Advanced Liquid Fuels

Clean Jet Fuel made by a newly developed Fischer-Tropsch Technology:

Innovative, effective and environmentally friendly

Dr Brendon Hausberger – presenting author

Co authors:

Dr Simon Holland, Axel Juch, Dr Erhard Tschirner, Dr Rüdiger Schwarz

Requirements for Clean Fuel Technology

• Progress has been made renewable sources for electricity and in respect of ground vehicles, the challenge of aircraft fuel remains a challenge.

• Jet fuel demand is increasing at over 3% per annum

• Simultaneous environmental pressure is increasing to reduce impact of the aviation industry.• Commitment to CO2 60% reduction by 2050.

• Major progress has been made in fuel consumption (>80%), but we also need to consider a drop in substitute that is cleaner to use.

Meeting the Jet Fuel Challenge

Requires expanded and diversified supply sources

Preferably locally based to reduced BOT impact

Ensure emissions from production and usage are

reduced

Water and land impact are critical for CTL options

Fuel must be cheap enough to use

Fuel is the single largest impact on the aviation industry

Fuel must be drop-in replacement

Aircraft need to be able to switch between this fuel and

other supplies without modification

Importance of Coal Resources to Germany’s Achieving Clean Fuel Energy Security• Germany is one of the worlds largest energy consumers

• Brown coal is historically Germany's only locally self sufficient energy resource.

• Local fossil fuel resources are diminishing thereby increasing dependency on imports.

• Import dependency creates financial uncertainty for future planning and places costing control outside domestic influence

Why use Fischer Tropsch?

• Well proven as a fuel producer

• Provides a feedstock for downstream chemical production

• Can support energy security in parallel with supporting increased chemical production

Benefits of using FT Fuels in Aircraft

• Over 90% reduction in Particulate Matter emissions

• Despite lower fuel density, increased energy density (allows greater yield from same fuel)

• Reduced fuel viscosity

• Over 90% reduction in SOx due to lower sulphur content in fuels (<5ppm)

• Reduction in NOX of up to 30% subject to fuel formulation.

• Improved thermal stability

• Have been accepted as drop in fuel substitutes

Overview of ALF Technology

• Once-Through Modular FT process

• Fixed Trickle Bed Technology

• Iron based catalyst

• Variable product upgrading options:• Ultra low sulphur diesel• Ultra low sulphur jet fuel• Gasoline

• Subject to implementation market and Scale can also produce:• Power• Clinker• Fertiliser• Chemicals and Waxes

ALF Process

Product Distribution Options

LPG; 2% Light Naphtha; 9%

Heavy Naphtha; 8%

Diesel; 82%

LPG; 4%Gasoline;

16%

Diesel; 80%

LPG; 10%

Light Naphtha;

26%

Heavy Naphtha; 4%

Jet Fuel; 60%

LPG; 14%

Light Naphtha;

10%

Gasoline; 30%

Jet Fuel; 46%

Jet

Fue

lD

iese

l

No Gasoline By-product With Gasoline By-product

Performance Benefits of ALF Process

• Increased thermal efficiency (>46%)

• Lower environmental impact than other CTL options:• 20-25% lower CO2 than competing processes.• >25% reduction in water usage

• Flexible product selectivity

• Technology allows for either co-generation or chemicals beneficiation or both• Cogeneration can include both baseline and ramping

power

• Concentration CO2 stream support future CCSU

5.68 tonnes

CO2

Competing Technology

CTL

Urea Production

Power Generation

(IGCC)

7.3 tonnes CO2

3.52 tonnes CO2

0.15 tonnes CO2

10.97 tonnes

CO2

CO2 Emissions–Vergleich

11

CO2 – Emissions per Tonne FT - Product

05.04.2016

XtEL-Process H&H: 5,68 t CO2Conventional FT - Prozess: 10,97 t CO2

Advantage: Up to 50% reduction in CO2 emissions compared to conventional FT process

XtEL™ Sources

0.04 tonnes CO2

Power Generation

Fertilizer Production

0.88 tonnes CO2

Syngas Production

(Gasification / Reformer)

FT Production

5.73 tonnes CO2

0.11 tonnes CO2

Urea1.07 tonnes

CO2

XtEL™ Sinks

9,47

5,92

5,53

3,09

1,78

0 2 4 6 8 10

Competing CTL Technology*

Coal XtEL Technology

Methane Flaring

Competing GTL Technology**

Gas XtEL Technology

Tonnes of CO2/Tonne Liquid Product

Carbon Emission Comparison

Provenance of the Process Components

• Innovation lies in:• Design (catalyst, process integration

and concept)

• FT component demonstrated with over 18 months of operation with coal derived syngas.

• All technology process blocks have been demonstrated on full commercial scale.

Conclusions• Germany’s Lignite resources can provide fuel security for the local and European

fuel requirements.

• This can be done:• Environmentally responsibly

• Economically competitively

• Products do need to complete the regulatory process to be acceptable, but good processes and benchmarks in place to achieve this.

• Process could use other syngas sources such as biomass/biogas/natural gas

• ALF is in ongoing discussion with Potential German partners to establish 10 bpd demonstration for the production of clean jet fuel

Thank you for your attention