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COSMETOLOGY

PROFESSIONAL COURSE

Module 26

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26. Module 26: Different Skin Types

Table of Contents

26. Module 26: Different Skin Types ........................................................................................................... 1

26.1 Practical Skincare Regimes for Different Skin Types .......................................................................... 2

26.2 Dry Skin .............................................................................................................................................. 3

26.3 Oily Skin ............................................................................................................................................. 6

26.4 Skin with Acne .................................................................................................................................... 9

26.5 Normal Skin ...................................................................................................................................... 10

26.6 Combination Skin .............................................................................................................................. 11

26.7 Sensitive Skin ................................................................................................................................... 13

26.8 Mature Skin ...................................................................................................................................... 16

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26.1 Practical Skincare Regimes for Different Skin Types

Every skin type is different and therefore has different needs. There are a number of things that you need to

know when caring about your skin. What applies to one skin type does not necessarily apply to others. In this

module you will learn how to care for different skin types from the things to avoid, the daily cleansing routine

and to the make-up choices a person with this skin type should be making. This course consists of the following

items:

Dry Skin

Oily Skin

Skin with Acne

Normal Skin

Combination Skin

Sensitive Skin

Mature Skin

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26.2 Dry Skin

Having dry skin can both be uncomfortable and unattractive. Typically, dry skin will show up as red rough

itchy patches and all the areas of the body can be affected. If you do not treat or look after your dry skin, it

will worsen, possibly leading to fissures and cracks.

Sometimes dry skin is genetic, but it also comes with ageing, nutrient deficiencies, being exposed to harsh

weather conditions, and medical conditions such as thyroid disease. However, the way you go about your

daily beauty regime can also make your dry skin worse such as using harsh soaps to wash, harsh sanitizing

and cleansing products, and scrubbing of the skin.

Taking Care of Your Dry Skin when Washing

It is essential to look after dry skin because excessively dry skin often leads to dermatitis.

The biggest thing to keep in mind when caring for your dry skin is a product’s ingredients. You will need to

learn about which chemicals and properties contain drying ingredients and avoid these. The best kinds of

creams and cleansers for dry skin are those that are milky based, adding more moisture into the skin.

Despite what you may have read in your beauty magazines, it is necessary to exfoliate when you have dry

skin. Dry skin often looks dull in appearance due to the slowing down of the cell renewal process or the dead

skin sticking to the skin’s surface. Here are a few more tips to follow to help you care for your dry skin:

Avoid having long hot showers as hot water strips the skin of all its essential natural oils. Hot

steaming showers or baths cause the skin to dry out, so limit it to a 5-10 minute warm bath or

shower each day.

Use gentle body wash, shower gels, or cleansers that contain moisturiser. Always look out for

mild soap cleansers that are unscented, and if possible, soap-free.

Moisturise your skin when it is moist. After showering, pat your skin dry leaving it a little damp.

After this, immediately apply your moisturiser to help lock it into your skin.

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What to Look for in a Moisturiser for Dry Skin

You do not have to go out and spend a fortune on a moisturiser for it to work. But what you do need to do is

to read its label well and understand which ingredients it contains. Moisturising ingredients that will benefit

your dry skin include:

Ceramides assist in helping your skin to retain water. Additionally, they help soothe dry skin

which can often become flaky and itchy.

Glycerin and dimethicone help draw water to your skin and keep it there.

Hyaluronic acid helps your skin retain water.

Mineral oil, petroleum jelly, and lanolin assist in retaining water in your skin that was absorbed

during bathing.

Beauty Regime for Dry Skin

1. Exfoliate your skin using a gentle scrub. Massage your scrub into your skin using circular

motions. Concentrate on the T-zone more to clean the debris buildup. It is possible that some

scrubs can dry out your skin even more, so make sure you rinse your face well.

2. Cleanse your skin using a milk-based cleanser. Instead of wiping it away using a tissue, use cotton

wool as it is less absorbent. Make sure you use a mild cleanser and rinse using lukewarm water.

Gel-based cleansers have the tendency to leave your skin dry. If you want to make a homemade

cleanser, mix raw milk with a small amount of flour and cleanse.

