[ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY] The Molecular Targets and Therapeutic Uses of Curcumin in Health and Disease Volume 595 ||

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SVNY332-Aggarwal April 16, 2007 13:14

The Molecular Targetsand Therapeutic Usesof Curcumin in Healthand Disease

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ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY

Editorial Board:

NATHAN BACK, State University of New York at Buffalo

IRUN R. COHEN, The Weizmann Institute of Science

DAVID KRITCHEVSKY, Wistar Institute

ABEL LAJTHA, N. S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research

RODOLFO PAOLETTI, University of Milan

Recent Volumes in this Series

Volume 587

NEW TRENDS IN CANCER FOR THE 21st CENTURY

Edited by Antonio Llombart-Bosch, Jose López-Guerrero and Vincenzo Felipe

Volume 588

HYPOXIA AND EXERCISE

Edited by Robert C. Roach, Peter D. Wagner, and Peter H. Hackett

Volume 589

NEURAL CREST INDUCTION AND DIFFERENTIATION

Edited by Jean-Pierre Saint-Jeannet

Volume 590

CROSSROADS BETWEEN INNATE AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY

Edited by Peter D. Katsikis, Bali Pulendran and Stephen P. Schoenberger

Volume 591

SOMATIC CELL NUCLEAR TRANSFER

Edited by Peter Sutovsky

Volume 592

REGULATORY MECHANISMS OF STRIATED MUSCLE CONTRACTION

Edited by Setsuro Ebashi and Iwao Ohtsuki

Volume 593

MICROARRAY TECHNOLOGY AND CANCER GENE PROFILING

Edited by Simone Mocellin

Volume 594

MOLECULAR ASPECTS OF THE STRESS RESPONSE

Edited by Peter Csermely and Laszlo Vigh

Volume 595

THE MOLECULAR TARGETS AND THERAPEUTIC USES OF CURCUMIN

IN HEALTH AND DISEASE

Edited by Bharat B. Aggarwal, Young-Joon Surh and Shishir Shishodia

A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of eachnew volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment. For furtherinformation please contact the publisher.

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Bharat B. AggarwalYoung-Joon SurhShishir Shishodia

Editors

The Molecular Targetsand Therapeutic Usesof Curcumin in Healthand Disease

With 77 Illustrations

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Editors

Bharat B. Aggarwal, Ph.D.Ransom Horne, Jr., Professor of Cancer ResearchProfessor of Cancer Medicine (Biochemistry)

and Chief, Cytokine Research SectionDepartment of Experimental TherapeuticsThe University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center1515 Holcombe Boulevard, BOX 143, Houston, TX 77030, [email protected]

Young-Joon Surh, Ph.D.Chief and ProfessorNational Research Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis

and ChemopreventionCollege of PharmacySeoul National UniversityShillim-dong, Kwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, South [email protected]

Shishir Shishodia, Ph.D.Assistant ProfessorDepartment of BiologyTexas Southern University3100 Cleburne Street, Houston, TX 77004, [email protected]

Library of Congress Control Number: 2006938892

ISBN-13:978-0-387-46400-8 e-ISBN-13:978-0-387-46401-5

Printed on acid-free paper.

C© 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written

permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York,

NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use

in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer

software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden.

The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they

are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are

subject to proprietary rights.

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springer.com

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Dedicated to our gurus and parents whose guidance continues to inspire us!

Sarve bhavantu sukhinah sarve santu niramayahSarve bhadrani pasyantu ma kascid duhkhabhag bhavet

“May all be happy; may all be healthy;may all enjoy prosperity; may none suffer.”

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PREFACE

The subject of this monograph, curcumin, which gives the yellow color to turmeric,best known as Haridra in Sanskrit (means dear to Hari or Lord Krishna). Turmericis known by several synonyms related to its appearance or use, including Pita(yellow, leading to the name Peethamber dhari for Lord Krishna based on wearingonly yellow clothes), Gauri (brilliant), Kanchani (looks like gold), Nisha (beautifulas a full moon night), Krimighni (antibacterial and antihelmenthic), Mahaghni(antidiabetic), and Yoshit priya (gynecological disorders). In Hindi, turmeric isknown as Haldi, in Japanese as Ukon or Gajyutsu, and in Korean as Ulgeum orGangwhang.

