Advanced Expert Glossary - pearsoneducation.nl · Pearson Longman Benelux Photocopiable Advanced Expert Glossary English headword Part of Speech Pronunciation Example sentences Module

Pearson Longman Benelux Photocopiable

Advanced ExpertGlossary

English headword Part of Speech Pronunciation Example sentencesModule 1collocation n L?âflä]DâÉfp]åL ‘Commit a crime’ is a typical collocation in English.register n LDêÉÇwfëí]L Business letters should be written in a formal register.reference n LDêÉÑ]ê]åëL We will need a reference from your former employers.aspect n LDôëéÉâíL Dealing with people is the most important aspect of my work.priority n Léê~fDflê]íáL The club’s priority is to win the League.

Module 1Abroaden v LDÄêlWÇåL The course helps school-leavers broaden their knowledge of the world of work.setback n LDëÉíÄôâL The team’s hopes of playing in Europe suffered a setback last night.on record prep phr Lflå=DêÉâlWÇL This month has been the wettest on record.compensate v LDâflãé]åëÉfíL Her intelligence compensates for her lack of experience.miss out on phr v L?ãfë=D~ríÅflåL Make sure you don’t miss out on the fun!award v L]DïlWÇL £45,000 was awarded to a typist who injured her hand by working long hours.finance v LDÑ~fåôåëI=ÑfDåôåëL The concerts are financed by the Arts Council.passion n LDéôp]åL Gardening was her great passion.hardship n LDÜ^WÇpféL Many students are suffering severe financial hardship.resilient adj LêfDòfäá]åíL Amy will soon be out of hospital – children of her age are very resilient.chance encounter n phr L?íp^Wåë=fåDâ~råí]L A chance encounter with a journalist changed her life.potentially adv Lé]DíÉåp]äáL Sculpture workshops are potentially dangerous work sites.outlook n LD~ríärâL He’s got a good outlook on life.confirm v Lâ]åDÑ‰WãL New evidence has confirmed the first witness’s story.sacrifice n LDëôâêfÑ~fëL She brought three children up single-handedly, often at great personal sacrifice.pursue v Lé]DëàìWL She plans to pursue a career in politics.exploration n L?Éâëéä]DêÉfp]åL They used the hut as a base for explorations into the mountains.backpacking n LDÄôâ?éôâfÏL Backpacking is popular among students and young people.ideal adj L~fDÇf]äL In an ideal world there would be no need for a police force.gap year n phr LDÖôé=àf]L Some students choose to work in high-tech industries during their gap year.on a budget phr Lflå=]=DÄ¾Çw]íL Travellers on a budget might prefer to camp.sheltered adj LDpÉäí]ÇL I had led a sheltered life and had never experienced such cruelty before.upbringing n LD¾é?ÄêfÏfÏL Mike had had a strict upbringing.make up for phr v LãÉfâ=D¾é=Ñ]L I don’t eat breakfast but I make up for it at lunch.grant n LÖê^WåíL The university gets a government grant.put forward v phr Lérí=DÑlWï]ÇL They put forward a number of suggestions.retrace v LêfDíêÉfëI=êáW-L We shall be retracing the route taken by Marco Polo.turn out phr v L?í‰Wå=D~ríL It was a difficult time, but eventually things turned out all right.dare v LÇÉ]L He wanted to ask her, but he didn’t dare.adaptable adj L]DÇôéí]Ä]äL Children are often more adaptable than adults.supervisor n LDëìWé]î~fò]I=DëàìW-L She has worked her way up the company and is now supervisor of fifty staff members.undertake v L?¾åÇ]DíÉfâL Dr Johnson undertook the task of writing a comprehensive English dictionary.privileged adj LDéêfî]äfÇwÇL Kylie feels fortunate to be in such a privileged position because of her successful TV career.tribal adj LDíê~fÄ]äL They performed a tribal dance.gather v LDÖôa]L The researcher’s job is to gather information about people.complex adj LDâflãéäÉâëL Photosynthesis is a highly complex process.generation n L?ÇwÉå]DêÉfp]åL The need to preserve the planet for future generations.cut short v phr L?â¾í=DplWíL His career was tragically cut short when, at the age of forty-two, he died of a heart attack.contract v Lâ]åDíêôâíL Two-thirds of the adult population there has contracted AIDS.malaria n Lã]DäÉ]êá]L Researchers hope to find a biological factor that protects some children against malaria.whet sb’s appetite v phr L?ïÉí=ë¾ãÄ]Çáò=Dôé]í~fíL The view from the bridge whetted my appetite for a trip on the lake.put sth to the test v phr L?érí=ë¾ãqfÏ=í]=a]=DíÉëíL We put fifteen rain jackets to the test and found that the Rainex was the most effective.on the edge of sth phr Lflå=aá=DÉÇw=]î=?ë¾ãqfÏL Their economy is on the edge of collapse.

