Advanced Placement Biology

Prelab Instruction

A compilation by:Virginia Vilardi

Introduction

• Advanced Placement Biology is the equivalent of a college freshman level course. As such it must also have the lab component that goes a long with it.

• This presentation is geared towards introducing the student to each of the labs as well as helping them through the procedure and data analysis.

• Much of the material is taken from Campbell’s Biology 7th edition online teacher’s help. The online help goes along with the Campbell’s Biology 7th edition the most used book for AP Biology.

Table of Contents/Links• AP Lab 1 Osmosis and Diffusion • AP Lab 2 Enzyme Catalysis • AP Lab 3 Mitosis and Meiosis • AP Lab 4 Plant Pigments and Photosynthesis • AP Lab 5 Cell Respiration • AP Lab 6 Molecular Biology• AP Lab 7 Genetics of Organisms• AP Lab 8 Population Genetics and Evolution • AP Lab 9 Transpiration • AP Lab 10 Physiology of Circulatory System • AP Lab 11 Animal Behavior • AP Lab 12 Dissolved Oxygen and Aquatic Primary Productivity • References/Acknowledgements• Web Sites for Program Enhancement• Evaluation Project

AP Lab 1

• Background• Materials• Procedure• Safety Precautions• Data Analysis• Time requirements

Materials: Osmosis and Diffusion

• Dialysis Tubing• Sucrose• IKI Solution• Cork Borer• Dropping Pipettes• Graduated, Plastic, 8-oz Cups• Funnel• Glucose Indicator• Glucose Starch Solution• Containers for 5 Sucrose Solutions• 2-L Flask• Graduated Cylinder• Thermometer• Plastic Wrap• Triple Beam or Electronic Balance• Potato

Safety Precautions: Osmosis and Diffusion

• IKI solution can irritate the skin, mouth and eyes/

• IKI solution can stain skin and clothing

Time Requirements: Osmosis and Diffusion

• Teacher must prepare sucrose solutions ahead of time - prep time approximately 1 hour

• Allow two laboratory periods for lab

• Lab Activity C must sit overnight

AP Lab 2

• Background• Materials• Procedure • Safety Precautions• Data Analysis• Time requirements

Materials: Enzyme Catalysis • Graduated, Plastic, 8-oz Cups• Graduated, Plastic, 2-oz Cups• Tubes and Tubing• Calibrated Transfer Pipettes• Syringes (2 sizes)• Potassium Permanganate, 2%• Hydrogen Peroxide, 3%• Sulfuric Acid (1 M)• Lyophilized Catalase• Disposable Gloves• Glass Rod• Distilled Water• Test Tube Holder• Test Tube Rack• Boiling Water Bath• Ice• Potato

Safety Precautions: Enzyme Catalysis

• Use extreme care when handling H2SO4 . This acid is extremely corrosive. Make sure to follow the handling of hazardous materials procedures. (Proper eye protection, lab aprons & gloves).

• Handle KMnO4 with care – avoid contact with skin and eyes.

Time Requirements: Enzyme Catalysis

• Teacher must prepare a cup of H2O2 to be left out overnight - prep time approximately 30 minutes

• Allow one laboratory period for lab

AP Lab 3

• Background• Materials• Procedure• Safety Precautions• Data Analysis• Time requirements

Materials: Mitosis and Meiosis • Whitefish/Onion Mitosis Slide Sets• Toluidine Blue O Buffer Solution• Hydrochloric Acid (1 M)• Sordaria 35mm Transparency • Transfer Pipettes• Microscope Slides• 4 1/2-oz Cups• Coverslips• Sordaria Demonstration Cross Plate• Razor Blades• Clothes Pins• Pearl Onion Bulbs• Microscopes• Chromosome Simulation Kit• Scalpel

Safety Precautions: Mitosis and Meiosis

• Handle Sordaria culture with care, dispose of properly.

Time Requirements: Mitosis and Meiosis

• Allow two laboratory periods for lab – one for Mitosis, one for Meiosis.

AP Lab 4

• Background• Materials• Procedure • Safety Precautions• Data Analysis• Time requirements

Materials: Plant Pigments and Photosynthesis

• Amber Vials (1 dram) Aquarium(s) ( 1/2 gal)• Chromatography Paper Chromatography Jars• Chromatography Solvent Cheesecloth• DPIP Solution (perishable) Funnel• Parafilm® Phosphate Buffer Solution (0.1 M)• Stapler Sucrose Solution (0.5 M)• Transfer Pipettes Mortar and Pestle or Blender• Spectrophotometer 24 Cuvettes• Lamp Test Tube Racks• Aluminum Foil Fresh Spinach Leaves• Ice Timers

Safety Precautions: Plant Pigments and Photosynthesis

• Avoid breathing fumes from the chromatography solvent as they are harmful to the respiratory track.

