Advanced Research on Integrated Energy Systems (ARIES)

User Call for Fiscal Year 2021

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Table of Contents Introduction ..............................................................................................................................................2

1 Research Priorities .........................................................................................................................3

1.1 Topic Area 1: ARIES Project Concepts .......................................................................................... 7

1.2 Topic Area 2: Materials or Device Development ...................................................................... 8

2 User Definition and Eligibility .....................................................................................................9

2.1 Eligible Applicants ............................................................................................................................... 9

2.2 Other Eligibility Requirements ....................................................................................................... 9

3 Submission Information ..........................................................................................................111

3.1 NREL Applicants .............................................................................................................................. 111

3.2 External (Non-NREL) Applicants ............................................................................................... 111

4 Proposal Package .......................................................................................................................122

4.1 Proposal Format .............................................................................................................................. 122

4.2 Summary Slides ............................................................................................................................... 133

4.3 Formatting ......................................................................................................................................... 133

5 Review and Allocation Process ..............................................................................................144

6 Review Process .............................................................................................................................. 15

6.1 Criteria ................................................................................................................................................ 155

6.2 Ratings and Weighted Scores...................................................................................................... 155

6.3 Conflicts of Interest and Confidentiality ................................................................................. 166

7 Notification ..................................................................................................................................177

8 Principal Investigator Responsibilities ...............................................................................188

9 Laboratory Operations Information ....................................................................................199

9.1 Resource Availability ..................................................................................................................... 199

9.2 Business Hours ................................................................................................................................ 199

9.3 After Hours ........................................................................................................................................ 199

10 Points of Contact ....................................................................................................................... 20

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Introduction The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), is dedicated to transforming energy through research, development, commercialization, and deployment of renewable energy and energy-efficiency technologies. NREL’s mission is to advance the science and engineering of energy-efficiency, sustainable transportation, and renewable power technologies. NREL does this by providing the knowledge to integrate and optimize energy systems.

Innovations in energy supply, storage, and efficiency technologies are catalyzing change in the nation’s electricity and end-use sectors. Addressing the challenges of designing and constructing future energy systems requires understanding the basic principles of operating large-scale energy systems that integrate multiple generation and storage technologies and solve the complex problem of controlling the interactions among hundreds of millions of connected and distributed assets.

Advanced Research on Integrated Energy Systems (ARIES) has been designed to address the challenges associated with integrating large-scale energy systems into the broader electric power system. ARIES combines the capabilities at the Energy Systems Integration Facility (ESIF) with integrated energy system facilities located on NREL’s Flatirons Campus. This new and innovative capability will support system research that enables designing and operating energy systems that are affordable, reliable, and secure and lead to increased energy resilience.

The actions we take to modernize and adapt must address the fundamental challenges of:

• Variability in the physical size of new energy technologies being added to energy systems

• Controlling large numbers (millions to tens of millions) of interconnected devices

• Integrating multiple diverse technologies that have not previously worked together. Although these challenges are significant, they also create enormous potential. With the visionary ARIES research platform, NREL will show how current challenges become future solutions.

NREL issues an annual user call to internal (NREL) and external (non-NREL) researchers to identify projects that require ARIES capabilities and laboratory resources for the upcoming fiscal year. Most laboratory resources are allocated on this annual cycle, and project submissions will address the research priorities listed in the following section.

The successful applicant will propose a research project that addresses DOE and NREL goals and objectives, addresses the ESIF’s key research areas, and aligns with DOE’s Grid Modernization Initiative (GMI). The GMI works across DOE to create the modern grid of the future. Additional DOE program goals are described on the EERE website under the categories of Efficiency, Renewables, and Transportation.

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1 Research Priorities Through ARIES, each EERE office, research community, industry stakeholder, and strategic partner will leverage capabilities at the ESIF, the Integrated Energy Systems at Scale (IESS) capabilities at the Flatirons Campus, and a virtual emulation environment matching those not physically existing as such but made by software to appear to do so. This will support hardware-in-the-loop experimentation with up to millions of virtual electric grid and cyber infrastructure devices.

