Advanced Real English 2 - bbresources.s3. · PDF fileplay the guitar /UoM fL ZB'WE/ tocar la guitarra play volleyball /UoM 'dFoiVGo/ jugar a voleibol practise the piano /UpæYWBg fL

��Advanced Real English 2 Catalan © B Burlington Books

GlossaryAdvanced Real English 2

IntRoductIon

above /L'VJd/� per sobre (de)

apple /'DUo/� poma

architect /'EYBWCYW/� arquitecte/a

artist /'EWBgW/� artista

athlete /'DeoAW/� esportista; atleta

behind /VB'kOmX/� darrere (de)

between /VB'WrAm/� entre (dues coses)

big /VBZ/� gran, gros/grossa

boots /VIWg/� botes

bread /VpCX/� pa

butter /'VJWL/� mantega

cake /YMY/� pastís

calm /YEl/� tranquil/il·la

cat /YDW/� gat

chicken /'aBYBm/� pollastre

chimpanzee /aBlUDm'hA/� ximpanzé

clever /'YoCdL/� llest/a, intel·ligent

coat /YNW/� abric

computer programmer /YLlUqIWL�'UpLHZpDlL/� programador/a informàtic/a

corn /YGm/� blat de moro

cow /YP/� vaca

curly /'YKoi/� arrissat/ada

dark /XEY/� fosc/a; morè/ena

dentist /'XCmWBgW/� dentista

doctor /'XFYWL/� doctor/a; metge/essa

dress /XpCg/� vestit

eagle /'AZo/� àguila

eggs /CZh/� ous

electrician /BoCY'WpBim/� electricista

elephant /'CoBcLmW/� elefant

evil /'Ado/� dolent/a, malvat/ada

fair /cCL/� clar/a; ros/rossa

fat /cæW/� gras/grassa

firefighter /'cOLcOWL/� bomber/a

fish /cBi/� peix/peixos

fox /cFYg/� guineu

friendly /'cpCmXoi/� simpàtic/a

frog /cpFZ/� granota

fruit /cpIW/� fruita

fruit salad /cpIW�'gDoLX/� macedònia

funny /'cJmi/� graciós/osa, divertit/ida

good-looking /ZHX'oHYBn/� maco/a, atractiu/iva

hard-working /kEX'rKYBn/� treballador/a

hat /kDW/� barret

horse /kGg/� cavall

in /Bm/� en, a, dins (de)

in front of /Bm�'cpJmW�Ld/� davant (de)

jeans /bAmh/� pantalons texans

kind /YOmX/� amable, atent/a

lazy /'oCBhi/� mandrós/osa

long /oFn/� llarg/a

meat /lAW/� carn

milk /lBoY/� llet

mosquito /lL'gYAWLH/� mosquit

mouse /lPg/� ratolí

narrow /'mDpN/� estret/a

nervous /'mKdLg/� nerviós/osa

next to /'mCYgW�WL/� al costat de, a prop de

old /NoX/� vell/a

on /Fm/� a, en, (a) sobre (de)

onion /'JmqLm/� ceba

pancakes /'UDmYMYg/� creps, pancakes

pig /UBZ/� porc

plumber /'UoJlL/� lampista

potato /UL'WMWN/� patata

rabbit /'pDVBW/� conill

rice /pOg/� arròs

sailor /'gMoL/� mariner/a

sandals /'gDmXoh/� sandàlies

sausages /'gFgBbBh/� salsitxes

serious /'gBLpiLg/� seriós/osa, formal

shark /iEY/� tauró

shirt /iKW/� camisa

short /iGW/� baix/a; curt/a

shorts /iGWg/� pantalons curts

skirt /gYKW/� faldilla

small /glGo/� petit/a

snake /gmMY/� serp

socks /gFYg/� mitjons

steak /gWMY/� filet

straight /gWpMW/� llis/a

strawberry /'gWpGVLpi/� maduixa

strong /gWpFn/� fort/a


Glossarysweater /'grCWL/� jersei, suèter

swimsuit /'grBlgIW/� banyador

tall /WGo/� alt/a

thin /eBm/� prim/a

tiger /'WOZL/� tigre

trainers /'WpMmLh/� sabatilles esportives

trousers /'WpPhLh/� pantalons

ugly /'JZoi/� lleig/lletja

under /'JmXL/� (a) sota (de)

unfriendly /Jm'cpCmXoi/� antipàtic/a

vegetables /'dCbWLVoh/� verdura/es

waiter /'rMWL/� cambrer

weak /rAY/� dèbil

wide /rOX/� ample/a

wolf /rHoc/� llop

young /qJn/� jove

unIt 1

aeroplane /'CLpLUoCBm/� avió

all the way /Go�fL�'rM/� tot el viatge / recorregut

another /L'mJfL/� altre/a

backpack /'VDYUDY/� motxilla

by any means /VO�'Cmi lAmh/� de qualsevol manera, de la manera que sigui

camera /'YælLpL/� càmera

canoe /YL'mI/� canoa, piragua

cockroach /'YFYpNWi/� escarabat

establish /B'gWDVoBi/� establir, fundar

family name /'cDlLoi mMl/� cognom

ferry /'cCpi/� transbordador, ferri

fill with /'cBo�rBf/� omplir(-se) de

first name /'cKgW�mMl/� nom

fish /cBi/� pescar

heavily /'kCdBoi/� molt

helicopter /'kCoBYFUWL/� helicòpter

highlights /'kOoOWg/� el més destacat

Home Secretary /kNl�'gCYpLWLpi/� Ministre de l’Interior

including /Bm'YoIXBn/� inclòs/osa

incredible /Bm'YpCXLVo/� increïble

island /'OoLmX/� illa

jeep /bAU/� vehicle tot terreny

journey /'bKmi/� viatge; trajecte

limousine /'oBlLhAm/� limusina

look around /oHY�L'pPmX/� fer una ullada

lose your way /oIh�qG�'rM/� perdre’s

luckily /'oJYBoi/� afortunadament, per sort

maiden name /'lCBXm�mMl/� cognom de soltera

map /lDU/� mapa

middle name /'lBXo�mMl/� segon nom

mistake /lB'gWMY/� errada

motorbike /'lNWLVOY/� motocicleta, moto

motorboat /'lNWLVNW/� embarcació de motor

name �/mMl/� nom

nearby /mBL'VO/� a prop

no way /mN�'rM/� de cap manera; ni parlar-ne

on the way /Fm�fL�'rM/��en el camí

once /rJmg/� una vegada

passport /'UEgUGW/� passaport

population /UFUqI'oMim/� població

programme /'UpNZpDl/� programa

ride /pOX/� passejada, volta

safe /gMc/� segur/a, fora de perill

scooter /'gYIWL/� escúter, moto

ship /iBU/� vaixell

side /gOX/ costat

sink /gBnY/� enfonsar-se

sleeping bag /'goAUBn�VDZ/� sac de dormir

soon /gIm/� aviat

souvenirs /gIdL'mBLh/� records

squirrel /'gYrBpLo/� esquirol

stop working /gWFU�'rKYBn/� deixar de funcionar

suddenly /'gJXLmoi/� de sobte, de cop i volta

suitcase /'gIWYMg/� maleta

sun cream /'gJm�YpAl/� crema solar

surname /'gKmMl/� cognom

taxi /'WæYgi/� tax i

time /WOl/� cop

torch /WGa/� llanterna

train /WpMm/� tren

tram /WpDl/� tramvia

travel (n) /'Wpædo/� viatge

travel (v) /'Wpædo/� viatjar

travel guide /'Wpædo�ZOX/� guia de viatges

trip /WpBU/� viatge, excursió

true /WpI/� verdader/a, cert/a

truth /WpIe/� veritat

turtle /'WKWo�/� tortuga

underground /'JmXLZpPmX/� metro

van /dDm/� furgoneta, camioneta

wallet /'rFoBW/� cartera (de butxaca)

waterproof mat /rGWLUpIc�'læW/� estoreta impermeable

way /rM/� forma, manera; camí

ways of life /rMh�Ld�'oOc/� estils de vida, maneres de viure

�� Advanced Real English 2 Catalan © B Burlington Books

Glossarywhile /rOo/� mentre (que)

yacht /qFW/� iot

your own way /qG�Nm�'rM/� (a) la teva manera

unIt 2

a rise in temperature /L�pOh�Bm�'WClUpLaL/� una pujada / un augment de la temperatura / febre

ability /L'VBoLWi/� habilitat, capacitat

advice /LX'dOg/� consell/s

affect /L'cCYW/� afectar, influir en

aquatics /L'YrDWBYg/� esports aquàtics

at the beginning /DW�fL�VB'ZBmBn/� al començament

behaviour /VB'kMdqL/� comportament, conducta

believe /VB'oAd/� creure

break a record /VpMY�L�'pCYGX/� batre un rècord

carbohydrate /YEVN'kOXpMW/� carbohidrat, hidrat de carboni

celebrate /'gCoBVpMW/� celebrar

champion /'aDlUiLm/� campió/ona

championship /'aDlUiLmiBU/� campionat

cloudy /'YoPXi/� ennuvolat/ada

coach /YNWi/� entrenador/a

cold /YNoX/� fred/a

cool /YIo/� fresc/a

disappear /XBgL'UBL/� desaparèixer

especially /B'gUCiLoi/� especialment, sobretot

expect /BY'gUCYW/� esperar

finish line /'cBmBi�oOm/� línia d’arribada

fresh water�/cpCi�'rGWL/� aigua dolça

from the beginning /cpLl�fL�VB'ZBmBn/� des del començament

get tired /ZCW�'WOLX/� cansar-se

glacier /'ZoDgiL/� glacera

global warming /ZoNVo�'rGlBn/� escalfament global

grow /ZpN/� conrear, cultivar

have a temperature /kLd�L�'WClUpLaL/� tenir febre

high /kO/� alt/a, elevat/ada

hot /kFW/� calorós/osa, càlid/a (it’s ~: fa calor); modern/a

in the middle /Bm�fL�'lBXo/� a mig, a meitat

increase /'BmYpAg/� augment

indoors /Bm'XGh/� a un lloc cobert, (a) dins

intelligence /Bm'WCoBbLmg/� intel·ligència

juice /bIg/� suc

kick /YBY/� donar cops de peu a, colpejar

lightning /'oOWmBn/� llamp/s, llampec/s

lose /oIh/� perdre

match /læWi/� partit, combat

melt /lCoW/� desfer-se, fondre(’s)

mountain /'lPmWLm/� muntanya

outdoors /PW'XGh/� a l’aire lliure, (a) fora

owner /'NmL/� propietari/ària

physical /'cBhBYo/� físic/a

quiz /YrBh/� prova, test

race /pMg/� cursa

rain /pMm/� pluja

rainy /'pMmi/� plujós/osa

referee /pCcL'pA/� àrbitre/a

score goals /gYG�'ZNoh/� marcar gols

ski resort /'gYA�pBhGW/� estació d’esquí

snow /gmN/� neu

snowboarding /'gmNVGXBn/� fer / practicar surf de neu

snowy /'gmNi/� nevat/ada, de neu

stormy /'gWGli/� tempestuós/osa (it’s ~: hi ha tempesta)

sunny /'gJmi/� assolellat/ada (it’s ~: fa sol)

sweat /grCW/� suar

sweet /grAW/� dolç/a

take your temperature /WMY�qG�'WClUpLaL/� prendre la temperatura

team /WAl/� equip

temperature /'WClUpLaL/� temperatura; febre

thunder /'eJmXL/� tro/ns

together /WL'ZCfL/� junts/es

towards the end /WLrGXh�fL�'CmX/� cap al final

trouble /'WpJVo/� problema (in ~: en un embolic)

underwater /JmXL'rGWL/� sota l’aigua

wait for /rMW�cL/� esperar (que)

warm /rGl/� temperat/ada, càlid/a

win /rBm/� guanyar

wind /rBmX/� vent

windy /'rBmXi/� ventós/osa, de vent (it’s ~: fa vent)

unIt 3

art /EW/� art; dibuix

ask for permission /EgY�cL�UL'lBim/� demanar permís

atlas /'DWoLg/� atles

biology /VO'FoLbi/� biologia

bookshop /'VHYiFU/� llibreria

browse the web /VpPh�fL�'rCV/� navegar per la web / Internet

business studies /'VBhmLg�gWJXBh/� ciències empresarials

calculator /'YDoYqHoMWL/� calculadora

chat with friends /aDW�rBf�'cpCmXh/� xerrar / conversar amb els amics/igues

chemistry /'YClBgWpi/� química

computer game /YLl'UqIWL�ZMl/� joc d’ordinador


Glossarydefinitely /'XCcBmLWoi/� sens dubte, per descomptat

dictionary /'XBYiLmpi/� diccionari

drama /'XpElL/� teatre

English /'BnZoBi/� anglès

enjoy /Bm'bQ/� gaudir (de)