Time Requirements: Plant Pigments and Photosynthesis

• Teacher must prepare chloroplast suspensions ahead of time - prep time approximately 1 hour

• Allow one laboratory periods for lab – set up Lab 4A plant pigments/chromatography first, allow color migration while setting up Lab 4B Photosynthesis

AP Lab 5

• Background• Materials• Procedure• Safety Precautions• Data Analysis• Time requirements

Materials: Cell Respiration • Shallow Plastic Trays• Metal Washers• Transfer (dropping) Pipettes• Glass Beads• Graduated Serological Pipettes• Alaska Pea Seed• Rubber Stoppers, #4 • Forceps• Sealant• Bag Absorbent Cotton Balls• Potassium Hydroxide Solution, 15%• Bag Nonabsorbent Cotton Balls• Glass Vials (8 dram)• Graduated Tubes• Parafilm®• Thermometers• Timers• Ice

Safety Precautions: Cell Respiration

• Handle KOH with care it can be caustic.

• Use a small amount of red food coloring in the tip of each respirometer before starting experiment. This will allow for easier reading of the results.

Time Requirements: Cell Respiration

• Teacher must prepare germinating peas ahead of time - prep time approximately 30 minutes

• Allow one laboratory period for lab

AP Lab 6

• Background

• Materials

• Procedure

• Safety Precautions

• Data Analysis

• Time requirements

• E. coli Solution • Plasmid DNA Solution• Ampicillin• Transformation Buffer• Luria Broth • Ready-to-Pour Plates • Spreading Beads• Sterile Tubes

Pipettes• Transfer Loops

• Predigested DNA • Undigested DNA• Disposable Pipetting Devices• Agarose• Stain• Staining Trays• Disposable Gloves• TBE Buffer• Semi-Log Graph Paper• Rulers• Gel Electrophoresis Chamber• Power Supply• White Light Source

Materials: Molecular Biology

Safety Precautions: Molecular Biology

• Use sterile technique when handling bacteria cultures. Dispose of properly.

• Use caution when loading the electrophoresis gel so as not to puncture the gel.

Time Requirements: Molecular Biology

• Teacher must prepare agar plates and gels ahead of time - prep time approximately 1 ½ hour

• Allow two and one half laboratory periods for lab

AP Lab 7

• Background• Materials• Procedure• Safety Precautions• Data Analysis• Time requirements

• Parental Stocks:– wild type– Vestigial– Sepia– White

• F1 sepia × wild Cross• F1 white × wild Sex-Linked Cross• F1 vestigial × sepia Cross• Fly Nap Culture Vials• Vial Labels Instant Drosophila Medium• Drosophila Sorting Brushes Morgues• Disposable Gloves Isopropyl Alcohol• Sorting Cards Petri Dishes

Transfer Pipettes Vial Plugs• Stereomicroscopes or Magnifiers

Materials: Genetics of Organisms

Safety Precautions: Genetics of Organisms

• Be sure to ventilate the room well if using Fly Nap or ether.

Time Requirements: Genetics of Organisms

• Allow three laboratory periods for lab

AP Lab 8

• Background

• Materials

• Procedure

• Safety Precautions

• Data Analysis

• Time requirements

Materials: Population Genetics and Evolution

• 100 Sheets of Control Paper

• 100 Sheets of PTC Paper

• Allele Simulation Card Set

• Calculator with Square Root Function

Safety Precautions: Population Genetics and Evolution

• Notify students that if they are tasters the PTC paper will have a very bitter taste.

Time Requirements: Population Genetics and Evolution

• Allow one laboratory periods for lab

AP Lab 9

• Background• Materials• Procedure• Safety Precautions• Data Analysis• Time requirements

Materials: Transpiration• Plastic Tray Poly-Flat with Soil• Bush Bean Seed Pipettes (0.1 mL)• Spray Bottle 12 × 24" Plastic Bags• Tubing ( 1/8") Nut and Bolt Microtomes• Paraffin Wax Glycerin, 50%• Ethanol, 50% Toluidine Blue O Buffer Solution• Petri Dishes (60 × 15 mm) Forceps• Petroleum Jelly Razor Blades• Microscope Slides Coverslips• Transfer Pipettes Ring Stands• Clamps Fans• Lamps Microscopes• Thermometers

Safety Precautions: Transpiration

• Melted paraffin wax can cause burns – handle with care.

Time Requirements: Transpiration

• Allow one laboratory periods for lab

AP Lab 10

• Background• Materials• Procedure• Safety Precautions• Data Analysis• Time requirements

Materials: Physiology of Circulatory System

• Classroom Blood Pressure Sets• Depression Slides• Petri Dishes• Cotton• Transfer Pipettes• Alcohol Preps• Stereomicroscopes or Magnifiers• Rubber Bands • Culture of Daphnia magna

Safety Precautions: Physiology of Circulatory System

• Students with health problems should be the lab recorders not participants in the lab activity.

• Remember to clean ear pieces in between usage.

Time Requirements: Physiology of Circulatory System

• Teacher must keep Daphnia’s water fresh - prep time approximately 30 minutes.

