Page 1 of 34

ADVENT OF THE EUROPEAN TO INDIA

I]

1) Where did the Portuguese establish their trading centers?

Ans: They established their footholds in Goa, Diu and Daman in Gujarat. Salsette and

Bassein near Bombay in Maharashtra San Thome near madras and Hughly

(Hooghly) in Bengal.

2) How did the English Secure Arcot in the Second Carnatic war?

Ans: On the advice of Robert Clive a young clerk in the service of the English East

India Company, they attacked and captured Arcot.

3) Mention the three trading centers of the English in India?

Ans: Ahmedabad, Broach and Agra were the three trading centers of the English in

India.

4) Why did the English dethrone Mir Kasim?

Ans: The company officials used to sell the Dastaks (free passes) given to the

company to Indian merchants and also used them for their own private trade.

This resulted in the decline of the state‟s income. Mir Kasim opposed this.

5) What does dual government mean? Who introduce it?

Ans: According to this system, the company collected the revenue and the Nawab

looked after the overall administration and also the administration of justice.

Robert clive introduced it.

6) Who fought the battle of Plassey? What were its results?

Ans: It was fought between Siraj-ud-Daula the Nawab of Bengal and the English

army led by Robert Clive.

Results are

1) Siraj-ud-Daula was killed Mir Jafar became the Nawab of Bengal

2) The English secured the Zamindari rights over the Twenty four Pargana

region in Bengal and got a firm footing in Bengal

Page 2 of 34

II]

1) Give reasons for the decline of the French in India?

Ans: 1) The French neglected trade and concentrated on politics as a result they were

always short of resources required for the wars.

2) The French did not secure complete support from their home government on

account of political turmoil.

3) The French company was more or less a government company

4) The English navy was superior to the French navy both in terms of leadership

and equipment.

5) The French officers on the other hand quarreled among themselves and were

unco-operative with each other

6) Dupleix was shrewd and ambitious but Robert Clive was a better judge of

circumstances and unorthodox in his approach towards war and politics.

2) What were the causes and the course of the Battle of Plassey?

Ans: Causes:

1) The English who were authorized to issue Dastaks were misused by the

officials which proved to be a financial loss to the Nawab of Bengal

2) Siraj-ud-Dual the Nawab of Bengal angered many within his administration

on account of his autocratic ways.

3) The English had given shelter to some o the subjects like Krishna Ballabh

son of Rai Ballabh in fort Wiiliam of Culcutta. Hence they incurred the

displeasure of the Nawab.

Courses:

1) The company tried to fortify their factory at Calcutta without the permission

of the Nawab

2) The Nawab was engaged and he captured Kasim Bazaar and Fort William

from the English (1756 AD). This shocked the English.

3) Explain the events leading to the battle of Buxar and mention its results

Ans: 1) Mir Kasim fulfilled the demands of the English but asserted his legal rights

as the Nawab and refused to remain a puppet in the hands of the English.

2) The Company officials used to sell the Dastak (free passes) given to the

company to Indian merchants and also used them for their own private trade.

3) This resulted in the decline of the state‟s income. Mir Kasim opposed this the

company dethroned Mir Kasim and brought back Mir Jafar as the Nawab.

Results:

1) But Mir Kasim aligned himself with the Nawab of Avadh, Shiraj-ud-Daulah

and the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam-II

2) They Challenged the English at Buxar (1764 AD) and the English

commander Hector Munro defeated the combined army.

3) This helped the English to secure the region of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.

Page 3 of 34

THE BRITISH AND FRENCH SETTLEMENT IN INDIA

CHANDRANAGAR

(F)

CALCUTTA

(E)

VISHAKPATNAM

(E)

MADRAS

(E)

PONDICHERY

(F)

CALICUT

(E)

BOMBAY

(E)

1

Page 4 of 34

MYSORE STATE AND THE BRITISH

I] Fill in the blanks:

1) The Dasara Festival was started in Mysore by Raja Wodeyar

2) The founders of the Wodeyar Dynasty hailed from Dwaraka

3) The ruler who got the stone Nandi carved at the Chamundi hill was

Doddadevaraja

4) Chikkadevaraja Binnapam is addressed to Deity at Melukote

II] Answer the following in three or four sentences

1) What were the political achievements of Chikkadevaraja Wodeyar?

Ans: 1) He conquered Tumkur, Hoskote and parts of Salem districts

2) He then conquered Banavara, Vastare and Chikkamagalur from the Keladi

rulers.

3) Later Magadi, Madhugiri and Konatagere also came under his control.

4) Chikadevaraja courted the friendhip of Aurangazeb and secured Bangalore

on lease from him and the izara (rent) was paid in return to the Mughals

regularly.

2) What were the terms of the Treaty of Madras?

Ans: 1) The English and Haider Ali signed the Treaty of Madrs in 1769 AD and

agreed to return the territorial‟s they had captured from each other.

2) The English promised to assist Haider Ali if attacked by his enemies.

3) Trace the course of the second Anglo Mysore war.

Ans: 1) Haider Ali fought alone against the Marathas

2) In 1780 AD the English conquered Mahe from the French

3) Haider Ali allied him with the French but the English commander, Sir. Eyre

Coote, defeated Haider Ali at the battle of Solignur in 1781 A.D

4) Why did the British declare war on Tippu in 1799 AD?

Ans: 1) He fortified his capital and continued his negations with the French, the Amir

of Afganistan and the Sultan of Turkey.

2) The French helped him in training his army. This enraged the English who

declared war on Tippu.

5) What were the terms of the Treaty of Mangalore?

Ans: 1) Tippu retained the coastal regions of Mangalore and Malabar

2) The treaty also stressed that they should not join hands with their respective

enemies.

Page 5 of 34

III] Answer the following

1) Chikkadevaraja Wodeyar was an able administration and patron of art and

literature. Justify the statement.

Ans: 1) Having assumed the title „Karnataka Chakravarthy‟, Chikkadevaraja

recognized administration efficiently and started 18 departments called

„Atharakacheri‟

2) To have a regular system of exchanging department messages, he started the

postal department called „Anche‟

3) He collected taxes regularly and also enforced economy in the

administration. The huge reserve funds he accumulated in the treasury qualified

and him.

4) He got constructed two canals named after Doddadevaraja and

Chikkadevaraja and helped in the expansion of irrigation facilities.

5) He constructed temples at Bangalore, Mysore and Gundlupet.

6) He himself was a poet and has written a Kannada poem „Chikkadevaraja

Binnapam‟ in praise of the deity at Melukote.

7) Cheluvanarayana, Singararya, Chikkupadhyana and Sanchi Honnamma

(work: Hadibadeya Dharma) were Kannada poets in his court.

2) What are the causes of the First Anglo Mysore war?

Ans: 1) The Nizam attached Mysore with the help of the English but failed to defeat

Haider Ali.

2) The Nizam and Haider Ali attached the English at Tiruchinapalli. The

English planned to retaliate by attacking Hyderabad.

3) The Nizam was alarmed by these developments, deserted Haider Ali and

once again joined the English.

3) What were the causes and results of the Third Anglo-Mysore war/

Ans: Causes

1) Tippu tried to secure help from the French

2) He also sent emissaries to the royal courts of Turkey, Afghanistan and

Persia

3) Tippu attacked the Raja of Travancore in 1789 AD who was an English ally.