The ESIF is a national user facility located on the NREL campus in Golden, Colorado. As a DOE user facility, state-of-the-art capabilities in the ESIF are available to the research community at large to conduct research that advances the missions of EERE and NREL. The mission of the ESIF is to accelerate the efficient transition to future energy systems that are secure, resilient, reliable, affordable, and clean. As a national user facility, the ESIF is equipped with an operations team that facilitates safe access to laboratory capabilities used for mission-aligned research experiments.

ARIES aims to build on the capabilities at the ESIF by linking ESIF research assets to the IESS capabilities at the Flatirons Campus. Research at the ESIF can go up to 2 MW, which covers distribution-level testing. NREL is developing IESS capabilities to allow for research at the 20-MW scale and beyond, representing the interface between the distribution and bulk power levels. Research into integrated energy systems under ARIES covers the following:

• Energy storage: Energy storage is critical to realizing both a flexible, resilient electric grid and a modern, affordable transportation system powered by a diverse suite of energy resources. Improvements are required in bidirectional electrical energy storage and other technologies to increase the flexibility of energy supply and demand, minimize or eliminate demand charges, manage power delivery from the grid, and mitigate adverse distribution-level impacts. R&D can help drive advancements in the integration and control of distributed energy resources (DERs) and improve the integration of building and vehicle charging loads.

• Power electronics: The use of power electronics in the power system continues to increase, and current grid modernization efforts will perpetuate this trend. Renewable generation such as wind and solar photovoltaic interface to the grid through power electronics, which seamlessly process the energy developed from the generating elements to the electric grid. Battery energy storage systems and EVs supplying vehicle-to-grid services require similar but bidirectional power electronics interfaces. These systems have different operational and control characteristics that must be better understood to efficiently integrate them into power systems.

NREL’s Energy Systems Integration Facility. Photo by Dennis Schroeder, NREL 26217

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• Hybrid energy systems: Hybrid energy systems (HES) integrate multiple types of energy generation, storage, and loads and are operated in a coordinated manner. HES research is needed to understand the effects that various parts of energy systems can cause on other parts as an integrated system and to recognize the benefits of such multi technology hybrid systems and interdependencies when fully quantified in terms of generation cost, system reliability, and operational flexibility.

• Future energy infrastructure: The future energy infrastructure has two primary systems that support achieving the optimized value of future energy systems: (1) advanced electricity infrastructures that will address the delivery, management, and control of electricity across the bulk and distribution systems; and (2) advanced fuels infrastructure that will address the management and control of the delivery of fuels of all types, including natural gas, petroleum fuels, hydrogen, and other renewable fuels. The key challenge of both systems are the optimized value of the management, controls, and delivery designs given the rapidly evolving transformation of generation mix, storage, and conversion technologies.

• Cybersecurity: The grid is transitioning from centralized, bulk generation to large numbers of DERs and storage resources. Simultaneously, loads are becoming dispatchable through shaving, shifting, and modulating. These changes increase reliance on communications and control systems, which introduce new vulnerabilities to the system overall. This has created a situation where defenders must expend more resources to keep the system safe than attackers must expend to compromise the system—an untenable situation. The level of effort required to defend the grid must be reduced. The most promising path forward is to develop automated identification and response mechanisms that leverage the unique properties of highly distributed systems at the bulk energy level and at the grid edge.

Technologies to be investigated through strategic partnerships among DOE, NREL, and industry will include storage technologies with new battery chemistries, innovative thermal storage systems such as phase-change materials, innovative electrolyzer and hydrogen storage technologies, extreme fast charging of multiple vehicles simultaneously, new medium-voltage power electronics with wide-bandgap semiconductors, and a whole host of emerging technologies that need to be validated at scale if they are to be part reliable, integrated solutions.

Using a 100-Gbps fiber-optic link as its backbone, researchers can leverage capabilities at the Flatirons Campus and the ESIF, including high-performance computing (HPC). This communications link will make it possible to explore breakthrough solutions for optimizing the integration of renewables, buildings, energy storage, and transportation—helping to modernize our energy systems and ensure a secure and resilient grid.

A virtual emulation environment between the two sites will connect with other research laboratories and industry to further leverage research and capabilities. Network connectivity and fiber-optic connections will further enable data transfer from field experiments and provide data communications and dynamic closed-loop experimentation

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among the IESS component systems, the ESIF, and other national laboratories to enable experiments involving local and remote hardware, with machine learning being an integral piece.

