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Advancing Utilization of Manure Methane Digester
Funding for this project was recommended by the Legislative Commission on Minnesota Resources
from the Minnesota Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund ($204, 375)
Haubenschild Dairy Farm Energy Production
Princeton, Minnesota
Milk Production + Crop Production + Electrical Production + Future
Hydrogen Production
= Farm Income Diversification
Plug-Flow Digester - A small “plug” of slurry is pumped into one end each day, causing a comparable amount to flow out of the other end into the storage basin in the background.
Methane Digester: To breakdown organic matter in the absence of oxygen to biogas, which is primarily CH4/methane, CO2/carbon dioxide, H2S/hydrogen sulfide, and water vapor.
View of digester, barn and engine generator building at time of installation in 1999.
Engine Generator set:
Internal combustion
engine with 135 kW 240 VAC
electrical generator.
Biogas Production Used in Generator
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
09/17/99 09/16/00 09/16/01 09/17/02 09/17/03 09/17/04
Date
Biogas Produced
(ft3/day)
Comparison of Fuel Cell and a Genset Utilizing Biogas
Philip R. Goodrich PE, David Nelson PE, Richard Huelskamp, David Schmidt PE*, R. Vance Morey from Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, University of Minnesota.
Dennis Haubenschild from Haubenschild Farms, Princeton MN
Matthew Drewitz, Paul Burns, fromMinnesota Department of Agriculture
Other participants in this project include:
• Amanda Bilik, The Minnesota Project, • Verlyn Johnson and Blanca Martinez, BAE • Henry Fischer, East Central Energy. • Rob Lowen, Plug Power, Inc. • Jamie Tooley, CES-Landtec Engineering• Don White, Donaldson Corp.
Objective:
To demonstrate the feasibility
of converting biogas to electrical energy
using a commercially
available fuel cell.
Challenges to using biogas
for a fuel cellHydrogen sulfide removal
Initial concentration 3000-5000 ppmNeed concentration < 25 ppb
Moisture removalNeed dry gasDewpoint < -30 degrees Celsius
Carbon dioxide removalNeed concentration < 5 ppm
The building at the left houses the 135 kW engine generator and the building on the right houses the fuel cell and instrumentation. One barn is to the right rear of the picture
Fuel Cell: Uses hydrogen to
generate electricity without
combustion. Output is 5 kW at 120 VAC
A fuel cell is similar to a car battery in that it produces electricity
through electrochemical reactions. A fuel cell produces electricity as long as
the hydrogen fuel source and oxygen passes
through it.
Heat is also produced and can be utilized for space heating and hot water needs.
Electricity conversion efficiency is around 25%
The energy resources for hydrogen can be biogas, natural gas, propane, methanol, ethanol, and other hydrogen based liquids or gases.
From Plug Power Fuel Cell Software Screen
Cost per kilowatt is very high.$10,000 -->20,000 per
kW
Biogas must be cleaned up to strict specifications. Adds cost and complexity while consuming energy.
Fuel cell is an emerging technology.
Comparing Electrical Generator Technologies
Engine Generator System
Cost per kilowatt is low. $50 -->100 per kW
Biogas can be used directly from the digester with no cleanup.
ICE is mature technology.
Fuel Cell System
Greenhouse emissions and particulates are very low.
System is very quiet.
Few moving parts.
Cost of maintenance is unknown.
Fuel cell technology is continuously improving at a rapid rate.
Comparing Electrical Generator Technologies
Engine Generator System
Greenhouse emissions of CO2, SO2, CO and particulates are significant.
Noise level is very high and sound mitigation is necessary.
Many moving parts, most moving in a hot environment needing oil and cooling.
Maintenance is well known.
Technology is mature and changing slowly.
Fuel Cell System
Biogas Clean Up
Emissions from Haubenschild Generator Compared to Plug Power™
Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell
( 799ppmv) 4.18 g/kWh
(2963 ppmv) 25.5 g/kWh
(277 ppmv) 3.34 g/kWh
(2.46 ppmv) 53 g/kWh
( <1 ppmv) 0.014 g/kWh
(<1 ppmv) <.0023 g/kWh
(<1 ppmv) <0.030 g/kWh
(1790 ppmv) 14.5 g/kWh
Fuel CellEngine Generator
CO
NOx
SOX
CX HY
Energy Production +
Organic Fertilizer +
Net Air Emissions
=
$nergy Income +
$avings +
Environment Impact Reduction
Thank you
Rich Huelskamp
Advancing Utilization of Manure Methane Digester
Funding for this project was recommended by the Legislative Commission on Minnesota Resources from the Minnesota Environment
and Natural Resources Trust Fund