3. Hydrating masks are perfect for dry skin. Look for face masks containing humectants or

emollient as these are strong hydrating properties. Making a homemade hydrating mask using

half an avocado and one quarter cup of honey left on the face for 5-10 minutes works well. Both

avocados and honey are rich when it comes to moisturising properties.

4. Moisturiseyour skin frequently using a heavy moisturiser. After showering, pat your skin dry and

apply your cream immediately.

5. Massage your skin gently using warm facial oil one to two times a week to keep your skin nice

and soft. A great natural oil to use on your face is avocado oil. Because it contains sterolins, the

skin is left feeling soft and nourished. If you suffer from itchy skin due to its dryness, try including

a few drops of olive oil in your lukewarm bath water.

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6. Sun cream needs to be applied to your skin on a daily basis. It does not matter whether there is

sun or not, there are always UV rays. Look for sun creams that have moisturising properties such

as coconut butter or Aloe Vera.

7. Anti-ageing products are a must for all women with dry skin. Women with drier skin tend to age

quicker. At night moisturise your face with a cream that contains vitamin E. Vitamin E replenishes

and hydrates the skin at the same time.

Choosing the Right Make-up for Dry Skin

Because your skin is dry already avoid all matte make-up. Instead opt for products that are creamy and rich in

oils.

After finishing your daily skincare cleaning routine, apply your moisturiser and leave it to absorb for a couple

of minutes. Applying foundation directly onto dry skin will cause your make-up to flake off. Moisturiser will

help you in applying your base make-up and getting an even blend. Look for moisturisers with SPF properties

so you do not have to apply two creams.

Like with your foundation, you need to choose creamy eye shadows to apply to your eyes.

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26.3 Oily Skin

Oily skin is caused when your skin secretes too much sebum oil. People with oily skin often can be more

prone to pimples, dark skin spots, and blackheads due to the skin’s pores becoming clogged with debris.

There are two types of ways to describe oily skin:

Somewhat oily

Very oily

Somewhat Oily Skin Type

When your skin is somewhat oily it feels and appears normal without having to wear a moisturiser, especially

in the summer months. It will occasionally suffer from acne breakouts and it is not uncommon for your skin

to flake due to varying hydration issues.

Very Oily Skin Type

Very oily skin never dries. It is oily all year round and it may feel like you would never have to wear a

moisturiser. Very oily skin typically appears very shiny with enlargened pores. Very oily skin is prone to acne

breakouts.

Solutions for Oily Skin

1. Drink a lot of water. When you have oily skin, you need to consume at least 10 glasses of

water a day to help flush out all of the toxins.

2. Make a natural juice cleanser consisting of 4 tomatoes, 4 peppercorns, and a teaspoon of

honey. Drink this first thing before eating and the antioxidants of your natural juice will

cleanse your body.

3. Detoxify your body and help keep your acne at bay by doing the boiled food diet for a week

at a time every month. This will help detoxify your skin and help it bring its pH balance back

to normal.

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Keep your Oily Skin Clean

It may be tempting to buy the most potent beauty products promising oil-free skin to wash away the oil, but

this is not going to help.

The key to looking after your oily skin is to try and reduce its oil production which can be done by making

sure your pores remain clean to avoid oxidation. The best kind of cleanser that works for oily skin is a light

foamy one, which has the power to break through all of your skin’s oil and grime without causing any irritation.

Here are a few other tips to bear in mind regarding your oily skin:

Do not over scrub your skin as this will just inflame your skin and stimulate oil production.

Do not use harsh abrasive cleansers as these will also irritate and inflame.

Only wash your face well twice daily in the morning and before sleeping. Avoid washing it more

than twice otherwise you will end up stripping your skin of all its essential natural oils.

Use your toner sparingly. Only ever use your toner in the oilier areas such as your T-zone. If you

apply toner onto the areas that are not oily, it will result in dry patches.

If you experience an excessive oil buildup between the times that you wash, it is advisable to use

either blotting paper or medicinal cleansing pads to remove all the excess oil.

There is a misconception that oily skin does not need to be moisturized; this is not true. You do,

however, have to be careful when choosing the right moisturiser for your oily skin. Opt for

moisturisers which are either oil-free moisturisers or water based ones.

When choosing a cleanser for your oily skin, look for cleansers and products with the following

ingredients: salicylic acid, benzoyl peroxide, glycolic acid, and/or beta-hydroxy acid.