Turmeric is mentioned in the writings of the Italian explorer Marco Polo, whowas introduced to it during his voyage to China and India around 1290 ad. Al-though he gets credit for bringing Far East spices to Europe, turmeric was actuallyintroduced in Europe in the 13th century ad by Arab traders. The Portuguese ex-plorer Vasco de Gama visited the Indian subcontinent during the 15th century andbrought turmeric and other spices of the Orient to the West. It was only during therule of the British in India that turmeric was combined with various other spicesand renamed “curry powder,” as it is called in the West.

Turmeric became of special importance to man with the discovery that whenadded to various food preparations, its dried and powdered rhizome preservedtheir freshness and nutritive value and improved the palatability and presentationof food. The brilliant yellow color of turmeric, which persists even at very highdilutions, found its way to commercial use as a coloring agent for various items,including cotton, silk, paper, wood, foodstuffs, and cosmetics. In Ayurveda (scienceof long life), turmeric has been used internally as a stomachic, tonic, and bloodpurifier and topically in the prevention and treatment of skin diseases. Turmericconcoctions have been traditionally used for the treatment of flatulence, dyspepsia,liver disorder, jaundice, urinary tract diseases, cold, chronic otorrhea, parasitic skininfection, bruises, sprain, wound, infected wound, and inflammation.

We are currently living in an era when 80% of the world’s population cannot af-ford modern medicine. Even for those 20% who can, much of modern medicine isineffective and has numerous side effects. It is a good time to revive the medicinaluse of the ancient medicine curcumin. In this volume we bring together the con-tribution of modern science to one of the most ancient spices known to mankind.Curcumin’s beneficial role in health and disease and its molecular targets are thefocus of this monograph. This volume is directed at clinicians and scientists work-ing in the areas of experimental and molecular therapeutics, molecular medicine,translational cancer research, Ayurveda, herbal medicine, naturopathy, and bio-medical sciences in general and, most importantly, to the end users of curcumin.We hope that this book will “add spice to everybody’s life.”

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viii PREFACE

We would like to thank all of the contributors for their valuable contributions tothis work. We would also like to thank those who have contributed significantlyto curcumin research but could not, because of limitations on space, be invited tocontribute.

Bharat B. Aggarwal, Ph.D.Young-Joon Surh, Ph.D.Shishir Shishodia, Ph.D.

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FOREWORD

It is indeed a matter of pride and privilege to write the Foreword; to this scholarlycontribution on curcumin—the major constituent of turmeric. The volume hasbeen successful in seamlessly connecting the traditional knowledge available onturmeric to the findings of systematic modern research on turmeric and, basedon this effort, building the possibilities of developing novel drugs to treat diversediseases. Turmeric (Curcuma longa)—a widely cultivated tropical plant—has beenused since ancient times as a spice, as a beauty care agent, and as a traditionalmedicine.

The rhizome of turmeric is highly aromatic and antiseptic. The medicinal prop-erties of turmeric have been expounded in Ayurvedic and traditional Chinesemedicine (TCM) texts. Turmeric is traditionally known as a stomachic, bloodpurifier and is useful for the common cold, leprosy, intermittent fevers, afflictionsof the liver, indolent ulcer, pyogenic (forming pus) afflictions, wound-healing, andinflammation.

In recent years, the medicinal properties of turmeric have increasingly beenrecognized. It is being researched systematically even in the Western world. Iremember fighting the “turmeric battle” on the wrong patent on the wound-healingproperties of turmeric that was given by the US Patent Office almost a decade ago.

