Advanced IBM Rational Functional Tester, Java Scripting

1

Advanced IBM Rational Functional Tester, Java Scripting

Advanced IBM Rational Functional Tester, Java

Scripting

Class Book


Course Outline

• Module 1: Regular Expressions• Module 2: Functional Tester API• Module 3: HelperSuper Classes• Module 4: Dynamic Object Handling• Module 5: Custom Verification Points• Module 6: Handling Non-Java/Browser Windows

2


Prerequisities

• The prerequisities for this course is completionof either:

– The online training class titled Essentials of IBM Rational Functional Tester, Java Scripting: The Basics

– The instructor-led course titled Essentials of IBM Rational Functional Tester, Java Scripting: The Basics

And

– Java for IBM Rational Functional Tester


Course Materials

• There are 2 books issued with this class:

– Class Book– Lab Book

3


Suggested Daily Schedule

5:30 pmClass end

2:00 pmLunch

11:00 amMorning Break

9:00 amClass Start


Technical Support Information

www.qaforums.comwww.dundee.net/sqa

User Groups:QA ForumsSQA User Group

(+52) (55) 3300-0650www.itera.com.mx

Era Contact Information

www.rational.com/supportIBM Rational Software Support

www.ibm.com/developerworksIBM Developer Works

[email protected]

Rational TechnicalSupport

4


Help & ReferencesJava DocumentYou can view/download java documentation online at

http://java.sun.com/reference/api/(current version of the java compiler used by Functional Tester: 1.4.2)

Functional Tester DocumentationFunctional Tester documentation is accessed from the Functional Tester HelpMenu

Learning JavaFriedl, Jeffrey. Mastering Regular Expressions, 2nd Edition. O’Reilly, 2002Van der Linden, Peter. Just Java 2, Fifth Edition. Prentice Hal PTR, 2001-


Introductions

• Your organization• Your role• Your background, experience

– Software development experience

– Rational tools experience– Testing experience

• What you want from this course

5


Module 1

Regular Expressions


Regular Expressions

• Functional Tester installs with Rational's lightweight regular expression class- import com.rational.test.util.regex.*;

• Sun's regular expression package is in JDK 1.4.x:- java.util.regex

• We will cover com.rational.test.util.regex.*

6


Regex: matches()

• Regular Expression Syntax: – public boolean matches(String strToCompare)

• /* The RE pattern is passed to the constructor to "compile" the regular expression. The match string is passed to the matches() method */

– Regex pattern = new Regex("in");– boolean b = pattern.matches("Fox in Socks");

• RE engine matches patterns without special characters.• Returns true, since 'in' is a subset of 'Fox in Socks'


Regex: matches()

• Selected Regex operators:

– * (asterisk)– + (plus)– . (period)– ? (question mark)– | (pipe)– () (parentheses)– [] (square brackets)– {} (curly braces)

Note: See the Functional Tester documentation for a more complete listing of regular expression operators.

7


• Regex character class operator: []used to match any one of several characters

Regex pattern = new Regex("gr[ae]y");pattern.matches("gray matter");

Returns true

pattern.matches("graey");Returns false

Regex pattern = new Regex ("www-[1-6]");

pattern.matches ("www-6.ibm.com") ;Returns true

Regex: matches()


Regex: matches()

• Regex negated character class: [^][^] negated character class

Regex pattern = new Regex("[A-E]-[^0-9]");

boolean b = pattern.matches("B-V");Returns true

b = pattern.matches("B-5");Returns false

8


Regex: matches()

• Regex operator: . (period)– matches any single character

Regex pattern = new Regex("212.240.9050");boolean b =pattern.matches("212-240-9050"); b = pattern.matches("212 240 9050"); b = pattern.matches("212/240/9050")

Returns true


Regex: matches()

• Regex operator: * (asterisk)– * matches 0 or more of the previous pattern

Regex pattern =new Regex("[0-9]* Dalmations");boolean b = pattern.matches("101 " + "Dalmations");

Returns true

b = pattern.matches("Red Dalmations");Returns true

b = pattern.matches("101 Terriers");Returns false

9


Regex: matches()

• Regex operator: ? (question mark) – ? matches 0 or 1 of the previous pattern

Regex pattern =new Regex ("https?://");

b = pattern.matches ("https://");

Returns true

b = pattern.matches("http://");

Returns true

b = pattern .matches("httpx://");

Returns false


Regex: matches()

• Regex operator: + (plus)– + matches 1 or more of the previous pattern

Regex pattern = new Regex("a+d");b = pattern.matches("aaaaad");

Returns true

b = pattern.matches ("d") ;Returns false, since 'd' is not 1 or more a's followed by a 'd'

b = pattern.matches("bbbbbd");Returns false, since 'bbbbbd' is not 1 or more 'a's followed

by a 'd'

10


Regex: matches()

• Regex operator: | (pipe)– | acts as a logical Or

Regex pattern =new Regex("FunctionalTester|WinRunner|Silk");

boolean b =pattern.matches("They use SilkTest");

Returns true

b = pattern.matches("They switched to Functional");

Returns false


Regex: matches()

• Regex operator: () (parentheses)– () are used to group patterns

Regex pattern = new Regex("a(bc)+d");b = pattern.matches("abcbcbcbcd");

Returns true

b = pattern.matches("bcbcbcbcd");Returns false

11


Regex: matches()

• Regex operator: {} (curly braces)– {} match a pattern a defined number of times.

