Advances in Camouflage Scienceand Engineering

“Textile Finishing for Thermal IR Signature

Reduction”

March 15, 2016

IOM3 - London

Gilda Santos

Ana Barros

Augusta Silva

Patrícia Ferreira

CITEVE Group

Textile Technology and Advanced Materials Campus

Testing

ProductCertifications

R&D + Innovation

SustainableProduction

Consulting

New Businesses

Training & Coaching

Fashion & Design

InternationalConsulting

| BRASIL | TUNISIE | ARGENTINA | PAKISTAN | CHILE | INDIA || PORTUGAL

CITEVE - Technological Centre for

the Textile and Clothing Industry of Portugal

CITEVE worldwide

Markets

Anual figures

60.000 laboratory tests +250 standards 500product certification 30 R&D on going projects 100full time staff 50.000 training hours 1.000active clients

Testing Services

• Quality control

• Product Performance Assessment

• Lab management consultancy

Lab facilities• physics and comfort

• chemical & human ecology

• electronic microscopy (SEM)

• metrology

• microbiology/cytotoxicology

• industrial Laundry performance

• product performance evaluation

• fire/heat• rain protection• thermal/confort• static electricty

Brands’ accreditations

National & Intern. Acreditations

Acreditations

Product & Process certification

• recognisingperformance & value

Product & Process Engineering Services

• R&D

• Consulting

• New Product Development

• Prototyping

• Scale up

• Sustainable production

• Process efficiency

Pilot Plants Facilities

• coating

• laminating

• deying & finishing

• digital printing

• 2D e 3D knitting

• clothing manufacturing

Sustainable Production

• Energy Auditing

• Water and Energy footprint

• Material Resource efficiency

• Recycling

• REACH compliance

• STEP Certification

• LCA

• Textiles Biodegradability

Training & coaching Services

• Made to measure training/coaching

• technological up-grade & specialization

• educational & training materials

• “On Job” training

• Theoretical + Practical

• Textiles From A to Z

Innovation Management

• innovation management systems

• IPR management

• project and proposal building

• project management

• benchmarking

• partners search

Design & fashionIntelligence Services

• fashion intelligence

• fashion trends services

• product concept & design

• stand design

• product-consumer-market match

• labelling & packaging

Smart Retail

• RFID solutions

• Virtual product simulation

• Portable Body Scanning

• Smart Fitting Room

• Pilot Shop

New Business, New Markets

• Product communication

• Technology Scouting

• Technology intelligence

• Market intelligence

• Internationalization

• Trade fairs missions(*)

(*) In Partnership with

International Consulting

• Lab plan, Implementation and accreditation

• Technology Roadmap definition and follow up

• Inter-laboratorial trusting

• Training (Lab techniques, nanotech, technical textiles, functional materials, …)

• Networking

EDA PROJECTS

ACCLITEXSYS

ACCLIMATIZATION TEXTILE SYSTEM

ACCLITEXSYSAclimatization Textile System for the Soldier

• Thermoregulatory System for Hot and Cold Environments

ACAMS

ADAPTIVE CAMOUFLAGE

ACAMSAdaptive Camouflage for the Soldier

• Turnable poncho based in Thermochromic pigments

LIVEST

SOFT BODY ARMOUR WITH FABRICS USING RASCHEL TECHNOLOGY

LIVESTUltralight Weight bullet-proof Vests

• Protection Vest Against bullets

PROSAFE

CBRN PROTECTION AND SELF DECONTAMINATION

PROSAFENext Generation of Protection Garments

Against Warfare Agents

• Protection Garments Against Warfare Agents

Filter Sensing and Photo-degradation

Carbon Quantum dots (QD)

Textile Finishing for Thermal IR Signature Reduction

PERMACMILITARY

CAMOUFLAGETHERMAL

SIGNATURERESEARCH

LINESEXPERIMENTAL

WORKCONCLUSIONS FUTURE WORK

PERsonal Microclimate Active Control - Intelligent protection

clothing system for soldiers that enables thermal auto regulation.

Exploitation and Analysis

of the problem

Solutions

Prototypes Development

Tests and Validation

In colaboration with

Portuguese Army

http://pt.scribd.com/doc/20980569/Modern-Camouflage-Techniques

“Concealment of an object or a being to prevent or delay the recognition of their true nature”

[http://www.infopedia.pt/diciope.jsp?dicio=15&Entrada=Camuflagem]

In nature, any added advantage brings greater chances of survival.