enterprise /'CmWLUpOh/� empresa

exam /BZ'hDl/� examen

fact /cæYW/� dada; fet

fail a test /cMo�L�'WCgW/� suspendre un examen

fall /cGo/� baixar, descendre

feel /cAo/� sentir-se

French /cpCma/� francès

geography /bi'FZpLci/� geografia

get permission /ZCW�UL'lBim/� obtenir permís

give permission /ZBd�UL'lBim/� donar permís, permetre

go dancing /ZLH�'XEmgBn/� anar a ballar

go ice skating /ZLH�'Og�gYMWBn/� anar a patinar sobre gel

go to parties /ZLH�WL�'UEWih/� anar a festes

have permission /kLd�UL'lBim/� tenir permís

history /'kBgWpi/� història

home economics /kNl�AYL'mFlBYg/� economia domèstica

ICT /O�gA�'WA/� TIC, Tecnologies de la informació i la comunicació

improve /Bl'UpId/� millorar

laptop computer /oDUWFU�YLl'UqIWL/� ordinador portàtil

lesson /'oCgm/� classe

library /'oOVpLpi/� biblioteca

literature /'oBWpLWiL/� literatura

loud /oPX/� fort/a; escandalós/osa

mall (Am. Eng.) /lGo/� centre comercial

maths /lDeg/� mates (matemàtiques)

middle /'lBXo/� meitat, mig

music /'lqIhBY/� música

notebook /'mNWVHY/� llibreta

notes /mNWg/� notes, apunts

on a regular basis /Fm�L�'pCZqLoL�VMgBg/� de manera habitual

paints /UCBmWg/� pintures

pass a test /UEg�L�'WCgW/� aprovar un examen

PE /UA'A/� educació física

physics /'cBhBYg/� física

play the guitar /UoM�fL�ZB'WE/� tocar la guitarra

play volleyball /UoM�'dFoiVGo/� jugar a voleibol

practise the piano /UpæYWBg�fL�Ui'DmN/� practicar piano

quiz /YrBh/� fer preguntes, preguntar

remember /pB'lLlVL/� recordar(-se de)

remind /pB'lOmX/� recordar (alguna cosa a algú)

research /pB'gKa/� recerca

ride a bike /pOX�L�'VOY/� muntar / anar en bici

send text messages /gCmX�'WCYgW�lCgBbg/� enviar missatges (de text)

shopping centre /'iFUBn�gCmWL/� centre comercial

skill /gYBo/� habilitat

skip /gYBU/�saltar

spend /gUCmX/� gastar

study for a test /gWJXi cL�L�'WCgW/� estudiar per a un examen

subject /'gJVbBYW/� assignatura

take a test /WMY�L�'WCgW/� fer un examen

tennis racket /'WCmBg�pDYBW/� raqueta de tennis

test /WCgW/� examen, prova, test

textbook /'WCsWVHY/� llibre de text

tip /WBU/� consell

tired /'WOLX/� cansat/ada

turn into /WKm�'BmWL/�convertir(-se) / transformar(-se) en

unIt 4

ancient /'MmiLmW/� antic/iga

attractive /L'WpDYWBd/� atractiu/iva, bonic/a

branch /VpEma/� branca

bright /VpOW/� brillant; viu/viva (color)

bush /VHi/� arbust

busy /'VBhi/� ocupat/ada; concorregut/uda

carat /'YDpLW/� quirat

carob /'YDpLV/� garrofa

character /'YæpLYWL/� personatge

cheap /aAU/� barat/a

colourful /'YJoLco/� acolorit/ida, de colors vius

conquer /'YFnYL/� conquerir

crowded /'YpPXBX/� ple/plena de gent

death /XCe/� (de la) mort

discovery /XB'gYJdLpi/� descobriment

dry /XpO/� sec/a, àrid/a

dull /XJo/� esmorteït/ïda; sense brillantor, apagat/ada

elaborate /B'oDVLpLW/� elaborat/ada, recarregat/ada

expensive /BY'gUCmgBd/� car/a

exploit /BY'gUoQW/� gesta, proesa

fit /cBW/� anar bé, encaixar

flower /'coPL/� flor

forever /cLp'CdL/� per sempre

gain control /ZMm�YLm'WpNo/� aconseguir el control

gold /ZLHoX/� or

gold rush /'ZLHoX�pJi/� febre de l’or

golden /'ZLHoXLm/� daurat/ada, d’or

hard /kEX/� dur/a, molt


Glossaryhardly /'kEXoi/� a penes

heavy /'kCdi/� pesat/ada

in control /Bm�YLm'WpNo/� que mana / controla, serè/ena

jewellery /'bILopi/� joieria, joies

land /oDmX/� terra (~ animal: animal terrestre)

last /oEgW/� durar

lawn /oGm/� gespa

leaf /oAc/� fulla

light /oOW/� lleuger/a, lleu

lively /'oOdoi/� animat/ada, bulliciós/osa

look for /'oHY�cG/� buscar

lose control /oIh�YLm'WpNo/� perdre el control

low /oLH/� baix/a

mining area /'lOmBn�CLpiL/� àrea / zona minera

noisy /'mQhi/� sorollós/osa

ordinary /'GXmpi/� normal, corrent

out of control /PW�Ld�YLm'WpNo/� fora de control, descontrolat/ada

peaceful /'UAgco/� tranquil/il·la

perhaps /UL'kDUg/� potser

plain /UoCBm/� senzill/a

pleasant /'UoChmW/� agradable

reach /pAa/� aconseguir, arribar a

real /'pALo/� autèntic/a, verdader/a

reason /'pAhm/� raó, motiu

recycle /pA'gOYo/� reciclar

redwood /'pCXrHX/� sequoia vermella

right /pOW/� dret

rocky /'pFYi/� rocallós/osa

root /pIW/� arrel

sandy /'gDmXi/� sorrenc/a, de sorra

search (n) /gKa/� recerca, cerca

search (v) /gKa/� recercar, cercar

seed /gAX/� llavor

sequoia /gB'YrQL/� sequoia

shady /'iMXi/� ombrívol/a

soft /gFcW/� suau; tou/tova

state /gWMW/� estat

strong /gWpFn/� fort/a

take control /WMY�YLm'WpNo/� aconseguir el control; portar les regnes

tear /WBL/� llàgrima

tree /WpA/� arbre

trunk /WpJnY/� tronc

unattractive /JmL'WpDYWBd/� poc atractiu/iva

unusual /Jm'qIjHLo/� inusual, poc corrent

up to /'JU�WL/� fins (a)

valley /'dDoi/� vall

valuable /'dæoqHLVo/� valuós/osa

weak /rAY/� dèbil

weight /rMW/� pes

unIt 5

adopt /L'XFUW/� adoptar

alone /L'oNm/� sol/a

Arctic /'EYWBY/� àrtic/a

bath /VEe/� banyar

be alone /VA�L'oNm/� estar sol/a

bounce /VPmg/� botar, rebotar

bring /VpBn/� portar (~ back to life: tornar a la vida)

by choice /VO�'aQg/� per decisió pròpia

by yourself /VO�qG'gCoc/� sol/a; sense ajut

catch /YDa/� agafar, enxampar

choice /aQg/� tria; opció, alternativa

claim /YoMl/� afirmació

crash /YpDi/� xocar, estavellar(-se)

dig /XBZ/� cavar, excavar

discover /XB'gYJdL/� descobrir

dive /XOd/� bussejar; submergir(-se)

diver /'XOdL/� bussejador/a; submarinista, bus

DNA /XA�Cm�'M/� ADN

Earth /Ke/� la Terra

egg /CZ/� ou; òvul

explore /BY'gUoG/� explorar

extinct /BY'gWBnYW/� extingit/ida, desaparegut/uda (become ~: extingir-se, desaparèixer)

feed /cAX/� alimentar, donar menjar

first choice /cKgW�'aQg/� primera opció

floor /coG/� pis, planta

focus /'cNYLg/� centre / focus d’atenció

for long /cL�'oFn/� molt de temps

goat /ZNW/� cabra

grapefruit /'ZpMUcpIW/� aranja

ground /ZpPmX/� terra

have no choice /kLd�mN�'aQg/� no tenir alternativa / opció

hold /kNoX/� sostenir, aguantar

hole /kNo/� forat, sot

land /oDmX/� aterrar, amarar; caure, anar a parar

leave someone alone /oAd�gJlrJm�L'oNm/� deixar sol/a / en pau a algú

light /oOW/� llum

lonely /'oNmoi/� sol/a; solitari/ària

make a choice /lMY�L�'aQg/� triar

meteor /'lAWiL/� meteorit


Glossarymethod /'lCeLX/� mètode

milk /lBoY/� munyir

mixed /lBYgW/ divers/a, oposat/ada

on your own /Fm�qG�'Nm/� sol/a; sense ajut

parachute /'UDpLiIW/� llançar-se / saltar en paracaigudes

pool /UIo/� piscina; tanc

prehistoric /UpAkB'gWFpBY/� prehistòric/a

preserve /UpB'hKd/� preservar, conservar

pull /UHo/� tirar (de), arrossegar

push /UHi/� empentar, empènyer

Pyrenean ibex /UipLmCLm�'OVCYg/� cabra pirinenca

recreate /pAYpi'MW/� recrear

row /pN/� remar (en)

sabre-toothed tiger /gMVLWIeW�'WOZL/� felí de dents de sabre

save /gMd/� salvar

short-faced bear /'iGWcMgW�VS/� ós de cara curta

solo /'gNoLH/� sol/a, en solitari

spectacled bear /'gUCYWLYoX�VS/� ós andí / d’antifaç

succeed /gLY'gAX/� tenir èxit, sortir bé

survive /gL'dOd/� sobreviure

swim /grBl/� nedar

touch /WJWi/� tocar

train /WpMm/� ensinistrar

trek /WpCY/� fer senderisme, trescar, fer una caminada

volunteer /dFoLm'WBL/� fer voluntariat, ser voluntari/ària

whale /rMo/� balena

woolly mammoth /rHoi 'lDlLe/� mamut llanut

woolly rhino /rHoi 'pOmN/� rinoceront llanut

unIt 6

air conditioner /'CL�YLmXBiLmL/� (aparell d’)aire condicionat

alarm clock /L'oEl�YoFY/� despertador

ambulance siren /'DlVqLoLmg�gOpLm/� sirena d’ambulància

audience /'GXiLmg/�públic, espectadors/es

awake /L'rCBY/� despert/a

blender /'VoCmXL/� batedora, liquadora

brain /VpMm/� cervell

break a heart /VpMY�L�'kEW/� trencar un cor

car horn /'YE�kGm/� botzina del cotxe, clàxon

classical /'YoDgBYo/� (música) clàssica

come out /YJl�'PW/� sortir al mercat

coordination /YNGXB'mCBim/� coordinació

costume /'YFgWqIl/� de disfresses

country /'YJmWpi/� (música) country

damage /'XDlBXj/� fer malbé, perjudicar

danger signal /'XMmbL�gBZmLo/� senyal de perill

decibel /'XCgBVCo/� decibel

drill /XpBo/� trepant, taladradora

drums /XpJlh/� bateria(/es); tambors

electric shaver /BoCYWpBY�'iMdL/� màquina d’afaitar elèctrica

environment /Bm'dOpLmlLmW/� ambient, entorn

find a solution /cOmX�L�gL'oIim/� trobar una solució

find it in yourself /cOmX�BW�Bm�qG'gCoc/� animar-se a / trobar motius per (fer alguna cosa)

find out /cOmX�'PW/� descobrir, esbrinar

find the time /cOmX�fL�'WOl/� trobar temps / el moment

find your way /cOmX�qG�'rM/� orientar-se

greater /'ZpCBWL/� més gran

guitar /ZB'WE/� guitarra

hairdryer /'kCLXpOL/� eixugacabells

hard rock /kEX�'pFY/� heavy (rock)

heart /kEW/� cor

heart attack /'kEW�LWDY/� atac de cor, infart

hip-hop /'kBUkFU/� hip-hop

illegally /B'oAZLoi/� il·legalment

instrument /'BmgWpLlLmW/� instrument

iron /'OLm/� planxa

jazz /bDh/� jazz

keyboard /'YAVGX/� teclat

Latin /'oDWBm/� (música) llatina

lawnmower /'oGmlNL/ tallagespa

learn by heart /oKm�VO�'kEW/� aprendre de memòria

live /oBd/� en viu / directe

machinery /lL'iAmLpi/� maquinària

mark /lEY/� nota, qualificació

measure /'lCjL/� mesurar

MP4 player /ClUA'cG�UoML/� reproductor d’MP4

musician /lqI'hBim/� músic/a

noise-meter /'mQhlAWL/� mesurador de soroll

perform /UL'cGl/� actuar; interpretar

pop /UFU/� pop

public /'UJVoBY/� públic

R&B /p�mX�'VA/� Rhythm and Blues

rap /pDU/� rap

reggae /'pCZM/� reggae

rhythm /'pBfLl/� ritme

rock /pFY/� rock

salsa /'gDogL/� salsa

saxophone /'gDYgLcNm/� saxòfon

sound system /'gPmX�gBgWLl/� equip de so

sudden /'gJXm/� sobtat/ada, inesperat/ada

the heart of the matter /fL�kEW�Ld�fL�'lDWL/� el quid de la qüestió


GlossaryUK /qI'YM/� Regne Unit

vacuum cleaner /'dDYqHLl�YoAmL/� aspiradora

vinyl record /'dOmo�pCYGX/� disc de vinil

violin /dOL'oBm/� violí

wake up /rMY�'JU/� despertar(-se)