• x{n} match 'x' exactly n times. • x{n,} match 'x' at least n times. • x{n,m} match 'x' at least n times and not more than m

times Regex pattern = new Regex("ba{3}d"); b = pattern.matches("baaad");

Returns trueb = pattern.matches("baaaad");

Returns falseRegex pattern = new Regex("ba{3,}d");b = pattern.matches("baad");

Returns falseb = pattern.matches("baaaad");

Returns true


Regex: matches()

• Escaping regex operators

Regex pattern = new Regex("a[(]bc[)]d");b = pattern.matches("a(bc)d");

returns trueb = pattern.matches("abcd");

returns falseRegex pattern = new Regex("a+b+c");b = pattern.matches("a+b+c");

returns falseRegex pattern = new Regex("a[+]b[+]c"); b = pattern.matches("a+b+c");

returns true

12


Regex: matches()

• POSIX character classes– Use character classes as match patternRegex pattern = new Regex("[:digit:]"); b = pattern.matches("3");

Returns trueb = pattern.matches("a");

Returns false

– Selected POSIX character classes:• [:alnum: ] Alphanumeric characters.• [:alpha:] Alphabetic characters.• [:digit:] Numeric characters.• [:lower:] Lower-case alphabetic characters.• [:upper:] Upper-case alphabetic characters.• [:punct:] Punctuation characters.


Regex: getMatch()

• public String getMatch()– Returns the part of the string that matched the

pattern.

String sRet = "";Regex pattern = new Regex ("a*dd") ;b = pattern.matches ("baaaaadd") ;

sRet = pattern.getMatch();

sRet= "aaaaadd"

13


Regex: getMatch()

• public String getMatch(int n)– Returns the substring that matched one of the

parenthesized subexpressions of the regular expression, in indexed order.

Regex pattern = new Regex("(value=)(\"[:alnum:]+\")");boolean b = pattern.matches("value=\"hidden\"");

System.out.println(pattern.getMatch());

System.out.println(pattern.getMatch(1));System.out.println(pattern.getMatch(2));

– getMatch() returns: value="hidden"– getMatch(1) returns: value=– getMatch(2) returns: "hidden"


Regex: Closure

• Two types of closure

– greedy: matches as many string elements as possible.– reluctant: matches as few string elements as possible.

• Greedy closure is the default closure. • Reluctant closure is indicated by a trailing '?' after the

operators: +, *, ?, {m,n}

14


Regex: Closure

• // greedy closure:Regex pattern = new Regex("j.*z");b = pattern.matches("jazjazjaz"); ret = pattern.getMatch();

ret = "jazjazjaz"

• // reluctant closure:Regex pattern = new Regex("j.*?z");b = pattern.matches("jazjazjaz"); ret = pattern.getMatch();

ret = "jaz"


Lab 1.1

Regular Expressions

15


Module 2

Functional Tester API



IGraphicalSubitem

StatelessGUISubitemTestObject

IToggle

ToggleTestObject

ISubitem

SubitemTestObject

Test Object

IScrollable

IGraphical

ScrollTestObject

IScreenIWindowITopWindow

ProcessTestObjectGuiTestObjectDomainTestObject

ISubitem, IGraphicalSubitem

GUISubitemTestObject

IFrame

FrameTestObject

ToggleGUITestObject

IToggleGUI

BrowserTestObject

IBrowserObject

FileDialogTestObject

IFileDialog

Package: com.rational.test.ft.object.interfaces

ITopWindow

TopLevelTestObject

16


• TestObject

– A TestObject contains a reference to a corresponding object in the software under test (SUT)

– A TestObject is a Java object "owned" by Functional Tester that serves as a proxy between Functional Tester and the corresponding object in the SUT

– A TestObject is usually (but not always) constructed from the Object Map (a "mapped" TestObject).



• TestObject children

- DomainTestObjectFunctional Tester models objects into groups called domains. Java and HTML are the two currently supported domains.Class provides access to information about these domains.

– ProcessTestObjectRepresents a Functional Tester-initiated process.

– GUITestObjectBase class for modeling all objects in the software under test that have a GUI.

– SubitemTestObjectModels subitems that are contained in other objects – for example, lists.


17



Object Map:

Link_RealTimeTechnologySolutio()

List_country()

Table_HtmlTable_2()

Text_zip()

Button_Gosubmit()

Table_HtmlTable_0()

Table_NameLastChangeChg()

Table_HtmlTable_0_2()

Html_title001()


• Object Map methods return TestObjectS:

// Recorded list selection:List_country().click();

List_country().click(atText("France"));// List selection using TestObject & GuiSubitemTestObject

TestObject tObj = List_country(); GuiSubitemTestObject gui = (GuiSubitemTestObject)tObj;

gui.click();

gui.click(atText("France"));// Or, even more tersely:

GuiSubitemTestObject gsto = List_country();

gsto.click();

gsto.click(atText("Denmark"));


18


Selected methods of TestObject:

• boolean exists();• void waitForExistence();• Hashtable getProperties();• Object getProperty(String propertyName);• setProperty(String propertyName, Object value);• getSubitem();• Hashtable getTestDataTypes();

• ITestData getTestData(String testDataType)



• public boolean exists();– tests whether object exists at runtime

boolean exists = Button_Gosubmit().exists();System.out.println(exists) ;


19


• public void waitForExistence()– Pauses script execution until object appears.

