Advances in High-speed Rail Technology

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Youtong Fang • Yuehong (Helen) ZhangEditors

China’s High-Speed RailTechnologyAn International Perspective

123

EditorsYoutong FangZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina

Yuehong (Helen) ZhangZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina

ISSN 2363-5010 ISSN 2363-5029 (electronic)Advances in High-speed Rail TechnologyISBN 978-981-10-5609-3 ISBN 978-981-10-5610-9 (eBook)https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5610-9

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Foreword

The steam locomotive was first developed by Richard Trevithick in 1804, butseveral significant advances were made before its use on the Stockton andDarlington Railway in 1825, closely followed by the first true intercity railway inthe world, between Liverpool and Manchester in 1830. George Stephenson and hisson Robert were intimately associated with these early railways, so perhapsunsurprisingly, but not quite accurately, George Stephenson is known worldwide asthe father of the railways. The railway rapidly became the most important masstransportation system because of its convenience, speed, efficiency, and considerableeconomic advantage over other existing but much slower modes. Although manyimprovements took place in the succeeding century, by the early 1960s, the railwaygenerally was in decline in competition with, principally, the automobile. But in1964, the opening of Japanese Tokaido Shinkansen marked the entry into the worldof high-speed rail operating at high capacity and the rebirth of the railway. Modernhigh-speed rail technology assembles the world’s advanced techniques in materialscience, control science, advanced manufacturing, electrical science and computing,which has made a big difference in safety, comfort, and speed compared with tra-ditional railway technology, and has significantly changed people’s travel habits andview of space and time.

The introduction of the railway to China was slow and tentative. A merchantcalled Durand from Britain built the 500 m of track in Beijing in 1865 as ademonstration. However, it was soon demolished by the Qing government as it wassaid to “have scared the dragon” and was not good for Fengshui. After several otherabortive attempts, the first railway between Beijing and Jingzhang, about 200 km,was opened in 1909. However, even a century later in the early 2000s, there wasstill great gap between China and other developed countries in terms of per capitarailway mileage and overall technical level of railways. Although a high share ofgoods and many people were transported by rail, capacity was a major constraint.For example, at times such as the Spring Festival, the railway supply can hardlymatch the enormous demand. To solve the problems, Chinese enterprises have setout to introduce high-speed rail technology from Japan, Germany, France, andCanada under the organization of the Ministry of Railways since 2004. And on the

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basis of that, they have developed their own high-speed rail system of research,design, manufacture, construction, operation, and maintenance. In 2008, theBeijing-Tianjin intercity line opened. After that, Wuhan-Guangzhou,Beijing-Shanghai, and some other 350 km/h high-speed railway openedsuccessively. Nowadays, both the scale and the speed indicators of China’shigh-speed rail have reached an advanced level in world. The new high-speed linelength of 20,000 km now exceeds the total length of high-speed line in the restof the world combined and is due to top 38,000 km by 2025. In total, China nowhas the second largest railway network in the world and the railway is firmly inplace as the preferred mode of transport over longer distances in China. Theachievements of the last 20 years or so have been phenomenal and deserve to beunderstood and appreciated by wide audiences throughout the world. It is my hopethat this book will go some way to achieving this.

Professor Youtong Fang is an expert in the field of railway traction power, aswell as my old friend in this industry. The permanent magnet traction motor hedesigned for the 350 km/h high-speed railway has been adopted, and theenergy-saving effect is remarkable according to the test results of the line. At thesame time, Prof. Fang participated in the organization of China’s high-speed railtechnology innovation. In 2010, Helen Zhang, the Chief Editor of Journal ofZhejiang University-SCIENCE A: Applied Physics & Engineering (JZUS-A), whohas been concerned about the progress of high-speed rail technology in China,invited Prof. Fang as a guest editor, soliciting the first special issue about Chinesehigh-speed rail. Right during this period, the Yongwentai railway accident occurredon July 23, 2011, which caused various international comments about thehigh-speed rail technology of China. In December of the same year, under Prof.Fang’ s organization, JZUS-A published the first special issue in English on China’shigh-speed railway technology, followed by another three special issues onhigh-speed rail of China, which aroused considerable interest throughout the world.