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tease v LíáWòL Don’t get upset. I was only teasing.in the midst of phr Lfå=a]=DãfÇëí=]îL The government is in the midst of a major crisis.deprivation n L?ÇÉéêfDîÉfp]åL Sleep deprivation can result in mental disorders.bounce back phr v L?Ä~råë=DÄôâL The company’s had a lot of problems in the past, but it’s always managed to bounce back.stem from phr v LDëíÉã=Ñê]ãL His headaches stemmed from problems with his eyesight.onlooker n LDflå?ärâ]L A crowd of onlookers had gathered at the scene of the accident.motive n LDã]rífîL What do you suppose the killer’s motive was?catch up with phr v L?âôíp=D¾é=ïfaL At the moment our technology is more advanced, but other countries are catching up with us.as a matter of course phr L]ò=]=?ãôí]ê=]î=DâlWëL We will contact your former employer as a matter of course.take lightly v phr L?íÉfâ=Dä~fíäáL Divorce is not a matter you can afford to take lightly.live off phr v LDäfî=flÑL Mum used to live off the interest from her savings.pluck up the courage v phr L?éä¾â=¾é=a]=Dâ¾êfÇwL He finally plucked up the courage to ask her out.take the plunge v phr L?íÉfâ=a]=Déä¾åÇwL We took the plunge and set up our own business.embark on phr v LfãDÄ^Wâ=flåL He embarked on a new career as a teacher.mischief n LDãfëípfÑL If you can’t see Nick, you can be sure he’s up to some mischief.turn (sb/sth) down phr v L?í‰Wå=DÇ~råL They offered her the job but she turned it down.flat adv LÑäôíL He turned my request down flat.set your heart on sth v phr L?ëÉí=àlW=DÜ^Wí=flå=?ë¾ãqfÏL His father bought him the bike he had set his heart on.on a whim phr Lflå=]=DïfãL I decided on a whim to go to Hawaii.rigours n pl LDêfÖ]òL The stresses and rigours of modern life.analogous adj L]Dåôä]Ö]ëL The report’s findings are analogous with our own.intellectual adj L?fåí]DäÉâípì]äL Her job requires considerable intellectual effort.invaluable adj LfåDîôäàì]Ä]äI=-à]Ä]äL Your advice has been invaluable to us.means to an end n phr L?ãáWåò=ír=]å=DÉåÇL For Geoff, the job was simply a means to an end.discipline n LDÇfë]éäfåL History and economics only became separate academic disciplines in the 20th century.converge v Lâ]åDî‰WÇwL The two rivers converge into one near Pittsburgh.subsidise v LDë¾ÄëfÇ~fòL Farming is heavily subsidised by the government.reject v LêfDÇwÉâíL It’s obvious why his application was rejected.force v LÑlWëL I had to force myself to get up this morning.remote adj LêfDã]ríL The helicopter crashed in a remote desert area.prejudge v L?éêáWDÇw¾ÇwL Don’t prejudge the woman before you’ve heard her story.dead-end (job) n phr L?ÇÉÇ=ÉåÇ=DÇwflÄL Mother warned me I’d get stuck in a dead end job if I didn’t go to college.potter n LDéflí]L His wife and twenty-eight year-old daughter are both potters.distinguish v LÇfDëífÏÖïfpL His lawyer argued that Cope could not distinguish between right and wrong.objective n L]ÄDÇwÉâífîL The degree course has two main objectives.deadline n LDÇÉÇä~fåL The deadline for applications is May 27th.assignment n L]Dë~fåã]åíL She stayed up late to complete a history assignment.standard n LDëíôåÇ]ÇL Students have to reach a certain standard or they won’t pass.get hold of phr v LÖÉí=DÜ]räÇ=]îL She managed to get hold of a copy of the script.safety margin n phr LDëÉfÑíá=?ã^WÇwfåL We’d better leave ourselves a safety margin of at least ten minutes if we want to be there on time.identify v L~fDÇÉåífÑ~fL Scientists have identified the gene that causes abnormal growth.come up with phr v Lâ¾ã=D¾é=ïfaL Is that the best excuse you can come up with?pick sth up phr v L?éfâ=ë¾ãqfÏ=D¾éL I picked up a few words of Greek when I was there on holiday last year.trade n LíêÉfÇL Brian insisted that his sons learn a trade.charity n LDípôê]íáL Several charities sent aid to the flood victims.cheeky adj LDípáWâáL I don’t like teaching that class – the kids are all so cheeky.chop n LípfléL Faith has asked for two high quality lamb chops and steak.authoritarian adj LlW?qflêfDíÉ]êá]åL Critics claim his management has become too authoritarian.recruit n LêfDâêìWíL New recruits are sent to the Atlanta office for training.drop out phr v L?Çêflé=D~ríL The group gets smaller as members move away or drop out.function n LDÑ¾Ïâp]åL In your new job you will perform a variety of functions.be due to v phr LÄf=DÇàìW=í]L The foreign visitors are due to arrive tomorrow morning.be bound to v phr LÄf=DÄ~råÇ=í]L Let’s not bother waiting for John. He’s bound to be late.be on the point/verge of v phr LÄf=flå=a]=Délfåí=]îI=Dî‰WÇwL Jane was on the point of leaving the house when the phone rang.