– Arguments:• MAXIMUM_FIND_OBJECT_TIME

– maximum amount of time (seconds) to wait for object (default: 20 s).

• FIND_OBJECT _DELAY_BETWEEN_RETRIES

– amount of time (seconds) to wait between attempts to find the object (default: 1s)

Button_Gosubmit().waitForExistence(10.0,1.0);



• Functional Tester Data Capture– Data capture from target objects can be performed by

calling one of 2 methods in TestObject:• getProperty()

– used if the data is a property of the object that Functional Tester can "see"

– returns the data as an Object

• getTestData()– used to capture any data that a data verification point

can "see"– returns the data as an ITestData interface

– usually requires more method calls


20


For capture with getProperty(), you need a TestObject'savailable property:

public Hashtable getProperties();– Returns Hashtable of Functional Tester’s properties

import java.util.*;

Hashtable htbl = Button_Gosubmit().getProperties();int i = 1;

Enumeration eKeys = htbl.keys();

Enumeration eElems = htbl.elements();for ( ; eKeys.hasMoreElements() ; i++) {

System.out.println("Hashtable key " + i + ":" +eKeys.nextElement() + "-" + eElems.nextElement());

};



With a property name from getProperties(), use getProperty() to capture:

– public Object getProperty(String propName);Returns the value of the specified property as an Object

Object propObj = Button_Gosubmit().getProperty(".name");

String prop = propObj.toString(); System.out.println( prop );

/ / return value: "Go button"


21


For HTML objects, getProperty () returns browser DOM properties, too:

String outerHTML=

(String)Html_title001().getProperty("outerHTML");

String outerText =(String)Html_title001().getProperty(".text");

System.out.println("outerHTML: " + outerHTML);

System.out.println(".text: " + outerText);


outerHTML: <DIV class=title id=title001 style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold"> FunctionalTester TEST WEB PAGE </DIV>.text: Functional Tester TEST WEB PAGE


void setProperty(String property, Object value)

Can be used to set data in objects


String expDate = "12/04";TestObject field = Text2();field.setProperty("text",

expDate);

22


Each script inherits methods (from RationalTestScript) to identify items for capture:

getSubitem() returns an ObjectWith the atIndex(),atText(),atCell(),atRow() and atColumn() methods, specific instance data can be accessed by item index, item name, cell indices, row index or column index

List Example: getSubitem(atIndex (n)):

TestObject secondItem =

(TestObject)List_country().getSubitem(atIndex(1));String country=secondItem.getProperty(".text").toString();

System.out.println(country);

country = México



To capture from table objects:

getSubitem(atCell(atRow(atIndex(n)), atColumn(atIndex(m))));

TestObject tblcell = (TestObject)Table_NameLastChanqeChq().getSubitem(

atCell(atRow(atlndex(3)),atColumn(atIndex(1))));

// indices are 0-basedString cell=

tblcell.getProperty(".text").toString();System.out.println(cell);

cell = 1,267.83


23


Functional Tester Data Capture• Data capture from target objects can be performed by

calling one of 2 methods in TestObject:– Object getProperty(String property)

used if the data is a property of the object that Functional Tester can "see"returns the data as an Object

– ITestData getTestData(String testDataType)

used to capture any data that a data verification point can "see"returns the data as an ITestData interface

usually requires more method calls



You can determine a TestObject's test data types from the Test Script Explorer

TestObject tree = tree();

ITestDataTree idata =

(ITeStDataTree)tree.getTestData("tree");


24


To determine a TestObject's test data types in code, use getTestDataTypes() :

public Hashtable getTestDataTypes();

Provides access to object property data types–Returns Hashtable of test data types and descriptions–Can be used to find specific data types at runtime:

Hashtable dataTypes = tree().getTestDataTypes();

// return value: {tree = tree Hierarchy;// selected = selected tree Hierarchy}



• With a dataType, you can get an ITestData interface reference:– public ITestData getTestData(String dataType)

• The dataType argument is one of the Hashtable keysreturned by getTestDataTypes()

• Returns an object that implements ITestData

• The returned interface reference can be used to capture data from target application objects, usually by casting to a subinterface


25


package com.rational.test.ft.vp

– ITestData• ITestDataText• ITestDataList• ITestDataTable• ITestDataTree• ITestDataMenu• ITestDataProperties

– ITestDataElement– ITestDataElementList– ITestDataTreeNode– ITestDataTreeNodes– IFtVerificationPoint




ITestDataTableITestDataList

ITestData

ITestDataText

ITestDataTreeNodeITestDataElementListITestDataElement

ITestDataTree

Package: com.rational.test.ft.vp

ITestDataTreeNodes

26


ITestDataText

– Useful for objects that contain a single piece of interesting text

– Can be used to capture:• the selected element from a Java list object

("selected"). • the entire contents (as one long string) of an HTML

Table ("text"). • the entire contents (as one long string) of an HTML

list object ("text")



getTestData() and ITestData

// get an ITestData interface:ITestData htmlDataObj =

Html_title001().getTestData("text");// ITestDataText extends ITestData

// ITestDataText has getText();

// ITestData does not cast to an ITestDataTextITestDataText htmlDataText =

(ITestDataText)htmlDataObj;