In 2014, Prof. Fang invited me to visit the China CSR, Qingdao Sifang, ChinaTonghao Group, Zhejiang University, and Beijing Jiaotong University. Also, wetook the high-speed train from Hangzhou to Beijing. By sharing viewpoints withChinese scholars, and from my perspective of studying railway for many years, Iwrote an article called “Background of recent developments of passenger railwaysin China, the UK and other European countries,” in which I commented that thehigh-speed train system has tremendous advantages in increasing the efficiency andconvenience of transport without adding to carbon generation. It consists of a briefintroduction to the history and comparisons of railways in the UK and China, adescription of rail speedup in the last few decades in the UK, and notes of currenthigh-speed trains. Similar brief details are given of high-speed train in Europe. Briefmention is made of comparative railway safety. The development of high-speed railin China is discussed, and the UK high-speed development plan is brieflyintroduced. Later during Prof. Fang’s visit to Britain, he talked to me about his plan,to publish a book which is a compilation of recent studies on high-speed railtechnology in China from an international perspective, after getting the permissionfrom JZUS-A and authors. And the book will contribute to the international

vi Foreword

counterparts. He asked if I would like to write the preface for the book, and I readilyagreed.

This book involves not only a comparison of railway development in China andabroad, such as Europe, the UK, and Japan, but also the strategic thinking of thedevelopment of high-speed rail of China. Furthermore, this book introduces theresearch on the some key technologies, covering various aspects of infrastructure,vehicles, signals, materials, dynamics, traction power supply, transportation orga-nization, and so on. Although it cannot cover everything, this book gives anintroduction of the research and technical work of Chinese scholars, which is veryhelpful for foreign scholars and industry to understand the new technology ofChinese high-speed rail. I hope that the publication of this book is able to attractmore foreign scholars to participate in China’s high-speed rail innovation,especially at the moment when China’s high-speed rail is moving towardinternational prominence. Furthermore, I hope that it will serve to spreadknowledge of China’s recent remarkable railway progress and achievements.

Imperial College LondonJanuary 2017

Roderick A. Smith

Foreword vii

Preface

In 1865, the British merchant Durand constructed China’s first railway in Beijing,starting the research on railway technology in China. In 2002, the “China Star”high-speed train achieved a top speed of 321 km/h in a test run. In just a few years,research in this field is on a fast track and parallel study in the most developedcountries. A new era started in 2008, as symbolized by the first commercialhigh-speed railway from Beijing to Tianjing. In about seven years, 19,000 km ofhigh-speed railway has been built in China, longer than the total length in the restof the world, demonstrating top-rank capability in both research and manufacturing.There is no doubt that this advanced high-speed rail technology could not have beenachieved without the research of the overseas pioneers. At the same time, whatChina now does in high-speed rail promotes development throughout the world. Inother words, academic exchange of high-speed rail technology between China andother countries is of great importance to both China and the rest of the world.

In 2010, Mrs. Helen Zhang, Chief Editor of Journal of ZhejiangUniversity-SCIENCE A: Applied Physics & Engineering (JZUS-A), invited Prof.Youtong Fang, Director of the High-Speed Railway Research Center in ZhejiangUniversity, to be the guest editor in chief for the first special issue of JZUS-A tosummarize cutting-edge high-speed railway technology in China. Up to now, threespecial issues have been published on this topic, and these have aroused worldwideinterest.

Study of the high-speed train itself is at the core of this research, and recentresearch in China has focused on the theory and practice of wheel–rail, fluid–structure, and bow–net interactions. Wei-hua Zhang, Xue-song Jin et al. developedhigh-speed rail wheel–rail dynamics, Yun-min Chen, Xue-cheng Bian et al. carriedout systematic study on subgrade settlement, Xue-ming Shao, Yao Zheng et al.developed the computational fluid mechanics method for the high-speed train,Weihua Zhang et al. analyzed the dynamic performance of the bow–net system,Liang Meng et al. developed the catenary contact wire with higher strength andhigher conductivity, Limin Jia, Qinfen Lu, Xiaoyan Huang, Ping Tan, Gang Chenet al. did excellent research on transportation organization, traction power, com-munication signals, and train intellectualization. The international perspective is

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also highlighted by the comprehensive review on the development of the Chinahigh-speed railway by Prof. Roderick A. Smith, the former Chief Scientific Advisorto Department of Transport, Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering, andSatoru Sone, Professor of Tokyo University, and Associate Director of the JapanRailway Technology Association.