The English invaded Tippu‟s territory.

Results

1) He surrendered half the territory to the enemies, which was shared by the

allies.

2) Tippu had to pay heavy war indemnity

3) He also surrendered his two sons as hostages to the English

Page 6 of 34

4) Narrate the causes and results of the Fourth Anglo-Mysore war/

Ans: Causes

1) Tippu fortified his capital and continued his negotiations with the French the

Amir of Afghanistan and the Sultan of Turkey

2) The French helped him in training his army. This enraged the English who

declared war on Tippu.

Results

1) The English surrounded his capital from all the four sides. Tippu died

fighting at Srirangapattana in 1799 AD.

2) Mysore was partitioned between the Nizam and the English.

3) The remaining parts of his territory of the original family of the Mysore

Wodeyars.

THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE ENGLISH RULE

IN INDIA

1) State the causes and results of the First Anglo Maratha War?

Ans: Causes:

1) Peshwa Madhavrao was succeeded by his brother Narayanarao in 1772 AD

2) But his uncle Raghunathrao (Raghoba) Was ambitious and got Narayanrao

murdered

3) In 1775 AD he concluded the Treaty of Surat with the English Government

at Bombay and agreed to surrender Salsette and Bassein for their support

4) The Maratha leaders were enraged at this and they exiled him from the

territory

5) The Governor General Warren Hastings did not recognize the Surat Treaty

6) Warren Hastings entered into the Treaty of Puranshar with Nana Phadnavis

in 1776 AD. This recognized the new Peshwa.

7) But the Bombay Government gave shelter to Raghoba. The Board of

Directors in England recognized the Surat Treaty of 1775.

Results:

1) The Marathas, the Nizam and Haider Ali formed an alliance against the

English

2) But this Alliance faced defeat and the Marathas were forced to sign the

Treaty of Salbai in 1782 AD

3) Madhayrao II was recognized as the Peshwa and Raghoba was pensioned

off

2) Outline the causes of the Third Anglo Maratha War?

Ans: The second Anglo Maratha war left the Maratha leaders dissatisfied. This made

Bajirao II attak the English Residency at Poona and was defeated.

Page 7 of 34

3) Why is Ranjith Singh described as is famous ruler of the Sikhs?

Ans: 1) Renowned as the „Lion of Punjab‟ Ranjit Singh was the famous ruler of the

Sikhs

2) He had become the chief of the Sukarchakia of the Sikhs at the age of 12

3) When Zaman Shah of Kabul invaded India, Ranjit Singh helped him and

secured Lahore in return in 1798 AD and became its ruler.

4) The secured Amritsar in 1802 AD and Ludhiana in 1806 AD

5) He maintained friendly relations with the English but retained his territory

without their interference.

4) What were the causes and results of the first Anglo-Sikh War?

Ans: Causes:

1) The army of the Sikh Community the „Khalasa; was won over by Lal Singh,

and in 1845 AD he declared war against the English

Results:

1) The Lahore treaty was signed between the Sikhs and the English

2) The Sikhs gave up the territory between the Ravi and the Sutlej rivers.

3) Kashmir was handed over to Gulab Singh in return for Rs. 75 lakhs

5) What were the causes of the Second Anglo Sikh War?

Ans: 1) Though the whole of Panjab came under the control of the British in the first

Anglo Sikh war, they did not rule over the whole territory.

2) Dulip Singh himself was asked to administer the territory

3) They kept a section of their army in Punjab and asked the prince himself to

regulate it. This made the Sikh leaders in the Khalsa army unhappy

6) Why did the British take over the administration from Krishnaraja Wodeyar III?

Ans: 1) In 1830 AD the Zamindars of Nagar revolted against the Maharaja and

refused to pay taxes. The Maharaja was able to suppress the revolt.

2) But the Zamindars individually began to trouble the administration

3) The English took over the administration in 1831 AD and appointed

administrators called commissioners to administer the State.

7) What are the achievements of Dewan Rangacharlu and Sheshaderi Iyer?

Ans: Dewan Rangacharlu established the Mysore Representative Assembly (1881

AD) and inaugurated the Bangalore-Mysore Railway line (1882 AD)

Dewan K Sheshadri Iyer (1883 AD-1902 AD) started the competitive

examination for the recruitment of government servants. He also started hydro

electric power production at the Shivansamudra Falls in 1902 AD which was

the first major venture of its kind in Asia.

Page 8 of 34

8) Why Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV is called the maker of Modern Mysore State?

Ans: 1) He assumed personal power in 1902 AD. During his time the Marikanive

irrigation project was undertaken, Gold mining at the Kolar Goldfields was

started and the streets of Bangalore.

2) The Maharaja was assisted by able Dewans like P.N.Krishnamurthy,

V.P.Madhav Rao, Sir. M. Vishveshwarayya and Sir. Mirza M Ismail.

3) As Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV was a patron of learning and education he

abolished the fees at the Government Primary Schools. He also encouraged

cottage industries.

4) The Indian Institute of Science was started in Bangalore in 1911 AD

5) Mysore developed as a „Model Princely State‟ during the days of Krishnaraja

Wodeyar IV. He gave patronage to music, literature and fine arts.

6) During his rule Mysore made great progress. Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV is

called the „Maker of the Moder Mysore State‟.

9) What are the contributions of Dewan Visgveswarayya to Mysore State/

Ans: 1) Sir. M. Vishveshwarayya is remembered by the people for his developmental

works.

2) He paid attention to the development of irrigation, industry trade and

commerce.

3) He started the Iron Works at Bhadravati, Government Soap Factory, Sandal

Oil Factory and the Mysore Bank.

4) The Mysore University (1916 AD) and the Chamarajendra Technological

Institute at Mysore, the Engineering College at Bangalore and the Agricultural

College at Hebbal were started during his time.

10) What are the contributions of Sir. Mirza M Ismail to Mysore/

Ans: Dewan Sir. Mirza M Ismail (1926 AD-1941AD) founded the cement and paper

factory at Bhadravati and the Sugar factory at Mandya. He got completed the

Kannambadi dam.

Page 9 of 34

THE FIRST WAR OF INDIAN INDEPENDENCE -

1857 AD

I] Fill in the blanks:

1) British Historian have described the revolt of 1857 as Sepoy Mutiny

2) The Doctrine of Lapse war introduced by Dalhonsile

3) The revolt in Kanpur was led by Nana Saheb

4) The bravest of all the mutineers was Rani Lakshmibai

II] Answer the following:

1) What were the effects of the Doctrine of Lapse?

Ans: 1) Dalhousie annexed Satara, Jhansi, Jaipur, Sambalpur and Udaipur

2) The adopted son of Peshwa Bajirao II, Nanasaheb was not paid the pension

3) Similarly the Mughal Emperor and the Nawab of Avadh and many others

were thrown out of power and this led to a lot of unrest.

4) Lakhs of soldiers employed by the dethroned princes become unemployed.

2) What were the economic causes of 1857 uprising?

Ans: 1) The Industrial Revolution witnessed in England during the 18th

century made

England not only a commercial country but also an industrial one.

2) This ruined Indian industries like textile, gunny bag and wool weaving lakhs

of weavers and spinners lost their jobs.

3) The textiles could not be sold in England due to heavy tariffs imposed on this

import. Thus export of Indian goods stopped.