zoom /hIl/� anar / passar a tota velocitat

unIt 7

according to /L'YGXBn�WL/� d’acord amb, segons

after-world /'EcWLrKoX/� el més enllà

angry /'DnZpi/� enfadat/ada

apply for a job /L'UoO�cL�L�bFV/� presentar-se a / sol·licitar una feina

bad luck /VDX�'oJY/� mala sort

bless /VoCg/� beneir

bored /VGX/� avorrit/ida

break /VpMY/� trencar

bring /VpBn/� portar

carry /'YDpi/� portar

cave /YMd/� cova

century /'gCmaLpi/� segle

common /'YFlLm/� comú, corrent, freqüent

confused /YLm'cqIhX/� confós/osa, desconcertat/ada

connection /YL'mCYim/� connexió, relació

crack /YpDY/� esquerda

dark /XEY/� foscor

dead /XCX/� mort/a

deadly /'XCXoi/� mortal, mortífer/a

death /XCe/� mort

die /XO/� morir

die for /XO�'cL/� morir per

die of /XO�'Ld/� morir de

disappear /XBgL'UBL/� desaparèixer

dream /XpAl/� somiar

drop /XpFU/� deixar caure; llençar

dying to /'XOn�WL/� que es mor per / de ganes de

early /'Koi/� primer/a

embarrassed /Bl'VDpLgW/� avergonyit/ida, violent/a, incòmode/a

excited /BY'gOWBX/� emocionat/ada, il·lusionat/ada

exhausted /BZ'hGgWBX/� exhaust/a, esgotat/ada

four-leafed clover /cGoAcW�'YoPdL/� trèvol de quatre fulles

frightened /'cpOWmX/� espantat/ada, amb por

get a job /ZCW�L�'bFV/� aconseguir una feina

goddess /'ZFXCg/� deessa

have a job /kLd�L�'bFV/� tenir una feina

hug /kJZ/� abraçar

immediately /B'lAXiLWoi/� immediatament

job /bFV/� feina, ocupació

jobless /'bFVoLg/� sense feina, a l’atur

kiss /YBg/� besar

level /'oCdo/� nivell

lose a job /oIh�L�'bFV/� perdre una feina

lucky charm /oJYi 'aEl/� amulet de la sort

manufacturer /lDmqH'cDYWiLpL/� fabricant

mercury /'lKYqLpi/� mercuri

Middle Ages /lBXo�'CBbBh/� edat mitjana

monk /lJnY/� monjo

pick /UBY/� agafar, collir, recollir

prisoner /'UpBhmL/� presoner/a

proud /UpPX/� orgullós/osa

put /UHW/� posar

refuse /pB'cqIh/� negar-se

run away /pJm�L'rCB/� escapar, fugir

sail /gMo/� navegar; salpar

salary /'gDoLpi/� salari, sou

scratch /gYpDa/� gratar-se

scream /gYpAl/� cridar, xisclar

sneeze /gmAh/� esternudar

sound /gPmX/� semblar

spirit /'gUBpBW/� esperit, ànima

statue /'gWDaI/� estàtua

step /gWCU/� trepitjar

still /gWBo/� encara

superstition /gIUL'gWBim/� superstició

surprised /gL'UpOhX/� sorprès/esa

sweep /grAU/� escombrar

symbol /'gBlVo/� símbol

take /WMY/� agafar, portar

thrilled /epBoX/� entusiasmat/ada, contentíssim/a

throw /epN/� llançar; llençar; tirar

throw away /epN�'LrM/��llençar, desfer-se de

turn into (stone) /WKm�BmWL�'gWNm/� convertir(-se) en (pedra)

unlucky /Jm'oJYi/� desafortunat/ada, de mala sort; que porta mala sort

upset /JU'gCW/� disgustat/ada, molest/a

village /'dBoBb/� poble, llogaret

visitor /'dBhBWL/� visitant

wish /rBi/� desitjar

witch /rBa/� bruixa

worried /'rJpiX/� amoïnat/ada


Glossary

unIt 8

age /CBb/� edat

alive /L'oOd/� viu/viva

aquarium /L'YrCLpiLl/� aquari

balcony /'VDoYLmi/� balcó, terrassa

blind /VoOmX/� cec/cega

bowling alley /'VLHoBn�Doi/� pista de bitlles

buy tickets /VO�'WBYBWg/� comprar entrades

café /'YæcM/� cafeteria, cafè

car park /'YE�UEY/� aparcament, pàrquing

ceiling /'gAoBn/� sostre

chemist´s /'YClBgWg/� farmàcia

Chinese /WiO'mAh/� xinès/esa; xinès (idioma)

collect /YL'oCYW/� collir / recollir; col·leccionar

curious /'YqHLpiLg/� curiós/osa

customer /'YJgWLlL/� client/a

department store /XB'UEWlLmW�gWG/� grans magatzems

electronics shop /BoCY'WpFmBYg�iFU/� botiga d’electrònica

extraordinary /BY'gWpGXLmpi/� extraordinari/ària; increïble, insòlit/a

floor /coG/� pis, planta; terra

football field /'cHWVGo�cAoX/� camp de futbol

frightening /'cpOWmBn/� aterridor/a, espantós/osa

garage /'ZDpEj/� garatge

get a haircut /ZCW�L�'kCLYJW/� tallar-se els cabells

glass /ZoEg/� vidre

go bowling /ZLH�'VLHoBn/� anar a jugar a bitlles

go on rides /ZLH�Fm�'pOXh/� pujar a les atraccions

hairdresser´s /'kCLXpCgLh/� perruqueria

hang out /kæn�'PW/� passar el temps / l’estona

have a look at /kLd�L�'oHY�LW/� fer una ullada a

have fun /kDd�'cJm/� divertir-se, passar-ho bé

high up /kO�'JU/� a dalt

hire /'kOL/� llogar; contractar

hotel /kN'WCo/� hotel

ice hockey /'Og�kFYi/� hoquei sobre gel

ice rink /'Og�pBnY/� pista de gel

ice-skate /'OggYMW/� patinar sobre gel

ice skating /'Og�gYMWBn/� patinatge sobre gel

indoor /'BmXG/� cobert/a, interior

Indian Ocean /BmXiLm�'Nim/� oceà Índic

join /bQm/� posar-se / unir-se a

kid /YBX/� nen/a

live /oBd/� en viu / directe

Maldivian /lGo'XBdiLm/� maldivià/ana; divehi (idioma)

market /'lEYBW/� mercat

meeting /'lAWBn/� reunió, trobada

Middle East /lBXo�'AgW/� Orient Mitjà, Pròxim Orient

move around /lId�L'pPmX/� moure’s / traslladar-se d’un lloc a un altre

odd /FX/� estrany/a

oil /Qo/� petroli; petrolier/a

Olympic-sized /L'oBlUBYgOhX/� de dimensions olímpiques

order a pizza /GXL�L�'UAWgL/� demanar una pizza

outdoor /'PWXG/� a l’aire lliure, descobert/a, exterior

own /Nm/� propi/pròpia

peculiar /UB'YqIoiL/� estrany/a; peculiar

pub /UJV/� pub, bar

rent /pCmW/� llogar

reservation /pChL'dMim/� reserva

ride /pOX/� atracció

roof /pIc/� sostre, teulada

sky /gYO/� cel

sorbet /'gGVM/� sorbet

stay at home /gWM�LW�'kNl/� quedar-se a casa

step /gWCU/� esglaó, graó

store /gWG/� desar, posar

strange /gWpMmb/� estrany/a

take a nap /WMY�L�'mDU/� fer la migdiada

take photos /WMY�'cNWNh/� fer fotos

tank /WDnY/� tanc, aquari

theme park /'eAl�UEY/� parc temàtic

underwater (adj) /JmXL'rGWL/� submarí/ina, subaquàtic/a

underwater (adv) /JmXL'rGWL/� sota l’aigua

unusual /Jm'qIjHLo/� poc freqüent, inusual

video game /'dBXiLH�ZMl/� videojoc

wait in a queue /rMW�Bm�L�'YqI/� esperar a una / fer cua

walk through /rGY�'epI/� caminar a través de, passar per

wall /rGo/� paret

weird /rBLX/� estrany/a

worker /'rKYL/� treballador/a

zoo /hI/� zoo, zoològic

unIt 9

actually /'DYWiToi/� en realitat, de fet

ADHD /M�XA�Ma�'Xi/� TDAH, Trastorn per dèficit d’atenció amb hiperactivitat

alone /L'oNm/� sol/a; només, únicament (by women ~: només per dones)

armour /'ElL/� armadura

aunt /EmW/� tia

Amazon /'DlLhLm/� amazona


Glossarybe born /VA�VGm/� néixer

become /VB'YJl/� esdevenir, convertir-se en, fer-se

boarding school /'VGXBn�gYIo/� internat

bow and arrow /VP�LmX�'DpN/� arc i fletxes

capture /'YæUWiL/� apoderar-se de

changing /'aMmbBn/� canviant

commit /YL'lBW/� cometre

cousin /'YJhm/� cosí/ina

cry /YpO/� plorar; fer un crit

daughter /'XGWL/� filla

deal with /'XAo�rBf/ resoldre, solucionar

destroy /XB'gWpQ/� destruir

die /XO/� morir

fact /cæYW/� fet

fall in love /cGo�Bm�'oJd/� enamorar-se

father-in-law /'cEfLBmoG/� sogre

female /'cAlMo/� dona

fight /cOW/� lluitar

get a job /ZCW�L�'bFV/� aconseguir una feina

get along /ZCW�L'oFn/� avenir-se

get divorced /ZCW�XB'dGgX/� divorciar-se

get married /ZCW�'lDpiX/� casar-se

god /ZFX/� déu

granddaughter /'ZpDmXGWL/� néta

grandfather /'ZpDmcEfL/� avi

grandmother /'ZpDmlJfL/� àvia

grandparents /'ZpDmUSpLmWg/� avis

grandson /'ZpDmgJm/� nét

have children /kDd�'WiBoXpLm/� tenir fills

howl /kPo/� udolar; bramar

human /'kqIlLm/� humà/ana

humane /kqI'lCBm/� humà/ana, humanitari/ària

husband /'kJhVLmX/� marit, espòs

legend /'oCbLmX/� llegenda

male /lCBo/� baró; home

meet /lAW/� conèixer; trobar-se

moan /lNm/� gemegar, queixar-se; lamentar

mother-in-law /'lJfLBmoG/� sogra

move /lId/� mudar-se, traslladar-se

murder /'lKXL/� assassinat

myth /lBe/� mite

nephew /'mCcqI/� nebot

niece /mAg/� neboda

notice /'mNWBg/� adonar-se’n

only /'Nmoi/� només

punishment /'UJmBilLmW/� càstig

put down /UHW�'XPm/� deixar (anar)

put off /UHW�'Fc/� ajornar

put out /UHW�'PW/� treure; apagar

put up /UHW�'JU/� apujar; aixecar (~ with: suportar, aguantar)

reader /'pAXL/� lector/a

(be) related to /(VA)�pB'oCBWBX�WI/� (estar) emparentat/ada amb, (ser) parent de

review /pB'dqI/� ressenya, crítica

run /pJm/� dirigir, governar

scream /gYpAl/� cridar, xisclar

set /gCW/� plató (be ~: estar ambientat/ada)

shout /iPW/� cridar

shriek /ipAY/� xisclar

siblings /'gBVoBnh/� germans/es

skeleton /'gYCoBWm/� esquelet

son /gJm/� fill

stepfather /'gWCUcEfL/� padrastre

stepmother /'gWCUlJfL/� madrastra

stepson /'gWCUgJm/� fillastre

study /'gWJXi/� estudiar

Trojan War /WpNbLm�'rG/� guerra de Troia

tribe /WpOV/� tribu

trouble /'WpJVo/� problema/es, embolic/s (get into ~: ficar-se en problemes / embolics)

turn around /WKm�L'pPmX/� girar(-se)

turn into /WKm�'BmWL/� convertir(-se) / transformar(-se) en

turn out /WKm�'PW/� resultar

uncle /'JnYo/� oncle

warrior /'rFpiL/� guerrer/a

weep /rAU/� plorar

widow /'rBXN/� vídua (become a ~: enviduar, esdevenir vídua)

widower /'rBXNL/� vidu

wife /rOc/� dona, esposa

yell /qCo/� cridar, xisclar

1010Advanced Real English 2 Catalan © B Burlington Books

GrammarAppendix

IntroductIon

CONTRASTpresent simple / present continuous• ElPresent Simpleexpressahàbitsirutinesmentrequeel

Present Continuousindicaallòqueestàpassantenelmomentenquèesparla.

