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Dr. Mark Knight Department Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON Centre for Advancement of Trenchless Technologies (CATT) Advancement of Trenchless Technologies Challenges and Innovations in Tunnelling Tunnelling Association of Canada Association Canadienne Des Tunnels OCT 4 – 6, 2015 • Queens University Kingston, ON Canada

Advancement of Trenchless Technologies - Advancement of... · 2018-04-25 · • 2,000m (6,575‐ft) of 36‐inch steel watermain pipe pullback installation crossing of the St. John’s

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Page 1: Advancement of Trenchless Technologies - Advancement of... · 2018-04-25 · • 2,000m (6,575‐ft) of 36‐inch steel watermain pipe pullback installation crossing of the St. John’s

Dr. Mark KnightDepartment Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON

Centre for Advancement of Trenchless Technologies (CATT)

Advancement of Trenchless Technologies

Challenges and Innovations in Tunnelling

Tunnelling Association of Canada Association Canadienne Des Tunnels

OCT 4 – 6, 2015 • Queens University • Kingston, ON Canada

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Municipal Pipelines

Water Treatment

Linear Water DistributionNetwork

Linear WastewaterCollection

Wastewater Treatment

•Surface water•Groundwater

•Trunk lines•Distribution lines•Service connections•Hydrants and valves

•Laterals, •Back flows preventers•Cleanouts•Mainlines/manholes•Trunk lines

•Wastewater•Inflows & infiltration• Leakage

Often ignored but critical component

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Municipal Infrastructure Assets

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Infrastructure Asset Value Distribution

Roads30%

Storm Water14%Water

24%

Waste Water24%

Other8%

Water and Sewer systems 48% of Total Asset Value

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Construction of Water Distribution Networks• Approx. 1880’s construction of water distribution networks start

• Fire protection

• Use as potable water was an after thought• As population density increases in cities constructed wastewater collection systems

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HISTORY OF PIPE MATERIALS

•1850’s: oak trees (wired and tarred)•1880’s: pit cast cast iron (lead joints)• Early 1900’s: steel (tarred) •1920’s: spun (grey) cast iron (lead joints)

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HISTORY OF PIPE MATERIALS Cont’d. . . .

•1950’s +:• Ductile iron

• Lining: Asphalt, coal tar bitumen, cement, epoxy, Polyurethane 

• Asbestos‐Cement• Reinforced Concrete• HDPE• PVC• Fusible PVC

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The Sewer Design Paradigm Shift

• Dump untreated waste into the receptors

• Dilution is the solution• Combined storm and sanitary system

1880 to 1970’s ‐ 80’s (Pre wastewater treatment)

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The Sewer Design Paradigm Shift

Post wastewater treatment

Cost $ to treat every litre of wastewater

Reduce infiltration/inflows Separate storm and sanitary systems

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Water Infrastructure Replacement Cost=$68.6Billion

Linear Assets = 73%

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Wastewater Infrastructure Replacement Cost=$70.1Billion

Linear Assets = 79%

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PLANTS VS PIPES

• Plants  =  20 to 30 % replacement cost

• Linear Pipes = 70 to 80 % replacement cost

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Cost to Fix Canada’s Water Infrastructure

• Total estimated replacement cost• $138.9 Billion

• $88 Billion needed for upgradesNeed  = 63% replacement cost

• Infrastructure deficit continues to grow

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The Canadian Water Utility Problem• Water rates have been traditionally set to cover operation costs only

• Water utilities in Ontario and across North America have a big infrastructure deficit/backlog

• No or limited funds for capital works• 1 to 5 year financial plans developed• Long‐term (10 to 50 years) financial sustainability not consideredSmoking gun could be coming….

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Page 15: Advancement of Trenchless Technologies - Advancement of... · 2018-04-25 · • 2,000m (6,575‐ft) of 36‐inch steel watermain pipe pullback installation crossing of the St. John’s

Broad Categories

TrenchlessTechnologies

ConditionAssessment

On-lineReplacement

RehabilitationRenovation

NewInstallations

LocatingMapping

AssetManagement

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Where are those utilities?