4) The Inam Commission appointed by the Government confiscated lands from

rich landlords who had received tax-free land from the rulers.

3) What were the religious causes of the uprising?

Ans: The abolition of Sati, Permission for widow re-marriage etc., caused a lot of

unrest among the orthodox people.

4) Which of the social reforms caused unrest in the minds of the Indians?

Ans: 1) The abolition of Sati, Permission for widow re-marriage etc., caused a lot of

unrest among the orthodox people.

2) The introduction of the network of telegraph and railway lines looked like

efforts to chain the country and were clear signs of westernization.

Page 10 of 34

5) How do you prove that the condition of Indian soldiers in the British army was

pathetic?

Ans: 1) The condition of the Sepoys in the English army was pathetic.

2) The English discriminated between the Indians and the Europeans.

3) An English soldier drew a Salary eight times more than that of an Indian

promotions were reserved only for the whites.

4) The compulsion to make the soldiers cross the oceans appeared to make them

outcaste.

6) Narrate the immediate causes of the uprising?

Ans: In the newly introduced „Enfield rifles the top of the cartridge head to be

removed by mouth. A rumour spread that the cartridge were smeared with the

fat of cows and pigs. To both the Muslims and the Hindus, this was an

outrageous regulation. This became the immediate cause for the revolt.

7) Enumerate the causes for the failure of the uprising?

Ans: 1) There was no suitable leader for the uprising

2) The Sepoys indulged in looking and dacoities and this resulted in the

common people losing their faith in them.

3) The Indian Sepoys did not possesses modern and improved weapons like the

English

4) The English made use of telegraphic network to communicate messages

5) The Sikhs, the Nizam, the ruler of Gwalior and many others including many

Princely states supported the English.

6) Lack of proper organization among the mutineers.

7) The English had the common goal of protecting their empire. The Indian

Sepoys did not have a definite aim, acceptable to all.

8) What were the effects of the 1857 uprising?

Ans: 1) The rule of the East India Company came to an end and the British

Government in England took over the administration of India into its own

hands.

2) The secretary of State for India was put in charge of the Indian

administration. He was responsible to the British parliament.

3) The British withdraw the policy of the Doctrine of lapse

4) In 1858 AD Queen Victoria made a declaration and promised to grant a

stable government to India. She promised to safeguard the rights of the people.

5) The Queen promised not to interfere in the religious matters of the Indians.

6) The British were convinced that they could rule the country only if they

could win the confidence of the Indians.

Page 11 of 34

9) What were the administrative causes for the request of 1857?

Ans: 1) The English introduced new laws which treated are people all people as equal

2) This rule of law which alarm totally disregarded status, position and money

power, threatened the Zamindars and Taluqdars.

3) The laws made by the English could not be understood by the common

people.

4) The replacement of Persian language by English as the court language was

not liked by the people.

IMPACT OF THE BRITISH RULE IN INDIA

I] Fill in the Blanks:

1) The Permanent settlement was introduced by Cornwallis

2) The person who introduced the Ryatwari System was Munro

3) „Mahal‟ means Taluk

4) The first railway line was laid between Bombay and Thane

5) The first newspaper in India was Bengal gazette

6) The first newspaper in Kannada was Mangalury Samachara

II] Answer the following questions:

1) What was the outcome of the uniform system of administration in India?

Ans: 1) This helped to establish a uniform legal system.

2) The Rule of law placed all Indians on the same footings irrespective of caste

and religion.

3) Unified civil service and efficient police created internal stability

2) What was the impact of Industrial Revolution on India?

Ans: 1) The Industrial Revolution in England affected the Indian industries

2) After the Industrial Revolution the British exported raw materials from India

and imported finished goods from England and sold them in the Indian markets

at cheaper rates.

3) The Indian manufacturers could not compete with the cheap machine made

goods from England. Thus the Indian industries were ruined.

4) This decline in the domestic industries caused unemployment and starvation

to millions

Page 12 of 34

3) What was the Permanent Settlement?

Ans: 1) The Governor General Cornwallis introduced Permanent Settlement in

Bengal

2) The former revenue collectors were recognized as permanent owners of the

land and they were made to pay an amount fixed by the government as revenue.

3) The Zamindar collected more than what was expected from the ryots and

they led a life of luxury and comfort.

4) They ruthlessly collected the tax even during famines and multiplied the

miseries of the poor peasants.

5) This system came into existence in Bengal, Bihar and the United Province

(Uttar Pradesh)

4) What are the features of the Ryotwari System?

Ans: 1) Munro was in officer who introduced this system of settlement land was

measured and taking into account the lands fertility and irrigation facilities, the

revenue was fixed.

2) This system was introduced mostly in Southern and Western India

3) The governments demand was mostly kept at fifty percent of the produce

4) This system recognized the rights of the cultivation over his land

permanently

5) In times of famine the peasants could appeal to the government for partial or

even total concession.

5) What were the main features of Charles Wood‟s Dispatch?

Ans: 1) Charles Wood in 1854 the Department of Public Instruction was created

2) Charles Wood in his famous dispute on the importance of vernacular and

female education

3) Charles Wood proposed for the establishment of universities. As a result

universities were established at Calcutta, Bombay and Madras.

6) What was the contribution of Macaulay to the growth of education in India?

Ans: On the advice of T.B.Macaulay Governor General William Bentink introduced

English education in India (1835). Thus English school were started throughout

the country.

Page 13 of 34

7) What was the impact of English education on the Indians?

Ans: 1) The number of schools and colleges increased and literacy spread.

2) The urban centers nurtured the new middle class. This class of people were

imbided with the spirit of western ideas of democracy and liberalism.

3) It is this new middle class which took leadership in the cultural renaissance

and in the national movement.

4) English served as a link language for the whole country and created a large

number of likeminded Indians.

5) With the study of English literature similar forms of literature grew in Indian

regional languages. The art of writing prose developed in Marathi, Hindi,

Tamil, Kannada and other regional languages.

8) What was the impact of the growth of transport facilities in India?

Ans: 1) The railway lines connected various parts of India

2) As a result Indians began to travel on a large scale throughout the country.

3) This led to the development of a sense of unity among the Indians.

4) Roads and waterways were developed and bridges were constructed across

the rivers. The railway connected the parts to the hinterland.

9) What were the benefits of the introduction of railways?

Ans: 1) Governor General Dalhousie founded the public works department in 1854

AD and laid the first railway line between Bombay and Thane in 1853 AD

2) The Calcutta Raniganj railway line was laid in 1854 AD

3) The railway lines connected various parts of India

4) As a result Indians began to travel on a large scale throughout the country.

5) This led to the development or a sense of unity among the Indians.

6) Roads and waterways were developed and bridges were constructed across

the rivers. The railway connected the parts to the hinterland.

10) What was the importance of the newspapers during freedom movement?

Ans: 1) The newspapers in English education, newspapers in English and in various

regional languages came to be published.

2) They started exposing the administrative methods of the English

3) Many political leaders started newspapers and they used them as weapons

during the national movements.

4) The newspapers were used to create awareness and faster a sense of

nationality among the Indians.

Page 14 of 34

11) What are the differences between the Ryatwari system and the Mahalwari

system?

Ans: * Ryatwari system:

1) Munro was an officer who introduced this system of settlement land was

measured and taking into account its irrigation facilities the revenue was

fixed.