Exfoliate only once a week. This will help to free and remove debris such as dirt, oil, and dead

skin from your pores. Exfoliating more than this will increase oil production and possibly cause

red blotches.

If your pores are clogged more than usual and you notice the first signs of acne reemerging, try

steaming your face to open your pores.

When you have very oily skin, it is necessary to give your face a deep cleanse with a face mask.

When choosing your mask for oily skin, opt for a mud or clay-based mask. Such masks will open

your pores up while cleansing and tightening your skin.

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Choosing the Right Make-up for Oily Skin

1. After following your daily cleansing and moisturising routine apply a matte face primer.

This will help apply your foundation evenly without sliding off.

2. Instead of rubbing in your foundation with your fingers, dab it with a sponge to make sure

you completely cover and blend your make-up.

3. If there are any inflamed pimples visible, dab a little bit of green concealer onto a brush

and apply gently. The green tinge will take away any redness in the skin. If there are no

red spots, use a normal coloured concealer one shade lighter than your foundation.

4. After applying your foundation and concealer, dust the face and neck area with an oil-

control compact. This will help keep your make-up in place and allow it to last longer.

5. Apply the rest of your make-up which should be oil-free.

6. If you wear a lot of make-up, it is a good idea to invest in a decent deep pore cleanser to

ensure that every trace of make-up is removed afterwards.

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26.4 Skin with Acne

It does not matter when you started suffering from acne; it could have begun in your teens or it could have

been later on in your adult years. Either way, when you suffer from serious acne problems it can get annoying

and embarrassing. Many people who suffer from severe cases of acne are said to suffer from depression due

to their condition.

Caring for your acne affected skin is similar to caring for oily skin, however, more care needs to be taken so

there is no disturbance of the acne. When disturbed or broken, foreign matter can enter causing your skin to

become infected.

Cleanse and moisturise twice daily.

When cleansing your skin use a clean cloth that is wet with warm water.

Avoid using harsh soap products to cleanse the skin as this inflames the skin and causes it to

become even more irritated.

After cleansing your skin, use a toner to remove the finer traces of dirt, oil, and make up that were

missed.

Avoid excessive scrubbing of the skin.

When drying your skin, always use a dry clean towel to avoid bacteria and debris re-entering the

pores.

When using a moisturiser, look at the labels carefully. Many specialised acne beauty products

contain a variety of ingredients that dry out the skin, so you need to look for hydrating ingredients.

When using over-the-counter topical products for your acne, check whether it contains salicylic

acid. Salicylic acid not only exfoliates the skin, but it also helps to reduce and get rid of bacteria.

This ingredient is essential if you are looking to minimise the risks of infection and inflammation.

When you are suffering from acne flare-ups, avoid wearing heavy makeup that clogs the skin’s

pores such as foundation, blusher, or powder. If you need to wear makeup, opt for oil-free

cosmetics and make sure you go through the list of ingredients on its label before buying.

What products you put in your hair can also affect and aggravate your skin. Avoid using oils,

chemicals, and fragrances on your hair when you are suffering from a breakout. It is highly

possible that these ingredients could drip onto places where there is acne.

Use mild shampoos and conditioners on your hair to avoid further irritation.

If you are prone to oily hair as well as oily skin with acne, you need to take extra precaution. Oily

hair will only add more oil to your face, so it is necessary to wash it more and keep your hair

pulled back away from your face.

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26.5 Normal Skin

Normal skin types can suffer from minor breakouts due to hormone imbalances or stress. People with normal

skin types usually start to show signs of aging sooner than other skin types. Drink a lot of pure filtered water,

exercise, eat the right food and always use sun cream to prevent any signs of premature ageing.

It is important to wash your face twice daily. Use a good cleanser and make sure you remove any

traces of make-up before sleeping. Leaving make-up on your face will block your pores causing

an acne breakout.

When you have normal skin, cleanse, tone, and nourish your skin on a regular basis.

Always use light make-up to allow your skin to breathe.

Moisturise your skin day and night to prevent your skin from drying out and to avoid premature

ageing.

Exfoliate your normal skin to remove all the dead skin cells; this helps promote new healthy skin

cells to grow.

Wear at least an SPF 15 sun cream every day in conjunction with your regular moisutriser.