As per the US National Library of Medicine, 256 research papers were publishedlast year on curcumin. The researchers have found in curcumin a near-perfect start-ing material for drug discovery. Thus, a variety of curcumin analogues have beenprepared and evaluated biologically. Curcumin exhibits a wide range of activities[e.g., antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective, lipoxyge-nase (LOX), cyclooxygenase (COX), protease inhibitory effects, in addition tobeing effective as an active oxygen scavenger and lipid peroxidase (a class ofoxidoreductase enzymes) inhibitor]. Curcumin and the curcuminoids also lowercholesterol, reduce platelet aggregation, inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells,and improve digestion by increasing the flow of bile from the gallbladder. Thedesirable preventive or putative therapeutic properties of curcumin have been con-sidered to be associated with its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

Curcumin has been found to modulate the activity of several key transcriptionfactors and, in turn, the cellular expression profiles. The effect of curcumin has beenexamined on most of the targets discovered within the last three decades. Curcuminmodulates several different transcription factors, cytokines, growth factors, kinasesand other enzymes. The research results have been elaborately covered in this bookand explanations provided would add to knowledge pool.

The National Institutes of Health has four clinical trials in progress on cur-cumin treatment, namely for pancreatic cancer, multiple myeloma, Alzheimer’sdisease, and colorectal cancer. Curcumin has been found to possess potential

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x FOREWORD

chemopreventive activities. It shows cytotoxic potential against tumor cells bothin vitro and in vivo. Thus, curcumin fits well in the effort of chemopreventionby edible phytochemicals, which is now considered to be an inexpensive, readilyapplicable, and accessible approach to cancer management. The optimization ofintervention trials of diet-derived putative chemopreventive agents is currently un-der development in normal populations as well as in high- risk groups. Curcumin isalso a good immunomodulator. These biological activities warrant further studiesof curcumin in the treatment and prevention of human neoplasm.

Curcumin has enormous potential as an antiangiogenic drug. It has been elabo-rately explained in the chapter discussing this. The property has been attributed tocurcumin’s ability to downregulate certain transcription factors and proangiogenicfactors. Curcumin also has the necessary characteristics of a neuroprotective drug.The activity has been proven in a variety of disease models. Thus, it has greatpotential for the prevention of multiple neurological conditions for which currenttherapeutics are less than optimal. The chapter entitled “Neuroprotective Effectsof Curcumin” embodies the research carried out on the subject and the existingnecessity for further efforts. The curcumin-mediated regulation of COX and LOXenzymes for obtaining their beneficial effects in preventing diverse inflammatorydiseases has been dwelt upon in another chapter. Interestingly, curcumin has anedge over conventional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and selective COX-2inhibitors. This might pave the way for path-breaking research in the domain.

This volume in fact covers the length and breadth of research undertaken oncurcumin and research results thus far obtained. The diversity ranges from molec-ular targets, cell growth regulation, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties,chemosensitivity, radio protection, and radio sensitivity to immunomodulation,anticancer effects, cardioprotective effects, nephroprotective to hepatoprotectiveeffects, protection from acute and chronic lung diseases to pharmacokinetics andpharmacodynamics and clinical studies undertaken with curcumin. The canvasthus covered is indeed brilliant.

As research advances, it poses newer challenges as well. Several questions inthe light of the new drug development effort thus remain to be answered in orderto put curcumin in a higher orbit. These pertain to the solubility and stability ofcurcumin, its optimum dose, pharmacokinetics, mechanism of action of curcuminfor a given disease, bioavailability profile, and intricacies of prevention and cureof an identified disease. Further research is thus necessary on these aspects. Thereis also a need to find out whether other components of turmeric than curcuminhave beneficial effects, either alone or in combination with curcumin.

I am happy to see that the contributions in this book have proven beyond doubtthat curcumin—an ingredient of the traditional Indian spice turmeric—has enor-mous potential against a variety of malignant and nonmalignant diseases. I amconfident that the state-of-the-art on curcumin research so nicely compiled andanalyzed throughout this volume would provide an insight and learning not only toprofessionals in the field but also to budding researchers. I hope that they would beinspired to answer the unanswered questions on curcumin based on new research

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FOREWORD xi

endeavors. I congratulate the editors of the volume and the contributors of thevarious chapters for creating this unique and scholarly marvel.