The three special issues summarized not only in-depth research, but also thedevelopment route, especially charting the course of innovation that China hasfollowed in high-speed rail technology. If we could collect all this work in onebook, it would allow our international counterparts to better understand the researchof Chinese scholars, and further promote the academic exchange of ideas anddevelopment. To this end, all the papers come from JZUS-A, and were reprinted inthis book with permission from JZUS-A and Springer, as well as all authors.

I would like to thank the copy editors of the book, Ms. Hanfeng Lin and Ms.Xinxin Zhang. This book could not have been published without their hard work.I am also really grateful to every author—this book is a product of your intelligenceand work. I also need to thank Prof. Roderick A. Smith for writing the foreword.

Finally, the publication of the book has also benefited from the support of theNatural Science Foundation of China (51637009, U1434202, 51477149, 51577166,51507152), the “One belt one road” development open research alliance of scienceand technology, and the China Academy of West Region Development.

Qiushi Garden Youtong FangJanuary 2017

x Preface

Contents

Part I Overview of High-Speed Rail Technology Around the World

Sustainability Development Strategy of China’s High-Speed Rail . . . . . . 3Ping Tan, Ji-en Ma, Jing Zhou and You-tong Fang

Key Problems Faced in High-Speed Train Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Xue-song Jin

Background of Recent Developments of Passenger Railways in China,the UK and Other European Countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47Roderick A. Smith and Jing Zhou

Comparison of the Technologies of the Japanese Shinkansen andChinese High-Speed Railways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67Satoru Sone

Part II Aerodynamics of High-Speed Rail

Unsteady Simulation for a High-Speed Train Entering a Tunnel . . . . . . 91Xin-hua Li, Jian Deng, Da-wei Chen, Fang-fang Xie and Yao Zheng

Aerodynamic Modeling and Stability Analysis of a High-Speed TrainUnder Strong Rain and Crosswind Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105Xue-ming Shao, Jun Wan, Da-wei Chen and Hong-bing Xiong

Numerical Study on the Aerodynamic Performance and Safe Runningof High-Speed Trains in Sandstorms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119Hong-bing Xiong, Wen-guang Yu, Da-wei Chen and Xue-ming Shao

Influence of Aerodynamic Braking on the Pressure Wave of aCrossing High-Speed Train . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133Meng-ling Wu, Yang-yong Zhu, Chun Tian and Wei-wei Fei

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A Numerical Approach to the Interaction Between Airflow and aHigh-Speed Train Subjected to Crosswind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143Tian Li, Ji-ye Zhang and Wei-hua Zhang

Multi-objective Optimization Design Method of the High-Speed TrainHead. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165Meng-ge Yu, Ji-ye Zhang and Wei-hua Zhang

Study on the Safety of Operating High-Speed Railway VehiclesSubjected to Crosswinds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183Xin-biao Xiao, Liang Ling, Jia-yang Xiong, Li Zhou and Xue-song Jin

Part III High-Speed Rail Infrastructure and Material Innovations

A 2.5D Finite Element Approach for Predicting Ground VibrationsGenerated by Vertical Track Irregularities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213Xue-cheng Bian, Chang Chao, Wan-feng Jin and Yun-min Chen

Smart Elasto-Magneto-Electric (EME) Sensors for Stress Monitoringof Steel Structures in Railway Infrastructures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231Yuan-feng Duan, Ru Zhang, Yang Zhao, Siu-wing Or, Ke-qing Fanand Zhi-feng Tang

Recent Research on the Track-Subgrade of High-Speed Railways . . . . . 243Ren-peng Chen, Jin-miao Chen and Han-lin Wang