2) This system was introduced mostly in Southern and Western India

3) The Government demand was mostly kept at fifty percent of the produce

4) This system recognized the rights of the cultivator over his land

permanently

5) In times of famine the peasants could appeal to the government for partial or

even total concession

* Mahalwari system:

1) Mahal literally stands for a taluk and this was introduced in North Western

and Central India

2) The assessment rates here were somewhat high

3) The Mahaldar and the cultivator were jointly responsible for paying revenue

to the Government

4) The drawbacks of the Zamindari system were also present in this system.

THE CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN

INDIA

I] Fill in the blanks :

1) The act responsible for the founding of Supreme Court India was Regulating

Act.

2) The first law member of the Governor General‟s Advisory council was

T.B.Macaulay

3) Competitive examinations were introduced by the Act of 1853

4) The Chairman of the drafting committee of the constitution was Dr.

B.R.Ambedkar

II] Answer the following:

1) What were the provisions of the Regulating Act?

Ans: 1) The Governor of Bengal became the Governor General of India with control

over the two other Presidencies (Bombay and Madras) Warren Hastings

becomes the first Governor General.

2) A council of four members was constituted to assist the Governor General

3) A Supreme Court was established at Calcutta

4) The Secretary of State for India was appointed in England to supervise the

company‟s affairs in India. He was answerable to the British Parliament.

Page 15 of 34

2) What were the main features of the Charter Act of 1813

Ans: 1) The Indian Empire was declared as subject to the Sovereign authority of the

British government

2) The ban on the entry of the Christian Missionaries into India was lifted and

the missionaries were permitted to open schools and colleges in India.

3) The Act also directed the government to earmark rupees one lakh per year for

the education of Indians.

3) The Act of 1853 is considered to be a milestone in the history of Indian

constitution. Why/

Ans: 1) It created an effective legislative wing

2) The central legislature was started by adding new legislature members in the

council. (This is the beginning of the modern Parliament)

4) What were the main provisions of the Minto –Morley Reforms?

Ans: 1) It provided for an increase in the number of members at the council

legislature from 16 to 60

2) The Provincial Legislative Council was expanded by adding elected members

3) Separate communal electorate was introduced.

5) What were the changes introduced by the Montague –Chelmsfor reforms?

Ans: 1) The Act promised to gradually extend responsible government to India

2) It further promised to develop local self government bodies

3) The powers of the secretary of state for India were curtailed and a High

commissioner for India was appointed.

4) The number of Indian members in the Viceroy‟s executive council was

increased

5) The act provided for a bicameral legislature at the centre. These were the

beginnings of the present Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha.

6) The departments were divided into central list and the provincial list

7) At the provincial level, Dyarchy was introduced. There were resecured

subjects like finance, police etc., and transferred subjects like forests, education,

land revenue, health etc.

6) The Government of India Act 1935 is a major step in the constitutional

development how?

Ans: 1) The Act proposed for an all India Federation consisting of the provinces of

British India and the princely states.

3) A Federal Council having jurisdiction cover the provinces and princely

states were established at the centre.

Page 16 of 34

3) Dyarchy was abolished in the provinces. The act provided for provincial

autonomy

4) Dyarchy was introduced at the centre and the subjects were divided into

central list provincial list and concurrent list.

5) The Reserve Bank of India was established.

7) What were the main features of the Government of India Act of 1947?

Ans: 1) India become Independence and two independent states India and Pakistan

were created

2) The rule of the British in India ended. All the provinces and princely states

were permitted to join either of the two states by the act.

THE SOCIAL RELIGIOUS REFORM

MOVEMENTS

I] Answer the following

1) Who was the founder of the Brahma Samaj?

Ans: Raja Ram Mohan Roy founded the Brahma Samaj at Calcutta in 1828

2) Who proposed widow re-marriage in Bengal?

Ans: Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar propagated widow re-marriage in Bengal

3) What were the contribution of Mahadev Govind Ranade to Prarthana Samaj?

Ans: 1) He was associated with the Association for widow re-marriage and the

Deccan Education society.

2) Ranade strongly advocated women education. He started the first Girl‟s High

School at Poona in 1884.

4) Where did Annie Besant established the Central Hindu College?

Ans: She founded the Central Hindu College at Varanasi which later became the

Banaras Hindu University.

5) Who was the founder of the Aligarh movement?

Ans: Sir. Syed Ahmed Khan

6) Who are the founders of the Depressed classes mission?

Ans: Narayan Ganesh Chandavarkar and Vittal Ramji Shinde established the

Depressed Classes Mission in 1906 for the up liftment of the untouchables.

Page 17 of 34

II] Answer briefly:

1) Narrate the principles of the Brahma Samaj.

Ans: The Brahma Samaj rejected idol worship and believed in one god, where people

of all caste and religions could assemble together and pray. There was no place

for image worship, superstitions and unscientific religious customs in Brahma

Samaj.

2) What are the teachings of Dayananda Saraswathi?

Ans: 1) Dayananda Saraswati had Vedic education at Varanasi.

2) He tried to reform the Hindu Society on the basis of Vedic thoughts. He gave

a call for „back to vedas‟.

3) He condemned caste system, untouchability and idol worship and stressed on

the education of girls.

4) Arya Samaj believed that the Vedas were the only source of truth. Dayananda

wrote Satyartha Prakash in Hindi.

5) The Arya Samaj rejuvenated the Hindu society and awakened the spirit of

nationalism.

3) What are the principles of Sathya Shodha Samaj?

Ans: 1) The Samaj strove to secure justice and human rights for the exploited.

2) He declared a war against child marriage and exploitation of the widows.

3) The samaj worked for the improvement of the status of mill workers of

Bombay and also the peasants.

4) He believed that education alone could end exploitation and modernize the

society.

5) He was also the first reformer who advocated universalization of education.

6) He stressed the need for female education and started the first school for girls

in 1848 AD.

4) Give an account of the services rendered by the Ramakrishna Mission.

Ans: 1) The purpose of this organization is service to mankind.

2) He believed that to serve, humanity is to serve God.

3) He preached and stresses the message that through service to the poor and the

sick, one should try to seek god.

4) Many orphanages, schools, colleges and hospitals have been founded by the

Ramakrishna Ashram.

5) In times of flood, famine and epidemic outbreaks the mission has helped

people and consoled them.

Page 18 of 34

5) What are the main principles of the Theosophical society?

Ans: 1) Their main principal was to inculcate the spirit of equality and brotherhood

among all.

2) They also stress to teach about the values embedded in Indian religious and

philosophy.

3) They believed that the soul has no gender and men and women are equal. The

society preached compassion for all beings.

4) Annie Besant founded the Central Hindu College at Varanasi which later

became the Banaras Hindu University.

6) What were the main aims of the Aligarh Movement?

Ans: Sir. Syed Ahmed Khan wanted the Muslims to change their outdated orthodox

political, social, educational and religious beliefs and strive for the fusion of

Eastern and Western thoughts. This was the object of the Aligarh Movement.

For the fulfillment of this objective Sir. Syed Ahmed Khan started the Anglo

Oriental School at Aligarh in 1875 AD which became the Aligarh Muslim

University. Sir. Sayed Ahmed Khan encouraged women to educate themselves

and condemned Purdah system.

7) Why did the Socio reform movement take place in the 19th

century?