ARIES provides a national capability to conduct research experiments at the interface between the distribution and bulk power systems to help resolve these challenges. With the pace of innovation occurring faster than the pace of grid modernization, R&D activities need to close the gap by providing the energy industry with a place to experiment with hybrid integrated energy systems at the real-world scale and innovate new methods to monitor and control the increasing number of diverse technologies that will interact with the grid. ARIES will enable the development of advanced energy solutions from generation, storage, and efficient, dynamic loads to serve as a foundation for the future bidirectional grid network, and their potential benefits are captured and valued. ARIES will provide data and results to simulate, validate, and enable integrative solutions for the transformational grid.

ARIES capabilities will support integration research that addresses the physical size and the increasing number of interconnected devices as well as integration at the interface between the bulk and distribution power levels. ARIES will integrate emulation (e.g., representing dynamic building loads) with actual experimental hardware and use controllable grid interface equipment to inject faults and anomalies to test how equipment responds. The figure below shows the four major areas of systems integration research necessary to more seamlessly operate an increasingly complex grid.

Illustration by Josh Bauer, NREL

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1. Individual technologies at the megawatt scale: The ARIES capability will offer a controlled setting to evaluate new technologies in a realistic environment and at the scale at which they would be deployed in the field.

2. Distribution systems integration: The ARIES capability will provide a full medium-voltage (13.8-kV) distribution system that allows for the experimentation and integration of numerous diverse technologies at the 20-MW aggregate scale, enabling the development of cybersecure, replicable control and protection systems.

3. Microgrids within distribution systems and hybrid concepts: ARIES offers reconfigurable microgrids and the coordination of adjacent microgrids to provide improved resilience. ARIES is also uniquely positioned to allow for the validation of hybrid concepts up to megawatt scale for rapid prototyping, cost-effective use of various combinations of different technologies as one entity for grid reliability and resilience.

4. Distribution-bulk power interface and bulk system integration: Going beyond the distribution level, ARIES will allow for more seamless integration between the bulk and distribution power levels. Two independently configurable multimegawatt grids and emulation capabilities at ARIES will be used to perform bulk power systems engineering studies to improve affordability, energy security, and grid resilience.

To complete the ARIES initiative, NREL is expanding capabilities at both the ESIF and the Flatirons Campus. The figure below shows the interrelationships between the ESIF and the Flatirons Campus expansion in terms of power (e.g., kilowatt, megawatt), voltage level, and number of devices in integrated systems. The ESIF is dedicated to laboratory-scale technology development that will feed devices and control theory to the larger integrated systems at the Flatirons Campus.

Illustration by Josh Bauer, NREL

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Research activities at the Flatirons Campus will then produce data and information to improve the devices and control strategies for continued development at the ESIF. As an example, the ESIF is building out capabilities to conduct distributed control evaluations of 100 real-world, controllable devices of multiple technologies. The Flatirons Campus will then increase this by a factor of 10 and build out the capability to evaluate more than 1,000 physical devices that could replicate a full distribution circuit in the real world. ARIES will also take advantage of the HPC capabilities at the ESIF to emulate even larger systems. This level of laboratory capability is not available anywhere else in the world.

Applicants are encouraged to propose mission-aligned research that requires ESIF, IESS laboratory, and/or virtual emulation platform resources under one of the following topic areas.

1.1 Topic Area 1: ARIES Project Concepts This topic area addresses energy systems and grid integration challenges focused on the power system and beyond, including water, thermal, fuels, and transportation systems. Submissions must identify how a project will use the core crosscutting capabilities of the ESIF and IESS and address energy systems and grid integration challenges that align with a DOE initiative, such as the GMI, Energy Storage Grand Challenge, and/or Hybrid Energy Systems Roadmap. Project submissions must fit into the effective use of one or more of the ARIES research areas:

• Energy storage

• Power electronics

• Hybrid energy systems

• Future energy infrastructure

• Cybersecurity.

Project submissions will be asked to address one or more of the ARIES fundamental challenges:

• Variability in the physical size of new energy technologies being added to the energy system

• Controlling large numbers (millions to tens of millions) of interconnected devices

• Integrating multiple diverse technologies that have not previously worked together.

Other considerations under this topic include:

• Does the research receive funding from multiple DOE programs and/or sources?

• Does the research use ARIES capabilities (ESIF, IESS, and/or virtual environment)?