They usually have lunch at home, but today they’re eating at a restaurant.(Normalmentemengenacasa,peròavuiestanmenjantenunrestaurant.)

• Perferla3apersonadelsingulardelPresent Simplelamajoriadeverbsafegeixen-s:

like - likes walk - walksread - reads sit - sits

Enelscasossegüents,s’hiafegeix-esenllocde-s:

-Siacabaenss,sh,chox: pass - passes watch - watcheswash - washes mix - mixes

-Siacabaeno: do - does go - goes

-Siacabaenconsonant+y,canvialayperunai: study - studies carry - carries

• PerferelPresent Continuouscalfixar-seenaquestesreglesortogràfiquesperafegir-ing:

-Siacabaene muda,esperdlae: live - living

-Sité1síl·labaiacabaen1 vocal+1 consonant,esdoblalaconsonant: run - running sit - sitting

-Sité2síl·labesil’accentaladarrera,esdoblalaconsonantfinal: prefer - preferring begin - beginning

-Siacabaenl,esdoblaaquestalletra: travel - travelling

-Siacabaenie,escanviaieperunay: lie - lying die - dying

• Elsverbsestàticss’utilitzenperexpressargustos,desitjos,sentimentsiemocions,activitatsdelamentiopinions,percepcióipossessióinos’acostumenaferservirambelPresent Continuous.

lovelikehatewant

gustos,desitjos,sentimentsiemocions

thinkrememberknowunderstandbelieve

activitatsdelamentiopinions

seehearsmelltastefeel

percepció

own possessió

He wants a new computer.(Ellvolunordinadornou.)

Do you think he’s ill?(Creusqueestàmalalt?)

I don’t hear you.(Noetsento.)

They own a house on the beach.(Ellstenenunacasaalaplatja.)

EL past simple

Afirmativa Negativa Forma abreujada

Ishouted I did not shout I didn’t shout

Youshouted Youdid not shout You didn’t shout

Heshouted He did not shout He didn’t shout

Sheshouted She did not shout She didn’t shout

Itshouted It did not shout It didn’t shout

Weshouted We did not shout We didn’t shout

Youshouted You did not shout You didn’t shout

Theyshouted They did not shout They didn’t shout

InterrogativaRespostes breus

Afirmativa Negativa

Did Ishout ...? Yes,I did. No,I didn’t.

Did youshout ...? Yes,you did. No,you didn’t.

Did heshout ...? Yes,he did. No,he didn’t.

Did sheshout ...? Yes,she did. No,she didn’t.

Did itshout ...? Yes,it did. No,it didn’t.

Did weshout ...? Yes,we did. No,we didn’t.

Did youshout ...? Yes,you did. No,you didn’t.

Did theyshout ...? Yes,they did. No,they didn’t.

1010 1111

GrammarAppendix

Advanced Real English 2 Catalan © B Burlington Books

• Afirmativa:esfaafegint-edalsverbsregularsiésigualperatoteslespersones.

I watched TV last night.(Vaigveurelatelevisióanit.)

Enelscasossegüents,calfixar-seenaquestesreglesortogràfiquesperafegir-ed:

-Siacabaene muda,noméshiafegim-d: dance - danced arrive - arrived

-Sité1síl·labaiacabaen1 vocal+1 consonant,doblaaquestaconsonant: stop - stopped plan - planned

-Sité2síl·labesil’accentaladarrera,doblalaconsonantfinal: prefer - preferred permit - permitted

-Siacabaenl,doblaaquestalletra: travel - travelled

-Siacabaenconsonant + y,canvialayperunai: study - studied try - tried

Elsverbsirregularscanvienlasevaformadepassatenafirmativa.Nosegueixencapreglai,pertant,calaprendre’ls dememòria.Potsconsultarlallistadelespàgines23-24.

• Negativa:subjecte+did notodidn’t+unverbenlaformabase.

She didn’t eat ice cream yesterday.(Ellanovamenjarungelatahir.)

• Interrogativa:Did+subjecte+unverbenlaformabase.

Did your friend like his present?(Alteuamiclivaagradarelregal?)

• Respostes breus:esposaelpronompersonalsubjecte +didodidn’t.

Did you drink your tea? Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t.(Etvasbeureelte?Sí./No.)

Els usos del past simpleExpressaraccionspassades

He enjoyed the party.(Ellvadisfrutardelafesta.)

Dirallòquevamferenunmomentconcret

The teacher gave us an exam last Tuesday.(Elprofessorensvaposarunexamendimartspassat.)

Explicarhistòriesenpassat

I had breakfast. Then I went for a walk.(Vaigesmorzar.Desprésvaiganarapassejar.)

Explicarcomerenlescosesenunaltretemps

In the past, people didn’t use computers. (Enelpassat,lagentnoutilitzavaordinadors.)

•AmbelPast Simples’acostumenautilitzaraquestesexpressions temporals:lesqueportenago(fa)alfinal del’expressió,last night/week/year (anit,lasetmanapassada,l’anypassat),at+unahora,on+undiaounadata,in+unany,in the past(enelpassat),yesterday(ahir),etc.

Podenanaralcomençamentoalfinaldelafrase,peròs’acostumenaposaralfinal.

He slept at Tom’s house on Saturday.(Ellvadormiracasad’enTomdissabte.)

Neil Armstrong walked on the moon in 1969.(NeilArmstrongvatrepitjarlallunael1969.)

EL past continuousAfirmativa Negativa Forma abreujada

Iwas doing Iwas not doing Iwasn’t doing

Youwere doing Youwere not doing Youweren’t doing

Hewas doing Hewas not doing Hewasn’t doing

Shewas doing Shewas not doing Shewasn’t doing

Itwas doing Itwas not doing Itwasn’t doing

Wewere doing Wewere not doing Weweren’t doing

Youwere doing Youwere not doing Youweren’t doing

Theywere doing Theywere not doing Theyweren’t doing


Afirmativa Negativa

WasIdoing? Yes,Iwas. No,Iwasn’t.

Wereyoudoing? Yes,you were. No,youweren’t.

Washedoing? Yes,he was. No,he wasn’t.

Wasshedoing? Yes,she was. No,she wasn’t.

Wasitdoing? Yes,itwas. No,itwasn’t.

Werewedoing? Yes,wewere. No,we weren’t.

Wereyoudoing? Yes,you were. No,you weren’t.

Weretheydoing? Yes,they were. No,they weren’t.

• Afirmativa:subjecte+was/were+unverbacabaten-ing.

I was cooking in the kitchen. (Estavacuinantalacuina.)

Lesreglesperafegir-ing sónalapàgina10.

• Negativa:subjecte+was/were +notolacontracción’t+unverbacabaten-ing.

It wasn’t raining this morning.(Noploviaaquestmatí.)

• Interrogativa:Was/Were+subjecte+unverbacabaten-ing.

Were they driving to work?(Estavenconduintcapalafeina?)

• Respostes breus:esposaelpronompersonalsubjecte +was / weresenseabreujarenafirmativaoabreujatamblapartículanotennegativa.

Was he studying with his friend? Yes, he was. / No, he wasn’t.(Ellestavaestudiantambelseuamic?Sí./No.)


• AmbelPast Continuouss’acostumenautilitzarlesexpressions temporalssegüents:lesqueportenago(fa)alfinaldel’expressió,at +unahora, yesterday morning/ afternoon (ahiralmatí/tarda), last night (anit),etc.Podenanaralcomençamentoalfinaldelafrase,peròs’acostumenaposaralfinal.

We were playing football yesterday afternoon. (Estàvemjugantafutbolahiralatarda.)

You were doing your homework two hours ago. (Estavesfentelsdeuresfadueshores.)

Els usos del past continuous

Expressarquèestavapassantenelpassat

They were taking pictures of animals at 3 o’clock. (Estavenfentfotosd’animalsales 3enpunt.)

Descriureduesomésaccionsprolongadesisimultàniesenelpassat,unidesperwhileoas

We were talking on the phone while / as you were reading a magazine. (Estàvemparlantpertelèfonmentreestavesllegintunarevista.)

unIt1

CONTRAST past simple / past continuous• ElPast Simpleindicaquel’accióvatenirllocivaacabar

eneltempsindicatalafrase,mentrequeelPast Continuousparlad’accionsprolongadesqueestavenesdevenintenelpassat.

Jack travelled to China in 1988. (EnJackvaviatjaralaXinael1988.)

I was riding a bike yesterday morning. (Vaigestaranantenbiciahiralmatí.)

• AmbelPast Continuouss’acostumaautilitzarlesconjuncionswhileoas perparlard’accionssimultànies.

While / As we were waiting for my mother, she was buying some fruit. (Mentreestàvemesperantlamevamare,ellaestavacomprantfruita.)

• S’utilitzawhile owhen perparlard’unaaccióprolongadainterrumpudaperunaaltraenelpassat.

While Jack was sleeping, the telephone rang. (MentreenJackestavadormint,vasonareltelèfon.)

I was cleaning the kitchen when he arrived. (Estavanetejantlacuinaquanellvaarribar.)

AmbelPast Simples’acostumaautilitzarwheniambelPast Continuouswhile.

unIt2

ELS TEmpS vERbALS dE FuTuREl futur amb will

Afirmativa Forma abreujadaIwill play I’ll play

Youwill play You’ll play

Hewill play He’ll play

Shewill play She’ll play

Itwill play It’ll play

Wewill play We’ll play

Youwill play You’ll play

Theywill play They’ll play

Negativa Forma abreujada

Iwill not play Iwon’t play

Youwill not play Youwon’t play

Hewill not play Hewon’t play

Shewill not play Shewon’t play

Itwill not play Itwon’t play

Wewill not play Wewon’t play

Youwill not play Youwon’t play

They will not play Theywon’t play


Afirmativa Negativa

WillIplay...? Yes,Iwill. No,Iwon’t.

Willyouplay...? Yes,youwill. No,youwon’t.

Willheplay...? Yes,hewill. No,hewon’t.

Willsheplay...? Yes,shewill. No,shewon’t.

Willitplay...? Yes,itwill. No,itwon’t.

Willweplay...? Yes,wewill. No,wewon’t.

Willyouplay...? Yes,youwill. No,youwon’t.

Willtheyplay...? Yes,theywill. No,theywon’t.

• Afirmativa:subjecte+l’auxiliarwill+verbenlaformabase.Ésigualperatoteslespersones. Alaconversa,wills’abreujaambelsubjecte(’ll).

He will become a good doctor one day. (Ellesconvertiràenunbondoctoralgundia.)

• Negativa:subjecte+willnotowon’t+verbenlaformabase.

They won’t score any goals. (Nomarcarancapgol.)

• Interrogativa:Will+subjecte+verbenlaformabase.

Will you help me?(M’ajudaràs?)

• Respostes breus:esposaelpronompersonalsubjecte+willowon’t.

Will it be sunny at the weekend? Yes, it will. / No, it won’t.(Faràsolelcapdesetmana?Sí./No.)

GrammarAppendix

1212 1313

GrammarAppendix


Els usos del futur amb willPredirelqueescreuquetindràlloc

I think they will travel to Ireland.(CrecqueviatjaranaIrlanda.)

Expressardecisionssobtades

It’s hot. I’ll wear my sandals.(Facalor.Emposarélesmevessandàlies.)

Ferpromesesooferiments

I‘ll take you home. (Etportaréacasa.)

• Ambwills’acostumenautilitzarexpressions temporals comlater(méstard),soon(aviat),in an hour(d’aquí aunahora),tomorrow(demà),next week /month / year(lasetmana/elmes/l’anyqueve),etc.Tambés’utilitzend’altresqueindiquenunfuturllunyà:in ten years(d’aquíadeuanys),in+unany,one day(algundia),in the future(enelfutur),etc. Totespodenanaralcomençamentoalfinaldelafrase,peròs’acostumenaposaralfinal.

We will arrive in an hour.(Arribaremd’aquíaunahora.)