Military Camouflage

http://sistemadearmas.sites.uol.com.br/index.html

With the technological progress each day is easier to detect the soldier…

The same happens in war environments

Military Camouflage

ENERGY = RADIATION

Any body emits radiation

Any object is formed by atoms that continuously vibrate, generating a contínouos radiationemission

(%) - emissivity of a body (temperature T)

- emissivity of a black body (temperature T)

Radiation incident on the body

When radiation is incident on a body, it absobs it, transmits it or reflects it

Eincident = Eabsorbed + Etransmitted + Erefleted

Incident

Absorbed

Transmitted

Reflected

Emitted

Military Camouflage

ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM

VISUAL SIGNATURE THERMAL SIGNATURE

Military Camouflage

Capture reflected radiation

Capture emitted radiation

DETECTION DEVICES

Rogalsky, A., et al, Infrared Devices and Techniques , Institute of Applied Physics, Varsóvia, Polónia (2002)

Military Camouflage

Rogalsky, A., et al, Infrared Devices and Techniques , Institute of Applied Physics, Varsóvia, Polónia (2002)

Em

itância

(W/m2.sr.µm

)

Wave lenght (µm)

Stephan-Boltzmann Law

W = ε α T4

Protection against Thermal signature:

-Reduction of Emissivity

-Decrease of Temperature

THERMAL EMITTANCE

Thermal Signature

To reduce thermal signature:

Metallization

Bioceramics

Cenospheres

Research lines

METAL FILM DEPOSITION

To reduce the emissivity ofthe surface

To provide thermalinsulation(used in sportswear clothing)

Research Lines

BIOCERAMICS

http://www.rgihealthcare.com/cerafit.html

To provide thermalinsulation

Use of bioceramic compounds:-Membranes (with some breathability)-Pigments ( textile finishing process)

Reflection of body heat

Research Lines

Most recently used in sportswear Clothing for regulation of bloodmicrocirculation when in contact with the body

CENOSPHERES

http://www.usnrenergy.com/products.htm

Hollow alumina silicate particles

That can be covered by silver in orderto provide:

Thermal insulation(like ceramic particles)

Radiation reflection(by the silver)

Research Lines

Cheap material (waste from coal burning stations) with potential application in the printing process, after being coated

Metal Film Deposition

Breathability

Emissivity

Tests Performed

Experimental Work

Substrates:

Metal Film Deposition

Fabric raw Camouflage PrintedFabric

BioceramicMembrane

Testing of substrates: Metal film deposition (Aluminium)

Method: PVD – Physical Vapor Deposition

Equipment: MDS – Multifunction Deposition System

Metal Film Deposition

Experiments were conducted varying the number of “coater” turns

Testing of substrates: Breathability

B

Method: ISO 11092

Equipment: Skin Model – Sweating Guarded Hot Plate

Evaporative Resistance

B

Sample Nº Sample

1 Raw Fabric

2 Camouflage printed fabric

3 Metallised Camouflage fabric

(1 coater turn)

4 Metallised Camouflage fabric

(2 coater turns)4.4

4.5

4.6

4.7

4.8

4.9

5

5.1

5.2

5.3

1 2 3 4

Ret

(m2.P

a/W

)

Evaporative Resistance

Ret (m2.Pa/W)

Sample Nº

Results: Breathability

Evaporative Resistance

Method: ASTM C1371-04a

Emissivity

Equipment: Emissometer

Results: Emissivity

Sample Nº Sample ε

1 Raw fabric 0,79 ± 0,01

2 Camouflage printed fabric 0,80 ± 0,01

3 Fabric with bioceramic membrane 0,80 ± 0,02

4 Metallised camouflage fabric (1 turn) 0,82 ± 0,01

5 Metallised camouflage fabric (2 turns) 0,82 ± 0,01

Emissivity

Conclusions

‒ According to the results, the metal film depositiontechnique is a solution to consider in order to reducethe thermal signature.

‒ The increased evaporative resistance and consequentreduction of breathability are not significant.

Future work

‒ Check effect on thermal insulation with a prototype inthermal manikin and also with infrared camera.

‒ Improve the Physical Vapor Deposition usingMultifunction Deposition System (substrate porosityneeds further analysis).

‒ Test other processes and technologies for obtainingmetal surfaces (use of metallized membranes, metallizedyarns,...)

“TEXTILE FINISHING FOR THERMAL IR SIGNATURE

REDUCTION”

Acknowledgement

This study was made possiblethanks to a PortugueseConsortium (CITEVE, DAMEL andAST) within a QREN / COMPETEProject in cooperation with thePortuguese Army.

“TEXTILE FINISHING FOR THERMAL IR SIGNATURE

REDUCTION”

Thank you for your attention!

Gilda Santos

gsantos@citeve.pt

www.citeve.pt