Things to avoid if you have Normal Skin

Do not tan your body or allow yourself to be over exposed to the sun. Sun exposure causes

premature ageing and encourages the free radicals in the body which destroys the skin’s cells.

Avoid smoking and excessive drinking. Such actions destroy the body’s immune system and

create a buildup of toxins in the body.

Avoid washing your face with harsh soaps and opt for mild cleanser instead. Hasher products will

strip your skin of its natural oils resulting in dry skin.

Do not change products once you discover they are good for your skin type. Experimenting with

different products will wreck havoc with your skin and there is always a risk that you might react

negatively to them.

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26.6 Combination Skin

If you have combination skin, it needs more attention due to its blend of dry and oily patches. When you have

a combination of oily and dry skin on your face, you will have to take a dual approach to your skincare regime;

this means that you will have to deal with each area of the skin individually.

Dos and Don’ts When you Have Combination Skin

1. Use moisturisers that are oil-free.

2. If you use acne treatment products, only apply them to the acne-prone areas (T-zone).

3. Wear sun cream with at least an SPF 26.

4. Do not use two different moisturisers or cleansers on your face. Opt for mild products that

suit all skin types.

5. When you have combination skin, avoid using any kind of bar cleanser or soap. Such

products tend to dry out the skin. The best kind of cleanser that works well with

combination skin is a mild gel-based cleanser.

6. If you opt to use a toner, use one that has glycerin as it is less likely to strip your skin.

7. It is necessary to exfoliate combination skin. Do not opt for a deep skin exfoliator, instead

find one a beta hydroxyl acid product as this will only gently exfoliate the surface of your

skin.

8. Avoid eye creams. Instead if you want to keep the area around your eyes looking smooth

and wrinkle free, use evening primrose.

9. Avoid using any kind of leave-in conditioner. These clog the forehead’s pores and as a

result the area becomes even oilier.

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Caring for your Combination Skin

1. Remove traces of make-up using an oil-based product. This area of the face is very

delicate and susceptible to dryness. Cleanse using a mild gel-based product. The foam of

the gel helps cut through the excess oil in the greasier areas, but at the same time it will

not dehydrate other areas such as your cheeks.

2. Hydrate skin by steaming.

3. Exfoliate using a gentle exfoliator. Women with a combination skin type often get small

spots around their nose area due to flakier areas falling and sticking to the oilier areas.

4. Use pore strips to help loosen blackheads. Pore strips allow you to focus on the problem

areas only, which make them perfect for combination skin types. To get the best results

from your pore strips, use for 3 days consecutively, and then reduce its use to only once a

week.

5. Moisturise during the day with a mattifying product. This will absorb all the excess sebum

around your T-zone, but it will not dry out the rest of your face. Apply your cream

generously, especially around the drier areas and blot off all of the excess cream around

the oilier areas with blotting paper.

Make-up for Combination Skin

When looking for make-up for combination skin, it is always a good idea to read the ingredients of the make-

up and test it on your inner wrist to see whether the make-up is suitable for your skin type and needs.

Look for a light non-greasy water-based foundation which will spread easily and still allow your

skin to breathe.

Look for products that have alpha hydroxyl acids (AHA). These acids are 100% natural and

come from milk, sugar cane, and fruit, all of which have excellent anti-inflammatory properties.

When these are applied directly onto the skin, they help exfoliate the skin and get rid of dead

skin cells giving you a more youthful appearance.

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26.7 Sensitive Skin

Because sensitive skin is usually irritated easily by products, you need to look out for products that will help

soothe your skin. Those with sensitive skin types are more prone to skin allergies and redness and it is not

uncommon for fine broken veins to appear in the nose and cheeks areas. There are different degrees in skin

sensitivity with some people having such sensitive skin they cannot use any store-bought cleansing products.

In such a case cleanse your face using whole milk and afterwards using a solution of glycerin and rosewater

tomoisturise your skin gently.

The Dos and Don’ts if you have Sensitive Skin

1. Refrain from using normal soaps as these can dry out sensitive skin. Look for soaps that

have moisturising properties or opt to cleanse your face using mild baby soap.

2. Always wear gloves to protect your hands’ skin when washing or cleaning to avoid your

exposure to chemicals that might irritate your skin.