Microstructure and Properties of Cold Drawing Cu-2.5% Fe-0.2% Crand Cu-6% Fe Alloys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251Guo-huan Bao, Yi Chen, Ji-en Ma, You-tong Fang, Liang Meng,Shu-min Zhao, Xin Wang and Jia-bin Liu

Microstructure and Hardness of Cu-12% Fe Composite at DifferentDrawing Strains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263Xiao-pei Lu, Da-wei Yao, Yi Chen, Li-tian Wang, An-ping Dong,Liang Meng and Jia-bin Liu

Part IV High-Speed Rail Wheel/Rail Dynamics

Modeling of High-Speed Wheel–Rail Rolling Contact on a CorrugatedRail and Corrugation Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279Xin Zhao, Ze-feng Wen, Heng-yu Wang, Xue-song Jin and Min-hao Zhu

A 3D Model for Coupling Dynamics Analysis of High-Speed Train/Track System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309Liang Ling, Xin-biao Xiao, Jia-yang Xiong, Li Zhou, Ze-feng Wenand Xue-song Jin

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Effect of the First Two Wheelset Bending Modes on Wheel–RailContact Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341Shuo-qiao Zhong, Jia-yang Xiong, Xin-biao Xiao, Ze-feng Wenand Xue-song Jin

Influence of Wheel Polygonal Wear on Interior Noise of High-SpeedTrains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373Jie Zhang, Guang-xu Han, Xin-biao Xiao, Rui-qian Wang, Yue Zhaoand Xue-song Jin

Investigation into External Noise of a High-Speed Train at DifferentSpeeds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403Bin He, Xin-biao Xiao, Qiang Zhou, Zhi-hui Li and Xue-song Jin

Effect of Softening of Cement Asphalt Mortar on Vehicle OperationSafety and Track Dynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427Jian Han, Guo-tang Zhao, Xin-biao Xiao, Ze-feng Wen, Qing-hua Guanand Xue-song Jin

Part V Advances in Traction Power Supply and TransportationOrganization Technologies

A Two-Layer Optimization Model for High-Speed Railway LinePlanning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447Li Wang, Li-min Jia, Yong Qin, Jie Xu and Wen-ting Mo

Dynamic Performance of a Pantograph–Catenary System with theConsideration of the Appearance Characteristics ofContact Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467Ning Zhou, Wei-hua Zhang and Rui-ping Li

Design and Reliability, Availability, Maintainability, and SafetyAnalysis of a High Availability Quadruple Vital Computer System . . . .. . . . 481Ping Tan, Wei-ting He, Jia Lin, Hong-ming Zhao and Jian Chu

Design and Analysis of the Hybrid Excitation Rail Eddy Brake Systemof High-Speed Trains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497Ji-en Ma, Bin Zhang, Xiao-yan Huang, You-tong Fang and Wen-ping Cao

Simulation Software for CRH2 and CRH3 Traction Driver SystemsBased on SIMULINK and VC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515Qin-fen Lu, Bin Wang, Xiao-yan Huang, Ji-en Ma, You-tong Fang, Jin Yuand Wen-ping Cao

Electromagnetic Environment Around a High-Speed Railway UsingAnalytical Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527Yong-jian Zhi, Bin Zhang, Kai Li, Xiao-yan Huang, You-tong Fangand Wen-ping Cao

Contents xiii

Optimal Condition-Based Maintenance Strategy Under PeriodicInspections for Traction Motor Insulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541Jian Zhang, Ji-en Ma, Xiao-yan Huang, You-tong Fang and He Zhang

A Combined Simulation of High-Speed Train Permanent MagnetTraction System Using Dynamic Reluctance Mesh Model andSimulink. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 561Xiao-yan Huang, Jian-cheng Zhang, Chuan-ming Sun, Zhang-wen Huang,Qin-fen Lu, You-tong Fang and Li Yao

3D Thermal Analysis of a Permanent Magnet Motor with CoolingFans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577Zheng Tan, Xue-guan Song, Bing Ji, Zheng Liu, Ji-en Maand Wen-ping Cao

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589

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Editors and Contributors

About the Editors

Youtong Fang is a Professor at Zhejiang University. He isChairman of the High-Speed Rail Research Center in ZhejiangUniversity, Deputy Director of the National Intelligent TrainResearch Center, on the committee of the China High-SpeedRail Innovation Plan, and expert of the National 863 Program(China High Technology Development Program) in moderntransportation and advanced carrying technology. He is alsodirector of three projects of the National Natural ScienceFoundation of China (NSFC) and more than ten National 863projects and Technology Support Programs. Recent work hasbeen on electrical machines and drives. His research interestsinclude permanent magnet (PM) machines and drives for tractionapplications.