El futur amb be going toAfirmativa Forma abreujada

Iam going to travel I’m going to travel

Youare going to travel You’re going to travel

He is going to travel He’s going to travel

Sheis going to travel She’s going to travel

Itis going to travel It’s going to travel

Weare going to travel We’re going to travel

Youare going to travel You’re going to travel

Theyare going to travel They’re going to travel

Negativa i forma abreujada

Iam not/I’m not going to travel

Youare not/Youaren’t/You’re not going to travel

Heis not/Heisn’t/ He’s not going to travel

Sheis not/Sheisn’t/She’s not going to travel

Itis not/Itisn’t/ It’s not going to travel

Weare not/Wearen’t/We’re not going to travel

Youare not/Youaren’t/You’re not going to travel

Theyare not/Theyaren’t/ They’re not going to travel


Afirmativa Negativa

AmIgoing to travel? Yes,I am. No,I’m not.

Areyougoing to travel? Yes,you are. No,you aren’t.

Ishegoing to travel? Yes,he is. No,he isn’t.

Isshegoing to travel? Yes,she is. No,she isn’t.

Isitgoing to travel? Yes,it is. No,it isn’t.

Arewegoing to travel? Yes,we are. No,we aren’t.

Areyougoing to travel? Yes,you are. No,you aren’t.

Aretheygoing to travel? Yes,they are. No,they aren’t.

• Afirmativa:subjecte+to beenpresent+ going to+verbenlaformabase.

Jack is going to compete in the championship next summer.(EnJackcompetiràenelcampionatl’estiuqueve.)

• Negativa:subjecte+ to beenpresent+ not (n’t)+going to+verbenlaformabase.

They aren’t going to play tennis next Friday.(Nojugaranatennisdivendresqueve.)

• Interrogativa:to beenpresent+subjecte+going to+verbenlaformabase.

Is she going to join the team?(Ellas’uniràal’equip?)

• Respostes breus:esposaelpronompersonalsubjecte+elverbto be,senseabreujarenafirmativaoabreujatamblapartículanotennegativa.

Are you going to watch the match on Saturday? Yes, I am. / No, I’m not.(Veuràselpartitdissabte?Sí./No.)

Els usos del futur amb be going to

Parlard’intencions,plansodecisions

I’m going to meet them at the cinema.(Quedaréambellsalcinema.)

Expressarallòqueesdevindràperquè enveiemindicis

Look at the score! They’re going to win.(Miraelmarcador!Guanyaran.)

• Ambbe going tos’acostumenautilitzarlesexpressions temporals següents:later(méstard),soon(aviat),in an hour(d’aquíaunahora),tomorrow(demà),next week / month / year(lasetmana/elmes/l’anyqueve),etc.

Totespodenanaralcomençamentoalfinaldelafrase,peròs’acostumenaposaralfinal.

I’m going to buy a new shirt next week.(Compraréunacamisanovalasetmanaqueve.)

They are going to study for the exam later.(Estudiaranperal’examenméstard.)

El present continuous amb valor de futur• ElPresent Continuousexpressaquèestàpassantenel

momentenquèesparla,peròtambés’utilitzaperanunciaraccionsfixadesperendavantquetindranllocenelfuturproper.Expressaalgunacosaquetindràllocambseguretat,nounaintenció.

We’re playing volleyball tomorrow.(Juguem/Jugaremavoleiboldemà.)[jas’hadecidit]

• ElPresent Continuousambvalordefuturhad’anaracompanyatd’unaexpressiótemporalqueindiquiquantindràllocl’acció:soon(aviat),later(méstard),tomorrow(demà),tonight(aquestanit),next week/month/year(lasetmana/elmes/l’anyqueve),etc.


He is running a race next weekend.(Ellcorre/correràunacursalasetmanaqueve.)

We are flying to Paris this evening.(Volem/VolaremaParísaquestvespre.)

unIt3

EL pRImER CONdICIONALS’utilitzaperparlard’unaacció(oresultat)quetindràllocsiescompleixlacondicióassenyalada.

• Afirmativa:lacondició(oraciósubordinada)s’expressaambif+Present Simple,ielresultat(oracióprincipal)acostumaaanarenfuturambwill.

Silacondicióvaprimer,esposaunacomaentrel’oracióprincipalilasubordinada.

If he studies hard, he will get good marks. (Siellestudiamolt,obtindràbonesnotes.)

He will get good marks if he studies hard.(Ellobtindràbonesnotessiestudiamolt.)

• Negativa:espotnegarelverbenpresent,elverbenfuturoambdós.

If she doesn’t go to the party, I will stay at home. (Siellanovaalafesta,emquedaréacasa.)

If she goes to the party, I won’t stay at home.(Siellavaalafesta,noemquedaréacasa.)

If she doesn’t go to the party, I won’t stay at home.(Siellanovaalafesta,noemquedaréacasa.)

• Interrogativa:Will+subjecte+predicatdel’oracióprincipal+oraciósubordinada.

Will they go to the beach if it rains?(Aniranalaplatjasiplou?)

• Respostes breus:esposaelpronompersonalsubjecte+willowon’t.

Will you play the guitar if he sings? Yes, I will. /No, I won’t.(Tocaràslaguitarrasiellcanta?Sí./No.)

Espotutilitzarunlessowhenenlacondició.

Perexpressarquealgunacosatindràlloconosinoescompleixlacondició,lasubordinadas’introdueixamblalaconjuncióunless,queequivalaif not (“sino”,“llevatque”).

Unless you concentrate, you will fail the exam.(Sinoetconcentres,suspendràsl’examen.)

Amb when parlemsobrealgunacosaquetindràllocambseguretat.

When I arrive home, I will call you.(Quanarribiacasa,ettrucaré.)

EL SEGON CONdICIONALS’utilitzaperparlard’accionshipotètiquesquefanreferènciaalpresent,ésadir,queéspocprobablequepassiniperdonarconsell.

• Afirmativa:lacondiciós’expressaambif+Past Simple, ielresultatambwould(olacontracció’d)+elverben laformabase.

If I understood the problem, I’d solve it.(Sientenguéselproblema,elresoldria.)

Sielverbdelacondicióésto be,normalmentesfaservirwere atoteslespersonesdelsingularidelplural.

If he were rich, he’d buy a new car. (Siellfosric,escomprariauncotxenou.)

Perdonarconsellss’utilitzalafórmulaIf I were.

If I were you, I’d send him a text message. (Sijofostu,lienviariaunmissatgedetext.)

• Negativa:espotnegarlacondició,elresultatoambdós.

If I didn’t have money, I would work hard. (Sijonotinguésdiners,treballariamolt.)

If I had money, I wouldn’t work hard.(Sijotinguésdiners,notreballariamolt.)

If I didn’t work hard, I wouldn’t have money.(Sijonotreballésmolt,notindriadiners.)

• Interrogativa:Would+subjecte+predicatdel’oracióprincipal+oraciósubordinada.

Would you ride a camel if you were in the desert?(Aniriesencamellsiestiguessiseneldesert?)

• Respostes breus:esposaelpronompersonalsubjecte+wouldowouldn’t.

Would you play the piano if you didn’t play the guitar? Yes, I would. / No, I wouldn’t. (Tocarieselpianosinotoquessislaguitarra?Sí./No.)

unIt4

EL COmpARATIu dELS AdJECTIuSLa forma comparativa

Percompararduescoses,animalsopersoness’utilitzenelsadjectiusengraucomparatiu.

• Elcomparatiudesuperioritat(més...que)s’utilitzapercompararduescoses,animalsopersonesquanunasuperal’altraenalgunaspecte.Performar-localfixar-seenlalongituddel’adjectiu:

1.Sitéunasíl·laba,o2iacabaeny,l’adjectiuesconsideracurtis’hiafegeixlaterminació-er.Darrere esposalapartículathan.

The silver necklace is cheaper than the gold one.(Elcollaretdeplataésmésbaratqueeld’or.)

GrammarAppendix

1414 1515

GrammarAppendix


Enelscasossegüents,l’adjectiucanviaquans’hiafegeix-er:

-Sité1síl·labaiacabaen1 vocal+1 consonant,esdoblalaconsonant:

thin - thinner big - bigger

-Sité2síl·labesiacabaenconsonant+y,escanvialayperunai: heavy - heavier

easy - easier

-Siacabaenl,esdoblaaquestalletra: cruel - crueller

-Siacabaenemuda,noméss’hiafegeix-r: nice - nicer

2.Sité2síl·labesomés,l’adjectiuesconsiderallargilaformacomparativaesfaambmore+adjectiu+than.

Paul is more attractive than Jim.(EnPaulésmésatractiuqueenJim.)

• Elcomparatiud’inferioritatesfaamb:less+adjectiu+than(menys...que).

Modern jewellery is less elaborate than ancient jewellery.(Lajoieriamodernaésmenyselaboradaquel’antiga.)

• Elcomparatiud’igualtatesfautilitzant:(not)as+adjectiu+as((no)tan...com).

This picture is as colourful as that one.(Aquestquadreéstanacoloritcomaquell.)

La forma superlativaS’utilitzapercompararmésdeduescoses,animalsopersonesidirqueunaendestacasobrelaresta.

• Esposathedavantl’adjectiuil’adverbimostolaterminació-es. Caltenirencomptelasevalongitud:

-Siéscurt,hiafegimlaterminació-est.

These are the lightest clothes in the shop.(Aquestaéslarobaméslleugeradelabotiga.)

Segueixlesmateixesreglesdelcomparatiuamb-er.

big - biggest sad - saddest pretty - prettiest happy - happiest wide - widest large - largest cruel - cruellest

-Siésllarg,hiposemdavantthe most.

This beach is the most peaceful place in the world.(Aquestaplatjaéselllocméstranquildelmón.)

• Perindicarquealgúoalgunacosaésinferioralarestaenalgunaspectes’utilitzal’estructurathe least+adjectiu.

This is the least lively market in the city.(Aquestéselmercatmenysanimatdelaciutat.)

• Elsuperlatiupotanardavantdelespreposicionsin,of ion

He’s the most intelligent boy in the class. (Elléselnoimésintel·ligentdelaclasse.)

Next Friday is the longest day of the year.(Divendresqueveéseldiamésllargdel’any.)

Which is the highest mountain on Earth?(QuinaéslamuntanyamésaltadelaTerra?)

Els adjectius irregularsComquenosegueixencapregla,calaprendredememòrialessevesformescomparativaisuperlativa.

Adjectiu Comparatiu Superlatiu

good(bo/bona)

better than the best

bad(dolent/a)

worse than the worst

far(llunyà/ana)

farther / further than the farthest / furthest

little(poc/a)

less than the least

too,(not) ... enough• Toovadavantdel’adjectiuiindicaquelaqualitatque

expressaésexcessiva.Significa“massa”.

This ring is too bright.(Aquestanellésmassabrillant.)

• Not+adjectiu+enoughsignifica“prou”o“suficientment”.

That football player is good enough for our team.(Aquelljugadordefutbolésprou/suficientmentboperalnostreequip.)

She is not old enough to drive. (Ellanoésprou/suficientmentgranperconduir.)


EL COmpARATIu dELS AdvERbIS• Elsadverbisensdonenmésinformaciósobreelsverbs.

Descriuenlaformaenquèesrealitzal’acció.

She walks slowly. (Ellacaminalentament.)

• Espodencompararduesaccionsutilitzantaquestaestructura:more+adverbi+than.

She walks more slowly than her sister. (Ellacaminaméslentamentquelasevagermana.)

• Tambéespodencompararduesaccionsutilitzant:less+adverbi+than.

I drive less carefully than my father. (Jocondueixoambmenyscuraqueelmeupare.)

• Ambas+adverbi+ass’indicaqueduesaccionsesrealitzendelamateixamanera.

She walks as slowly asher sister.(Ellacaminatanlentamentcomlasevagermana.)

Els adverbis irregularsComquenosegueixencapregla,calaprendredememòriaaquestsadverbisilasevaformacomparativa.

Adjectiu Adverbi Forma comparativa

fast (ràpid/a)fast (depressa,ràpidament)

faster than

hard (dur/a;difícil)

hard (durament,molt)

harder than

high (alt/a)high (agranaltura,alt)

higher than

far (llunyà/ana) far (lluny) farther / further than

good (bo/bona) well (bé) better than

bad (dolent/a) badly (malament) worse than

unIt5

EL present perFect simple

Afirmativa Forma abreujadaIhave washed I’ve washed

Youhave washed You’ve washed

Hehas washed He’s washed

Shehas washed She’s washed

Ithas washed It’s washed

Wehave washed We’ve washed

Youhave washed You’ve washed

Theyhave washed They’ve washed

Negativa Forma abreujada

Ihave not washed Ihaven’t washed

Youhave not washed Youhaven’t washed

Hehas not washed Hehasn’t washed

Shehas not washed Shehasn’t washed

Ithas not washed Ithasn’t washed

Wehave not washed Wehaven’t washed

Youhave not washed Youhaven’t washed

They have not washed Theyhaven’t washed


Afirmativa Negativa

HaveIwashed...? Yes,Ihave. No,Ihaven’t.

Haveyouwashed...? Yes,youhave. No,youhaven’t.