3. Do not have long steaming hot baths or showers. Keep them shorter using lukewarm water

to avoid stripping your skin from its natural oils.

4. Immediately after you have finished bathing, moisturise to help lock the moisture in.

5. Always test your make-up and perfume before buying it. Dab a little bit on the inside of

your wrist where it is also sensitive to see if your skin is affected.

6. Avoid all alcohol-based products.

7. Avoid using skin fresheners as they usually contain some ingredients that will make

sensitive skin more vulnerable to the elements.

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Caring for your Sensitive Skin

If you use many different products in your daily skincare regime, you need to eliminate the unnecessary ones.

The average woman over the age of 25 uses approximately 5-6 different skincare products daily, exposing the

skin to well over 100 different chemicals a day. If you have sensitive skin, the chances are your skin is affected

by some of these chemicals. When you have sensitive skin, all you need is a good skin cleanser, an SPF

moisturizer, and eye cream.

There are a number of ingredients that are very likely to cause sensitivity to those with sensitive skin. Such

ingredients usually include colours and preservatives (especially formaldehyde) and fragrances. Natural

ingredients with calming and soothing properties to look out for are chamomile, milk, cornflower, and

liquorices.

1. Facial wipes are a good way for those with sensitive skin to cleanse their face without

having too much contact to many chemicals. If you do not use wipes, make sure you use

a light cleanser with minimal ingredients.

2. Drying your face also needs special care when you have sensitive skin. Always pat your

face dry with a soft clean towel. Any rubbing of the skin might cause sensitive skin to

react.

3. Moisturize twice daily focusing on the areas that are drier. Use light unscented

moisturizers with natural ingredients. If your skin reacts badly with your moisturizer, try

mixing it with a little bit of over-the-counter hydrocortisone cream.

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Make-up for Sensitive Skin Types

1. If possible, avoid all liquid cosmetics and opt for powder-based cosmetics. Powder-based

cosmetics are easier to remove and they have fewer ingredients that are likely to irritate sensitive

skin.

2. While it is important to always check expiry dates of your products, it is more imperative when

you have sensitive skin. When products become too old, their chemicals become more

concentrated and may react negatively with your skin.

3. When choosing your eye shadows, opt for earth tones. Earth toned eye shadows do not have high

pigmentation concentration like darker eye shadows do.

4. When possible, choose herbal and organic cosmetics over chemical products.

5. If you use anti-ageing products on your sensitive skin, look for products that contain Green tea,

Aloe Vera, Rose, or Lavender as these are all considered to be soothing ingredients.

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26.8 Mature Skin

Caring for your Mature Skin

1. Cleanse your face with a cleanser that either contains alpha or beta hydroxy acids. These acids help replace

the skin’s cells that have been lost during the ageing process leaving the skin looking dull.

2. Moisturise your skin. The more hydrated your skin is the less visible fine lines and wrinkles are. Some of

the first areas to show visible signs of ageing are the neck and chest areas, so it is important to moisturise past

your chin. Look for moisturisers containing Vitamin A, Vitamin C, kinetin, coenzyme Q10, and copper, all of

which have natural anti-ageing properties that kill the free radicals making your skin appear and feel firmer.

Let your moisturiser absorb into your facial skin and neck area for approximately 5 minutes.

3. Serums work well on older skin. If you use a serum, use it once a week in place of your regular moisturiser

to give it all the nutrients your skin needs. Vitamin-based serums work best for mature skin. When applying

your serum, apply it using upward movements from the neck up.

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Make-up for Mature Skin

1. Apply a primer to your face to build a protective layer between your skin and the make-up.

Primers are necessary to use before applying foundation when you have mature skin. It helps

smooth out the skin, which allows for an even application of your regular make-up. A light

diffusing primer applied to the skin with a damp wedge sponge works best on older skin types.

2. Opt for a cream-based or mousse foundation. These foundations are better for older skin as

this skin type tends to be drier. Foundations that have yellow undertones work best for mature

skin types as they will give you the most natural coverage where a pink-based foundation will

likely appear artificial.

3. If you want to apply eye-shadows, apply some more primer onto your eyelids to avoid the eye

shadow getting stuck in wrinkles.

4. It is recommended for those with mature skin types to apply a lip primer before applying any

colour to their lips. If you do purchase one, look for a lip primer with Vitamin E properties.