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Asset Management

• Fixing the right asset at the right time

• Making sure you have $$ to fix and operate water systems

• Develop defensible and realistic infrastructure programs…not just projects

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Trenchless Technologies

Tools in a Tool box

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Trenchless Market

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14th Annual Municipal Survey

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GrowingTrenchlessIndustry

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Source: Underground Construction Feb. 2014

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Municipal Performance Rating

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Survey respondents also overwhelmingly (84.2 percent) cite ‘quality’ as the top characteristic they want from consulting engineers followed by ‘understanding of new technology’ at 47.6 percent and ‘productive relationships with contractors’ cited by 46 percent.

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CATT 2013 Municipal Survey

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CATT 2013 Municipal Survey

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CATT 2013 Municipal Survey

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HDD Market

http://www.undergroundconstructionmagazine.com/hdd‐evolves‐match‐new‐market‐dynamics

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HDD Market Distribution

Water Sewer GasDistribution Electric Telecom Other

2009 15.7 11.7 16.5 17.3 19.2 5.22010 16.6 11.9 16.1 17.3 18.8 5.52011 13.7 10.9 17.3 16.8 22.6 5.22012 15.5 8.7 21.4 12.9 25.4 3.62013 17.6 9.6 16.9 12.9 21.5 6.62014 18.1 9.5 17 13.5 19.9 6.9

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

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HDD Drill Rig Size Distribution

Jumbo Large Mid Mini2010 0.0% 9.2% 26.1% 64.7%2011 0.0% 8.4% 25.3% 68.1%2012 0.0% 8.1% 27.2% 64.7%2013 0.0% 9.2% 30.2% 60.6%2014 4.1% 10.1% 30.4% 55.4%

4.1%10.1%

30.4%

55.4%

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%

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HDD AVERAGE BORE LENGTH (FEET)

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Small Rigs Mid‐Size Rigs Large Rigs2010 430 685 14682011 361 646 16442012 354 593 10402013 279 632 20292014 263 607 2221

263

607

2221

020040060080010001200140016001800200022002400

Average Bo

re Len

gth (Feet)

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Long HDD Installations

• 2,000m (6,575‐ft) of 36‐inch steel watermain pipe pullback installation crossing of the St. John’s River in Jacksonville, Fla.

• Proposed 3,950m‐long 48” steel pipe Lake Sakakawea, Missouri River basin in central North Dakota, US. 

• a trenchless 24” natural gas pipeline installation project spanned 5967 feet (1818.7 m) in rock

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Pipe Materials

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41.343.9 44.9

43 43.2

25.122.9 21.7 22 22.1

14.3 12.7 12.4 12.5 12.314.1 15.5 15.3 16.2 16.2

4.9 5 5.7 6.3 6.2

0

10

20

30

40

50

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

HDPE

PVC

STEELIRONOther

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Industry Issues

• Consulting engineers and municipalities, while vastly improving their HDD knowledge the past two years, are still woefully lacking in detailed knowledge of the technology

• Their inability to effectively inspect HDD leads to a lack of confidence in the technology and, in turn, often unnecessarily inhibits contractor management of projects by making invalid and extraneous demands.

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Industry Issues

• “Our jobs are hard enough without engineers expecting us to give them on‐the‐job training about what they should look for on a drill,” complained a Southeast respondent.

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INDUSTRY TRENDS

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• HDD used to install larger diameter pipes• Requires the use of larger size drill rigs

• Construction of gravity sewers with low grades

• HDD industry is suffering from poor design, contract specifications and poor QA/QC

• Improved knowledge by owners and consultants

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Major Frustrations

• Lack of understanding by the engineering community on HDD construction method 

• engineers lack of professional understanding of how these projects are different than other traditional pipeline construction projects

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Summary

• Trenchless Industry continue to grow especially in Ontario and Canada

• Canada is a leader in North America• Water Utilities need $$ to build programs to drive projects

• Need improved understanding by Engineers to grow the industry…

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