Hashewashed...? Yes,hehas. No,hehasn’t.

Hasshewashed...? Yes,shehas. No,shehasn’t.

Hasitwashed...? Yes,ithas. No,ithasn’t.

Havewewashed...? Yes,wehave. No,wehaven’t.

Haveyouwashed...? Yes,youhave. No,youhaven’t.

Havetheywashed...? Yes,theyhave. No,theyhaven’t.

• Afirmativa:subjecte+has/have+unverbenparticipi.Lamajoriadeverbsafegeixen-edalaformabasedelverbperferelparticipi.

We have explored this area.(Hemexplorataquestazona.)

Elsverbsirregularsacostumenacanviardeformaenelparticipi.Nosegueixencapreglai,pertant,calaprendre’ls dememòria.Alespàgines23-24n’hihaunallista.

I have eaten soup and sausages for dinner.(Hemenjatsopaisalsitxespersopar.)

• Negativa:subjecte+has/have +noton’t+unverbenparticipi.

The plane hasn’t landed.(L’aviónohaaterrat.)

GrammarAppendix

1616 1717

GrammarAppendix


• Interrogativa:Has/have+subjecte+unverbenparticipi.

Have you studied this unit?(Hasestudiataquestaunitat?)

• Respostes breus:esposaelpronompersonalsubjecte +has / havesenseabreujarenafirmativaoabreujatamblapartículanotennegativa.

Have they received a letter? Yes, they have. / No, they haven’t.(Hanrebutunacarta?Sí./No.)

• AmbelPresent Perfect Simples’acostumenautilitzarlesexpressions temporalsiadverbis següents:

ever

interrogativa:“algunavegada”

Have you ever trekked through the jungle?

negativa:“mai”

I haven’t ever rowed a boat

never afirmativa:“mai” She has never visited Paris.

always “sempre”They’ve always listened to their mother.

already afirmativa:“ja”We’ve already discovered the truth.

justafirmativa:“acabarde”

I have just cleaned my room.

yet

negativa:“encara”

She hasn’t completed her homework yet.

interrogativa:“ja” Have you found your ring yet?

recently “recentment”Have they travelled to London recently?

lately “últimament”He hasn’t watered the plants lately.

several times

“unesquantesvegades”

They have dug for treasure several times.

so far“finsalmoment,finsara”

I’ve done five exercises so far.

Caltenirencompteque:

-Just,already,always,everineveresposenentrel’auxiliarhaveielparticipidelverbprincipal.

-Yetescol·locaalfinaldelafrase.

-Larestapotanaralcomençamentoalfinaldelafrase,peròs’acostumenaposaralfinal.

for /sinceAmbelPresent Perfect Simple tambés’utilitzenlesexpressionstemporalsquecomencenamb:

- Lapreposiciófordavantd’unperíodedetempsqueindicaladuradadel’acció.Estradueixcom“durant”onoestradueix.

Her mother has worked here for 15 years.(Lasevamarehatreballataquídurantquinzeanys.)

- Lapreposiciósince,queindicaelmomentenquèvacomençarl’acció.Estradueixcom“desde“.

I haven’t watched a film since Sunday. (Nohevistunapel·lículadesdeldiumenge.)

Els usos del present perfect simple

Accionsquevancomençarenelpassatiencaracontinuen(portaforosinceiestradueixenpresent)

She has lived in Germany since 1998.(EllaviuaAlemanyadesde1998.)

Accionspassadesqueafectenelpresentotenenconseqüènciesenelmomentactual

They have moved to a new house.(Ellss’hanmudataunacasanova.)

Accionspassadessenseespecificarquanvantenirlloc

She has survived the accident.(Ellahasobreviscutal’accident.)

Accionsmoltrecents(portajustiestradueixper“acabarde”+infinitiu)

He has just fallen on the ground.(Ellacabadecaureaterra.)

CONTRAST present perFect simple / past simple

ElPresent Perfect Simpleindicaqueelquevaesdevenirenelpassatestàrelacionatambelpresentinodiuquanvatenirlloc.Encanvi,elPast Simpleparlad’accionspassadesquejanoafectenelmomentactualiindicaquanvantenirllocambexpressionsdetempscomyesterday,last night,etc.

They have parachuted many times.(Ellshansaltatenparacaigudesmoltesvegades.)

She parachuted yesterday.(Ellavasaltarenparacaigudesahir.)


unIt6

ELS dETERmINANTS

a / an

Ambnomscomptablesensingular.S’utilitzendavantd’unnomquenoésconegutpelparlant.

un/a a guitar, an ambulance

some

Ambnomscomptablesenpluralinocomptables.

uns/unesalguns/esunamicade(onoestradueix)

There are some concerts this month. We’ve got some chocolate.

any

Frasesnegativesiinterrogatives:Ambnomscomptablesenpluralinocomptables.

cap,gensde(onoestradueix)

We haven’t got any hip-hop CDs. He hasn’t got any butter.

algun/aalguns/esunamicade(onoestradueix)

Do you play any musical instruments? Have you got any time for me?

ELS QuANTIFICAdORS

a lot ofmolt/a,molts/esunapilade

Ambnomscomptablesenpluralinocomptables.

A lot of students play football. There is a lot of food.

many molts/es

Ambnomscomptablesenplural.

Many people like pop music.

muchmolt/a,gaire/s

Frasesnegativesiinterrogatives:ambnomsnocomptables.

I haven’t got much work.Was there much noise?

a fewuns/unesquants/esalguns/es


The plane landed a few hours late.

a littleunamicade

Ambnomsnocomptables.

I have got a little money for you.

How many ...?Quants/es...?


How many MP4 players have you got?

How much ...?Quant/a...?

Nomsnocomptables.Quanvaambelverbto beserveixperpreguntarelpreud’algunacosa.

How much time do you need? How much is the hairdryer?

Aquestesexpressionss’utilitzenperparlarsobrequantitat.

unIt7

ELS mOdALS

can / can’tAfirmativa Negativa Forma abreujada

Ican sail Icannot sail Ican’t sail

Youcan sail Youcannot sail Youcan’t sail

Hecan sail Hecannot sail Hecan’t sail

Shecan sail Shecannot sail Shecan’t sail

Itcan sail Itcannot sail Itcan’t sail

Wecan sail Wecannot sail Wecan’t sail

Youcan sail Youcannot sail Youcan’t sail

Theycan sail Theycannot sail Theycan’t sail


Afirmativa Negativa

CanIsail? Yes,Ican. No,Ican’t.

Canyousail? Yes,youcan. No,you can’t.

Canhesail? Yes,hecan. No,hecan’t.

Canshesail? Yes,shecan. No,shecan’t.

Canitsail? Yes,it can. No,it can’t.

Canwesail? Yes,we can. No,wecan’t.

Canyousail? Yes,youcan. No,youcan’t.

Cantheysail? Yes,theycan. No,theycan’t.

• Afirmativa:subjecte+can+verbenlaformabase.

He can speak German very well.(Ellsapparlaralemanymoltbé.)

I can come to your party.(Pucveniralatevafesta.)

You can watch TV now.(Potsmirarlatelevisióara.)

• Negativa:subjecte+cannotocan’t+verbenlaformabase.

They cannot do any magic tricks.(Ellsnosaben/podenfertrucsdemàgia.)

• Interrogativa:Can +subjecte+verbenlaformabase.

Can they write good stories?(Saben/Podenescriureboneshistòries?)

• Respostes breus:esposaelpronompersonalsubjecte+canocan’t.

Can you pick a flower? Yes, I can. / No, I can’t.(Potsagafarunaflor?Sí./No.)

GrammarAppendix

1818 1919

GrammarAppendix


Els usos de can / can’tHabilitatocapacitatperferalgunacosa:“saber”

She can sing beautifully.(Ellasapcantarmeravellosament.)

Possibilitatdeferalgunacosa:“poder”

You can break the mirror. Be careful.(Potstrencarelmirall.Vésambcompte.)

Demanarpermísounfavoraalgúdeconfiança:“poder”

Can you put the eggs in the fridge? Yes, I can.(Potsposarelsousalanevera?Sí.)

could / couldn’tAfirmativa Negativa Forma abreujada

Icould ski Icould not ski Icouldn’t ski

Youcould ski Youcould not ski Youcouldn’t ski

Hecould ski Hecould not ski Hecouldn’t ski

Shecould ski Shecould not ski Shecouldn’t ski

Itcould ski Itcould not ski Itcouldn’t ski

Wecould ski Wecould not ski Wecouldn’t ski

Youcould ski Youcould not ski Youcouldn’t ski

Theycould ski Theycould not ski Theycouldn’t ski


Afirmativa Negativa

CouldIski? Yes,I could. No,I couldn’t.

Couldyouski? Yes,youcould. No,youcouldn’t.

Couldheski? Yes,hecould. No,hecouldn’t.

Couldsheski? Yes,she could. No,she couldn’t.

Coulditski? Yes,it could. No,itcouldn’t.

Couldweski? Yes,we could. No,we couldn’t.

Couldyouski? Yes,youcould. No,you couldn’t.

Couldtheyski? Yes,they could. No,they couldn’t.

• Afirmativa:subjecte+could+ verbenlaformabase.

I could play basketball when I was seven.(Josabiajugarabàsquetquanteniasetanys.)

In the past, mirrors could make people feel ill.(Enelpassat,elsmirallspodienferquelagentsesentísmalalta.)

• Negativa:subjecte+could notocouldn’t+verbenlaformabase.

They couldn’t play outside because it was raining.(Nopodienjugarforaperquèplovia.)

• Interrogativa:Could +subjecte+verbenlaformabase.

Could he sail on Friday?(Ellvapodernavegardivendres?)

• Respostes breus:esposaelpronompersonalsubjecte+couldocouldn’t.

Could you carry the bags? Yes, I could. / No, I couldn’t.(Podriesportarlesbosses?Sí./No.)

Els usos de could / couldn’tHabilitatocapacitatperferalgunacosaenelpassat

Sam could speak at the age of two.(EnSamsabiaparlaralsdosanys.)

Possibilitatdeferalgunacosaenelpassat

They couldn’t see the beach from the window.(Novanpoderveurelaplatjadesdelafinestra.)

Permisosopeticions(deformaméseducadaqueambcan)

Could I have a glass of water?(Podriaprendreungotd’aigua?)

must / mustn’tAfirmativa Negativa

Imust sweep Imustn’t sweep

Youmust sweep Youmustn’t sweep

Hemust sweep Hemustn’t sweep

Shemust sweep Shemustn’t sweep

Itmust sweep Itmustn’t sweep

Wemust sweep Wemustn’t sweep

Youmust sweep Youmustn’t sweep

Theymust sweep Theymustn’t sweep

• Afirmativa:subjecte+must+ verbenlaformabase.

I must play the piano three times a week.(Hedetocarelpianotrescopsalasetmana.)

• Negativa:subjecte+must not omustn’t+verbenlaformabase.

People mustn’t feed animals in the zoo.(Lagentnohadedonarmenjaralsanimalsenelzoo.)

You mustn’t tell me his secret. (Nohasd’explicar-meelseusecret.)

• Interrogativa:Must +subjecte+verbenlaformabase.Enaquestcas,mustexpressaobligacióonecessitat,encaraqueaquestverbmodalnos’acostumaautilitzarenlaformainterrogativa.

Must we speak to the doctor?(Hemdeparlarambeldoctor?)

• Respostes breus:esposaelpronompersonalsubjecte+mustomustn’t.

Must I call the police? Yes, you must. / No, you mustn’t.(Hedetrucaralapolicia?Sí./No.)


L’ús de must

Obligació,necessitatoconveniènciadeferalgunacosa:“haverde”

I must work harder.(Hedetreballarmoltmés.)

L’ús de mustn’t

Prohibiciódeferalgunacosaperquènoéspermèsonoésconvenientocorrecte

You mustn’t eat in the classroom. (Nohasdemenjaralaclasse.)

should / shouldn’tAfirmativa Negativa

Ishould buy Ishouldn’t buy

Youshould buy Youshouldn’t buy

Heshould buy Heshouldn’t buy

Sheshould buy Sheshouldn’t buy

Itshould buy Itshouldn’t buy

Weshould buy Weshouldn’t buy

Youshould buy Youshouldn’t buy

Theyshould buy Theyshouldn’t buy


Afirmativa Negativa

ShouldIbuy? Yes,I should. No,I shouldn’t.

Shouldyoubuy? Yes,you should. No,youshouldn’t.

Shouldhebuy? Yes,heshould. No,heshouldn’t.

Shouldshebuy? Yes,sheshould. No,sheshouldn’t.

Shoulditbuy? Yes,it should. No,it shouldn’t.

Shouldwebuy? Yes,we should. No,weshouldn’t.

Shouldyoubuy? Yes,you should. No,you shouldn’t.

Shouldtheybuy? Yes,they should. No,theyshouldn’t.

