ADVANTAGES OF PIXE - Abdus Salam Centre for · PDF fileTENSION LAB CASP GCU LAHORE Rafi Muhammad Chair, CASP GC University Lahore. ... With Micro PIXE resolution of less than one Micron

PIXE ANALYSIS OF PIXE ANALYSIS OF SOME MEDICINAL SOME MEDICINAL

HERBSHERBS

NISAR AHMADNISAR AHMAD

International Scientific Spring ConferenceInternational Scientific Spring Conference11stst to 6to 6thth March 2010March 2010

IslamabadIslamabad

Medicinal HerbsMedicinal Herbs

Rafi Muhammad Chair, CASP Rafi Muhammad Chair, CASP GC University LahoreGC University Lahore

Sr# Vernacular English Botanical Family

1 Mulethi Sweet wood Glycyehiza Papilionaceae

2 Saunf Fennel Foenicutum Vulgare Mill Umbelliferae

3 Ajwan Omum Seeds Ptychotis Ajowan Umbelliferae

4 Sufaid Zeera Cumin Cuminum Cyminum Umbelliferae

5 Kalongi Black Cumin Seeds Nigella Sativa Linn Ranunculaceae

6 Chhoti Ilaichi Cardmum Elettaria Cardamomum Maton Zingiberaceae

7 Bari Ilaichi Cardmum Amomum Subulatum Zingiberaceae

8 Haldi Turmeric Curcuma Longa Zingiberace

9 Daar Chini Cinnamomum Cinnamomum Inners Reinw Lauraeae

10 Podina Field Mint Mentha Piperita Labiatae

11 Gaozuban Onosmabrcateatum Boraginaceae

12 Goond Gum Eucalyptus Aromaph Creswick AppleBox



PIXE PrincipalPIXE Principal



ADVANTAGES OF PIXEADVANTAGES OF PIXE•• SENSITIVITY SENSITIVITY

Few parts per billion for more favourable cases like organic Few parts per billion for more favourable cases like organic tissues. Few parts per million for less favourable cases like tissues. Few parts per million for less favourable cases like Mineralogical & Metallurgical samples.Mineralogical & Metallurgical samples.

In absolute terms , for conventional beam of a few mm in In absolute terms , for conventional beam of a few mm in diameter, the detection limit is 10diameter, the detection limit is 10--1111gm and for micro beam the gm and for micro beam the detection limit is 10detection limit is 10--1616 gm.gm.

•• SPEEDSPEEDOnly a few minutes for a sample which may give information Only a few minutes for a sample which may give information

about 10about 10--15 elements.15 elements.

•• NONDESTRUCTIVE ANALYSISNONDESTRUCTIVE ANALYSISNormally a nondestructive techniqueNormally a nondestructive technique


ADVANTAGES OF PIXEADVANTAGES OF PIXE

•• MULTIELEMENT CAPABILITYMULTIELEMENT CAPABILITYEntire periodic table covered with little variation in sensitiviEntire periodic table covered with little variation in sensitivity.ty.

•• SPATIAL RESOLUTIONSPATIAL RESOLUTIONWith Micro PIXE resolution of less than one Micron (10With Micro PIXE resolution of less than one Micron (10--6 6 m) can m) can

be achieved.be achieved.

•• VERSATILITYVERSATILITYCan be used for the analysis of all kind of objects , say from Can be used for the analysis of all kind of objects , say from a a

single blood cell to a large painting.single blood cell to a large painting.


SENSITIVITY OF DIFFERENT ELEMENTS SENSITIVITY OF DIFFERENT ELEMENTS RELATIVE TO YITTRIUMRELATIVE TO YITTRIUM

Element Element At. NoAt. No. . SensitivitySensitivity ElementElement At. NoAt. No. . SensitivitySensitivity

Na 11Na 11 08 Fe 08 Fe 26 12.5 26 12.5 Mg 12 09 Mg 12 09 Co 27 11.Co 27 11.33Al 13 10.1 Al 13 10.1 Ni 28 9Ni 28 9.5.5Si 14 11.2 Si 14 11.2 Cu 29 7.Cu 29 7.77P 15 12.1 P 15 12.1 Zn 30 06Zn 30 06S 16 12.5 S 16 12.5 Ga 31 05Ga 31 05Cl 17 14.5 Cl 17 14.5 Ge 32 3.Ge 32 3.88ArAr 18 15.3 A18 15.3 As 33 2.9s 33 2.9K 19 15.6 K 19 15.6 Sc 34 2.Sc 34 2.2525Ca 20 15.8 Ca 20 15.8 Br 35 1.Br 35 1.88Sc 21 15.7 Sc 21 15.7 Kr 36 1.Kr 36 1.3535Ti 22 15.5 Ti 22 15.5 Rb 37 1.Rb 37 1.11V 23 15.0 V 23 15.0 Sr 38 1.Sr 38 1.0505Cr 24 14.45 Cr 24 14.45 Y 39 01Y 39 01Mn 25 13.5Mn 25 13.5