Ans: 1) The 19th

century is known as the age of Renaissance in the history of modern

India.

2) The British rule brought about peace and security in the country and provided

a conducive atmosphere for self introspection among the educated Indians.

3) The western rationality acquired through English education gave them the

tool to question the superstitious practices of the people.

4) Western concepts like democracy, liberty, equality and nationalism

awakened the Indians superstitions gave away to scientific approach.

III] Fill in the blanks:

1) The Father of Indian Renaissance is Raja Ram Mohan Roy.

2) The person who gave the call for back to Vedas was Dayanand Saraswati

3) Sathya Shodha Samaj was founded by Jyotiba Phule

4) SNDT women‟s university was founded by Dhando Keshav Karve

5) The first girls high school was established in Poona by M.G.Ranade

6) Tarabai Shinde wrote Stri Purusha Tulna

7) The first trade union in India was established by N.M.Lokhande

Page 19 of 34

THE FREEDOM MOVEMENT

I]

1) Who was the founder of the Indian National Congress?

Ans: A.O.Hume was the founder of the Indian National Congress

2) Mention the names of the moderate leaders?

Ans: Mahadev Govind Ranade, Surendra Nath Banarjee, Dadabhai Naoroji, Gopal

Krishna Gokhali and Badrudin Tyabaji were the moderate leaders.

3) Why did Gandhiji withdraw the Non cooperation movement?

Ans: In Chauri Chaura, the police fired upon the procession of the people. Enraged

by this the people burnt the police station which caused the death of 22

policemen. Gandhiji, pained by the violence called off the movement.

4) When was Quit India resolution adopted?

Ans: Quit India resolution was adopted in 8th

August 1942

II] Answer in 3 to 4 sentences:

1) What were the aims of the congress?

Ans: 1) The congress was determined to create national consciousness among the

Indians, who were divided on the basis of caste, religion, language and

provincial consideration.

2) It also aimed at placing the demands of the people before the government and

urge for their fulfillment

3) It created public opinion in favour of various national issues.

2) What were the demands of the moderates?

Ans: 1) They aimed at sewing representation for the Indians in higher administrative

posts.

2) They urged for the expansion of the legislature (councils) with more elected

and less nominated members.

3) They agitated for the strengthening of Indian agriculture and industries by

imposing import duties on foreign goods.

4) They insisted on holding the civil service examinations simultaneously in

India and England.

3) What is Drain Theory?

Ans: 1) The resources of India were transformed to England in the form of adverse

balance of payment on account of more imports and less exports.

2) Profits earned on the British capital the transfer of the British officers drained

the country of its wealth. This is called the drain theory.

Page 20 of 34

4) What was the method used by the Revolutionaries?

Ans: 1) Small groups of revolutionaries operating secretly resulted to violent methods

to throw the British out of the country.

2) They used weapons like bombs and pistols. They attacked government

officers and destroyed records.

3) Khudiram Bose, Ramprasad Bismill, V.D.Savarkar, Chandrashekar Azad and

Bhagat Singh were the leaders of the revolutionaries.

5) Give a brief account of the Non-co-operation movement?

Ans: 1) The leaders of Khilafat movement in India, Shaukat Ali and Mohammed Ali

secured the help of Gandhiji for the movement.

2) Many patriotic Indians returned the titles conferred on them.

3) Advocates gave up their practice and joined the movement.

4) Thousands of students came out of government schools and colleges and

national institutions were started.

5) When elections were held according to the Reforms of 1919 AD the congress

boycotted the elections.

6) What were the main aims of the Civil Disobedience movement?

Ans: 1) Gandhiji placed eleven demands before the Viceroy, which included the

abolition of salt tax.

2) The Viceroy paid no attention to these demands and Gandhiji started the civil

disobedience movement by launching salt satyagraha

3) From his Sabarmathi Ashram to Dandi near Surat, Gandhiji conducted a long

march and produced a handful of salt on March 12th

(1930) and distributed it to

the people.

4) Thousands of satyagrahi‟s along with Gandhiji were arrested.

7) What were the achievements of the INA?

Ans: 1) With the help of Ras Bihari Bose a revolutionary patriot who had settled in

Japan, Subhash Chandra Bose recruited many Indians who settled down in

South-East Asia to his Indian National Army (INA)

2) The Indian soldiers in the British army who had surrendered to the Japanese

also joined the INA and captain Lakshmi was the leader of women‟s wing of the

army.

3) The INA hoisted the tricolor flag in the Andaman and the Nicobar Islands in

1943 and by 1944 it entered the Indian sub continent and occupied Kohima and

Imphal capturing 10,000 square miles of Manipur territory.

Page 21 of 34

8) What were the reasons for the Partition of India?

Ans: 1) In 1940 the Muslim league at its Lahore session demanded a separate nation

for the Muslim.

2) The concessions offered during the Second World War by the British to the

Indians like the August offer and the proposals put forth by the cripps mission

were rejected by the congress.

3) The „Quit India‟ resolution was opposed by the Jinnah and he urged the

Muslims not to participate in it.

4) The New Prime Minister deputed cabinet mission India in 1946

5) The mission proposed for undivided India with a single legislature. Jinnah

rejected it and called for „Direct Action Day‟ on August 16, 1946 to form

Pakistan.

6) Mountbatten who was appointed as the Viceroy in 1946 spoke to Gandhi,

Jinnah and the leaders of the other parties and the plan for partition was drawn

up.

9) Why was the Simon Commission appointed? Why did the Indians oppose it?

Ans: To console the agitating Indians and to consider further constitutional reforms

the British Government appointed the Simon Commission in 1927 AD. As all

the members of the Commission were Englishmen it was boycotted by the

Indians.

10) Explain the quite India movement of 1942/

Ans: 1) Cripps proposed the granting of Dominion Status to India. The congress

rejected it and on August 8, 1942 the congress adopted the Quit India resolution

at Bombay.

2) To make the British quit Gandhiji called upon the Indians to „Do or Die‟.

3) The government took repressive action and Gandhiji, Nehru, Vallabhai

Patel, Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad and other leaders were arrested on the 9th

of

August.

4) The congress organization was banned and it offices were sealed.

5) Seventy police stations were attacked many government offices were set on

fire.

6) Post and revenue offices were destroyed. Railway lines were removed and

bridges sabotaged.

7) Telegraph wires were cut. Liquor shops were attacked. The British

administrative machinery was shaken.

8) The jails were filled with freedom fighters.

Page 22 of 34

11) What was the role of Bal Gangadhar Tilak in freedom movement?

Ans: 1) Tilak announced that „Swaraj is my birth right‟ and I shall have it.

2) He said that the British must be thrown out of the country and the path of

struggle was indispensable.

3) Through his newspapers „Kesari‟ in Marathi and „Maratha‟ in English he

encouraged the people to fight against the British and upheld extreme

nationalism.

4) To awaken national feelings among the people he organized Shivaji jayanti

and Ganesh festival.

12) Explain the role of Subhash Chandra Bose in the freedom movement/

Ans: 1) Subhash Chandra Bose was a first rank leader among the revolutionary

patriots. People endearingly call him „Netaji‟.

2) Subhash believed that only non violence and negotiations will not secure

freedom.

3) During the II World War the British government kept him under house arrest

in Calcutta. He escaped to Afghanistan and reached Germany.

