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d o n ‘ t c r a c k u n d e r p r e s s u r e 14/2003PE100+ Association
d o n ‘ t c r a c k u n d e r p r e s s u r e
Advantages of high quality PE pipe materials
Turkey Seminar - April 3, 2003
by Robin Bresser / PE100+ Association
d o n ‘ t c r a c k u n d e r p r e s s u r e 24/2003PE100+ Association
Creating value in Pipe - basic human needsn Water supplyn Energy supply (gas, oil, hot water)n Sewage disposaln Telecom
Roman times . . . . . . and today
d o n ‘ t c r a c k u n d e r p r e s s u r e 34/2003PE100+ Association
In Europe, PE&PP pipes have an impressive track record
1950’s - first PE pressure pipe installed
1970’s - second generation PE for water and gas
- crosslinked PE (PEX) for hot water
1980’s - PP pipe systems for new applications
1990’s - bimodal PE100 introduced
- higher pressures and larger pipes
- PO pipe markets grow at 6%
2000 - high momentum into the new millennium
d o n ‘ t c r a c k u n d e r p r e s s u r e 44/2003PE100+ Association
Key success factor for PE pipes:Flexibility
n Long lengths in coils
n Curving trenches
n Modern installation techniques– relining– horizontal drilling– plowing in
d o n ‘ t c r a c k u n d e r p r e s s u r e 54/2003PE100+ Association
Key success factor for PE pipes:Weldability
n Cost effective butt welding
n Safe and practicalelectrofusion
n Leak tight pipeline– earthquakes– ground movement– tree roots
d o n ‘ t c r a c k u n d e r p r e s s u r e 64/2003PE100+ Association
Key success factor for PE pipes:Water neutrality
n No corrosion
n Neutral towards drinkingwater
n No encrustation
n Low coefficient of friction
d o n ‘ t c r a c k u n d e r p r e s s u r e 74/2003PE100+ Association
Key success factor for PE pipes:Positive image
n Innovation / new generations
n High level of standards
n Safe for gas transportation
n Environmentally friendly
n 100 years reference design time
> PE100
PE100
PE80
PE63
PE32
50’ 60’ 70’ 80’ 90’ 2000
Material classification
LD
HD
MD/HD
HD/MD
HD
d o n ‘ t c r a c k u n d e r p r e s s u r e 84/2003PE100+ Association
Water distribution mains and service pipes
PE80, flexible MDPEdistribution network
PE100, water main
d o n ‘ t c r a c k u n d e r p r e s s u r e 94/2003PE100+ Association
Water pipe mains >180mm - material trends Germany
S ources: CDC 1999
100
80
60
40
20
0
ConcreteFR PSteelDuctilePE100PE80PVC
1996 1998 2000 2002
%
Strong PE penetration is foreseen i n the d iameters above 180 m m
d o n ‘ t c r a c k u n d e r p r e s s u r e 104/2003PE100+ Association
Typical estimated installation cost for water pipe
100150200250300350400450500550
160 200 250 315 400
PE100PE80Ductile Iron
Pipe diameter (mm)
Index
d o n ‘ t c r a c k u n d e r p r e s s u r e 114/2003PE100+ Association
Earthquake pipe failure statistics: Armenia, Colombia
Material Installation Length(km)
Failures per km
PVC (water) 99,95 0,80
Ductile iron (water) 5,69 0,00
Asbestos cement (water) 221,9 0.95
Steel reinforced concrete (water) 1,14 0.00
Galvanised steel (water) 3,81 0,52
Cast iron (water) 1,03 0,97
Polyethylene (gas) 115,13 0.00
Sources: EPA Colombia, March 1999 and Gases del Quindio E.S.P. Colombia, 1999
d o n ‘ t c r a c k u n d e r p r e s s u r e 124/2003PE100+ Association
Slow CrackGrowth (SCG)
Rapid CrackPropagation (RCP)
Balance of mechanical properties
Long Term Hydrostatic Strength (MRS)
d o n ‘ t c r a c k u n d e r p r e s s u r e 134/2003PE100+ Association
Dispersion of additives
Microscope photo of pipe made of natural resin and master batch(100X magnification)
d o n ‘ t c r a c k u n d e r p r e s s u r e 144/2003PE100+ Association
Drinking water quality
Rigorous oganoleptic testing of pipes and granules
d o n ‘ t c r a c k u n d e r p r e s s u r e 154/2003PE100+ Association
Test on real pipe systems to confirm quality
d o n ‘ t c r a c k u n d e r p r e s s u r e 164/2003PE100+ Association
Minimum safety factor of 1,25 for water allowed because:
Experience with extrapolation methods n
Documented, ready made compoundsn
Combination of tests done on pipe and compoundsn
System standards (Type test, PVT, BRT)n
Positive track recordn
SAMPLE!
d o n ‘ t c r a c k u n d e r p r e s s u r e 174/2003PE100+ Association
Australia case: quality pipes for long lifetimes
d o n ‘ t c r a c k u n d e r p r e s s u r e 184/2003PE100+ Association
Hammersley water transportation project, Australia:project requirements
n Supply of water to a large, remote ironborefield
n Water requirements of 200 l/s
n 60 km of 500 mm pipeline(3000 tons of PE100 material)
n Very stony, uneven and hot terrain
n Corrosive soil and alkaline water
n 20 years service life with low maintenance
d o n ‘ t c r a c k u n d e r p r e s s u r e 194/2003PE100+ Association
Hammersley water transportation project, Australia:cost effective installation
d o n ‘ t c r a c k u n d e r p r e s s u r e 204/2003PE100+ Association
Hammersley water transportation project, Australia:trouble free operation
n Hammersley is generally happy withtheir choice of pipe material
n Very few maintenance stopsrepair minor welding problems
n No problems with the pipe materialsteel pipeline estimated lifetime: 6 months
n Pipeline has been in operation since 1995
d o n ‘ t c r a c k u n d e r p r e s s u r e 214/2003PE100+ Association
Case Story: Indian PE pipe history and relaunch
AP province ban in 1982 and stagnation
in November 2000MumbaiHyderabad (AP province)
HDPE pipes introduced in 1969 followed by decade of steady growth to 35 ktonsn
Poor quality pipes in marketpoor uv stabilisationunsuitable master batchno technical support
n
Brittle failures resulted in loss of confidence,n
Two high profile PO pipe seminarsn
Establishment of Indian Polyolefin Pipe Association in progress n
d o n ‘ t c r a c k u n d e r p r e s s u r e 224/2003PE100+ Association
Weak or poorly enforced raw material standards: everybody loses
PolymerProducer
CommoditisationLimited commitmentLimited development
PipeProducer
ClaimsReputationCommoditisation
Designer/Consultant
Unclear design conditions ReputationLoss of confidence
Infrastr.Owner
Water quality/loss Loss of confidenceRepair/maintenance costs
Consumer
Poor water quality Loss of supplyRepair time & damage
d o n ‘ t c r a c k u n d e r p r e s s u r e 234/2003PE100+ Association
Conclusion and outlook for the future
n PE pipe industry will remain strongly committed to the watersegment
n PE water pipe systems have had very strong growth and animpressive track record
n High level of standards and approvals are critical to sustainthis growth