PIXE analysis of IAEA soilPIXE analysis of IAEA soil--7 Standard7 Standard

ElementElement IAEA information ValueIAEA information Value Accelerator Lab experimentalAccelerator Lab experimental(mg/kg) 95%Confidence(mg/kg) 95%Confidence results (mg/kg)results (mg/kg)

Na 2300Na 2300--2500 3202500 320±±3535MgMg 1100011000--1180011800 50605060±±330330Al 44000Al 44000--5100051000 5160051600±±28302830SiSi 169000169000--201000201000 160400160400±±86608660KK 1130011300--1270012700 1230012300±±713713CaCa 157000157000--174000174000 211260211260±±1140811408TiTi 26002600--37003700 33403340±±240240MnMn 604604--650650 740740±±140140FeFe 2530025300--2630026300 2740027400±±15101510SrSr 103103--114114 23002300±±966966

Rafi Muhammad Chair, CASP GC Rafi Muhammad Chair, CASP GC University LahoreUniversity Lahore


Element Choti Illachi Sounf Bari Illachi Kalonji Huldy Daar Chini Sokha Podina Ajvain White Zeera Mulathi Joshanda Goond

Na 423 1275 656 1979 1459 1866 764 2998 1902 1268 3540 2032

Mg 2535 1568 1405 2913 8041 1694 2089 3879 3183 2050 4205 1506

Al 0 0 0 0 1656 0 411 2287 1194 304 2846 0

Si 10712 5460 7488 4911 10702 5226 24886 11285 6992 4264 30762 2438

P 0 8080 0 0 18909 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

S 380 744 0 0 949 0 2264 1155 900 187 0 0

Cl 972 1907 239 284 771 0 798 4548 3026 0 849 0

K8727 10444 10161 6633 13387 4254 10749 12452 10419 3970 21605 3100

Ca 33850 9534 5774 7932 1520 9535 6873 16591 7669 4172 11961 9465

Sc 0 476 3640 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ti 0 21 0 0 71 52 84 128 33 0 102 0

V 0 0 0 69 140 235 112 146 130 87 114 0

Mn 102 68 225 0 125 369 45 78 0 42 118 40

Fe 120 137 67 96 856 47 207 57 159 250 487 0

Ni 0 0 0 0 28 0 10 0 20 12 23 0

Cu 0 0 0 0 20 0 0 17 0 0 0 0

Zn 23 0 64 41 35 33 12 40 31 14 75 23

Ge 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 61 0

As 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 0 0 0

Br 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 36 0 44

Sr 2234 2209 2422 1922 1865 2299 1931 2280 2007 1311 3780 2318


Element THIS WORK ZAIDI THIS WORK ZAIDIRef. [20]

Element

Na 1460 760±8 1902 4246±4000±300b280±40c

Cl 771 1080±60 3026 8027±21815200±600b1090±30c

_

K 13388 26000±2800 10419 2150±1803.37±0.07b1.60±0.10c

_

Mn 126 29.2±1.8 0 46.4±1.862±7b282±5c

0.21

Fe 856 1039±31 160 825±25680±20b560±50c

0.21

Ni 28 _ 20

Zn 35 20.1±1.3 31.7 41.5±223.4±0.7b19.2±0.7c

0.32

As _ 110±10 50.67 _

COMPARISONTURMERIC CUMIN

Thank youThank you



ACTIVITIES AROUND ACTIVITIES AROUND PELLETRON ACCELERATORPELLETRON ACCELERATOR

ATATGC UNIVERSITY LAHOREGC UNIVERSITY LAHORE

NISAR AHMAD NISAR AHMAD

Rafi Muhammad Chair, Rafi Muhammad Chair, High Tension Lab, CASP GC High Tension Lab, CASP GC

University LahoreUniversity Lahore




http://bp2.blogger.com/_Y1xTrEn3pwg/SId4oBHR9UI/AAAAAAAAAgQ/XCTq61mCzk4/s1600-h/Cockcroft_Walton_Machine.jpg

CAVENDISH LAB 1932CAVENDISH LAB 1932




2 MV PELLETRON ACCELERATOR AT HIGH 2 MV PELLETRON ACCELERATOR AT HIGH TENSION LAB CASP GCU LAHORETENSION LAB CASP GCU LAHORE



PELLETRON ACCELERATORPELLETRON ACCELERATOR

• Maximum Energy for protons 4 MeV, for other Ions 2(n+1) MeV, n being the Ionic Charge

• Ion Sources SNICS & RF• Max Current 2 Micro Ampere • Number of Beam Lines : 2

One for General ExperimentationOther for PIXE

RESEARCHRESEARCH FIELDSFIELDS

•• Isotope Production for Medical ApplicationIsotope Production for Medical Application•• Nuclear Structure Nuclear Structure •• Nuclear ReactionsNuclear Reactions•• Accelerator Mass SpectrometryAccelerator Mass Spectrometry•• Atomic Collisions in MatterAtomic Collisions in Matter•• Modification of Materials Modification of Materials •• Atomic StructureAtomic Structure•• Ion Beam AnalysisIon Beam Analysis