4) He bought the help of Hitler and Mussolini for the cause of India‟s freedom.

5) With the help of Ras Bihari Bose a revolutionary patriot who had settled in

Japan he recruited many Indians who had settled down in South-East Asia to his

Indian National Army (INA)

6) The Indian soldiers in the British army who had surrendered to the Japanese

also joined the INA and Captain Lakshmi was the leader of women‟s wing of

the army.

7) The INA hoisted the tricolor flag in the Andaman and the Nicobar Islands in

1943 and by 1944 it entered the Indian sub continent and occupied Kohima and

Imphal capturing 10,000 square miles of Manipur territory.

13) What was the role of Gandhiji in the freedom movement?

Ans: 1) Mahatma Gandhiji entered the movement in 1920 and gave a new turn to the

freedom struggle.

2) The Non-co-operation movement was launched by Gandhiji in 1921. He

believed in non-violence passive resistance called Satyagraha. He stressed on

the use of Swadeshi goods and urged the use of Khaddar (Khadi), handspun and

hand woven cloth. He upheld the Hindu Muslim unity and the eradication of

untouchability.

3) To eradicate untouchability Gandhiji launched a movement after signing the

Pune Pact in 1932 with Dr.Ambedkar.

4) Gandhiji also tourned Karnataka in 1934 and enlightened the people about

untouchability. Gandhiji urged the people to throw open the temples, public

wells and tanks for the untouchables whom he addressed as „Harijans‟

5) Gandhiji was assassinated on January 30th

1948. It was a tragedy that shook

the nation.

Page 23 of 34

III] Fill in the blanks.

1) The first President of the Indian National Congress was W.C.Banergee.

2) Founders of the Swaraj party were C.R.Das and Motilal Neharu.

3) Gandhiji broke the salt law at Dandi

4) The tricolor flag was hoisted by the INA at Andaman and Nicobar islands.

THE FREEDOM MOVEMENT IN KARNATAKA

I]

1) Describe the revolt of Kittur against the British?

Ans: 1) In 1824 AD the Desai of Kittur Shivalingarudra Sarja accepted a son and

died immediately.

2) When the English tried to annex this small province, the widow of the Desai,

Rani Chennamma fought valiantly against the English.

3) The Kittur forces lost the battle after a heroic struggle. Rani chennamma was

captured and she had five years later in captivity.

4) Kittur revolted once again in 1829 AD when Sangolli Rayanna a common

man of Kittur organized a band of fighters against the English with a view to

install the adopted son of Rani Chennamma as the ruler of Kittur.

5) His forces were defeated and he was captured.

2) Write briefly about Surpur uprising?

Ans: 1) The ruler of Surpur Venkatappa Nayak refused to pay the English the subsidy

they had demanded and challenged their power.

2) The British army laid siege to the Surpur fort in 1858

3) Venkatappa when arrested shot himself refusing to accept British dominance.

3) Describe the Shivpur Satyagraha?

Ans: 1) Mysore State Congress organized its conference at Shivapur near Maddur in

1938. There was a ban on hoisting the tricolor.

2) But 25,000 delegates assembled the tricolor was hoisted by resident

T.Siddalingaiah. He was arrested.

3) It was decided to hoist the flag daily on the same spot and undertake Dhwaja

Satyagraha all over the state.

4) As a part of the state wide Satyagraha, the flag was hoisted at the

Vidurashwatha fair in Kolar district. Thirty people were killed in the police

firing.

Page 24 of 34

4) Describe the Quit India Movement at Isur?

Ans: 1) The people of Isur participated in the Quit India Movement by peacefully

organizing processions.

2) They checked the entry of the Government officers into the village which

was declared “Free”.

3) Two officers were killed when they tried to enter the village five persons

from Isur were hanged for this act.

II] Fill in the blanks

1) The newspaper which propagated nationalist ideas in Karnataka was

Karmaveera and Karnatakavrita.

2) The Hindustan Seva Dal was organized by N.S.Hardikar.

3) In 1930 the Salt Satyagraha in Karnataka was conducted at Ankola

4) In 1932 the Forest Satyagraha in Karnataka was conducted at Sirsi

5) The satyagrahi who died at Hosaritti was Mailar Mahadevappa.

INDIA AFTER INDEPENDENCE

I]

1) Who is called the Iron Man of India?

Ans: Sardar Vallabhai Patel is called the Iron Man of India.

2) Why did Sardar Patel decide to launch Police Action in Hyderabad?

Ans: The Nizam imported weapons to fight against India. Realizing this danger,

Sardar Patel decided to launch Police Action on the 13th

of September 1948.

3) When did the French hand over their territories?

Ans: In 1951 the French handed over all their Indian territories to the government of

India after the people voted for merger with India.

4) Who is the Father of Goan liberation struggle?

Ans: T.B.Cunha is the Father of Goan liberation

5) How did Lal Bahadur Shastry and Ayub Khan try to settle the Kashmir issue?

Ans: In 1966 the Tashket agreement was signed by the Indian Prime Minister Lal

Bahadur Shastry and Pakistan President Ayub Khan by which it was decided to

settle the issue by peaceful negotiation.

Page 25 of 34

II] Answer in 3 to 4 sentences

1) Explain the problems of Jammu and Kashmir briefly?

Ans: 1) The ruler of the state, Hari Singh delayed his decision to join the Indian

Union. Pakistan decided to capture the state and invaded Kashmir.

2) But before it should reach the capital of the state the Indian army reached the

Kashmir valley and drove back the invaders.

3) On the 26th

October 1947, the ruler of the state Hari Singh and the leader of

the Jammu and Kashmir National conference, Sheikh Abdullah agreed to join

the Indian Union.

4) Pakistan complained to the United Nations over the issue.

5) As the UNO ordered cease fire, parts of Kashmir remained under the

Pakistani as India stopped the advance of its forces.

6) Pakistan sponsored terrorists are posing a serious problem towards restoring

peace in the state.

7) The Indian soldiers successfully pushed back the encroachers in 1999 at

Kargil.

2) Describe the stages of the merger of Hyderabad state with the Indian union?

Ans: 1) The Seventh Nizam, Mir Osman Ali Khan tried to remain Independent.

2) A majority of the subjects of Hyderabad state were Hindus (86%) who

demanded responsible Government in the state and its merger within the Indian

union.

3) In 1938 Swamy Ramananda Tirth founded the Hyderabad stet congress.

4) Qasim Razvi, recruited a para military force called the Razakars with their

help he tried to retain Hyderabad as a free state.

5) The state congress gave a call to organize Accession Day in 365 centers, the

people of the state observed Accession Day by hoisting the tricoulour flag and

defying the ban.

6) One hundred camps were established along the border. This went on for 13

months and thousands of people lost their lives on both the side of the border.

Many families were totally annihilated by the Razakars.

7) The talk between the Government of India and the Nizam did not bear fruit.

8) The Nizam imported weapons to fight against India. Realizing this danger,

Sardar Patel decided to launch Police Action on the 13th

of September 1948. On

the 17th

of September the Nizam surrendered and agreed to accede to the Indian

Union.

Page 26 of 34

3) What were the conditions of Karnataka before unification?

Ans: 1) The Kannada speaking people were not only found in the former Madras and

Bomaby Presidencies but were also in the princely states of Hyderabad,

Mysore, Sangoli, Miraj, Ramadurg, Jamakhandi, Mudhol, Akkalkot, Sandur,

Savanur etc.