• Is there potential to increase the research impact through integration and cross-program collaboration?

• Is scaling up an aspect of the research or a continuation of the research?

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1.2 Topic Area 2: Materials or Device Development This topic area is intended to identify research projects that focus on a specific material, device, process, or component that is not studied in the context of the larger energy system during the project. Examples include materials and manufacturing process improvement for components enabling the integration of renewable fuels into the grid.

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2 User Definition and Eligibility Users are researchers who conduct experiments at or provide collaboration for an approved experiment in a DOE-designated user facility. The primary type of user is an on-site, badged user (i.e., a researcher who conducts experiments that use laboratory capabilities in the facilities). Users are either NREL staff (including interns and postdoctoral researchers) or external users, such as industry partners, university researchers, and other DOE national laboratory or independent research facility staff. External users can work in NREL facilities either independently or in collaboration with NREL researchers.

2.1 Eligible Applicants • Domestic entities: For-profit entities, educational institutions, and nonprofits that

are incorporated (or otherwise formed) under the laws of a particular state or territory of the United States and have a physical location for business operations in the United States are eligible to apply. Federally funded R&D centers (DOE/National Nuclear Security Administration and non-DOE/National Nuclear Security Administration entities) and federal agencies and instrumentalities are eligible to apply.

• Foreign entities: Foreign entities, whether for-profit or otherwise, are eligible to apply. All non-U.S. applicants, users, and funding sources must be approved by DOE before NREL will grant access to foreign entities or users.

• Individuals: Individuals are not eligible to apply.

2.2 Other Eligibility Requirements • Funding requirement: Internal NREL applicants are not required to have a

confirmed award at the time of submission. External applicants are required to have a confirmed award or funding at the time of submission to be considered under this user call.

• Site security and safety: All users must be qualified to conduct work in the ESIF and adhere to all onboarding and training requirements before access to the laboratory will be granted. Learn more about NREL’s site security procedures, and review the ESIF User Guide.

• Partnership agreement for external applicants: External users selected to work on-site at the ESIF or Flatirons Campus are required to enter into a partnership agreement. Please see NREL’s Technology Partnership Agreement page for additional information on agreement types.

• Requirement to share results: Proprietary and nonproprietary projects are eligible under this user call. Nonproprietary results and information must be shared for each project accepted through the user call.

• Pricing for proprietary research: When a user facility is made available for proprietary research for the benefit of non-DOE entities, the user will be charged a

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fee that realizes full cost recovery as defined in 42 U.S.C. § 7259a and described in DOE Order 522.1A.

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3 Submission Information Applications to the annual user call will be accepted through September 30, 2020. The application package requirements and submission instructions differ for NREL and external applicants.

3.1 NREL Applicants NREL applicants should refer to instructions and templates located on NREL’s internal SharePoint site. Contact userprogram.esif@nrel.gov with questions.

3.2 External (Non-NREL) Applicants External applicants must submit an application package that contains two (2) files:

1. An application that includes all sections described on the following page: Proposal Package and adheres to all formatting requirements.

2. PowerPoint slide deck associated with the specific topic area.

Completed proposal packages should be emailed to userprogram.esif@nrel.gov by 11:59 p.m. Mountain Daylight Time on September 30, 2020. The subject line of the email should read: ARIES Annual User Call - Organization, PI Last Name (i.e., ARIES Annual User Call - NREL, Taylor). There is no limit to the number of proposals that an applicant may submit.

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4 Proposal Package The proposal package consists of two (2) files: (1) application and (2) summary slide deck. Templates are provided for the summary slide deck and might vary by topic area.

4.1 Proposal Format Proposals should be no more than five (5) single-spaced pages (not including resumes and references) using 11-point font (Times New Roman preferred), should be in single PDF file format, and must include the following components under headings corresponding to :

• Title page: Include proposal title, principal investigator(s) (PIs), brief company description, and nonproprietary summary. Include name, nationality, address, phone number, and email address of the primary contact(s) for both contracting discussions and technical discussions (limited to 1 page, not counted in the 5-page limit).

• 1.0 Abstract: Describe the specific product, component, analysis, or process being developed, refined, or validated. Include how NREL’s unique capabilities are essential to execute the work.

