Advanced Internal Combustion Diesel Engine Using Oxygen Enriched and Nitrogen

ADVANCED INTERNAL COMBUSTION DIESEL ENGINE USING OXYGEN ENRICHED AND NITROGEN ENRICHED AIR STREAMS

VENKADESH.K, VIGNESH.V, RAMESH ARAVINTH.G

B.E.MECHANICALENGINEERING E.G.S.PILLAYENGINEERING COLLEGE

NAGAPATTINAM, TAMILNADU, INDIA

Abstract;

Today a lot of minds are concerned with designing efficient systems with energy conservative measures. In the present

diesel engines air is the main ingredient for combustion process. But it requires higher fuel rate for producing more power

and it produces the primary pollutants which are undesirable to the environment. As a remedy to these conventional

problems, we use A method and apparatus for reducing the emissions and improving the performance of a diesel

engine. In this an input air stream is separated into an oxygen-enriched air stream and a nitrogen-enriched air stream.

The oxygen-enriched air is first sent into the combustion chamber for the complete combustion, which results in increase

in fuel consumption and the power. After a predefined time delay, a volume of nitrogen-enriched air is provided from the

holding chamber to the combustion chamber to be used during the rest of the combustion process, which results in the

decrease of NOX emissions and eliminating the problem of engine overheating.

INTRODUCTION:

The purpose of an internal combustion engine is to convert the chemical energy of the fuel into the mechanical energy of

motion using a process of combustion with air as the main ingredient. The air consists of 77% of Nitrogen, 22% of

Oxygen and 1% of other gases. However during the combustion process only 22% of O2 will undergo complete

combustion. The remaining nitrogen and other gases will be sent out as emissions which include a number of pollutants

whose presence are undesirable in the environment. In this method the atmospheric air is separated into oxygen-enriched

air and nitrogen-enriched air with the help of a membrane. By the introduction of oxygen-enriched air (28% to30%) there

is a reduction in emission of primary pollutants, as well as increased fuel efficiency and engine power .Then by the

introduction of nitrogen-enriched air into the combustion chamber after the start of combustion provides for a reduction in

the formation of NOx, while reducing or eliminating the problem of engine overheating caused by oxygen-enrichment of

intake air suspected carcinogens. In comparison to gasoline engines, diesel engines have particularly high concentrations

of nitrogen oxides and particulate matter contained in their emissions.

Membrane for the separation of air into nitrogen and oxygen elements

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This is a membrane that functions to separate the air that is directed into it into oxygen-enriched air stream and nitrogen-

enriched air stream. The membrane contains an inner membrane material which through a process of selective permeation

or solution-diffusion separates the air into an oxygen-enriched air stream and a nitrogen-enriched air stream. This process

can be accomplished due to the fact that oxygen has a higher solubility through the inner membrane material than that of

nitrogen. Typically, the membrane material is composed of a bundle of hollow polymer fibers which selectively allow

oxygen molecules to diffuse through the membrane wall while allowing nitrogen molecules to pass through the hollow

fibers without being absorbed.

During operation, an air stream is directed into the membrane through an air input port. Oxygen-enriched air is extracted

from the membrane through an oxygen-enriched air output port at a negative pressure relative to that of the air at the air

input port. Nitrogen-enriched air is extracted from the membrane through a nitrogen-enriched air output port at a high

pressure relative to that of the oxygen-enriched air. The desired high pressure of the input air stream can be achieved by

compressing, by various methods. The purity of the nitrogen-enhanced air stream can be adjusted according to the flow

rate, pressure, and temperature of the air stream fed into the membrane.

Apparatus for the separation of air into nitrogen-enriched air streams and oxygen-enriched air streams for use in

an I.C Engine

This is an apparatus for the separation of air into nitrogen-enriched air streams and oxygen-enriched air streams for use in

an internal combustion engine. An input air stream is directed into the air input port of the membrane which separates the

air into an oxygen-enriched air stream which is outputted through an oxygen-enriched air output port and a nitrogen-

enriched air stream which is outputted through a nitrogen-enriched air output port. The oxygen-enriched air stream is at a

negative pressure relative to the pressure of the nitrogen-enriched air stream. In an example of the present invention, the



ISBN: 978 - 15084725 - 51

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Date: 15.2.2015

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oxygen-enriched air stream is at a negative pressure of 48 cm, and the nitrogen-enriched air stream is at a pressure of

5bar. The oxygen-enriched air from the oxygen-enriched air output port is directed into a combustion chamber of an

internal combustion engine such as a diesel or gasoline engine, and the nitrogen-enriched air is directed from the nitrogen-

enriched air output port into a holding chamber. A compressor or blower such as a turbocharger or supercharger may be

used to increase the pressure of the input air stream before it is directed into the air input port in order to allow the

membrane to more efficiently separate the oxygen and nitrogen elements of the air.

WORKING PRINCIPLES:

After the introduction of the oxygen-enriched air into the combustion chamber, combustion process using the oxygen-

enriched air and combustible fuel is initiated. The introduction of the oxygen-enriched air into the combustion chamber

allows for more complete combustion, produces more engine power, and increases fuel efficiency. In addition, the amount

of particulate matter, carbon dioxide, and hydrocarbons present in the engine emissions is significantly reduced.

The introduction of nitrogen also provides for the added benefit of cooling the combustion chamber, which produces more

engine power per volume of fuel and prevents overheating of the engine. Control of the release of the nitrogen-enriched

air from the holding chamber can be accomplished through a variety of means including injection nozzles, electronic

valves, mechanical valves, pumps, etc. After the combustion process is complete, the exhaust emissions are expelled from

the combustion chamber through an exhaust outlet.

GRAPH:

Graphs are drawn In accordance with diesel engines.

RELATIVE BRAKE POWER Vs INTAKE AIR OXYGEN:



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RELATIVE TOTAL PARTICULATE MATTER Vs INTAKE AIR OXYGEN:

RELATIVE NOX Vs INTAKE AIR OXYGEN:

REPRESENTATION



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ADVANTAGES:

Our method plays an important role in global warming by reducing the primary pollutants such as CO2, CO, NOX and Particulate matter.

It increases the fuel efficiency of the engines which is the main necessity for the automotive industries.

The features of the technology can be improved so that it can be used for fuels which requires air as the main

spontaneous reactant.

Considering the BHP , it increases to a higher value which cannot be done by the addition of more amount of

fuels of the same volume of air and fuel

CONCLUSION: This approach is more advantageous and highly safety compared to the present technology. By

considering the future global problems and decreasing of Crude oil from the earth our method plays an important role in

its performance.



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Date: 15.2.2015

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Advanced Internal Combustion Diesel Engine Using Oxygen Enriched and Nitrogen