R.A. Mashelkar, FRSDirector General

Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, New Delhi, IndiaOctober 19, 2006

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CONTENTS

CURCUMIN: THE INDIAN SOLID GOLD ..................................... 1Bharat B. Aggarwal, Chitra Sundaram, Nikita Malani, andHaruyo Ichikawa

HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTICANCER CURCUMIN ANALOGUES ........... 77Cara A. Mosley, Dennis C. Liotta, and James P. Snyder

ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PROPERTIESOF CURCUMIN........................................................................ 105Venugopal P. Menon and Adluri Ram Sudheer

MODULATION OF TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS BY CURCUMIN..... 127Shishir Shishodia, Tulika Singh, and Madan M. Chaturvedi

CANCER CHEMOPREVENTIVE EFFECTS OF CURCUMIN............. 149Young-Joon Surh and Kyung-Soo Chun

ANTITUMOR, ANTI-INVASION, AND ANTIMETASTATICEFFECTS OF CURCUMIN.......................................................... 173Girija Kuttan, Kuzhuvelil B. Hari Kumar, ChandrasekharanGuruvayoorappan, and Ramadasan Kuttan

CURCUMIN AS AN INHIBITOR OF ANGIOGENESIS ..................... 185Sulochana S. Bhandarkar and Jack L. Arbiser

NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF CURCUMIN............................ 197Greg M. Cole, Bruce Teter, and Sally A. Frautschy

REGULATION OF COX AND LOX BY CURCUMIN ........................ 213Chinthalapally V. Rao

MOLECULAR TARGETS OF CURCUMIN..................................... 227Jen-Kun Lin

CELL GROWTH REGULATION................................................... 245Devarajan Karunagaran, Jeena Joseph, and Thankayyan R. SanthoshKumar

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xiv CONTENTS

CURCUMIN AS CHEMOSENSITIZER.......................................... 269Pornngarm Limtrakul

RADIOPROTECTION AND RADIOSENSITIZATIONBY CURCUMIN ....................................................................... 301Ganesh C. Jagetia

IMMUNOMODULATION BY CURCUMIN .................................... 321Subhash C. Gautam, Xiaohua Gao, and Scott Dulchavsky

BENEFICIAL ROLE OF CURCUMIN IN SKIN DISEASES ................ 343Rajesh L. Thangapazham, Anuj Sharma, and Radha K. Maheshwari

CARDIOPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF CURCUMIN .......................... 359Sumitra Miriyala, Manikandan Panchatcharam, andPuvanakrishnan Rengarajulu

PROTECTION FROM ACUTE AND CHRONIC LUNG DISEASESBY CURCUMIN ....................................................................... 379Narayanan Venkatesan, Durairaj Punithavathi, and Mary Babu

NEPHROPROTECTIVE AND HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECTSOF CURCUMINOIDS ................................................................ 407Toshihiko Osawa

CURCUMIN AND AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE................................. 425John J. Bright

PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACODYNAMICSOF CURCUMIN........................................................................ 453Ricky A. Sharma, William P. Steward, and Andreas J. Gescher

CLINICAL STUDIES WITH CURCUMIN ...................................... 471Chih-Hung Hsu and Ann-Lii Cheng

INDEX ................................................................................... 481

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EDITORS

Dr. Bharat B. Aggarwal received his Ph.D. in Biochemistry from the Univer-sity of California, Berkeley, did his postdoctoral fellowship in endocrinologyat the University of California Medical CenterSan Francisco, and then worked for a biotech-nology company (Genentech Inc.) where hediscovered two different TNFs, both essentialcomponents of the immune system. In 1989,Dr. Aggarwal accepted a position as a Profes-sor and Chief of the Cytokine Research Sectionat the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Can-cer in Houston. He currently holds the RansomHorne Jr. Professorship in Cancer Research. Hehas published over 400 original peer-reviewedarticles and reviews, edited 9 books, andbeen granted almost 35 patents. Since 2001,Dr. Aggarwal has been listed as one of the world’smost highly cited scientists by the Institute ofScientific Information. Dr. Aggarwal received an Outstanding Scientists Awardfrom Ranbaxy in 2005 and from the American Association of Indians in CancerResearch in 2006.