• 2.0 Project description: Describe the project in enough detail that it can be evaluated for feasibility; research impact; relevance to DOE, NREL, and ARIES objectives; and appropriate use of national laboratory capabilities. Indicate the desired laboratory start date and duration of the experiments to be conducted.

• 3.0 Research & development approach: Describe the approach, design of activities, and methods that will be used. Identify the R&D challenges that, if successfully addressed, will result in significant advances. Be clear about how the project will advance the state of the art.

• 4.0 Expected benefits & deliverables: Describe the expected benefits to the research community, EERE, NREL, ARIES, and the economy that would result from successful implementation of the project. List the deliverables and indicate whether there is an expectation to generate intellectual property or publication.

• 5.0 Equipment & resources: Briefly state what critical equipment, resources, and capabilities are required for the project. Include a description and specifications of any non-NREL equipment that would need to be brought to the ESIF or Flatirons Campus.

• 6.0 Funding: Provide a detailed table describing all funding sources, amounts, and whether the funding has been confirmed/awarded or is pending an award decision. Clearly indicate whether any funding will be provided to NREL staff to support the project.

• 7.0 References & technical specifications: In addition to references, proposals may include technical data sheets for devices planned to be brought to the ESIF or Flatirons Campus (not counted in the 5-page limit).

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• 8.0 Team: Single-page resumes of key project participants should be included (not counted in the 5-page limit).

4.2 Summary Slides All proposal packages must include a summary slide deck that adheres to the template provided for each topic. The summary slide template files are provided as part of the document package attached to the solicitation on https://beta.sam.gov/.

• Topic 1: ARIES Project Concepts

• Topic 2: Materials or Device Development.

4.3 Formatting The page format for the application document comprises margins of 1 inch around the text (top, bottom, left, right), with the text at 11-point, single-spaced, Times, Times New Roman, or appropriate symbol font (for math script). The provided PowerPoint template should be used for the summary slide deck.

• Headers and footers: To ensure that your proposal is clearly identified, please include header and footer information (within the top and bottom 1-inch margins) as follows:

Left header: proposal title

Left footer: principle investigator’s name and organization

Right footer: page number.

• Other notes: Applications may contain embedded figures, but the entire document should be legible when printed. The inclusion of figures must not result in exceeding the page limit. The file name on each document should match and follow this format:

Organization name_PI last name.Project title

(i.e., NREL_Taylor.NextGenStorage.pdf and NREL_Taylor.NextGenStorage.ppt)

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5 Review and Allocation Process All eligible proposals will be evaluated by NREL technical research staff and management. To be considered, an applicant must meet all eligibility criteria and have an application package comprising all required materials.

Allocations of laboratory space, equipment, and other necessary resources will be made for up to 12 consecutive months from the laboratory start date. Extensions may be granted based on individual cases.

Review and Allocation Timeline

Annual user call solicitation announced, posted to SAM.gov June 22, 2020

Submission deadline September 30, 2020, 11:59 p.m. MDT

Review period (Topic 1 and Topic 2) August–November 2020

Expected time frame for Topic 1 Topic 2 decisions November 2020

Expected time frame for agreement negotiations 30–90 days

Allocation period of performance Up to 12 months

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6 Review Process Requests that pass the initial compliance screening are subject to review by NREL’s Resource Allocation Committee. Reviewers rate the projects on a scale from 1 (lowest score) to 5 (highest score) according to the following criteria.

6.1 Criteria Reviewers assess applications and assign scores based on research impact, mission alignment, and whether the project contributes to stewardship of the ESIF and Flatirons Campus.

6.2 Ratings and Weighted Scores The below table provides a detailed description of the review criteria. Scores are weighted based on criteria and summed to generate an overall score for each application.