Yuehong (Helen) Zhang is Chief Editor of the Journal ofZhejiang University-SCIENCE A (Applied Physics andEngineering). Since 2010, under her planning, JZUS-A haspublished three special issues on China’s High-Speed RailwayTechnology. She is also a Board Member of PILA/CrossRef(2014–2017), a Council Member of ALPSP (2011–2016), andVice President of the Society of China University Journals. Shehas often been invited to give speeches at international pub-lishing seminars, including the 4th World Conference onResearch Integrity (www.wcri2015.org). She received a researchgrant from the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) in 2011and has published many papers in international journals,including several short papers in Nature. In 2016, she publishedtwo books: Against Plagiarism: A Guide for Editors andAuthors, published by Springer, and Chinese CulturalKaleidoscope, published by Zhejiang University Press.

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Contributors

Guo-huan Bao Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ZhejiangUniversity, Hangzhou, China

Xue-cheng Bian Department of Civil Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of SoftSoils and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

Wen-ping Cao Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Type, UK

Chang Chao Department of Civil Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of SoftSoils and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

Da-wei Chen National Engineering Laboratory for System Integration ofHigh-Speed Train (South), CSR Qingdao Sifang Co., Ltd, Qingdao, China

Jin-miao Chen Department of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou,China

Ren-peng Chen Department of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University,Hangzhou, China

Yi Chen Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University,Hangzhou, China

Yun-min Chen Department of Civil Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of SoftSoils and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

Jian Chu State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology & Institute ofCyber-Systems and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

Jian Deng School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Zhejiang University,Hangzhou, China

An-ping Dong China Railway Construction Electrification Bureau Group Co.,Ltd., Beijing, China

Yuan-feng Duan College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, ZhejiangUniversity, Hangzhou, China

Ke-qing Fan School of Information Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen,China

You-tong Fang College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University,Hangzhou, China

Wei-wei Fei Research Institute of Railway & Urban Mass Transit, TongjiUniversity, Shanghai, China

Qing-hua Guan State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest JiaotongUniversity, Chengdu, China

xvi Editors and Contributors

Guang-xu Han State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest JiaotongUniversity, Chengdu, China

Jian Han State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest JiaotongUniversity, Chengdu, China

Bin He State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu, China

Wei-ting He State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology & Institute ofCyber-Systems and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

Xiao-yan Huang College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University,Hangzhou, China

Zhang-wen Huang College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University,Hangzhou, China

Bing Ji School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Newcastle University,Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

Li-min Jia State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, BeijingJiaotong University, Beijing, China

Wan-feng Jin Department of Civil Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of SoftSoils and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

Xue-song Jin State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest JiaotongUniversity, Chengdu, China

Kai Li Department of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, ZhejiangUniversity, Hangzhou, China

Rui-ping Li State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest JiaotongUniversity, Chengdu, China

Tian Li State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu, China

Xin-hua Li School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Zhejiang University,Hangzhou, China

Zhi-hui Li State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest JiaotongUniversity, Chengdu, China

Jia Lin State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology & Institute ofCyber-Systems and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

Liang Ling State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest JiaotongUniversity, Chengdu, China

Jia-bin Liu Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ZhejiangUniversity, Hangzhou, China

Editors and Contributors xvii

Zheng Liu School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Newcastle University,Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

Qin-fen Lu College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou,China

Xiao-pei Lu Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ZhejiangUniversity, Hangzhou, China

Ji-en Ma College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou,China

Liang Meng Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ZhejiangUniversity, Hangzhou, China

Wen-ting Mo IBM China Research Lab, Beijing, China

Siu-wing Or Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong PolytechnicUniversity, Hong Kong, China