2) The unification of the Kannada speaking regions under a single state called

Karnataka was attempted as early as 1916 by Alur Venkatarao.

3) In Karnataka the Karnataka a Ekikarana Maha Samithi headed by

S.Nijalingappa continued the demand for unification.

4) Later Akhanda Karnataka Rajya Nirmana Parishat headed by Ramkrishna

Karanth and Alavandi Shivamurthy Swamy continued a strong agitation.

4) State the main events in the liberation of Goa?

Ans: 1) In 1928, T.B.Cunha founded Goa Congress Committee and started an

agitation. He has been called the Father of the Goan liberation movement.

2) About 1500 people were arrested. The Indian National Congress supported

the liberation movement in Goa.

3) The Goan leaders were imprisoned in Goa and the Portuguese followed a

policy of severe repression against the movement.

4) The police atrocities increased under these circumstances, the Government of

India sent its army and liberated Goa in 1961.

5) How does the problem of refugees from Pakistan solved/

Ans: 1) The Government of India had the responsibility of providing them with

shelter and medical aid. Lakhs of them were settled in Orissa under the

Dandakaranya project.

4) They were also settled in various parts of the country including Punjab,

Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra.

THE MODERN WORLD

I]

1) What were the steps taken by Franklin D Roosvelt to check economic

depression?

Ans: 1) He introduced the economic reform called „the New Deal‟

2) According to this policy industries reduced the number of working hours and

increased the pay for the workers, compensation was paid to the farmers and the

unemployed.

3) Within a decade, the USA once again became an economic power.

Page 27 of 34

2) Why did the people of Russia revolt against the Czar?

Ans: 1) In the 19th

century Russia was ruled by an absolute and autocratic emperor

called the Czar. His regime was repressive and cruel.

2) People had no rights. The condition of the peasantry was miserable.

3) The frudal lands exploited the peasantry. The situation worsened when

Russia was defeated by Japan in 1905.

3) What were the achievement of the Soviet Union under Stalin?

Ans: 1) Stalin started the five year plans and expanded the industries

2) Stalin ended private farming and introduced collective farming.

3) Stalin also developed military power and made the Soviet Union as powerful

as the United States.

4) What were the causes for the opium wars?

Ans: 1) The Manchu emperors were weak and inefficient and China remained

backward.

2) England became hostile to China when the latter tried to stop it from bringing

opium into China. This was followed by what is known as the opium wars

(1830-1842)

5) What were the achievements of Mao in China?

Ans: 1) The communist party of China with the help of the Soviet Union revolted in

1931 and founded a republic in South China. Mao Tse Tung led this revolt.

2) Mao organized the peasants in the rural areas.

3) The Chinese Republic founded by Mao grew as a strong nation under the

dictatorship of the communist party, agriculture industry, education and military

strength grew rapidly.

6) How did the expansionist policy of Japan become the cause for the Second

World War?

Ans: 1) It conquered Korea and defeated China in 1895.

2) It clashed with Russia and in the process Japan even defeated Russia in 1905

3) From 1930 onwards Japan began further expansion. It conquered Machuria

from China.

4) In 1940 Japan conquered the archipelago of Indo China from the French.

7) How did Japan achieve economic progress?

Ans: 1) Railways were introduced and roads and shipping were modernized.

2) By adopting Western technology education industry and agriculture were

also modernized.

3) The peasants were given small holdings. The government itself started new

industries.

Page 28 of 34

4) Its exports to Asia and Europe increased. They also improved their banking

and sea and air transport facilities.

5) Within a few decades Japan achieved substial progress and became a rich

nation.

8) What were the effects of Cultural Revolution?

Ans: It destroyed thousands of Buddist temples and killed thousands of believers.

9) What were the effects of the policy of leap forward?

Ans: 1) The Chinese economy improved

2) The peasants lost their holdings collective farming was introduced.

II] Answer in a single sentence

1) What is New Deal?

Ans: Franklin D Roosevelt introduced the economic reform called „The New Deal‟.

2) What is the ideology of Karl Marx?

Ans: Marx advocated the dictatorship of the proletariat as a solution to all feudal

problems.

3) Name the leader who ended the Manchu rule in China?

Ans: Sun Yat Sen

4) What was the result of the “Long March”?

Ans: The Chinese Communist army led by Mao launched the „Long March‟ and after

a great loss of men and army many hardships they reached Beijing in 1949

Chiang fled to Taiwan (Formosa)

5) Why did the Japanese revolt against Tokugawa family?

Ans: The dictatorship of the „Tokugawa‟ family which represented the emperor in

administration, had made the Japanese angry with the dictator during the 19th

century.

6) Why did the Chinese become disrespectful towards Chiang Kai Shek?

Ans: Japan conquered Manchuria in North China during this period. This created

disrespect towards chiang among the Chinese patriots.

Page 29 of 34

THE FIRST WORLD WAR (1914-1918)

I]

1) What is aggressive nationalism?

Ans: 1) Europe saw the emergency of aggressive nationalism which generated a

sense of superiority among the people.

2) They had grown proud of their country and considered it a sacred duty to

fight for the country, whether the country was right or wrong.

3) Colonies were also considered a matter of national prestige.

2) Explain the system of rival alliances?

Ans: 1) Towards the end of the 19th

century a number of countries of Europe entered

into alliances to safeguard their economic and political interests.

2) Germany formed a Triple Alliance with the Austro Hungarian Empire and

Italy, England, France and Russia formed the Triple Entente.

3) On account of these Alliances Europe was divided into two hostile camps.

3) Why did Austria attack Serbia?

Ans: When the Austrian crown prince visited the Bosnian capital Sarajevo in 1914,

he was murdered by a Serbian. Austria wanted to punish Serbia; hence it

declared war and sought the help of Germany.

4) Which were the Allied and Axis powers?

Ans: The group led by England was called Allied powers and its opponents were

called Axis powers.

5) Mention the causes of the First World War?

Ans: 1) Aggressive nationalism

2) The system of Rival Alliances

3) The Armament Race

4) Immediate cause

6) Why did the USA join the First World War?

Ans: The USA entered the First World War after the British ship Lusitania was sunk

by the Germans.

7) What were the effects of the world war?

Ans: 1) Millions of people including civilians died in the war and many more were

wounded. Towns, cities, roads, dams, bridges, railways and factories were

destroyed on an unprecedented scale.

3) Their reconstruction, providing jobs to the unemployed, providing food and

rehabilitation to them became an impossible task.

Page 30 of 34

3) The loss of life bloodshed and destruction caused by the war create a desire

for preventing wars and fostering peace.

4) To fulfill this ardent desire the League of Nations was established.

8) Why was the League of Nations established?

Ans: In order to promote peace and achieve international co-operation and goodwill

the League of Nations was established in 1919 with 44 nations as members. Its

headquarters was situated in Paris.

9) What were the achievement of the League of Nations?

Ans: 1) Many misunderstandings between nations that could have led to

confrontation were solved by the League.

2) When Italy captured the island of Koufu from Greece, the League forced

Italy to return the island.

3) It also succeeded in implementing the terms of the treaty of Versailes

4) The League was successful in setting the dispute between Poland and

Germany over the possession of upper silicia.