• Afirmativa:subjecte+should+ verbenlaformabase.

You should go to the dentist tomorrow.(Hauriesd’anaraldentistademà.)

• Negativa:subjecte+should not oshouldn’t+verbenlaformabase.

She shouldn’t believe in superstitions.(Ellanohauriadecreureensupersticions.)

• Interrogativa:Should +subjecte+verbenlaformabase.

Should I be angry?(Hauriad’estarenfadada?)

• Respostes breus:esposaelpronompersonalsubjecte+shouldoshouldn’t.

Should we take an umbrella with us? Yes, you should. / No, you shouldn’t.(Hauríemd’agafarunparaigua?Sí./No.)

Els usos de should / shouldn’t

Donarconsells She should bring a coat. It’s cold.(Hauriadeportarunabric.Fafred.)

Dirquès’hauriaonodefer

You shouldn’t eat too many sweets. (Nohauriesdemenjarmassacaramels.)

Have to / Don’t have toAfirmativa Negativa

Ihave to go Idon’thave to go

Youhave to go Youdon’t have to go

Hehas to go Hedoesn’t have to go

Shehas to go Shedoesn’t have to go

Ithas to go Itdoesn’t have to go

Wehave to go Wedon’t have to go

Youhave to go Youdon’t have to go

Theyhave to go Theydon’t have to go


Afirmativa NegativaDoIhave to go? Yes,I do. No,I don’t.

Doyouhave to go? Yes,you do. No,youdon’t.

Doeshehave to go? Yes,hedoes. No,hedoesn’t.

Doesshehave to go? Yes,shedoes. No,shedoesn’t.

Doesithave to go? Yes,it does. No,it doesn’t.

Dowehave to go? Yes,we do. No,wedon’t.

Doyouhave to go? Yes,you do. No,you don’t.

Dotheyhave to go? Yes,they do. No,theydon’t.

• Afirmativa:subjecte+have / has to+ verbenlaformabase.Significa“haverde”iexpressa,commust,l’obligacióonecessitatdeferalgunacosa.Ladiferènciaésquehave toesconjuga,iperaixò,s’utilitzaenelstempsquemustnoté.

We have to put the chicken in the oven.(Hemdeposarelpollastreenelforn.)

• Negativa:subjecte+don’t / doesn’t have to+verbenlaformabase.Significa“nohaverde/nocaldreque”.

You don’t have to help me. I can do it alone.(Nocalquem’ajudis.Pucfer-hosol.)

• Interrogativa:Do/Does+subjecte+have to+ verbenlaformabase.

Do they have to come with you?(Handevenirambtu?)

• Respostes breus:esposaelpronompersonalsubjecte+do/doesodon’t/doesn’t.

Does she have to study for the exam? Yes, she does. / No, she doesn’t.(Ellahad’estudiarperal’examen?Sí./No.)

GrammarAppendix

2020 2121

GrammarAppendix


L’ús de have to

Obligacióonecessitatdeferalgunacosa

I have to bring my sister to the party. (Hedeportarlamevagermanaalafesta.)

L’ús de don’t have to

Mancad’obligacióonecessitat

You don’t have to buy me anything. (Nocalqueemcomprisres.)

unIt8

ELS pRONOmS RELATIuS

• Introdueixenunaoraciósubordinada.

I don’t like salads which / that have got onions in them.(Nom’agradenlesamanidesquetenenceba.)

• L’oraciósubordinadadónainformaciósobreunantecedent.Hivandarrereipodenferdesubjecteodecomplement,totiqueenaquestdarrercasésfreqüentometre’lsalaconversa.

• Elspronomsrelatiussónwho,which,that,where, when iwhose:

-Whos’utilitzaquanl’antecedentésunapersona.Espotsubstituirperthat.

These are the girls who / that I met at the café.(Aquestessónlesnoiesqueemvaigtrobaralacafeteria.)

-Whichs’utilitzaperferreferènciaacosesoanimals.Espotsubstituirperthat.

I was wearing a new skirt which / that was quite long.(Portavaunafaldillanovaqueeraforçallarga.)

He has got a dog which / that eats vegetables. (Elltéungosquemenjaverdures.)

-Thats’utilitzaperferreferènciaapersones,cosesoanimals.

The penguins that I saw at the zoo were swimming.(Elspingüinsquevaigveureenelzooestavennedant.)

The woman that was sitting at the desk was beautiful.(Ladonaqueestava(asseguda)al’escriptorieramaca.)

-Wheres’utilitzaquanl’antecedentésunlloc.

We went shopping at a market where you can find everything.(Vamanaracompraraunmercatonpotstrobardetot.)

-Whens’utilitzaquanl’antecedentésunaexpressiótemporal.Espotometreosubstituirperthat.

He took this photo on the day when we went to the theme park.(Vaferaquestafotoeldiaenquèvamanaralparctemàtic.)

-Whoses’utilitzaquanl’antecedentésunaexpressiótemporal.Expressapossessió.

She’s got a friend whose father is Irish. (Ellatéunamicelparedelqualésirlandès.)

unIt9

LA vEu pASSIvA

La veu passiva en present

Afirmativa Negativa

Iam accepted I’m notaccepted

Youare accepted Youaren’t accepted

Heis accepted Heisn’t accepted

Sheis accepted Sheisn’t accepted

Itis accepted Itisn’t accepted

Weare accepted Wearen’t accepted

Youare accepted Youaren’t accepted

Theyare accepted Theyaren’t accepted


Afirmativa NegativaAmIaccepted? Yes,I am. No,I’m not.

Areyouaccepted? Yes,you are. No,youaren’t.

Isheaccepted? Yes,heis. No,heisn’t.

Issheaccepted? Yes,sheis. No,sheisn’t.

Isitaccepted? Yes,it is. No,it isn’t.

Areweaccepted? Yes,we are. No,wearen’t.

Areyouaccepted? Yes,you are. No,you aren’t.

Aretheyaccepted? Yes,they are. No,theyaren’t.


La veu passiva en passat

Afirmativa Negativa

Iwas accepted Iwasn’taccepted

Youwere accepted Youweren’t accepted

Hewas accepted Hewasn’t accepted

Shewas accepted Shewasn’t accepted

Itwas accepted Itwasn’t accepted

Wewere accepted Weweren’t accepted

Youwere accepted Youweren’t accepted

Theywere accepted Theyweren’t accepted


Afirmativa NegativaWasIaccepted? Yes,I was. No,Iwasn’t.

Wereyouaccepted? Yes,you were. No,youweren’t.

Washeaccepted? Yes,hewas. No,hewasn’t.

Wassheaccepted? Yes,shewas. No,shewasn’t.

Wasitaccepted? Yes,it was. No,it wasn’t.

Wereweaccepted? Yes,we were. No,weweren’t.

Wereyouaccepted? Yes,you were. No,you weren’t.

Weretheyaccepted? Yes,they were. No,theyweren’t.

• Afirmativa:subjecte+to becomaauxiliareneltempscorresponent+elparticipidelverbprincipal.

Ben Stiller is known in many countries. (BenStillerésconegutamoltspaïsos.)

They were given new computers.(Se’lsvandonarnousordinadors.)

Alesoracionsdepassiva,l’accióésmésimportantqueelsubjecte.Siesvolesmentarquirealitzal’acció,esposaalfinaldelafrasepreceditdeby.

The Lightning Thief was written by Rick Riordan.(The Lightning ThiefvaserescritperRickRiordan.)

• Negativa: subjecte+to becomaauxiliareneltempscorresponent+noton’t+elparticipidelverbprincipal.

They aren’t expected to fly to London next week. (Nos’esperaquevolinaLondreslasetmanaqueve.)

This meal wasn’t prepared at home.(Aquestmenjarnoesvaprepararacasa.)

• Interrogativa:to becomaauxiliareneltempscorresponent+subjecte+elparticipidelverbprincipal.

Are these biscuits sold in the supermarket?(Esvenenaquestesgaletesenelsupermercat?)

Was the film based on the novel?(Lapel·lículaestavabasadaenlanovel·la?)

• Respostes breus:esposaelpronompersonalsubjecte+to becomaauxiliareneltempscorresponent,senseabreujarenafirmativaoabreujatamblapartículanotennegativa.

Was he chosen for president? Yes, he was. / No, he wasn’t.(Ellvaserescollitpresident?Sí./No.)

Els usos de la veu passiva

Destacarl’accióinoelsubjectequelarealitza

Clothes are washed in a washing machine.(Larobaesrentaenunarentadora.)

Quanelsubjectequerealitzal’accióésobvi,desconegutonoesvolesmentar

The glass was broken.(Elgotesvatrencar.)

Com passar una frase activa a passivaEsposato beenelmateixtempsdelverbprincipalenactiva,iaquestverbenparticipi.Activa: They clean the building every morning.Passiva: The building is cleaned every morning.

Esposacomasubjecteelprimercomplementquehihagidarreredelverbenlaveuactiva,jasiguieldirecteol’indirecte.Activa: My brothers share a bedroom. Passiva: A bedroom is shared by my brothers.

Sielcomplementésunpronompersonal,escanviaperlasevaformadesubjectecorresponent.Activa: My friends told me the secret.Passiva: I was told the secret.

Passemelsubjectedel’oracióactivaalfinaldelapassivapreceditdeby.Activa: My aunt bought a pair of jeans.Passiva: A pair of jeans was bought by my aunt.

Sielsubjecteésunpronompersonal,escanviapelpronomobjectecorresponent.Activa: They care for my grandmother.Passiva: My grandmother is cared for by them.

• Lesexpressions temporals ques’utilitzenenlaveupassivasónlesmateixesqueenl’activa.Sielverbestàenpresent:every day/week/year,once/twice a year,on+undiadelasetmanaenplural,oadverbiscomusually,sometimes,etc.Sielverbestàenpassat:last night / week,at+unahora,in+unany,on+undia/data,in the past,yesterday,etc.

GrammarAppendix


IrregularVerb List

BASE FORM (V1) PAST SIMPLE (V2) PAST PARTICIPLE (V3) CATALÀbe /VA/ was/were /rFh/rK/ been /VAm/ ser, estarbeat /VAW/ beat /VAW/ beaten /'VAWm/ donar copsbecome /VB'YJl/ became /VB'YMl/ become /VB'YJl/ convertir-sebegin /VB'ZBm/ began /VB'Zæm/ begun /VB'ZJm/ començarbend /VCmX/ bent /VCmW/ bent /VCmW/ doblegar(-se)bet /VCW/ bet /VCW/ bet /VCW/ apostarbite /VOW/ bit /VBW/ bitten /'VBWm/ mossegarbleed /VoAX/ bled /VoCX/ bled /VoCX/ sagnarblow /VoLH/ blew /VoI/ blown /VoLHm/ bufarbreak /VpMY/ broke /VpLHY/ broken /'VpLHYLm/ trencarbring /VpBn/ brought /VpGW/ brought /VpGW/ portarbuild /VBoX/ built /VBoW/ built /VBoW/ construirburn /VKm/ burnt/burned /VKmW/VKmX/ burnt/burned /VKmW/VKmX/ cremarbuy /VO/ bought /VGW/ bought /VGW/ comprarcatch /Yæa/ caught /YGW/ caught /YGW/ agafar, enxamparchoose /aIh/ chose /aLHh/ chosen /'aLHhm/ triarcome /YJl/ came /YMl/ come /YJl/ venircost /YFgW/ cost /YFgW/ cost /YFgW/ costarcut /YJW/ cut /YJW/ cut /YJW/ tallardig /XBZ/ dug /XJZ/ dug /XJZ/ cavardo /XI/ did /XBX/ done /XJm/ ferdraw /XpG/ drew /XpI/ drawn /XpGm/ dibuixardream /XpAl/ dreamt/dreamed /XpClW/XpAlX/ dreamt/dreamed /XpClW/XpAlX/ somiardrink /XpBnY/ drank /XpænY/ drunk /XpJnY/ beuredrive /XpOd/ drove /XpLHd/ driven /'XpBdm/ conduireat /AW/ ate /CBW/ eaten /AWm/ menjarfall /cGo/ fell /cCo/ fallen /'cGoLm/ caurefeed /cAX/ fed /cCX/ fed /cCX/ alimentarfeel /cAo/ felt /cCoW/ felt /cCoW/ sentir-sefight /cOW/ fought /cGW/ fought /cGW/ lluitar, barallar-sefind /cOmX/ found /cPmX/ found /cPmX/ trobarfly /coO/ flew /coI/ flown /coLHm/ volarforget /cL'ZCW/ forgot /cL'ZFW/ forgotten /cL'ZFWm/ oblidarforgive /cL'ZBd/ forgave /cL'ZMd/ forgiven /cL'ZBdm/ perdonarfreeze /cpAh/ froze /cpLHh/ frozen /'cpLHhm/ congelar(-se)get /ZCW/ got /ZFW/ got /ZFW/ aconseguir; arribargive /ZBd/ gave /ZMd/ given /ZBdm/ donargo /ZN/ went /rCmW/ gone /ZFm/ anargrow /ZpN/ grew /ZpI/ grown /ZpNm/ créixer; cultivarhang /kæn/ hanged/hung /kænX/kJn/ hanged/hung /kænX/kJn/ penjarhave /kæd/ had /kæX/ had /kæX/ tenir; haverhear /kBL/ heard /kKX/ heard /kKX/ sentirhide /kOX/ hid /kBX/ hidden /'kBXm/ amagar(-se)hit /kBW/ hit /kBW/ hit /kBW/ colpejar, pegarhold /kNoX/ held /kCoX/ held /kCoX/ subjectarhurt /kKW/ hurt /kKW/ hurt /kKW/ ferir, fer malkeep /YAU/ kept /YCUW/ kept /YCUW/ guardar, mantenir; desarknow /mN/ knew /mqI/ known /mNm/ saber, conèixerlay /oCB/ laid /oCBX/ laid /oCBX/ posar; estendrelead /oAX/ led /oCX/ led /oCX/ guiar, conduir