RADIO ISOTOPE PRODUCTION FOR RADIO ISOTOPE PRODUCTION FOR MEDICAL APPLICATIONMEDICAL APPLICATION

IMAGING: IMAGING: POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PET)POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PET)

THERAPY: THERAPY: TO KILL UNWANTED CELLSTO KILL UNWANTED CELLS

IMAGING: IMAGING: 1515 O O (t=2min)(t=2min): BLOOD FLOW STUDIES : BLOOD FLOW STUDIES USIING USIING 1515 O PRODUCED BY O PRODUCED BY 1414 N (d,n) N (d,n) 1515O O REACTION.REACTION.OTHER ISOTOPES: OTHER ISOTOPES: 1111C C (t=20min)(t=20min) 1111B (p,n) B (p,n) 1111C, C, 1818F F (t=110min)(t=110min): : 1818O(p,n) O(p,n) 18F18F

NUCLEAR STRUCTURENUCLEAR STRUCTURE

By pushing the nucleus to limit of stability and using By pushing the nucleus to limit of stability and using increasingly sensitive equipment one can study:increasingly sensitive equipment one can study:

•• Extremely rapid nuclear rotation at the limit of angular Extremely rapid nuclear rotation at the limit of angular momentummomentum

•• Nuclear properties at high temperature at the limit of Nuclear properties at high temperature at the limit of excitation energyexcitation energy

•• Limit of existence of nuclear matterLimit of existence of nuclear matter•• Where does the Table of elements end (neutron proton Where does the Table of elements end (neutron proton

drip limit ) drip limit )

ACCELERATOR MASS SPECTROMETRYACCELERATOR MASS SPECTROMETRY(AMS)(AMS)

COMMONLY USED ISOTOPES:COMMONLY USED ISOTOPES:1414C C (5730a)(5730a) , ,

1010BeBe(1.5ma)(1.5ma) ,,2626AlAl(720ka)(720ka) ,,

3636Cl Cl (301ka)(301ka), , 129129II (15ma)(15ma), , 4141CaCa(103ka)(103ka)

For For 1414C interference comes from C interference comes from 1414N, N, 1313CH, CH, 1212CHCH2 ,2 ,

77LiLi22 which is eliminated in the: which is eliminated in the: •• -- ve ion formationve ion formation•• 1st magnetic deflection1st magnetic deflection•• Stripping ActionStripping Action•• Second magnetic deflectionSecond magnetic deflection

APPLICATIONS OF AMSAPPLICATIONS OF AMS

•• ARCHEOLOGY ARCHEOLOGY •• CAVE ART FROM GROTTE COSQUER , MARSILLES, FRANCE CAVE ART FROM GROTTE COSQUER , MARSILLES, FRANCE 1900019000-- 27000 27000

YEARS OLDYEARS OLD•• ALPS ICE MAN OTZI ALPS ICE MAN OTZI 4546 YEARS4546 YEARS•• SHROUD of TURIN SHROUD of TURIN 1290 1290 –– 1360 AD1360 AD

•• EXPOSURE AGE DATINGEXPOSURE AGE DATING10 10 Be, Be, 2626 Al, Al, 3636 Cl produced on the exposed surface of rocks by the secondary Cl produced on the exposed surface of rocks by the secondary Cosmic rays, neutrons & muons Cosmic rays, neutrons & muons Knowing the production rates of these isotopes the age after firKnowing the production rates of these isotopes the age after first exposure of st exposure of rock can be determined.rock can be determined.

•• ICE CORESICE CORES1010Be & Be & 3636Cl produced in the atmosphere by the Cosmic rays are preserved bCl produced in the atmosphere by the Cosmic rays are preserved by y the polar ice. Nuclear Weapons Tests produce large quantities ofthe polar ice. Nuclear Weapons Tests produce large quantities of 3636Cl which is Cl which is preserved in the ice core.preserved in the ice core.

•• OCEANOGRAPHYOCEANOGRAPHY1414C measurements for world ocean circulation experiment. C measurements for world ocean circulation experiment.


MODIFICATION OF MATERIALSMODIFICATION OF MATERIALS

•• Radiation Damage StudiesRadiation Damage Studies

•• Ion ImplantationIon Implantation

•• Surface Physics StudiesSurface Physics Studies

•• Sputtering Sputtering


ION BEAM ANALYSISION BEAM ANALYSIS

•• Rutherford Backscattering SpectroscopyRutherford Backscattering SpectroscopyWith channelingWith channeling

•• Nuclear Reaction AnalysisNuclear Reaction Analysis

•• Forward recoil SpectroscopyForward recoil Spectroscopy

•• Proton Induced XProton Induced X--Ray Emission (PIXE)Ray Emission (PIXE)

PIXE ANALYSIS OF PIXE ANALYSIS OF SOME MEDICNAL SOME MEDICNAL

HERBSHERBS


ADVANTAGES OF PIXEADVANTAGES OF PIXE•• SENSITIVITY SENSITIVITY

Few parts per billion for more favourable cases like organic Few parts per billion for more favourable cases like organic tissues. Few parts per million for less favourable cases like tissues. Few parts per million for less favourable cases like Mineralogical & Metallurgical samples.Mineralogical & Metallurgical samples.