5) Thus the major achievement of the League was the prevention of war

between 1919 and 1939.

10) Why did the League fail?

Ans: 1) The USA did not join the League of Nations. This made the League weak.

2) All the nations of the world did not join the League, many remained outside

the League. As a result the League could not impose its terms on all countries.

3) The League had no military force of its own to check invasions. It failed to

bring about satisfactory disarmament.

Page 31 of 34

THE SECOND WORLD WAR (1939-1945)

I]

1) Why did dictatorships emerge in Europe?

Ans: After the first world war, the countries of Europe faced severe economic crises.

The newly established democracies in Germany, Italy and Spain could not

negotiate the crisis effectively a result, dictatorships emerged in all the these

countries.

2) Name the European countries where dictatorship emerged?

Ans: The European countries where dictatorship emerged were Germany, Italy and

Spain. The dictators were Adolf Hitler of Germany and Mussolini of Italy.

3) What were the reasons Hitler gave for the poor status of Germany.

Ans: The communists the Jews and treaty of Versailles were described as the main

causes responsible for the fall of Germany in the First World War.

4) State the policies followed by the Fascists in Italy?

Ans: Fascist thoughts were propagated in schools. The Fascists had no respect for

human values and freedom. The Italians lost the freedom of speech and the

freedom of press under them. Anyone criticizing any one of the policies of

Mussolini was regarded as a traitor.

5) What were the changes introduced by Hitler in Germany?

Ans: 1) He strengthened the army and German economy

2) He organized a private army called the Brown Shirts and used its „musical‟

power to suppress his political opponents.

3) He organized his National Socialist Party, popularly known as the Nazi party.

4) Germany‟s President Hindenburg appointed the title, the Fuehrer. He

suppressed the opposition parties and established a totalitarian regime.

6) Mention the main causes of the Second World War?

Ans: 1) The imperialist and expansionist policies of Germany and Italy were the main

reasons responsible for the war.

2) The League of Nations could not check the aggressive onslaught of these

expansionists.

3) No power came forward to undertake armed resistance against the initial

attacks of Hitler and Mussolini.

4) Finally Germany and Russia with mutual understanding partitioned Poland

among themselves. It was then that France and England declared war on

Germany.

Page 32 of 34

7) Outline the role of the USA in the Second World War?

Ans: 1) In June 1944, the US commander Eisenhower landed in France and helped

England. The USA also sent its armies to Algeria in North Africa. Thus Italy

was defeated in September 1943 and Italy surrendered.

2) In August 1945, the USA dropped atom bombs on two Japanish cities

Hiroshima and Nagasaki. They were reduced to ashes.

8) State the main results of the Second World War/

Ans: 1) The effects of the Second World War were catastrophic. Nearly five crore

people were killed.

2) The whole of Europe was affected and the attacks of Germany destroyed

cities towns, industries, bridges, roads and railways.

3) President Truman took up an ambitious programme called Marshall Plan for

the reconstruction of the nations destroyed by the war and rendered substantial

financial aid.

4) Germany was totally disarmed and the Nazi prisoners of war were put on trial

and punished.

5) Germany was divided into four units and each of the units was subjected to

the supervision of the USA, England, France and Russia.

6) For the establishment of permanent peace the United Nations Organization

was established in place of the League of Nations.

9) Why was the UNO established?

Ans: The United Nations Organization was started for the establishment of

permanent peace.

II] Fill in the blanks:

1) The book written by Hitler was Mein Kemp

2) Mussolini‟s private paramilitary force was called Black shirts.

3) The US harbor attacked by Japan was Pearl Harbour.

4) The Atom bombs were dropped on Nagasaki and Hiroshima.

Page 33 of 34

THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD

I]

1) What were the results of the formation of Israel?

Ans: The Palestinians of Arab origin, who had earlier settled there, became refugees.

Israil became a powerful nation despite all opposition. Isreal was slow is

keeping the promise it had made to accommodate the Palestinians.

2) Define Cold war?

Ans: The competition between USA and USSR in the field of space research,

manufacture of deadly weapons, development in science and technology led to a

tensed situation known as cold war.

3) Which were the important countries which supported the US bloe?

Ans: The UK (Bretain) and other west European countries. The South East Asian

countries, Turkey, Iran and Pakistan.

4) Which are the main countries that sided with the bloc led by the USSR?

Ans: East Germany, Poland, Hungary, Czecholovakia, Rumania and Yugoslovia.

5) What were the East Asian issues which could have caused the Third World

War?

Ans: 1) The Vietnam War (1955-1975) which was fought in Asia on ideological

grounds made the communists victorious and America‟s direct involvement in it

caused immense loss to it.

2) When there was a civil war in Korea, the USA helped South Korea and China

extended help to North Korea. The civil war ended with the division of Korea

into North Korea and South Korea.

6) What is Apartheid? How did the policy of Apartheid end?

Ans: The policy of racial discrimination against the native Africans is known as

Apartheid.

Mandela underwent a long period of imprisonment, finally he was

released the Apartheid ended in 1994.

7) Who were the leaders of the Non-Aligned movement?

Ans: Sukarno of Indonesia, Naseer of Egypt, Nehru of India and Tito of Yugoslavia

were its leaders.

8) Mention the names of five nations in Asia which attended freedom?

Ans: India, Srilanka, Myanmar, Indonesia and Malaysia.

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9) Name five African nations that become free?

Ans: Libia, Kenya, Uganda, Nigeria and Congo

10) What were the main causes of wneost in the Middle East?

Ans: The Palestinians of Arab origin, who had earlier settled there, became refugees.

Israil became a powerful nation despite all opposition. Isreal was slow is

keeping the promise it had made to accommodate the Palestinians. As the

Palestinians were supported by the Arabs the surrounding areas of Israil turned

into a battle field.

11) What are the causes of the present crisis in Iraq?

Ans: Saddam Hussein the dictator of Iraq after ending the conflict with Iran attacked

Kuwait in 1990. This led to the Gulf War II. The USA intervened on behalf of

the UNO and Iraq was forced to withdraw from Kuwait in 1991.

12) What were the reasons for Iranian revolt against its Shah?

Ans: The Shah (ruler) of Iran was dethroned by the Iranian orthodoxy led by

Kromeini in 1979. The attempts to modernize Iran by the Shah caused the

revolution.

13) What was the reason for the II Gulf War? Mention the result?

Ans: Saddam Hussain the dictator of Iraq after ending the conflict with Iran attacked

Kuwait in 1990. This led to the Gulf War II. The USA intervened on behalf of

the UNO and Iraq was forced to withdraw from Kuwait in 1991.

14) Why did the USA and the UK attack Iraq in 2003? What was the result?

Ans: 1) Iraq was believed to posses many banned weapons of mass destruction. Iraq

did not agree to the UNO‟s proposal for the indepetion of its arsenal.

2) In 2001 the USA and the UK bombed many strategic centers in Iraq. The

UNO finally sent its team of inspectors to examine the arsenal of Iraq.

3) Though no evidence was found over the existence of dangerous weapons the

USA and the UK invaded Iraq in March 2003. Saddam Hussein‟s regime ended.

15) What were the aims of the Non-Aligned Movement?

Ans: The movement tried its best to defuse the cold war trends which would caused

the third World War. Disarmament helping trade links (connections) between

the backward nations and c-operation between them were the main items on its

agenda.