Irregular Verb List

BASE FORM (V1) PAST SIMPLE (V2) PAST PARTICIPLE (V3) CATALÀ

learn /oKm/ learnt/learned /oKmW/oKmX/ learnt/learned /oKmW/oKmX/ aprendreleave /oAd/ left /oCcW/ left /oCcW/ deixar; marxar, sortirlend /oCmX/ lent /oCmW/ lent /oCmW/ prestarlet /oCW/ let /oCW/ let /oCW/ permetre, deixarlie /oO/ lay /oCB/ lain /oCBm/ estirar-selie /oO/(regular verb) lied /oOX/ lied /oOX/ mentirlight /oOW/ lit /oBW/ lit /oBW/ encendrelose /oIh/ lost /oFgW/ lost /oFgW/ perdremake /lCBY/ made /lCBX/ made /lCBX/ fer, fabricarmean /lAm/ meant /lCmW/ meant /lCmW/ significar, voler dir meet /lAW/ met /lCW/ met /lCW/ conèixer; quedar ambpay /UM/ paid /UMX/ paid /UMX/ pagarput /UHW/ put /UHW/ put /UHW/ posarread /pAX/ read /pCX/ read /pCX/ llegirride /pOX/ rode /pLHX/ ridden /'pBXm/ muntar, pujarring /pBn/ rang /pæn/ rung /pJn/ trucar (per telèfon)rise /pOh/ rose /pLHh/ risen /'pBhm/ enlairar-se, aixecar-serun /pJm/ ran /pæm/ run /pJm/ córrersay /gM/ said /gCX/ said /gCX/ dirsee /gA/ saw /gG/ seen /gAm/ veuresell /gCo/ sold /gLHoX/ sold /gLHoX/ vendresend /gCmX/ sent /gCmW/ sent /gCmW/ enviarset /gCW/ set /gCW/ set /gCW/ col·locar, posarshake /iMY/ shook /iHY/ shaken /'iMYLm/ sacsejarshine /iOm/ shone /iFm/ shone /iFm/ brillarshoot /iIW/ shot /iFW/ shot /iFW/ dispararshow /iLH/ showed /iLHX/ shown /iLHm/ mostrar, ensenyarshut /iJW/ shut /iJW/ shut /iJW/ tancarsing /gBn/ sang /gæn/ sung /gJn/ cantarsink /gBnY/ sank /gænY/ sunk /gJnY/ enfonsar-sesit /gBW/ sat /gæW/ sat /gæW/ seuresleep /goAU/ slept /goCUW/ slept /goCUW/ dormirsmell /glCo/ smelt/smelled /glCoW/glCoX/ smelt/smelled /glCoW/glCoX/ olorarspeak /gUAY/ spoke /gULHY/ spoken /gULHYLm/ parlarspell /gUCo/ spelt/spelled /gUCoW/gUCoX/ spelt/spelled /gUCoW/gUCoX/ lletrejarspend /gUCmX/ spent /gUCmW/ spent /gUCmW/ gastar; passar (temps)stand /gWæmX/ stood /gWHX/ stood /gWHX/ estar dret/asteal /gWAo/ stole /gWLHo/ stolen /'gWLHoLm/ robarstick /gWBY/ stuck /gWJY/ stuck /gWJY/ enganxarsweep /grAU/ swept /grCUW/ swept /grCUW/ escombrarswim /grBl/ swam /græl/ swum /grJl/ nedartake /WMY/ took /WHY/ taken /'WMYLm/ agafar; portarteach /WAa/ taught /WGW/ taught /WGW/ ensenyartear /WCL/ tore /WG/ torn /WGm/ esquinçar, estripartell /WCo/ told /WLHoX/ told /WLHoX/ dir, explicarthink /eBnY/ thought /eGW/ thought /eGW/ pensarthrow /epN/ threw /epI/ thrown /epNm/ llançar; llençarunderstand /JmXC'gWæmX/ understood /JmXC'gWHX/ understood /JmXC'gWHX/ comprendre, entendrewake up /rMY'JU/ woke up /rLHY'JU/ woken up /rLHYLm'JU/ despertar(-se)wear /rCL/ wore /rG/ worn /rGm/ portar posat; posar-s’hiwin /rBm/ won /rJm/ won /rJm/ guanyarwrite /pOW/ wrote /pLHW/ written /'pBWm/ escriure


WritingGuide

•Assegura’tqueentenseltemasobreelqualhasd’escriure.

•Fesunallistad’ideesrelacionadesambaquesttemaianotatoteslesqueset’acudeixinsensepreocupar-te perlagramàticanil’ortografia.

•Després,llegeixaquestallistad’ideesitria’nlesimportants.

History of Tennis

MajorWalterWingfieldinventedthegamein1873.

HegaveitthenameSpharistike.

Peopleplaytennisontenniscourts.

ThefirstworldtenniscompetitionatWimbledonwasin1877.

In1877,therewere22playersand200spectators.

Peopleweartennisshoeswhentheyplaytennis.

SpencerGorewonthefirstcompetition.

In1884,womenstartedcompetinginWimbledon.

Untextesdivideixentresparts:

•Laintroduccióoprimeraoració(opening sentence),quepresentaeltema.

•Eldesenvolupamentocosdeltext(body of the paragraph),queamplialaideaprincipalambinformacióimportant.

•Elfinalodarreraoració(closing sentence),queresumeixeltemairepeteixlaideaprincipalambaltresparaules.

LES MAJÚSCULES(Capital letters)

S’escriuenambmajúscula:

• elsnomsitítolsdelespersones:

Mrs Sandra Bennett, Dr Perry, Ray Mears

• elsnomsdellocscomaraciutats,països,continents,edificisfamosos,museus,etc.:London, Italy, Asia, the Eiffel Tower, the Guggenheim Museum

• lesnacionalitats:English, Chinese, Peruvian

• elsdies: Saturday, Tuesday, Friday

• elsmesos:January, July, October

• laprimeraparaulad’unaoració:My sister is 13 years old.

• elpronompersonalI:I paint and I play the guitar.

• elsidiomes:French, Thai, Arabic

• lesparaulesimportantsdelstítolsdellibresipel·lícules,cançons,festivitatsijocsd’ordinador:

Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince

Avatar

California Dreamin’

Christmas

Tomb Raider II

LA PUNTUACIÓ (Punctuation)

• Elpunt(.)vaalfinaldelesoracionsafirmativesinegatives.

Mary is 14 years old.

• �Lacoma(,)s’utilitzapersepararparaulesoidees.Normalmentnoesposadavantdeand.

� I had chicken, chips and an apple for lunch today.

• Elsigned’interrogació(?)esposanomésalfinaldelespreguntes.

Do you like sport?

• �Elsigned’exclamació(!)tambéesposanomésalfinaldelafraseiserveixperexpressarunaemocióounsentimentiperposarèmfasienalgunacosa.

I love football!

opening sentenceIlovemusic.

IusemyMP4playeronthewayto

school.Iusemypocketmoneyto

downloadsongsfromtheInternet

ontomyMP4playerandIlistentoit

allthetime.Ilikemanysingersand

bands:Beyoncé,Kesha,U2andthe

Beatles,too.

Whenthereisgoodmusic,I’mhappy.

body of paragraph

closing sentence

EscriuUN TExT>>Writing a paragraph

REPASSA L’ESCRIT>>Checking your work AbANS D’ESCRIURE>>Brainstorming


WritingGuide

L’oRDRE DE LES PARAULES: SUbJECTE - VERb (Word order: Subject – Verb)

Elsubjectedel’oracióesposadavantdelverb.

David walks to school.

sv

David is riding a new bike.

sv

Peròalespreguntes,elverbvadavantdelsubjecte.Where is my diary?vs

Does David walk to school? auxsv

L’oRDRE DE LES PARAULES: ELS ADJECTIUS (Word order: Adjectives)

•Normalmentvandavantdelssubstantius. warm sweater

adj n

Itambédarreredelverbto be. The sweater is warm. v adj

•Sihihadosadjectiusdavantd’unnom,acostumenaanarenaquestordre:midaicolor.

He was wearing a long purple coat.

m c

L’oRDRE DE LES PARAULES: ELS ADVERbIS (Word order: Adverbs)

•Elsadverbisd’intensitatimaneravandarreredelverb.Elsd’intensitatvandavantdelsdemanera.

Anna is sitting very quietly.

adverbofdegreeadverbofmanner

•Elsadverbisdefreqüènciavandavantdelverbenlesoracionsafirmatives.

He usually takes the bus to school.

adv v

Peròsielverbésto be,l’adverbivadarrere.

She is never lazy.

v adv

ELS CoNNECToRS DE SEQÜÈNCIA(Connectors of Sequence)

Quanexpliquemunasèriedefetsutilitzemaquestesparaulespermostrarl’ordreenquèvantenirlloc:

•first(primer,enprimerlloc)

•then(després,llavors)

•next(totseguit)

•after that(després[d’allò])

•finally(finalment,peracabar)

I had a fun day on Saturday. First, I made pancakes for breakfast and my family loved them. Then, we watched some old video films of my family. They were very funny. Next, we went to the beach and had a picnic. After that, we visited my grandparents and played Monopoly together. Finally, in the evening I went to a party with my friends. Saturday was a great day.

LES CoNJUNCIoNS (Linking words)

Sónparaulesqueuneixenduesomésidees.

•and(i)uneixduesoracionsoidees.

I sailed to Greece and I flew to Australia last year.

• or(o)uneixduesideesdiferents.

We walk to school or we take a bus.

• but(però)uneixduesideescontradictòriesentresi.

David likes travelling but he doesn’t like flying.

• because(perquè)expressalaraóocausad’algunacosa.

Janice doesn’t go on a motorboat because she doesn’t like water.

LES PREPoSICIoNS DE TEMPS (Prepositions of Time)

S’utilitzendiferentspreposicionsdavantdeleshoresielsperíodesdefesta,elsdiesilesdates,elsmesos,lesestacions,elsanysilespartsdeldia.Ésmoltimportantquesàpiguesutilitzar-nelacorrectaencadacas.Paraatencióaaquestsexemples:

•at +hores: at two o’clock

+festivitats: at Christmas

•on +diesdelasetmana: on Sunday

+dates: on 10th May

on Christmas Day

•in +mesos: in June

+estacions: in winter

+anys: in 2010

+partsdeldia: in the evening

Excepcions: at the weekend

at night

2626 2727Advanced Real English 2 Catalan © B Burlington Books

WritingGuide

LES CoNJUNCIoNS CAUSALS I CoNSECUTIVES (Connectors of Cause and Effect)

•Lesconjuncionscausalss’utilitzenperexpressarlacausaperlaqualvaesdeveniralgunacosa. Laconjunciómésfreqüentésbecause.

He can’t come because his sister is ill.

•Lesconjuncionsconsecutivess’utilitzenperexpressarl’efectecausatperalgunacosa.Lamésfreqüentésso.

The baby was hungry, so my mother gave him his food.

ELS ADJECTIUS PoSSESSIUS I ELS PRoNoMS(Referencing)

S’utilitzenperferreferènciaalsnomsesmentatsprèviamentiaixínorepetir-los.

My school is in this village. It is next to the supermarket.

I went to the party with my friends. I had fun with them.

Cindy’s CDs are on the table. Those are her CDs.

LA TRIA DE LES PARAULES(Word Choice)

Afegeixadjectiuspermillorarlatevaredaccióifer-lamésinteressant.

We went to see a frightening film at the new cinema.

Documents

Advanced Real English 2 - bbresources.s3. · PDF fileplay the guitar /UoM fL ZB'WE/ tocar la guitarra play volleyball /UoM 'dFoiVGo/ jugar a voleibol practise the piano /UpæYWBg fL