Dr. Young-Joon Surh is a Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology,College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, South Korea and Chief ofNational Research Laboratory of Molecular Car-cinogenesis and Chemoprevention. ProfessorSurh earned a Ph.D. degree at the McArdleLaboratory for Cancer Research, University ofWisconsin–Madison and completed postdoctoraltraining at the Massachusetts Institute of Technol-ogy. In 1992, he was appointed as a tenure-trackassistant professor at Yale University School ofMedicine. Since relocating to Seoul NationalUniversity in 1996, he has been leading theChemoprevention Working Group, investigatingthe molecular mechanisms of cancer preventionby edible phytochemicals, with emphasis on in-tracellular signaling molecules as prime targets.He is currently a member of the editorial boards of more than 10 internationaljournals, including Carcinogenesis, Molecular Carcinogenesis, Cancer Letters,Mutation Research, Food and Chemical Toxicology, and Biofactors. He is also

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xvi EDITORS

co-editor of the book Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Health published byCRC Press in 2005. Dr. Surh has published more than 120 papers in peer-reviewedinternational journals and about 50 invited editorials, reviews, and book chapters.Dr. Surh has recently published a seminal article, entitled “Chemoprevention withDietary Phytochemicals,” in Nature Reviews Cancer.

Dr. Shishir Shishodia earned his Ph.D. in Biotechnology from BanarasHindu University, Varanasi, India and did hispostdoctoral fellowship at the University of TexasM. D. Anderson Cancer Center. Before joining M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, he served as an As-sistant Professor at Patna University, Patna, India.He is currently an Assistant Professor at the TexasSouthern University, Houston. Dr. Shishodia’s re-search interests include cytokine signaling, therole of transcription factors in tumorigenesis, andregulation of transcription by natural products. Hehas identified several natural compounds that ex-hibit anticancer properties. He has published over50 peer-reviewed papers and co-edited the bookResveratrol in Health and Disease. Dr. Shishodiais a recipient of the BHU Gold Medal and the Theodore N. Law Odyssey Awardfor outstanding scientific achievements.

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CONTRIBUTORS

Bharat B. AggarwalRansom Horne, Jr., Professor ofCancer ResearchProfessor of Cancer Medicine(Biochemistry) andChief, Cytokine Research SectionDepartment of ExperimentalTherapeuticsThe University of Texas M.D.Anderson Cancer Center1515 Holcombe BoulevardBOX 143Houston, TX 77030, [email protected]

Jack L. ArbiserAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Dermatology, EmoryUniversity School of MedicineWinship Cancer Institute1639 Pierce Drive WMB 5309Atlanta, GA 30322, [email protected]

Mary BabuDeputy Director and HeadBio-Materials LaboratoryCLRI, Chennai-600020, [email protected]

Sulochana S. BhandarkarDepartment of DermatologyEmory University School ofMedicineWinship Cancer Institute1639 Pierce Drive WMB 5309Atlanta, GA 30322, [email protected]

John J. BrightSenior Investigator and Director ofNeuroscience Research LaboratoryMethodist Research InstituteClarian Health, 1800 N Capital AvenueNoyes Building, Suite E504Indianapolis, IN 46202, [email protected]

Madan M. ChaturvediProfessorDepartment of ZoologyDelhi UniversityDelhi 110007, [email protected]