//execute getText() method to get the text:String htmlText = htmlDataText.getText();

System.out.println("HTML Text: " + htmlText);

htmlText: Functional Tester TEST WEB PAGE


27


ITestDataText interface with HTML text objects

// cast to an ITestDataText object directly:

ITestDataText htmlTestObj =

(ITestDataText)Html_title001().getTestData("text");// execute getText() on the resultinq interface:

String htmlText = htmlTestObj.getText();

System.out.println("HTML Text: " + html);

htmlText: Functional Tester TEST WEB PAGE



You can get HTML listbox text from ITestDataText:ITestDataText listTextObj =

(ITestDataText) List_country().getTestData("text");

String listText = listTextObj.getText();System.out.println("listbox text: " + listText);

The text of an HTML list object is also accessible using getProperty():String listText = (String) List_country().getProperty

(".text");

System.out.println("listbox text: " + listText);


28


Lab 2.1





ITestData

ITestDataText


ITestDataTree


ITestDataTreeNodes

29


ITestDataTable

– HTML tables have 3 test data types:• contents • Grid• Text ITestDataText

– Java tables have 2 test data types:• selected• contents


ITestDataTable

ITestDataTable


Methods in ITestDataTable

– getColumnCount()– getRowCount()– getCell( int row, int col )


30


• Implementation: contents data

ITestDataTable table = (ITestDataTable) Table_NameLastChangeChq().getTestData("contents");

int cols = table.getColumnCount();int rows = table.getRowCount();// loop throuqh cells (by columns) to retrieve cell contentsfor (int col = 0; col < cols; col++) {

for (int row = 0; row < rows; row++) {Object data = table.getCell(row, col);if (data != null) {

String cell = data.toStrinq(); System.out.println(row + "," + col +"=" + cell);

}}

}



Lab 2.2


31




ITestData

ITestDataText


ITestDataTree


ITestDataTreeNodes


ITestDataList

– HTML list objects have 3 test data types:• list returns the entire contents of the list object as ITestDataList

• selected returns selected item as ITestDataList• text returns the entire contents of the list object as ITestDataText

– Java list objects have 2 test data types:• selected returns data as ITestDataText• list returns data as ITestDataList


32


ITestDataList

Functional Tester Interfaces used with lists:– ITestDataList

• getElementCount()• getElements()

– ITestDataElementList• getElement(int)

– ITestDataElement• getElement()



ITestDataList

ITestDataList list =(ITestDataList) List_country().getTestData("list");

int count = list.getElementCount();

System.out.println( count );ITestDataElementList dataElemList = list.getElements();

for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {

ITestDataElement dataElem =dataElemList.getElement(i);

String elem = dataElem.getElement().toStrinq();System.out.println( elem );

}


33


ITestDataList

ITestDataList listSel = (ITestDataList) List_country().getTestData("selected");

ITestDataElementList selObj = listSel.getElements();

// Assumption: only 1 item is selected ITestDataElement selElem = selObj.getElement(0);

String selText = selElem.getElement().toString();

System.out.println("list selection: "+ selText);



Lab 2.3


34




ITestData

ITestDataText


ITestDataTree


ITestDataTreeNodes



Root Node

Child nodes

Leaf nodes

ClassicsJavaA

ClassicsJavaATestObjects:

tree()

35


ITestDataTree

• Java trees have 2 test data types:– tree

• Returns every node in the tree

– selected

• Returns complete path from selected node(s) to root node



ITestDataTree

• Functional Tester Interfaces used with trees:– ITestDataTree

• getTreeNodes()– ITestDataTreeNodes

• getRootNodes()• getNodeCount()

– ITestDataTreeNode• getNode()• getChildCount()• getChildren()• getparent()


36


Capture Tree data

Coding tasks:1. Cast ITestData to ITestDataTree2. Use getTreeNodes() from ITestDataTree to return

ITestDataTreeNodes3. Use getRootNodes() and getNodeCount() to return

an array of root nodes and the node count 4. Use the root node array to getChildCount() and to

getChildren()5. Return an array of child nodes from getChildren()6. Child nodes have getNode() , which returns a generic

object reference for each child node



Implementation - tree data

ITestDataTree treeObj =(ITestDataTree) tree().getTestData("tree");

ITestDataTreeNodes treeNodes = treeObj.getTreeNodes();

ITestDataTreeNode[] rootNodes =treeNodes.getRootNodes();ITestDataTreeNode[] childNodes =

rootNodes[0].getChildren();

int rootChildCnt = rootNodes[0].getChildCount(); for(int i = 0; i < rootChildCnt; i++) {

String child = childNodes[i].getNode().toString();

System.out.println( child );}


37


• Implementation - selected data

– selected data is held as the complete path from the root node down to the selected branch:



• Implementation - selected data

// Frame: ClassicsCDtree().click(atPath("Composers->Schubert"));

ITestDataTree dataObj =

(ITestDataTree)tree().getTestData("selected");ITestDataTreeNodes treeNodes = dataObj.getTreeNodes();

// we have 2 tree nodes in the collection:

System.out.println("node count = " + treeNodes.getNodeCount());


38


//continued from previous slide

ITestDataTreeNode[] nodes = treeNodes.getRootNodes();System.out.println("root node: " +

nodes[0].getNode().toString());

//can only be 1 since we are travelling down a//single branch

System.out.println("child count: " +

nodes[0].getChildCount();//the string value of the node = "Schubert"

ITestDataTreeNode[] firstgen = nodes[0].getChildren();

System.out.println("selected child: " +firstgen[0].getNode().toString());



Lab 2.4


39


Module 3

HelperSuper Classes


HelperSuper Classes

The default inheritance of your TestScript is:

RationalTestScript

"TestScriptHelper" Class

"TestScript“ Class

40


Functional Tester gives you the option of adding a HelperSuper Class to the hierarchy:

HelperSuper Classes

RationalTestScript

"TestScriptHelper" Class

"TestScript“ Class

HelperSuper


Uses of a HelperSuper class:

– Any methods that you want inherited by any or all scripts can be put in the HelperSuper class.

