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Advanced Biofuels: The Road to Commercializa9on
George Philippidis, Ph.D. Director, Alterna6ve Energy Research Center Associate Professor, Biofuel Engineering
USF Polytechnic
Biofuel & Bioproduct Markets
• USA – 136 billion gal/yr gasoline + 45 bgy diesel
• At E10 level: 14 bgy, $50 billion • Federal gov’t calls for 36 bgy by 2022
– 21 bgy advanced biofuels (cellulosic and algal) – Value: $74 billion
• Bioproducts: mul6-‐billion dollar markets (plas6cs, resins, nutraceu6cals)
• Globally, even bigger markets
Biorefinery: New Paradigm
Power
Chemicals
Hydrocarbons
Biodiesel
Ethanol, butanol
Fuels Biorefinery
(renewable products)
Biomass Conversion
BIOMASS
Alcohols Renewable Hydrocarbons
Bioproducts
Pretreatment Enzyma9c Hydrolysis
Fermenta9on
Dis9lla9on CHEMICALS STEAM
Cellulose
Lignin
Xylose
Electricity
Cogenera9on
ENZYMES MICROORGANISMS
Fer9lizer Water (reuse)
Algae Conversion
ALGAE
Jet Fuel Military Fuel
Separa9on Screening & Characteriza9on
Harvest Cul9va9on
NUTRIENTS
Animal Feed
Sugars
CHEMICALS
Biodiesel
Trans-‐ Esterifica9on
SUNLIGHT CO2
Cataly9c Reforming
WATER
Glycerin
Key Issues
• Feedstock availability – Reliable supply – Consistent quality (single or mix)
• Scalable technology – Effec6ve conversion – Off-‐the-‐shelf scalability
• Promising economics – Reliable baseline – Gradual op6miza6on
Feedstock
• Type – Single feedstock e.g. bagasse, woody, energy crops – Mix of feedstocks
• Reliability – Millions of tons annually – Economies of scale – Supply control
• Consistency – Varia6ons in composi6on – Process adjustments: difficult and costly
Technology
• Effec6ve & Efficient – High sugar yield
• Maximize C6 and C5 sugars – Fermentable sugars with minimal processing – Water, energy, and waste management
• Readily scalable – Simple, non-‐exo6c equipment, off-‐the-‐shelf
• Reliable opera6on – Minimize moving parts
Economics • Reliable baseline
– Con6nuous opera6on at pilot scale – Real world condi6ons – Manageable response to opera6onal upsets
• Promising economics – Minimize capital cost
• Co-‐loca6on (sugar mill, pulp mill, corn mill) • Non-‐exo6c materials of construc6on
– Minimize opera6ng cost • Mild condi6ons, energy efficiency • By-‐products, recycling
• Economics will improve over 6me
Commercializa9on Path
Feedstock Technology Economics
Loca6on Financing Risk Management
Commercial Development
Biomass Industry: Why in Florida?
– Abundant, sustainable, inexpensive – Source of ethanol, hydrocarbons, bioproducts, power – Florida: #1 in the USA in annual biomass genera6on
• Favorite climate year-‐round • Agricultural residues (citrus, bagasse) and yard biomass • Land availability • Entrepreneurial focus on biomass and bioenergy • Partnerships with the private sector • Educated workforce, I-‐4 High Tech Corridor • Strategic loca6on for produc6on and land/sea logis6cs
Biomass Technology Development
Biomass Pilot Facility operated jointly by USFP and Florida Crystals Corp.
Agricultural Residues
Yard Waste
Pretreated Biomass
Sugars Biofuels Bioproducts
Algae Industry: Why in Florida?
– Source of fuels (jet, military, biodiesel) and bioproducts – Florida: Best place in the USA for algae business
• Warm weather, sunlight, marginal land (e.g. phosphate mines) • High yield projec6ons • CO2 from industrial opera6ons (fer6lizer, cement, power plants) • Entrepreneurial focus on algae • Partnerships with the private sector • Educated workforce, I-‐4 High Tech Corridor • Strategic loca6on for produc6on and land/sea logis6cs
Algae Technology Development
Outdoor Ponds
Lipids Proteins Sugars
Jet/military Fuels Biodiesel Bioproducts
Algae
Global Cleantech Market
Energy Efficiency
§ Lighting § Appliances § Building materials
Emissions
§ Carbon trading § CO2 capture and
sequestration § Emissions control
Energy Storage
§ Advanced batteries § Fuel cells § Other technologies
Renewable Energy
§ Biofuels § Solar § Wind § Geothermal § Wave, Tidal
Smart Grid
§ Advanced metering § Management software § Network infrastructure
Source: New Energy Finance (2009)
USFP Energy Niches • Systems engineering, integra6on, and scale-‐up • Technology demonstra6on and commercializa6on • R&D and scale-‐up facili6es • Integra6on of new energy sources into exis6ng infrastructure
• Specialized educa6on in biofuels and renewable energy
• Partnerships with the private sector • Start-‐up incuba6on services
Contact George Philippidis, Ph.D. Director, Alterna6ve Energy Research Center Associate Professor, Biofuel Engineering USF Polytechnic 4100 S. Frontage Road, Suite 1116 Lakeland, FL 33815 (863) 904-‐6691 (o) (305) 606-‐9998 (c) [email protected]