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tuition n LíàìDfp]åL I had to have extra tuition in Maths.fee n LÑáWL The fee is £50 for a six-week art class.come into effect v phr L?â¾ã=fåír=fDÑÉâíL The new law comes into effect next week.oppose v L]Dé]ròL Local residents will oppose the construction of a power plant in their neighbourhood.kick off phr v L?âfâ=DflÑL What time does the match kick off?dull adj LÇ¾äL Life is never dull when Elizabeth is here.mess about phr v L?ãÉë=]DÄ~ríL He spent his vacation messing about on the farm.demanding adj LÇfDã^WåÇfÏL Being a nurse in a busy hospital is a demanding job – you don’t get much free time.rigorous adj LDêfÖ]ê]ëL The rigorous standards required by the college.placement n LDéäÉfëã]åíL Students are sent out on placement for training.reputable adj LDêÉéàrí]Ä]äL If you have a burglar alarm fitted, make sure it is done by a reputable company.round off phr v L?ê~råÇ=DflÑL You can round off the evening with a visit to the nightclub.shattered adj LDpôí]ÇL By the time we got home we were both shattered.rewarding adj LêfDïlWÇfÏL Teaching can be a very rewarding career.attend v L]DíÉåÇL Only twelve people attended the meeting.completion n Lâ]ãDéäáWp]åL The job is subject to your satisfactory completion of the training course.irritated adj LDfê]íÉfífÇL June gets extremely irritated by William smoking in the house.outstanding adj L~ríDëíôåÇfÏL His performance was outstanding.publicise v LDé¾Ääfë~fòL They are going to publicise the unemployment issue.ratty adj LDêôíáL I feel guilty about getting ratty with the children.a pat on the back n phr L]=?éôí=flå=a]=DÄôâL Alex deserves a pat on the back for all his hard work.evaluation n Lf?îôäàìDÉfp]åL They took some samples of products for evaluation.