In absolute terms , for conventional beam of a few mm in In absolute terms , for conventional beam of a few mm in diameter, the detection limit is 10diameter, the detection limit is 10--1111gm and for micro beam the gm and for micro beam the detection limit is 10detection limit is 10--1616 gm.gm.

•• SPEEDSPEEDOnly a few minutes for a sample which may give information Only a few minutes for a sample which may give information

about 10about 10--15 elements.15 elements.

•• NONDESTRUCTIVE ANALYSISNONDESTRUCTIVE ANALYSISNormally a nondestructive techniqueNormally a nondestructive technique


ADVANTAGES OF PIXEADVANTAGES OF PIXE

•• MULTIELEMENT CAPABILITYMULTIELEMENT CAPABILITYEntire periodic table covered with little variation in sensitiviEntire periodic table covered with little variation in sensitivity.ty.

•• SPATIAL RESOLUTIONSPATIAL RESOLUTIONWith Micro PIXE resolution of less than one Micron (10With Micro PIXE resolution of less than one Micron (10--6 6 m) can m) can

be achieved.be achieved.

•• VERSATILITYVERSATILITYCan be used for the analysis of all kind of objects , say from Can be used for the analysis of all kind of objects , say from a a

single blood cell to a large painting.single blood cell to a large painting.


ION ATOM INTERACTIONION ATOM INTERACTION


Rafi Muhammad Chair, CASP Rafi Muhammad Chair, CASP GC University Lahore``GC University Lahore``



PIXE VARIATIONSPIXE VARIATIONS

•• VACUUM PIXEVACUUM PIXE

•• OPEN AIR PIXEOPEN AIR PIXE

•• MICRO PIXEMICRO PIXE


PIXEPIXE


OPEN AIR PIXEOPEN AIR PIXE


MICRO PIXEMICRO PIXE


MANPOWER AT THE HIGH MANPOWER AT THE HIGH TENSION LABTENSION LAB

•• ASSISTANT PROFESSORSASSISTANT PROFESSORSPhysics Physics 22Electrical EngineerElectrical Engineer 11

•• LECTURERS LECTURERS (M.Phil Physics Students)(M.Phil Physics Students) 33

•• SUB ENGINEERSUB ENGINEER 11


ASSIGNMENTSASSIGNMENTS

•• OPERATION OF THE ACCELERATOROPERATION OF THE ACCELERATOR

•• REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE OF THE ACCELERATORREPAIR AND MAINTENANCE OF THE ACCELERATOR

•• RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENTRESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT


ACTIVITIES AROUND PIXEACTIVITIES AROUND PIXE•• R & D BY ACCELERATOR GROUPR & D BY ACCELERATOR GROUP

Environmental Sciences, Archeological ScienceEnvironmental Sciences, Archeological ScienceXX--ray Cross section measurementray Cross section measurement

•• M.Phil/Ph.D PROGRAMMEM.Phil/Ph.D PROGRAMMEOne Ph.D Student from Department of ZologyOne Ph.D Student from Department of ZologyOne M.Phil Student from Department of BotonyOne M.Phil Student from Department of BotonyTwo M.Phil Students from CASPTwo M.Phil Students from CASP

•• COLABORATIVE RESEARCHCOLABORATIVE RESEARCHLahore MuseumLahore MuseumPINSTECHPINSTECH

•• ONE DAY WORKSHOP ON ACTIVITIES AROUND PELLETRON ONE DAY WORKSHOP ON ACTIVITIES AROUND PELLETRON ACCELERATOR, APRIL 8, 2009.ACCELERATOR, APRIL 8, 2009.

•• THREE DAYS NATIONAL CONFRENCE ON RADIATION, PARTICLES THREE DAYS NATIONAL CONFRENCE ON RADIATION, PARTICLES AND MATTER, NOVEMBER 2009.AND MATTER, NOVEMBER 2009.


PUBLICATIONSPUBLICATIONS

•• Proton induced XProton induced X--ray emission ray emission Dr. Nisar Ahmad in 3Dr. Nisar Ahmad in 3rdrd International International Conference on Frontiers of Advanced engineering materials (FAEMConference on Frontiers of Advanced engineering materials (FAEM--08), 08), Organized by PITMAEN, PCSIR, Lahore, held at Pearl continental LOrganized by PITMAEN, PCSIR, Lahore, held at Pearl continental Lahore, ahore, from 15 to 17 December 2008.from 15 to 17 December 2008.