• Allow two laboratory periods for lab

AP Lab 11

• Background• Materials• Procedure• Safety Precautions• Data Analysis• Time requirements

Materials: Animal Behavior • Isopods• Isopod Choice Chambers• Mesh Screens• Sorting Brushes• Hydrochloric Acid (1 M)• Absorbent Paper• Transfer Pipettes• Foil• Potassium Hydroxide Solution,

2%• Marking Pen• Lamps• Thermometers

• Drosophila• Fly Nap® Kit• 36 Culture Vials• 36 Vial Plugs• Unit Instant Drosophila Medium• 72 Labels• 100 Drosophila Sorting Cards

Safety Precautions: Animal Behavior

• HCl is a corrosive acid handle with care.

• KOH is also a corrosive, irritant, and toxic.

Time Requirements: Animal Behavior

• Allow one laboratory period for lab

AP Lab 12

• Background• Materials• Procedure• Safety Precautions• Data Analysis• Time requirements

Materials: Dissolved Oxygen and Aquatic Primary Productivity

• 50-mL Vials Sodium Thiosulfate BOD Bottles• Manganous Sulfate Solution 20-mL Sampling Vials• Alkaline Potassium Iodide Azide Titration Syringes• Starch Indicator Fiberglass Screens• Sulfamic Acid Powder with 1-g Spoons• Chlorella Culture Alga-Gro® Medium• 60-cc Syringes Gloves• Tubing Aquarium(s) ( 1/2 gal)• Light Bank Aluminum Foil• Waterproof Markers Rubber Bands• Thermometers

Safety Precautions: Dissolved Oxygen and Aquatic Primary Productivity

• Handle test chemicals with care some are harmful if swallowed. Others may cause irritation. Avoid breathing the vapor, or dusts. Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothes. Wash thoroughly after handling.

Time Requirements: Dissolved Oxygen and Aquatic Primary Productivity

• Teacher must collect pond or lake water ahead of time - prep time approximately 1 hour

• Allow two laboratory periods for lab

References/Acknowledgements• https://www2.carolina.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/CategoryDisplay?catalogId=10101&storeId

=10151&categoryId=2420&langId=-1&parent_category_rn=66|967&pageNum=1&catLevel=2&bottom=Y&count=24

• http://wardsci.com/search.asp?t=c&c=978&pc=&showall=1&dt=00&sb=1

• http://wps.aw.com/bc_campbell_biology_7/0,9854,1703570-,00.html

• http://www.liberty.k12.mo.us/~rknowles/A%20P%20Biology%20PowerPoints/A.%20P.%20Biology%20Light%20and%20Spectrophotometry%20Lecture.ppt

• http://www.liberty.k12.mo.us/~rknowles/A%20P%20Biology%20PowerPoints/A.%20P.%20Biology%20Intro.%20to%20Fruit%20Fly%20Genetics.ppt

• http://www.searchforvideo.com/pub/discovery/discovery-channel/

Web Sites for Program Enhancement

• http://www.liberty.k12.mo.us/~rknowles/index_files/Page638.htm

• http://wps.aw.com/bc_campbell_biology_7/1,9854,1703422,.html

• http://www.searchforvideo.com/pub/discovery/discovery-channel/

• http://www.unitedstreaming.com/

• http://apcentral.collegeboard.com/

• http://www.biology.com/

• http://www.biology.arizona.edu/default.html

Evaluation of Project

Project Goal Evaluation Questions Client

Students will be able to set up and perform Advanced Placement Biology Labs according to laboratory protocol.

1. Does the presentation show materials needed for the AP Biology Labs? 2. Does the presentation provide instruction on the set up and performance of the AP Biology Labs? 3. Does the presentation provide information on the performance of the AP Biology Labs?

AP Biology Teacher AP Biology Student

Students will have a better understanding on the background of the lab and how it applies to the classroom topics.

1. Does the presentation provide background information on the AP Biology Labs? 2. Does the presentation show a relationship between the lab and the classroom topic? 3. Does the presentation provide a better understanding of the classroom topics

AP Biology Teacher AP Biology Student

Students will have enhanced understanding of the classroom topics and retention of information.

1. Does the presentation assist in the understanding of the AP Biology Class topics? 2. Does the presentation aide the retention of the topic information?3. Does the presentation maintain viewers interest through use of media variety?

AP Biology Teacher AP Biology Student

Evaluation of Project

Evaluation Form

Evaluation Questions Evaluation Questions Evaluation Questions

Please evaluate the AP Biology Labs Multimedia Presentation for each of the 12 AP Biology Labs. 1 is low 5 is high.

1-2-3-4-5 1-2-3-4-5 1-2-3-4-5

AP Lab 11.1 Does the presentation show materials needed for the AP Biology Labs?

1-2-3-4-5

2.1 Does the presentation provide instruction on the set up and performance of the AP Biology Labs?

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3.1 Does the presentation provide information on the performance of the AP Biology Labs?

1-2-3-4-5

2.1 Does the presentation provide background information on the AP Biology Labs?

1-2-3-4-5

2.2 Does the presentation show a relationship between the lab and the classroom topic?

1-2-3-4-5

3.2 Does the presentation provide a better understanding of the classroom topics

1-2-3-4-5

3.1 Does the presentation assist in the understanding of the AP Biology Class topics?

1-2-3-4-5 2.3 Does the presentation aide the retention of the topic information?

1-2-3-4-53.3 Does the presentation maintain viewers interest through use of media variety?

1-2-3-4-5