Yong Qin State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, BeijingJiaotong University, Beijing, China

Xue-ming Shao Department of Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

Roderick A. Smith Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial CollegeLondon, London, UK

Satoru Sone Kogakuin University, Tokyo, Japan

Xue-guan Song School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University ofTechnology, Dalian, China

Chuan-ming Sun CSR Qingdao Sifang Co. Ltd., Qingdao, China

Ping Tan State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology & Institute ofCyber-Systems and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; School ofAutomation and Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science andTechnology, Hangzhou, China

Zheng Tan Power Grid Technology Center, State Grid Jibei Electric Power Co.Ltd Research Institute, Beijing, China

Zhi-feng Tang College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, ZhejiangUniversity, Hangzhou, China

Chun Tian Research Institute of Railway & Urban Mass Transit, TongjiUniversity, Shanghai, China

Jun Wan Department of Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

Bin Wang College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou,China

xviii Editors and Contributors

Han-lin Wang Department of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou,China

Heng-yu Wang State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest JiaotongUniversity, Chengdu, China

Li-tian Wang China Railway Construction Electrification Bureau Group Co.,Ltd., Beijing, China

Li Wang School of Traffic and Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing, China

Rui-qian Wang School of Urban Rail Transit, Changzhou University,Changzhou, China

Xin Wang College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, HangzhouDianzi University, Hangzhou, China

Ze-feng Wen State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest JiaotongUniversity, Chengdu, China

Meng-ling Wu Research Institute of Railway & Urban Mass Transit, TongjiUniversity, Shanghai, China

Xin-biao Xiao State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest JiaotongUniversity, Chengdu, China

Fang-fang Xie School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Zhejiang University,Hangzhou, China

Hong-bing Xiong Department of Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou,China

Jia-yang Xiong State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest JiaotongUniversity, Chengdu, China

Jie Xu State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing JiaotongUniversity, Beijing, China

Da-wei Yao Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ZhejiangUniversity, Hangzhou, China

Li Yao Danfoss (Tianjin) Ltd., Tianjin, China

Jin Yu National Engineering Laboratory for System Integration of High-SpeedTrain (South), CSR Qingdao Sifang Co., Ltd, Qingdao, China

Meng-ge Yu State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest JiaotongUniversity, Chengdu, China

Wen-guang Yu Department of Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

Bin Zhang State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems,Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

Editors and Contributors xix

He Zhang Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University ofNottingham, Nottingham, UK

Ji-ye Zhang State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest JiaotongUniversity, Chengdu, China

Jian-cheng Zhang College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University,Hangzhou, China

Jian Zhang College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou,China

Jie Zhang State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest JiaotongUniversity, Chengdu, China

Ru Zhang College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University,Hangzhou, China

Wei-hua Zhang State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest JiaotongUniversity, Chengdu, China

Guo-tang Zhao State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest JiaotongUniversity, Chengdu 610031, China; China Railway Corporation, Beijing 100844,China

Hong-ming Zhao Zhejiang Insigma-Supcon Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China

Shu-min Zhao College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, HangzhouDianzi University, Hangzhou, China

Xin Zhao State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest JiaotongUniversity, Chengdu, China

Yang Zhao College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University,Hangzhou, China

Yue Zhao State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest JiaotongUniversity, Chengdu, China

Yao Zheng School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Zhejiang University,Hangzhou, China

Yong-jian Zhi College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou,China

Shuo-qiao Zhong State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest JiaotongUniversity, Chengdu, China

Jing Zhou Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London,London, UK; College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou,China

xx Editors and Contributors

Li Zhou State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu, China

Ning Zhou State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest JiaotongUniversity, Chengdu, China

Qiang Zhou State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest JiaotongUniversity, Chengdu, China

Min-hao Zhu State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest JiaotongUniversity, Chengdu, China

Yang-yong Zhu Research Institute of Railway & Urban Mass Transit, TongjiUniversity, Shanghai, China

Editors and Contributors xxi

Copy editors:

Han-feng Lin, Xin-xin ZhangZhejiang University Press, Hangzhou, China

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