•• Aerosol studies of urban areas of Lahore by using PIXE Aerosol studies of urban areas of Lahore by using PIXE Dr. Nisar Dr. Nisar Ahmad, Athar Naeeem Akhtar, S.M. Haider Aejaz, Shahzad Saadat, MAhmad, Athar Naeeem Akhtar, S.M. Haider Aejaz, Shahzad Saadat, M. . Shahnwaz, presented in 3Shahnwaz, presented in 3rdrd International Conference on Frontiers of International Conference on Frontiers of Advanced engineering materials (FAEMAdvanced engineering materials (FAEM--08), Organized by PITMAEN, PCSIR, 08), Organized by PITMAEN, PCSIR, Lahore, held at Pearl continental Lahore, from 15 to 17 DecemberLahore, held at Pearl continental Lahore, from 15 to 17 December 2008. 2008.

•• Dependence of LDependence of L--Sub shell XSub shell X--Ray intensity ratios of Au and W on Ray intensity ratios of Au and W on proton beam energy proton beam energy Dr. Nisar Ahmad S.M. Haider Aejaz, M. Shahnwaz, Dr. Nisar Ahmad S.M. Haider Aejaz, M. Shahnwaz, presented in 11presented in 11thth National Symposium on frontiers in physics held at GC National Symposium on frontiers in physics held at GC University, Lahore from Janurary 29University, Lahore from Janurary 29--31, 2009.31, 2009.

•• Nuclear application of lasers Nuclear application of lasers Dr. Nisar Ahmad, presented in 11Dr. Nisar Ahmad, presented in 11thth

National Symposium on frontiers in physics held at GC UniversityNational Symposium on frontiers in physics held at GC University, Lahore , Lahore from Janurary 29from Janurary 29--31, 2009.31, 2009.


•• Interaction of 1064 nm, 532 nm and 232 nm radiation pulses from Interaction of 1064 nm, 532 nm and 232 nm radiation pulses from QQ--switch Ndswitch Nd--YAG laser with crystaline silicon YAG laser with crystaline silicon Dr. Nisar Ahmad, Nazar Dr. Nisar Ahmad, Nazar farid, Khaliq Mahmood presented in 11farid, Khaliq Mahmood presented in 11thth National Symposium on frontiers in National Symposium on frontiers in physics held at GC University, Lahore from Janurary 29physics held at GC University, Lahore from Janurary 29--31, 2009.31, 2009.

•• Research around pelletron accelerator Research around pelletron accelerator Dr. Nisar Ahmad, Presented in Dr. Nisar Ahmad, Presented in Pakistan Institute of Physics(PIP), International Conference helPakistan Institute of Physics(PIP), International Conference held at UET, d at UET, Lahore, from 23Lahore, from 23--26 Feb 2009.26 Feb 2009.

•• Investigation of minerals contents of some verities of powder miInvestigation of minerals contents of some verities of powder milk lk by PIXE by PIXE Dr. Nisar Ahmad, Athar Naeem Akhtar, S.M. Haider Aejaz, Dr. Nisar Ahmad, Athar Naeem Akhtar, S.M. Haider Aejaz, Shahzad Saadat, M. Shahnwaz, presented at the Pakistan InstituteShahzad Saadat, M. Shahnwaz, presented at the Pakistan Institute of of Physics Internation Conference held at UET, Lahore from 23Physics Internation Conference held at UET, Lahore from 23--26 Feb, 2009.26 Feb, 2009.

•• Research at High Tension Lab CASP GCU Lahore Research at High Tension Lab CASP GCU Lahore Dr. Nisar Ahmad, Dr. Nisar Ahmad, presented at One Day Workshop On activities Around Pelletron Accpresented at One Day Workshop On activities Around Pelletron Accelerator elerator held at GC University, Lahore on April 8, 2009.held at GC University, Lahore on April 8, 2009.







Gold LGold L--XX--rays Cross Section Measurementrays Cross Section Measurement


THANKS THANKS

APPLICATIONS OF PIXEAPPLICATIONS OF PIXE

•• AEROSOLE STUDIESAEROSOLE STUDIES

•• ARCHEOLOGICAL STUDIESARCHEOLOGICAL STUDIES

•• BIOMEDICAL STUDIESBIOMEDICAL STUDIES

•• GEOLOGICAL STUDIESGEOLOGICAL STUDIES

•• FORENSIC SCIENCESFORENSIC SCIENCES


ANALYSIS OF FREE FALL AEROSOL COLLECTED FROM ANALYSIS OF FREE FALL AEROSOL COLLECTED FROM TREE LEAVES FROM VARIOUS LOCALITIES OF LAHORETREE LEAVES FROM VARIOUS LOCALITIES OF LAHORE


ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT COLOURS USED FOR ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT COLOURS USED FOR THE DECORATIVE WORK OF CHOUBURJITHE DECORATIVE WORK OF CHOUBURJI



