Advanced Materials Ch1.ppt - Islamic University of Gazasite.iugaza.edu.ps/aabuzarifa/files/Advanced-Materials_Ch1.pdf · Dr. Anwar Abu-Zarifa . Islamic University Gaza . Department

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EIND 5315

Dr. Anwar Abu-ZarifaAssociate Professor

E-mail: [email protected]: http://site.iugaza.edu.ps/aabuzarifa

Dr. Anwar Abu-Zarifa . Islamic University Gaza . Department of Industrial Engineering

Syllabus Lectures: 2 sessions / week, 1.5 hours / session Text Book: No Textbook Grading:

Attendance 5% Project 10% Mid-term 30% Final examination 55%

Course Description "Advanced Materials" deals with modern, innovative

materials with special properties at atomic/molecular scaleand a pronounced potential for application in science,technology and medicine. Introduces advanced materials forengineers, emphasizing the production /structure /property/function relation and application of a number of dvancedmaterials. Topics include polymers (production, processingand applications), Biomaterials , ceramics, composites(classes and application), and smart materials.

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Discussed Topics Polymers ( Scientific, Fabrication, Application) Biomaterials Ceramics Composites Smart materials (shape memory alloys, magnetic mems)

Text Book No Textbook

References (Recommended Reading) Advanced Materials Research and Production, by Ferry Iskandar

and Satria Zaularnaen Bisri, 2015 Advances in Manufacturing and Materials Engineering (Advanced

Materials Research), by I. I. Yaacob and Mohammad Yeakub Ali,2015

Advanced Mechanics of Materials, by Arthur P. Boresi and RichardJ. Schmidt, 2002

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INTRODUCTION

Chapter 1

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Types of MaterialsMetals

High densityMedium to highmelting pointMedium to highelastic modulusReactiveDuctile

Ceramics• Low density• High melting

point• Very high

elastic modulus

• Unreactive

Polymers• Very low

density• Low melting

point• Low elastic

modulus• Very

reactive• Ductile and

brittle types

Organics(wood, paper, textiles)• Sustainable• Recyclable• Biodegradable• Easily worked• Flammable• Share properties

of composites

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WHAT IS AN ADVANCED MATERIAL?

There are many different definitions of advanced materials and they have become so commonly used that most tend to assume that advanced materials are just materials. For a physical scientist considers that advanced materials could just as easily have been “Polymers”, for these are some of the most versatile advanced materials in use today and often are confused as plastics by many people.

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Some scholars define advanced materials as those that involve knowledge (and creation of materials) at the molecular and/or atomic scale for the purpose of advancing technology and improving the human experience. These might be materials such as tiny carbon nanotubes that are being used in new types of X-ray tubes that are more efficient and safer than those now in use at airports and in doctor’s offices. These are also new coatings and methods of manufacturing of Teflon, which is an example of a polymer material made with chemical processing methods that causes much less pollution and is “environmentally friendly”. Other possibilities include materials used in new diagnostic methods such as those for medical biopsies.

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Advanced materials research involves discoveries of fundamental principles of Chemistry, Mathematics and Physics that can be applied to control the molecular-level properties of new materials, and then fashioning materials and/or nanostructures for real-life applications. It involves knowing the conditions under which a material will be used and identifying candidate materials for this purpose.

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There is always a real need for better materials and/or nanostructures - the issue is how much better and at what cost. An applied scientist, with a particular application in mind, will scour lists of known materials and/or nanostructures looking for one that meets his or her needs. If existing materials are unsuitable, the applied and basic scientist must work together to develop new materials and/or nanostructures. This synergism between what is availableand what needs to be developed reflects the important and complementary roles of the basic and applied sciences in Materials Science. Neither one takes precedence over the other. Rather, they work hand-in-hand to fulfill our ever-growing need for new materials.

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ADVANCED MATERIALS: Materials that are utilized in high-technology application They might be of all material types whose properties have been

enhanced or newly developed Electronic equipment, computers, fiber optic systems, spacecraft,

aircraft, and military rocketry.

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Metals and AlloysMetals are the most common of the elements.Strong, with good conductivity for electricity and

heat. Mostly easily worked. Bronze Steel Aluminium, Magnesium Titanium: as strong as steel but 45% lighter Shape memory alloys

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Polymers

Flexible Thermoplastic (PE, PU)

Rigid Thermoplastic (PVC, PS)

Rigid Thermosets (EP, PF)

Elastomers or rubbers

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CeramicsA ceramic is a composite consisting of hard granules boundtogether by a ‘glue’ often like glass.

Examples:Stone

Limestone (CaCO3)Sandstone (SiO2)Granite (aluminosilicates)

Cement and ConcreteMixtures of lime (CaO), silica (SiO2) and alumina (Al2O3) The CaO reacts with water and carbon dioxide from the air to form Ca2CO3 (limestone)

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Microstructure of ceramics

Engineering ceramic – Al2O3Pottery ceramic14


Properties of ceramics Extremely hard and resistant to wear Very high melting point Resistant to chemical attack High compressive strength Low and variable tensile strength Low density ( as compared to steel) Ceramic components are not easy to make because

of their high mp and hard/brittle so can’t bemachined.

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Organic materials Have been used since the stone age Fibre for ropes Timber for houses and furniture Paper and cardboard for packaging

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Wood Has a grain structure with directionally oriented fibers High compressive strength Good tensile strength along grain axis Weak across grain

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CompositesIn its most basic form a composite material is one which is composed of at least two elements working together to produce material properties that are different to the properties of those elements on their own.

The properties of a material depend on the kind of stress it is exposed to. For example concrete has a good compressive strength, but a low tensile strength. This is overcome by reinforcing with steel rods - making a composite.

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Three main groups of engineering composites Polymer matrix composites

Metal matrix composites

Ceramic matrix composites

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Matrix and reinforcement combined When the resin systems are combined with reinforcing

fibers such as glass, carbon and Aramid (Kevlar),exceptional properties can be obtained.

The resin matrix spreads the load applied to the compositebetween each of the individual fibers and also protects thefibers from damage caused by abrasion and impact.

High strengths and stiffness, ease of moulding complexshapes, high environmental resistance all coupled with lowdensities, make the resultant composite superior to metalsfor many applications.

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Smart Materials

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Documents

Advanced Materials Ch1.ppt - Islamic University of Gazasite.iugaza.edu.ps/aabuzarifa/files/Advanced-Materials_Ch1.pdf · Dr. Anwar Abu-Zarifa . Islamic University Gaza . Department