– Methods of the RationalTestScript class can be overridden in the HelperSuper

HelperSuper Classes

41


HelperSuper classes follow certain rules:

1. A HelperSuper class may have any valid Java class name.

2. A HelperSuper class must extend RationalTestScript.

3. A HelperSuper file can be in the datastore root orsubfolder, or an external .jar file.

4. Every participating TestScriptHelper must inherit from theHelperSuper class

5. The actual TestScript class itself requires no modification toinherit from a HelperSuper

HelperSuper Classes


Implementing a HelperSuper:Create a HelperSuper class in your datastore:

1. Create a New Test Folder in your datastore (call it 'util')

2. Create a new Java class using the File -> New -> Other Dialog.

3. Choose Java in the left panel and Class on the right panel in the wizard

4. Choose the folder, the package, a class name, and choose a superclass of: com.rational.test.ft.script.RationalTestScript

5. Press the finish button

HelperSuper Classes

42


HelperSuper Classes


Choose Java folder and Class inside the folder in the wizard

HelperSuper Classes

43


HelperSuper Classes

Datastore Name

Class Name

Parent Name


Functional Tester creates a stubbed superclasswith the characteristics you have requested:

package util;

import com.rational.test.ft.script.Rational.TestScript;

public class MyHelperSuper extends RationalTestScript {

//insert code here }

HelperSuper Classes

44


Implementing a HelperSuper:

Make MyHelperSuper inheritance the default for all new scripts.

– Right-click on the project in the Functional Test Project view, and select Properties.

– Select 'Functional Test Project' and change the 'Script Helper Superclass' field to 'util.MyHelperSuper'

HelperSuper Classes


Implementing a HelperSuper– Set MyHelperSuper inheritance for preexisting

TestScript

HelperSuper Classes

45


The Functional Tester Execution Framework

Functional Tester performs housekeeping tasks, before and after testMain(), is called Execution FrameworkAmong these tasks, two methods are called before and after testMain()

The sequence is:• onInitialize();• testMain();• onTerminate();

HelperSuper Classes



– Two methods, onInitialize() and onTerminate()are for your own initialization and termination tasks.

– You can override onInitialize() and onTerminate()in your HelperSuper class to handle, for example, application initialization and termination.

Another methods to override– onObjectNotFound();– onAmbiguousRecognition();– onTestObjectMethodException();

HelperSuper Classes

46



package util;import com.rational.test.ft.script.RationalTestScript;import com.rational.test.ft.object.interfaces.ProcessTestObject;

Public class MyHelperSuper extends RationalTestScript {ProcessTestObject pto = null;

public void onInitialize() {pto =startApp("ClassicsJavaA");

}public void onTerminate() {

if (pto.isAlive()) {pto.kill();

}}

}

HelperSuper Classes


Lab 3.1

HelperSuper Classes

47


Module 4

Dynamic Object Handling



Mapped Objects

− When you record a TestScript, methods are recorded, which also appear as entries in the Object Map.

− Each method from the Object Map returns a TestObjectreference that refers to an object in the target application

− These objects are termed 'Mapped objects'

− This is the typical way to access target objects

48


Object Map Internals.

– The Functional Tester Object Map is implemented in each TestScript's TestScriptHelper class.

– For every object in the Map, methods are automatically written into the TestScriptHelper class that return TestObject references when the methods are called from the TestScript class.

– Verification point methods are also written to the TestScriptHelper class, and are called from the TestScriptclass.

– Object Map data is persisted in datastore as XMLs.



Object Map InternalsExample methods from a TestScriptHelper class that return a reference to a TestObject which refers to an HTML link:

protected GuiTestObject Link_IslandAdventures() {return new GuiTestObject(

getMappedTestObject("Link_IslandAdventures"));}protected GuiTestObjectLink_IslandAdventures(TestObject anchor, long flags) {

return new GuiTestObject( getMappedTestObject("Link_IslandAdventures"),

anchor, flags);}


49


Object Map Internals

The Functional Tester Object Map is 2-tiered:

• All objects that are put in an Object Map are persisted in a Map XML file in the datastore.

• The subset of objects in a Map that are visible to a TestScriptappear in the Script Explorer View, and are persisted in a Script Definition XML in the datastore.

• If an object is deleted from the Script Explorer, it is deleted from the Script Definition and is not deleted from the Object Map.

• If an object is deleted from the Object Map in the Object Map tool, it is lost and must be re-entered into the Map if it is needed.




• The Map XML is stored in the datastore 'resources' directory.