AEROSOLE PARTICLE SIZE AEROSOLE PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTIONDISTRIBUTION


AIR SAMPLERSAIR SAMPLERS

•• 1. PARTICLE SIZE FRACTIONATION 1. PARTICLE SIZE FRACTIONATION -->>

•• 2. TIME RESOLUTION2. TIME RESOLUTION




CONCENTRATION OF ESSENTIAL CONCENTRATION OF ESSENTIAL TRACE ELEMENTS IN TISSUETRACE ELEMENTS IN TISSUE

ELEMENTS BLOOD PLASMA LIVER KIDNEY

CrMnCoCuZnScMo

0.020.010.0011.11.80.10.2

0.011.40.06

7500.71

0.010.90.01

3500.10.01

SAMPLE PREPARATIONSAMPLE PREPARATION

PIXE ANALYSIS OF BIOMEDICAL PIXE ANALYSIS OF BIOMEDICAL SAMPLESSAMPLES

•• TRACE ELEMENT REPRESENTATIVES:TRACE ELEMENT REPRESENTATIVES:BLOOD SERUM, HAIRBLOOD SERUM, HAIR

•• DETECTION LIMIT:DETECTION LIMIT:NORMAL SAMPLENORMAL SAMPLE 1 ppm1 ppmLyophilized SampleLyophilized Sample 0.01 ppm0.01 ppm

•• SENSITIVITY:SENSITIVITY:BRAIN TISSUE LESS THAN 100 MICROGRAMSBRAIN TISSUE LESS THAN 100 MICROGRAMSSWEAT SAMPLE FROM CYSTIC FIBROSIS PATIENT 0.5 MICROLSWEAT SAMPLE FROM CYSTIC FIBROSIS PATIENT 0.5 MICROL

•• SPEED:SPEED:FOR A SINGLE PROJECT 1500 SAMPLES FOR 10FOR A SINGLE PROJECT 1500 SAMPLES FOR 10--15 ELEMENTS 15 ELEMENTS ANALYZEDANALYZED


DISEASES AND TRACE ELEMENTDISEASES AND TRACE ELEMENT

DISEASES LEADS TO CHANGE IN TRACE ELEMENT DISEASES LEADS TO CHANGE IN TRACE ELEMENT CONCENTRATIONCONCENTRATION

•• RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS Cu INCREASES Zn DECREASESCu INCREASES Zn DECREASES(Gold salt injection used to decrease the Cu concentration)(Gold salt injection used to decrease the Cu concentration)

•• CORONARY ARTERY DISEASECORONARY ARTERY DISEASE Cr level decreases in plasma by a Cr level decreases in plasma by a factor of tenfactor of ten

•• REYES SYNDROME REYES SYNDROME (ACUTE ILLNESS IN CHILDREN)(ACUTE ILLNESS IN CHILDREN)

Se and Cu decrease in serum and Se and Cu decrease in serum and liverliverFe and Zn increases in serum Fe and Zn increases in serum


K, Ca, Ni DISTRIBUTION IN HAND SECTIONED K, Ca, Ni DISTRIBUTION IN HAND SECTIONED METAL ACCUMULATING HYBANTHUS METAL ACCUMULATING HYBANTHUS

FLORIBUNDUS PLANT LEAFFLORIBUNDUS PLANT LEAF


K, Ni DISTRIBUTION IN A NEURON ISOLATED K, Ni DISTRIBUTION IN A NEURON ISOLATED FROM A GRASSHOPPER BRAIN FEEDING ON Ni FROM A GRASSHOPPER BRAIN FEEDING ON Ni

ACCUMULATING PLANT ACCUMULATING PLANT



Fe CONCENTRATION IN HUMAN Fe CONCENTRATION IN HUMAN LEUKEMIA CELL BY MICRO PIXELEUKEMIA CELL BY MICRO PIXE





Some PIXE Based Research PapersSome PIXE Based Research PapersPublished in 2007Published in 2007

•• Relationship between soil composition and the distribution of Relationship between soil composition and the distribution of three Manfreda (Agavaceae) in Mexico.three Manfreda (Agavaceae) in Mexico.

•• Effects on the Elemental Concentration in Tree Ring Growth due tEffects on the Elemental Concentration in Tree Ring Growth due to o popocatepetl Volcano Exhalations.popocatepetl Volcano Exhalations.

•• Microbeam Analysis of yellow Sand Dust Particles.Microbeam Analysis of yellow Sand Dust Particles.•• Detection of Atmospheric Aerosol Sources in the City of SDetection of Atmospheric Aerosol Sources in the City of Saao Paulo, o Paulo,

by PIXE Analysis.by PIXE Analysis.•• The Use of Biomonitors and PIXE Analysis in the Study of Air The Use of Biomonitors and PIXE Analysis in the Study of Air

Pollution in Mexico city.Pollution in Mexico city.•• Atmospheric Levels And Elemental Composition of Fine And Coarse Atmospheric Levels And Elemental Composition of Fine And Coarse

Aerosols During Wet And Dry Season Campaigns At Two Sites in Aerosols During Wet And Dry Season Campaigns At Two Sites in Tanzania.Tanzania.

•• PIXE and PIXE and μμ--PIXE Analysis of Biological records in Environmental PIXE Analysis of Biological records in Environmental Studies.Studies.

