JP-8 Property JP-8 JP-900 Boiling Range, o F 330-510 356-626 Freeze point, o F -60 -75 Flash point, o F 127.0 155.0 Net heating value, Btu/lb 18,550 18,260 Energy density , Btu/gal 126,000 148,200 Specific gravity @ 60 o F 0.81 0.97 Avg Composition, vol% Aromatics 18.0 25.0 Hydroaromatics and cycloalkanes 20.0 75.0 Paraffins 60.0 0.0 Olefins 2.0 0.0 Sulfur, ppm 490 <3 P R O J E C T F A C T S H E E T Advanced Thermally Stable Jet Fuels Penn State conducted research on the development of an advance, coal-based, thermally-stable jet fuel for use not only as the source of propulsion energy for the aircraft, but also as an on-board heat sink. This application will be especially important for emerging aircraft designs, such as the F-35. A secondary objective was the displacement of imported petroleum by a secure, domestic energy source — coal. Background Project Discussion The jet fuel project had three major components: production, stabilization and combustion. Production The focus of production was to incorporate coal or coal-derived materials into existing oil refinery operations. Two processes were under investigation, one blending coal tar distillates with petroleum refinery streams, and the other involving co-coking of coal with refinery streams. Stabilization The stabilization part of the program aimed to develop a fundamental understanding of the modes of fuel decomposition under the autoxidative regime (<250 o C) and the pyrolytic regime (>400 o C). Fuel decomposition can lead to the formation of solid deposits, which may block fuel lines during flight or affect the composition of the fuel during storage. Combustion In the combustion studies researchers used a gas turbine simulator to compare the combustion characteristics of the coal- based fuels to conventional fuels. In their studies, they measured emissions and soot formation, along with flame characteristics. Goal The goal of this project was to design and make a coal-based jet fuel capable of withstanding temperatures up to 480 o C (900 o F) for extended periods of time, while still meeting quality standards for current jet fuels. Team The EMS Energy Institute worked with PARC Technical Services, United Refining Co., Preptech Inc., the U.S. Air Force and Duquesne University. Project status: Completed Before After Before After Comparison of Fuels Stressed Under Nitrogen for 2 Hours at 900 o F Table 1: Comparison of the Properties of JP-8 and a JP-900 Jet Fuel JP-900
Penn State conducted research on the development of an advance,coal-based, thermally-stable jet fuel for use not only as the source ofpropulsion energy for the aircraft, but also as an on-board heat sink.This application will be especially important for emerging aircraftdesigns, such as the F-35. A secondary objective was the displacementof imported petroleum by a secure, domestic energy source — coal.
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JP-8 PropertyJP-8JP-900 Boiling Range, oF330-510356-626 Freeze
point,oF-60-75 Flash point, oF127.0155.0 Net heating value,
Btu/lb18,55018,260 Energy density , Btu/gal126,000148,200 Specific
gravity @ 60 oF0.810.97 Avg Composition, vol% Aromatics 18.025.0
Hydroaromatics and cycloalkanes20.075.0 Paraffins60.00.0
Olefins2.00.0 Sulfur, ppm490