• The XML file is named by the following convention:– yourScriptName.rftxmap

• Sample XML structure:– Objects appear in <MTO> tags ("Mapped Test Objects")

– Key Object characteristics each have their own tag (<Id>,<Name>,<Parent>,<TO>,<Dom>Java</Dom>,<Class>,<Role>,<Proxy>)

– Object properties are held in <Prop> tags


50



Object Map InternalsSample Object Map XML

<MTO L=".MTO"><Id>0.5vYm2Dr5yw0:1eHQrh:KNho7eA:8WW</Id><Name>ClassicsJava</Name><Parent/><TO>TopLevelTestObject</TO><Dom>Java</Dom><Class>ClassicsJava</Class><Role>Frame</Role><Proxy>.java.jfc.JFrameProxy</Proxy><Prop L=".MtoProp">

<Key>.captionText</Key><Val L=".caption">

<Caption></Caption></Val><Wt>75</Wt>

</Prop>…

</MTO>



• The Script Definition XML is persisted in the datastore'resources' directory.

• The XML file is named by the following convention:yourScriptName.rftdef.

• This XML contains the "Script Definition"– Script Definition includes the mapped objects that have

been 'added' to your TestScript

– Script Definition also contains other script data, such as Verification Point information.


51


Object Map InternalsSample Script Definition XML


<ScriptDefinition L=".ScriptDefinition"><ScriptName>MusicVendor</ScriptName><Language>java</Language><Map>MusicVendorTestObjectMap.rftmap</Map><Datapool/>…<HelperSuper>util.MyHelperSuper</HelperSuper><ScriptNameMap L=".ScriptDefinitionNameMap">

<TestObject L=".ScriptDefNameMapElement"><Name>cardNumberIncludeTheSpacesText</Name><ID>A.5vYm2Dr5yw0:1ZLw93:KNi6Bz7:8WW</ID><Role>Text</Role><Deleted>false</Deleted>

</TestObject>…</ScriptNameMap>

…</ScriptDefinition>


Unmapped Objects.

– Several Functional Tester methods return TestObjectreferences that are unmapped.

– These are called 'bound references', 'found references' or 'unmapped references'.

– You can use these references to dynamically access objects


52


Unmapped Objects– Some TestObject methods that return bound

references: – find();– getChildren();– getMappableChildren();– getparent();– getMappableParent();– getTopParent();– getTopMappableParent();– getOwnedObjects();– getOwner();



Comparing Mapped to Unmapped ObjectsEvery time you invoke an action on a mapped TestObject, Functional Tester must do a lookup in the map, and then create a new TestObject.

• For example, if you completely expand the ClassicsJavaAComposers tree while recording, you see in your script:

tree().click(atPath("Composers->Schubert->Location (PLUS_MINUS)"));

tree().click(atPath("Composers->Haydn->Location (PLUS_MINUS)")); tree().click(atPath("Composers->Bach->Location (PLUS_MINUS)"));tree().setState(Action.vScroll(128));tree().click(atPath("Composers->Beethoven->

Location(PLUS_MINUS)")); tree().setState(Action.vScroll(176));tree().click (atPath("Composers->Mozart->Location

(PLUS_MINUS)"));

This means that 7 tree() TestObjectS are created in the script process -- consuming the resources of 7 objects


53


Unmapped ObjectsCoding tasks:– Each Object Map method returns a TestObject– To execute GUI methods on a TestObject, you have to cast

to a GuiTestObject, or one of its subclasses.

– You can find which specific cast is required from the Object Map tool, under Administrative Properties, Test Object Class Name.



Comparing Mapped to Unmapped ObjectsYou could use the find() method to return a bound reference to the composers tree, and execute all the methods using the bound reference:

GuiSubitemTestObject oTree = (GuiSubitemTestObject) tree().find(); oTree.click(atPath("Composers->Schubert->

Location(PLUS_MlNUS)")); oTree.click(atPath("Composers->Haydn->Location(PLUS_MINUS)"));oTree.click(atPath("Composers->Bach->Location(PLUS_MINUS)")); oTree.setState(Action.vScroll(128));oTree.click(atPath("Composers->Beethoven->

Location(PLUS_MINUS)")); oTree.setState(Action.vScroll(176)); oTree.click(atPath("Composers->Mozart->

Location(PLUS_MINUS)"));oTree.unregister(); //Highly recommended to unregister bound refs!


54


Unregistering Unmapped Objects

–oTree.unregister();–unregisterAll();

Because bound references can "pin" an object in the target application (i.e., the object will not be collected by the garbage collector as long as Functional Tester's bound reference points to it), if bound references are left registered, system resources may not be released. Over a long run, this can consume large amounts of resources. Calling the appropriate unreqister() method releases the bound reference, and allows release of system resources.



Comparing Mapped to Unmapped Objects.

– Using the unmapped reference runs about 10% faster than using a mapped reference in the simple ClassicsJavaA tree() example (1 GHz processor).

– This time difference represents the map lookup time (each call to a mapped object requires a separate lookup) plus the time to create 7 TestObjectS vs. only one TestObject.

– Call the unreqister() method to release the bound reference. This ensures that the bound resources are released.


55


Nothing in the Object Map?