•• Intercomparison of Aeolian Dust Elemental Concentrations Via Intercomparison of Aeolian Dust Elemental Concentrations Via PIXE And ICPPIXE And ICP--AES.AES.

Research At SDSC GCUResearch At SDSC GCU•• Research Focus on Environmental Health and Urbanization, Research Focus on Environmental Health and Urbanization,

Economics of Natural Resources, Conservation and Economics of Natural Resources, Conservation and restoration Ecology.restoration Ecology.Followings are the research topics carried out at M.phil and Followings are the research topics carried out at M.phil and P.hD level:P.hD level:

•• An investigation into Attributes of two Climatic Climax An investigation into Attributes of two Climatic Climax Species of Natural Thorn forest.Species of Natural Thorn forest.

•• An investigation into the Competitive Abilities of an Exotic An investigation into the Competitive Abilities of an Exotic Plant (Parthenium husterophorus L.) In Comparison With Plant (Parthenium husterophorus L.) In Comparison With Indigenous Colonizer Plants in the Suburbs of Lahore.Indigenous Colonizer Plants in the Suburbs of Lahore.

•• Monitoring the Relicts Stands and Rehabilitating Natural Monitoring the Relicts Stands and Rehabilitating Natural Thorn Forest Species on Derelict Site at the Archaeological Thorn Forest Species on Derelict Site at the Archaeological Mound of harappa.Mound of harappa.

•• Studies on the Effective Port of Entry of Lead Air pollutant Studies on the Effective Port of Entry of Lead Air pollutant and its Effects on Plant Growth.and its Effects on Plant Growth.

•• A Study on the Performance and Adaptability of old Exotic A Study on the Performance and Adaptability of old Exotic Trees of BaghTrees of Bagh--EE--Jinnah Lahore.Jinnah Lahore.



•• A Study of Growth Strategies and Response to Fertilizers on A Study of Growth Strategies and Response to Fertilizers on Ocimum Ocimum basilicumbasilicum L. and L. and Ocimum sanctumOcimum sanctum L.L.

•• Investgation into the Establishment of Tamarix aphylla L. And SuInvestgation into the Establishment of Tamarix aphylla L. And Suaeda aeda fruticosa Euras. On the solid waste of Ittehad Chemicals.fruticosa Euras. On the solid waste of Ittehad Chemicals.

•• Effect of Sewage Sludge on the growth and yield of Brassica rapaEffect of Sewage Sludge on the growth and yield of Brassica rapa, Spinacea , Spinacea oleracea and pisum sativum.oleracea and pisum sativum.

•• A Study on the Impact of Existing Sewage system on the EnvironmeA Study on the Impact of Existing Sewage system on the Environment of Pin nt of Pin Dadan Khan City.Dadan Khan City.

•• Seasonal Monitoring of Water Quality of River Ravi and ProposingSeasonal Monitoring of Water Quality of River Ravi and ProposingImprovements By Using Contigent ValuationImprovements By Using Contigent Valuation

•• Monitoring and Study of Effluent of Bata industry, Bata Pur and Monitoring and Study of Effluent of Bata industry, Bata Pur and its effects its effects Growth and Yield of Wheat Cultivars.Growth and Yield of Wheat Cultivars.

•• Population Echology of some Medicinal Plants of Malumjaba, Swat Population Echology of some Medicinal Plants of Malumjaba, Swat Pakistan.Pakistan.•• Studies on the Impact of Ambient Air Pollution on the ProductiviStudies on the Impact of Ambient Air Pollution on the Productivity and ty and

Natural Quality of some Oilseed Crops.Natural Quality of some Oilseed Crops.•• An Investigation into the Refinement of Restoration Techniques fAn Investigation into the Refinement of Restoration Techniques for the or the

Rehabilitation of Natural Thorn Forest Species on a Derelict SitRehabilitation of Natural Thorn Forest Species on a Derelict Site.e.•• Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Salvadora oeloidesSalvadora oeloides in Pakistan.in Pakistan.•• Studies on the Impact of Ambient Air Pollution on the growth andStudies on the Impact of Ambient Air Pollution on the growth and Yield of Yield of

some Cultivars of Green Grams and Kidney Beans.some Cultivars of Green Grams and Kidney Beans.•• An Investigation into the Growth Strategies and speed of spread An Investigation into the Growth Strategies and speed of spread of an of an

Invasive Exotic Plant, Invasive Exotic Plant, Parthenium hysterophorusParthenium hysterophorus L. in Punjab, pakistan.L. in Punjab, pakistan.

•• Studies on the Effective port of Lead and Cadmium in Plants and Studies on the Effective port of Lead and Cadmium in Plants and their Transfer to Food Chain.their Transfer to Food Chain.

•• Rapid Assessment of Community Protected Areas in Three Globally Rapid Assessment of Community Protected Areas in Three Globally Significant Ecosystems of Pakistan. Significant Ecosystems of Pakistan.