Ann-Lii ChengProfessorDepartment of Internal Medicine andOncology, National Taiwan UniversityHospitalCancer Research Center, NationalTaiwan University College of Medicine7 Chung-Shan S. Rd., Taipei, [email protected]

Kyung-Soo ChunLaboratory of MolecularCarcinogenesisNational Institute of EnvironmentalHealth SciencesResearch Triangle Park, NC 27709,[email protected]

Gregory M. ColeProfessor of Medicine and NeurologyGreater Los Angeles Veterans AffairsHealthcare System

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xviii CONTRIBUTORS

Geriatric Research, Education, andClinic Center 11E16111 Plummer StreetSepulveda, CA 91343, [email protected]

Scott DulchavskyDepartment of SurgeryHenry Ford Health System2977 West Grand BoulevardDetroit, MI 48202, [email protected]

Sally A. FrautschyAssociate Professor of NeurologyDepartment of Medicine andNeurologyUniversity of California,Los AngelesGreater Los Angeles HealthcareSystem(Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center)16111 Plummer St. North Hills,CA 91343, [email protected]

Xiaohua GaoDepartment of SurgeryHenry Ford Health System2977 West Grand BoulevardDetroit, MI 48202, [email protected]

Subhash C. GautamDepartment of SurgeryHenry Ford Health System2977 West Grand BoulevardDetroit, MI 48202, [email protected]

Andreas J. GescherProfessor of Biochemical ToxicologyCancer Biomarkers and PreventionGroup

Department of Cancer Studies andMolecular MedicineUniversity of LeicesterLeicester LE2 7LX, [email protected].

ChandrasekharanGuruvayoorappan

Department of ImmunologyAmala Cancer Research CentreAmala Nagar, Thrissur Kerala 680555,Indiaguru [email protected]

Chih-Hung HsuDepartment of OncologyNational Taiwan University Hospital7, Chung-Shan S. Rd., Taipei, [email protected]

Haruyo IchikawaInternational Research and EducationalInstitute for Integrated MedicalSciencesTokyo Women’s Medical School8-1 Kawada-cho, ShinjukuTokyo 162-8666, [email protected]

Ganesh C. JagetiaProfessor & HeadDepartment of RadiobiologyKasturba Medical CollegeManipal—576 104, [email protected]

Jeena JosephDepartment of Cancer BiologyRajiv Gandhi Centre forBiotechnologyThiruvananthapuram-695 014, [email protected]

Devarajan KarunagaranProfessorDepartment of Biotechnology

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CONTRIBUTORS xix

Indian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai - 600 036, [email protected]

Kuzhuvelil B. Hari KumarDepartment of BiochemistryAmala Cancer Research CentreAmala Nagar, Thrissur Kerala, [email protected]

Thankayyan R. Santhosh KumarDepartment of Cancer BiologyRajiv Gandhi Centre for BiotechnologyThiruvananthapuram-695 014, [email protected]

Girija KuttanProfessorDepartment of ImmunologyAmala Cancer Research CentreAmala Nagar, Thrissur Kerala, [email protected]

Ramadasan KuttanResearch DirectorAmala Cancer Research CentreAmala Nagar, ThrissurKerala, [email protected]

Pornngarm LimtrakulChairperson, Department ofBiochemistryFaculty of MedicineChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai, Thailand [email protected]

Jen-Kun LinProfessorInstitute of Biochemistry andMolecular BiologyCollege of MedicineNational Taiwan University

No. 1, Section 1, Jen-ai RoadTaipei, [email protected]

Dennis C. LiottaProfessor of Organic ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryEmory UniversityAtlanta, GA, 30322, [email protected]

Radha K. MaheshwariProfessor of PathologyDirector, Center for Combat Casualtyand Life Sustainment ResearchCoordinator Indo-US activitiesUniformed Services University of theHealth SciencesBethesda, MD 20814, [email protected]

Nikita MalaniCytokine Research LaboratoryDepartment of ExperimentalTherapeutics - Box 143University of Texas M. D. AndersonCancer Center1515 Holcombe BoulevardHouston, Texas, [email protected]