– getDomains() returns an array of DomainTestObjectS

– DomainTestObject has a getTopObjects() method that returns an array of TestObjectS



Coding Task:

DomainTestObject[] domains = getDomains(); ArrayList topWins = new ArrayList();for(int d = 0; d < domains.length; d++) {

TestObject[] tWins = domains[d].getTopObjects();for(int w = 0; w < tWins.length; w++) {

topWins.add( tWins[w] );}System. out.println ("domain: " + domains

[d].getName() + "; Num wins: " + tWins.length);

}


Domain: Java; Num wins: 1Domain: Html; Num wins: 0Domain: Process; Num wins: 0

56


Lab 4.1Lab 4.2



Module 5

Custom Verification Points

57



• RationalTestScript gives you access to a range of custom Verification Points

• Two RationalTestScript methods give you access to verification point methods:– vpManual();– vpDynamic();

• Each returns a reference to an IFtVerificationPointinterface.

• This interface has several methods for creating Verification Point behavior


Two vpManual() Signatures:

vpManual(Strinq vpName, Object data);– On first execution of performTest(), creates a VP in

Script Explorer and persists the second argument as the expected data.

– On subsequent executions of performTest(), compares the second argument with data persisted from first run

vpManual(Strinq vpName, Object expected, Object actual);– compares expected and actual arguments, and writes result

to log.

– this syntax does not create a VP in the Script Explorer


58


vpManual(name,baseline,actual).performTest();

String baseline = "Bill Wu"; /* code to select a

recording and login

as Bill Wu */String actual = (String) text().getProperty("text") ;

vpManual.("UserName", baseline, actual).performTest();



vpManual(name,baseline,actual).performTest();– The data you compare using vpManual() must be Objects.– Primitive data can be used with the wrappers:

double baseline = 19.99;String actual =

((String)totalAmount().getProperty("text")).substring(1);Double b = new Double(baseline);Double a = new Double(actual);

vpManual ("TotalAmount", b, a).performTest();


59


Valid Data Types

you can pass vpManual:– ITestData– String– Primitive Wrapper– Vector– Hashtable– Array[]– Array[][]



Using ITestData with vpManual().performTest();startApp("ClassicsJavaA");menubar().click(atPath("Admin"));

menubar().click(atPath("Admin->Customers..."));

OK().click();// capture the table

ITestDataTable iTblBase =

(ITestDataTable) table().getTestData("contents");// ...change the table and recapture:

ITestDataTable iTblAct =

(ITestDataTable) table().getTestData("contents");// compare the two table versions:

vpManual("table", iTblBase, iTblAct).performTest();


60


Using Hashtables with vpManual().performTest();

– To compare hashtables, the data needs to be of type ITestDataProperties

– The static method VpUtil.getTestData() accepts a hashtable argument and returns it as an object of type ITestDataProperties



Using Hashtables with vpManual().performTest();

// Implementing your own properties VP:// Frame: ClassicsCD

Hashtable props = tree().getProperties();

ITestDataProperties baseline = VpUtil.getTestData(props);

props = ...

ITestDataProperties actual =VpUtil.getTestData(props);

vpManual("TreeProperties", baseline, actual).performTest();


61


Using Collections with vpManual().performTest();

Hashtable baseline = new Hashtable(); baseline.put( "Russia", "Ruble"); baseline.put( "US", "Dollar"); baseline.put("France", "Euro");Hashtable actual = new Hashtable(); actual.put("France", "Euro"); actual.put ("Russia", "Ruble"); actual.put("US", "Dollar");vpManual("Currencies", VpUtil.getTestData(baseline),

VpUtil.getTestData(actual)).performTest();


Passes


Using Vectors with vpManual().performTest();– Vectors can be passed directly

Vector baseline = new Vector(); baseline.add("Visa");baseline.add("MasterCard"); baseline.add("Amex");Vector actual = new Vector(); actual.add("Visa");actual.add("Amex");actual.add("MasterCard");vpManual ("CreditCards", baseline, actual).perfomTest();


Fails

62


Using Collections with vpManual().performTest();

– Vectors can be converted to ITestDataList

ITestDataList actual =

(ITestDataList) somelistObject().getTestData("list");

Vector b =aMethodThatGetsDataAndPutsInVector();

ITestDataList baseline = Vputil.getTestData(b);

vpManual("CreditCards", baseline, actual).performTest();


Fails


Persisting Data withvpManual(Name, data).performTest();

String baseline = “Trent Culpito";vpManual("UserName", baseline).performTest();/* code to select a recording and log in as

Trent Culpito */String actual = (String)text().getProperty("text");

vpManual("UserName", actual).performTest();


63


Persisting Data withvpManual(Name, data).performTest();

Hashtable props = tree().getProperties();

ITestDataProperties baseline = VpUtil.getTestData(props);

vpManual("TreeProperties", baseline).performTest();



Selected IFtVerificationPoint methods:

– performTest();– getActualData()– getExpectedData();– compare();– compareAndLog();– getVPName();


64


Calling vpManual() and performTest() separately

String baseline = “Trent Culpito";

String actual =text().getProperty("text").toString();

/* Catch the reference returned by vpManual - 3 argument version */

IFtVerificationPoint vp =vpManual("UserName", baseline, actual);

// Compare and log result:

vp.performTest();



Calling vpManual() and performTest() separately

ITestDataTree baseline =

(ITestDataTree)tree().getTestData("selected");

/* Catch the reference returned by vpManual - 2 argument version */

IFtVerificationPoint vp =

vpManual("SelectedItem", baseline);// Persist the baseline data in datastore

vp.performTest();


65


getExpectedData() & getActualData()