Review Criteria

Score Mission Alignment Research Impact ARIES Stewardship & Strategy

30% 50% 20%

5 Excellent

Aligns with multiple specific NREL/DOE research objectives and clearly articulates how the project will advance the objective(s)

Likely of interest to most of the research community. Will change a paradigm with effects on multiple disciplines and/or market sectors. Very likely to produce intellectual property or lead to peer-reviewed publication

Effective crosscutting usage and addresses goals as outlined. Uses multiple ESIF or IESS systems and capabilities. Very likely to enhance or expand ARIES capabilities. Clearly builds on prior research outcomes, data, models, or lab configurations. Likely to engage a strategic partner for many years

4 Very Good

Aligns with a single NREL/ DOE research objective and clearly articulates how the project will advance the objective(s)

Likely of interest to most of the research community. Will change a paradigm with effects on a single discipline and/or market sector. Likely to produce intellectual property or lead to peer-reviewed publication

Effective laboratory usage: Uses multiple ESIF or IESS systems and crosscutting capabilities. Very likely to enhance or expand ARIES capabilities. Likely to build on prior research outcomes, data, models, or configurations. Likely to engage a strategic partner for the duration of the project

3 Good

Aligns broadly with NREL/DOE mission areas but does not articulate how the project will advance specific research goals of NREL/DOE

Likely of interest to a single discipline in the research community. Will change a paradigm with effects on a single discipline and/or market sector. Might produce intellectual property or lead to peer-reviewed publication

Uses single ESIF and IESS capabilities and/ or systems. Might enhance or expand ARIES capabilities. Might build on research outcomes, data, models, or configurations developed through prior projects. Might bring in a strategic partner

2 Fair

Relates to the NREL/DOE mission area but not to a specific research goal of NREL/DOE

Likely of interest to a single discipline in the research community. Will not change a paradigm with effects on any discipline and/or market sector. Not likely to produce intellectual property or lead to peer-reviewed publication

Uses single ESIF or IESS capabilities and/or systems. Not likely to enhance or expand ARIES capabilities, build on prior research outcomes, data, models, or configurations. Not likely to engage a strategic partner

1 Poor

Does not relate to the NREL/DOE mission

Not likely of interest to the research community. Not likely to change a paradigm with effects on a discipline and/or market sector. Not likely to produce intellectual property or lead to peer-reviewed publication

Uses single ESIF or IESS capabilities and/or system. Will not enhance or expand ARIES capabilities, build on prior research outcomes, data, models, or configurations. Will not engage a strategic partner

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6.3 Conflicts of Interest and Confidentiality Every effort is made to avoid conflicts of interest. Reviewers are required to identify potential conflicts of interest on any projects they are requested to review. If a PI is concerned about a potential conflict of interest, the applicant should provide a summary of the potential conflict in the body of the submission email.

No proprietary information should be included in the application package.

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7 Notification Staff from the ESIF User Program will communicate resource allocation decisions to all applicants. The identities of reviewers are kept confidential, but reviewer comments and composite scores might be available upon request.

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8 Principal Investigator Responsibilities The primary point of contact for the research project will be the PI, and projects should have only one PI. No limit is placed on the number of team members or potential laboratory users associated with a particular project.

Responsibilities of the PI during the proposal and review period are to:

• Submit a completed proposal package by the submission deadline.

• Ensure the accuracy of the proposal content.

• Respond in a timely manner to any requests or questions from NREL regarding the proposal.

After receiving approval to use NREL’s resources, the PI’s responsibilities are to:

• Execute the appropriate agreement associated with the project.

• Ensure that all users complete the necessary training to use the resources safely and securely.

• Communicate changes in schedule, resource needs, or user access to the ESIF User Program in a timely manner.

• Provide an annual summary of results and complete a user survey.

• Share nonproprietary results publicly after the conclusion of the project.

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9 Laboratory Operations Information 9.1 Resource Availability NREL’s resources are closely monitored, and every effort is made to minimize disruptions and maximize availability to users; however, regular maintenance, unanticipated issues, and failure of equipment might cause downtime. NREL’s Laboratory Operations staff takes all precautions to minimize the impact of such events and communicates with users regarding these situations.

9.2 Business Hours Laboratory Operations staff are available to monitor and manage systems and assist users during standard business hours, from 8:00 a.m.–5:00 p.m., Monday–Friday, except on holidays or special campus closures.

9.3 After Hours Laboratory Operations staff also monitors systems outside of standard business hours; however, the center does not maintain an on-call rotation. If hardware or software breaks outside of standard business hours, resolution is not expected to start until the next business day. Unattended operation is granted on the basis of individual cases and only after thorough safety and operational discussions.

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10 Points of Contact • ESIF User Program Integrator: Andrew Hudgins: andrew.hudgins@nrel.gov

• ESIF User Program Coordinator: Heather Newell: heather.newell@nrel.gov