Venugopal P. MenonProfessor and ChairmanDepartment of Biochemistry &Center for Micronutrient ResearchAnnamalai UniversityAnnamalai Nagar-608 002Chidambaram, Tamilnadu, [email protected]

Sumitra MiriyalaDepartment of MedicineCarolina Cardiovascular BiologyCenterUniversity of North Carolina

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xx CONTRIBUTORS

Chapel Hill, North Carolina-27599,[email protected]

Cara A. MosleyDepartment of ChemistryEmory UniversityAtlanta, GA, 30322, [email protected]

Toshihiko OsawaProfessorLaboratory of Food and BiodynamicsNagoya University Graduate School ofBioagricultural SciencesFuro-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya464-8601, [email protected]

Manikandan PanchatcharamDepartment of MedicineCarolina Cardiovascular BiologyCenterUniversity of North CarolinaChapel Hill, North Carolina 27599,[email protected]

Durairaj PunithavathiBio-materials LaboratoryCLRI, Adyar, Chennai-600020, [email protected]

Chinthalapally V. RaoProfessor of MedicineKerley-Cade Endowed Chair in CancerResearchHematology-Oncology SectionDirector, Chemoprevention ProgramUniversity of Oklahoma CancerInstituteOUHSC, P.O. Box 26901975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1203Oklahoma City, OK 73104, [email protected]

Puvanakrishnan RengarajuluDeputy Director and HeadDepartment of BiotechnologyCLRI, Chennai-600 [email protected]

Adluri Ram SudheerDepartment of Biochemistry &BiotechnologyFaculty of ScienceAnnamalai UniversityAnnamalai Nagar-608002, Tamilnadu,[email protected]

Anuj SharmaUniformed Services University ofHealth Sciences,Bethesda, MD, USABirla Institute of Technology andSciencePilani 333031, Rajasthan, [email protected]

Ricky A. SharmaSenior Fellow & Honorary ConsultantRadiation Oncology & Biology,University of Oxford, ChurchillHospital, Oxford OX37LJ, [email protected]

Shishir ShishodiaAssistant ProfessorDepartment of BiologyTexas Southern University3100 Cleburne StreetHouston, TX 77004, [email protected];[email protected]

Tulika SinghDepartment of BiologyTexas Southern University

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CONTRIBUTORS xxi

3100 Cleburne StreetHouston, TX 77004, [email protected]

James P. SnyderDirector of BiostructuralResearchDepartment of ChemistryEmory University1515 Dickey DriveAtlanta, GA 30322, [email protected]

William P. StewardProfessor of OncologyCancer Biomarkers and PreventionGroupDepartment of Cancer Studies andMolecular MedicineUniversity of LeicesterLeicester Royal InfirmaryLeicester LE1 SWW, [email protected]

Chitra SundaramCytokine Research LaboratoryDepartment of ExperimentalTherapeutics - Box 143University of Texas M. D. AndersonCancer Center1515 Holcombe BoulevardHouston, Texas, USAchitra [email protected]

Young-Joon SurhChief and ProfessorNational Research Laboratory of

Molecular Carcinogenesis andChemopreventionCollege of PharmacySeoul National UniversityShillim-dong, Kwanak-guSeoul 151-742, South [email protected]

Bruce TeterDepartment of Medicine andNeurologyUniversity of California, Los AngelesGreater Los Angeles HealthcareSystem(Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center)16111 Plummer St. North Hills, CA91343, [email protected]

Rajesh L. ThangapazhamUniformed Services University ofHealth SciencesBethesda, MD, USABirla Institute of Technology andSciencePilani 333031, Rajasthan, [email protected]

Narayanan VenkatesanAssociate ProfessorFaculte de MedecineUMR-7561 CNRS UHP; B.P. 18454505 Vandoeuvre les [email protected]

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[ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY] The Molecular Targets and Therapeutic Uses of Curcumin in Health and Disease Volume 595 ||