Nd: YAG LASERNd: YAG LASER

•• Repetition Rate 10 HZRepetition Rate 10 HZ

•• Pulse Energy 1200 mj at 1.06 micronPulse Energy 1200 mj at 1.06 micron

•• Pulse duration 4Pulse duration 4--6 ns6 ns

•• Beam Dia 10 mmBeam Dia 10 mm

•• Beam Divergence 0.45 mrBeam Divergence 0.45 mr


LASER CHARACTERISTICSLASER CHARACTERISTICS

•• Low Beam Divergence (10Low Beam Divergence (10--3 3 radians)radians)

•• Monochromatic (1kHZ)Monochromatic (1kHZ)

•• CoherenceCoherence

•• High PowerHigh Power


INTERACTION OF LASER RADIATION INTERACTION OF LASER RADIATION WITH MATTERWITH MATTER

watts/cmwatts/cm22

•• Surface Modification 10Surface Modification 1033--101055

•• Melting 10Melting 1055--101066

•• Evaporation 10Evaporation 1066--101077

•• Plasma Formation 10Plasma Formation 1088--101099 & above& above•• Nuclear Effects 10Nuclear Effects 102020


LASER RESEARCH PROGRAMMELASER RESEARCH PROGRAMME

•• Laser Material ProcessingLaser Material Processing

•• Laser SpectroscopyLaser Spectroscopy

•• Laser Induced Breakdown StudiesLaser Induced Breakdown Studies

•• Laser Ablation StudiesLaser Ablation Studies

•• Development of LasersDevelopment of Lasers



RESEARCH AROUND RESEARCH AROUND EXPERIMENTAL FACILITIES AT EXPERIMENTAL FACILITIES AT

CASPCASP

DR NISAR AHMADDR NISAR AHMADS.IS.I



1 .0 1 .5 2 .0 2 .5 3 .00 .3

0 .4

0 .5

0 .6

0 .7

0 .8

0 .9

(E x p t) (C a m p b e l) (K ra u s e )

Lγ/Lα

P ro to n E n erg y (M eV )F ig .5 V aria tio n o f L β /Lα fo r G o ld (Au ) w ith exc itin g p ro to n en erg y


0.5 1 .0 1 .5 2 .0 2 .5 3 .0 3 .50 .00

0 .01

0 .02

0 .03

0 .04

0 .05

0 .06

0 .07

0 .08

0 .09

0 .10

0 .11

0 .12Lγ

/Lα

P ro to n E n e rg y ︵M e V ︶F ig .4 V a r ia t io n o f L γ /Lα fo r G o ld ︵A u ︶w ith e xc it in g p ro to n e n e rg y

(Expt) (Cam pbel) (Krause)


1 .0 1 .5 2 .0 2 .5 3 .00 .3

0 .4

0 .5

0 .6

0 .7

0 .8

0 .9

1 .0

(E xp t) (C am p b el) (K rau se)

Lβ/Lα

Proton Energy (M eV)F ig . Variation o f Lβ /Lα fo r Tungston (W ) w ith exciting pro ton energy


2 .0 2 .2 2 .4 2 .6 2 .8 3 .00 .0 0

0 .1 5

0 .3 0

0 .4 5

(E x p t) (C a m p b e l) (K ra u s e )

Lβ/Lα

P ro to n E n erg y (M eV )F ig . V aria tio n o f L γ /Lα fo r T u n g sto n (W ) w ith exc itin g p ro to n en erg y




RESEARCH AROUND 2 MeV RESEARCH AROUND 2 MeV PELLETRON ACCELERATORPELLETRON ACCELERATOR

ATATGC UNIVERSITY LAHOREGC UNIVERSITY LAHORE

NISAR AHMAD NISAR AHMAD

Rafi Muhammad Chair, Rafi Muhammad Chair, High Tension Lab, CASP GC High Tension Lab, CASP GC

University LahoreUniversity Lahore


EXPERIMENTAL FACILITIES EXPERIMENTAL FACILITIES AT AT

CENTRE FOR ADVANCED STUDIES IN CENTRE FOR ADVANCED STUDIES IN PHYSICSPHYSICS

(CASP)(CASP)•• 2 2 MeVMeV PelletronPelletron AcceleratorAccelerator•• Pulsed Pulsed NdNd: YAG laser: YAG laser•• Transmission Electron MicroscopeTransmission Electron Microscope•• (120 (120 KeVKeV , Magnification 600,000, EDS , Magnification 600,000, EDS

available) available) •• Scanning Electron MicroscopeScanning Electron Microscope•• Scanning Probe MicroscopeScanning Probe Microscope•• Atomic Force MicroscopeAtomic Force Microscope•• Mechanical Testing MachinesMechanical Testing Machines

RafiRafi Muhammad Chair, CASP Muhammad Chair, CASP GC University LahoreGC University Lahore

Documents

ADVANTAGES OF PIXE - Abdus Salam Centre for · PDF fileTENSION LAB CASP GCU LAHORE Rafi Muhammad Chair, CASP GC University Lahore. ... With Micro PIXE resolution of less than one Micron