String exp = “Trent Culpito";// set exp as expected value:

IFtVerificationPoint vp = vpManual("User", exp);

// Persist data:

vp.performTest();String actual = "Emma Trenchenza";

// Supply the actual value

vp = vpManual("User", actual); // return expected and actual data:

exp = (String) vp.getExpectedData();

actual = (String) vp.getActualData();

// Compare and log results: vp.performTest();



compare()

compare() returns a boolean evaluation of the 'expected' and 'actual' arguments:

String exp = "Trent Culpito";IFtVerificationPoint vp = vpManual("User", exp);

actual = "Gail Wu";

vp = vpManual("User", actual);

boolean b = vp.compare();


Returns false

66


compareAndLog()

compareAndLog() compares actual with expected and writes a pass/fail to the log (equivalent to performTest())

actual = "Gail Wu";IFtVerificationPoint vp = vpManual("User" ,actual);

boolean b = vp.compareAndLog();


returns false


compareAndLog(boolean compareTrue)

– If compareTrue is set ta false, expected and actual data must be different in order to get a passing result

String act = "Wendy Wu"; // actual valueIFtVerificationPoint vp = vpManual("User", act);

boolean b = vp.compareAndLog(false);


Logs a pass

67


vpDynamic()

Two signatures:• vpDynamic("vpDyn1").performTest();• vpDynamic("vpDynl", mappedTestObject).

performTest();– first signature:

• On first playback, brings up VP wizard and creates aVerification Point in the Script Explorer on any mapped TestObject

– second signature:

• On first playback, brings up VP wizard and create aVerification Point in the Script Explorer on the passed TestObject



Log methods in RationalTestScript

– logInfo(String info)– logError(String error)– logWarning(String warning)– logTestResult(String headline, boolean passed,

String additionalInfo)


68


logTestResult()

signature: logTestResult(String headline, boolean passed,

String additionalInfo);

example:logTestResult("vp1", (exp.equals(act)),

"addn1 info") ;



Lab 5.1


69


Module 6

Handling non-Java / Browser Windows


Non-Java/Browser Windows

• While recording, Functional Tester only recognizes actions performed against Java and browser windows

• There may be cases where you need to perform actions against other types of windows

• Functional Tester API has 2 interfaces you can use to perfom actions against any window:

– IScreen– IWindow

70


IScreen and IWindow

– Limited set of methods– The IScreen API has no methods that retrieve data– You cannot cast from IScreen to TestObject



IScreen

– An interface designed to perform actions against the currently active window.

– Since IScreen is an interface, there is no constructor. – You get an IScreen by calling getScreen()

• a method in RationalTestScript


71


Methods that perform GUI actions

– .click(), click(Point), click(Modifiers), doubleClick(), drag(), mouseMove(), nClick()

– inputChars(String)– inputKeys(String)– inputKeys and inputChars send characters to the

current active window wherever the cursor is focused – If you need to send characters to a particular object

within a window, you might have to add navigational actions



IScreen

Bad NewsThere are no methods in IScreen that retrieve interesting information (properties, data) from a window

– isEnabled(), isShowing(), hasFocus()– getMousePosition(), getChildAtPoint()

Good NewsThere are methods in IWindow that allow you get limited information about a window


72


IWindow

– IScreen has methods that return an IWindow• getActiveWindow();• windowFromHandle( long );• windowFromPoint( java.awt.Point );

IScreen scrn = getScreen();IWindow win = scrn.getActiveWindow();Point p = scrn.getMousePosition(); win = scrn.windowFromPoint(p);



IWindow

More Good News– RationalTestScript has a method that returns an

array of all the top level windows on the screen:• getTopWindows();

IWindow[] allWins = getTopWindows();


73


IWindowGetting Information from a Window – IWindow has methods that query windows:

• getText() - returns the window caption . • getWindowClassName()

• getHandle() - return the native window handle (hWnd on Windows).

• getId() - returns the Windows control ID. • getPid() - returns the process ID for the window



IWindowGUI actions– If the IWindow is a TopLevelWindow, you can call these

methods:• close()• activate()• maximize()• minimize()• contextHelp() - activates the window's context-

sensitive Help mode.


74


IWindowRelated Window Objects– IWindow has methods that return IWindow references

to objects related to the same window:– IWindow[] getChildren();– IWindow getparent();– IWindow getTopParent();– IWindow getOwned();– IWindow getOwner();



IWindow

What if you need to get data from an object?

– There are no methods in IWindow that do this

– If you can copy the data to the clipboard, you can use Java to access the clipboard


75


Accessing the ClipboardRetrieve the Contents of the System Clipboard

import java.awt.datatransfer.*; import java.awt.Toolkit;…Clipboard clipboard =

Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getSystemClipboard();Transferable t = clipboard.getContents(null);String data = null;try {

data = t.getTransferData(DataFlavor. stringFlavor).toString();

} catch (UnsupportedFlavorException ufe) {

} catch( IOException ioe ) { }



Accessing the ClipboardSend Text to the System Clipboard

import java.awt.datatransfer.*; import java.awt.Toolkit;…Clipboard clipboard = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit()

.getSystemClipboard();String data = "How now brown cow";StringSelection ss = new StringSelection( data );

clipboard.setContents( ss, ss );


76


Lab 6.1


Documents

Advanced IBM Rational Functional Tester, Java Scripting