Module 1Bretrain v L?êáWDíêÉfåL She’s hoping to retrain as a teacher.redundant adj LêfDÇ¾åÇ]åíL Seventy factory workers were made redundant in the recent financial crisis.witness v LDïfíå]ëL Several residents claim to have witnessed the attack.income n LDfÏâ¾ãI=Dfå-L People on a high income should pay more tax.strain n LëíêÉfåL I couldn’t carry on working and caring for three children; the strain was too much for me.superior n LëìWDéf]êá]I=ëàìW-L My situation at work is extremely difficult as my superior has taken a dislike to me.superficial adj L?ëìWé]DÑfp]äI=?ëàìW-L Naturally, a short visit can allow only the most superficial understanding of prison life.contribution n L?âflåíêfDÄàìWp]åL Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize for his contribution to Quantum Theory.stretch v LëíêÉípL The work’s too easy. The students aren’t being stretched enough.get over phr v LÖÉí=D]rî]L She never got over the death of her son.assertive adj L]Dë‰WífîL Jack has a very assertive personality.decisive adj LÇfDë~fëfîL We are still waiting for Jim to make up his mind. I wish he would be more decisive.fair-minded adj L?ÑÉ]=Dã~fåÇfÇL He’s a fair-minded man – I’m sure he’ll listen to what you have to say.flexible adj LDÑäÉâëfÄ]äL We can be flexible about your starting date.gregarious adj LÖêfDÖÉ]êá]ëL Kim is gregarious and fun-loving.patient adj LDéÉfp]åíL You’ll just have to be patient and wait till I’m off the phone.persistent adj Lé]Dëfëí]åíL If she hadn’t been so persistent she might not have got the job.sensible adj LDëÉåë]Ä]äL It’s sensible to keep a note of your passport number.sensitive adj LDëÉåë]ífîL My brother pretends he’s tough, but he’s actually pretty sensitive.tactful adj LDíôâíÑ]äL It wasn’t very tactful of you to ask whether he’d put on weight.tolerant adj LDíflä]ê]åíL She’s not very tolerant of other people’s failings.benefits n pl LDÄÉå]ÑfíëL We offer an excellent salary and benefits package.whereas conj LïÉ]êDôòL The old system was fairly complicated, whereas the new system is really very simple.assume v L]DëàìWãL I didn’t see your car, so I assumed you’d gone out.in advance prep phr Lfå=]ÇDî^WåëL I should warn you in advance that I’m not a very good dancer.punctual adj LDé¾Ïíâpì]äL She’s always very punctual for appointments.consideration n Lâ]å?ëfÇ]DêÉfp]åL The murdered woman’s name has not been released, out of consideration for her parents.impression n LfãDéêÉp]åL When it comes to job interviews, first impressions are important.crucial adj LDâêìWp]äL The work of monks was crucial in spreading Christianity.respond v LêfDëéflåÇL Dave didn’t respond to any of her e-mails.recommend v L?êÉâ]DãÉåÇL I recommend that you get some professional advice.

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present yourself v phr LéêfDòÉåí=à]?ëÉäÑL He presents himself well.critical adj LDâêfífâ]äL These talks are critical to the future of the peace process.deliberately adv LÇfDäfÄ]ê]íäáL He was deliberately trying to upset her.overcharge v L?]rî]Díp^WÇwL They were being overcharged for cheap beer.badge n LÄôÇwL We were each handed a badge with our name on it.ensure v LfåDpr]L All the necessary steps had been taken to ensure their safety.emotional adj LfDã]rp]å]äL She provided emotional support at a very distressing time for me.let (sb) down phr v L?äÉí=DÇ~råL The worst feeling is having let our fans down.guarantee v L?Öôê]åDíáWL I guarantee you’ll love this film.anticipate v LôåDífë]éÉfíL Sales are better than we anticipated.reserve v LêfDò‰WîL I’d like to reserve asufficient adj Lë]DÑfp]åíL We can only prosecute if there is sufficient evidence.enclose v LfåDâä]ròL Please enclose a cheque with your order.trust v Líê¾ëíL I trust your family are all in good health?reduction n LêfDÇ¾âp]åL Cleaner fuel has contributed to a reduction in air pollution.in the event of phr Lfå=aá=fDîÉåí=]îL He left a letter for me to read in the event of his death.cancellation n L?âôåë]DäÉfp]åL Rail passengers are fed up with cancellations and delays.fare n LÑÉ]L Air fares have increased by as much as twenty percent.reimburse v L?êáWfãDÄ‰WëL The company will reimburse you for travel expenses.relevant adj LDêÉä]î]åíL Relevant documents were presented in court.neutral adj LDåàìWíê]äL I always tried to remain neutral when they started arguing.domestic adj LÇ]DãÉëífâL Unfortunately his domestic life wasn’t very happy.kindergarten n LDâfåÇ]Ö^WíåL Katie was one of the few children who could read when she started kindergarten.handle v LDÜôåÇäL The headmaster handled the situation very well.act/be in sb’s best interest v phr L?ôâí=få=ë¾ãÄ]Çáò=?ÄÉëí=Dfåíê]ëíI=?ÄáL Angela decided to act in her daughter’s best interests by withdrawing her from the competition.appreciate v L]DéêáWpáÉfíL Her abilities are not fully appreciated by her employer.regret v LêfDÖêÉíL I regret to tell you that you will be made redundant.drawback n LDÇêlWÄôâL The main drawback to your plan is that it requires a large amount of money.hesitation n L?ÜÉò]DíÉfp]åL After some hesitation one of them began to speak.reservation n L?êÉò]DîÉfp]åL I had serious reservations about his appointment as captain.pliant adj LDéä~f]åíL You’re going to have to be more pliant – your colleagues won’t appreciate your stubbornness.optimistic adj L?fléí]DãfëífâL We are still relatively optimistic that the factory can be saved.stance n Lëí^WåëL What is your stance on environmental issues?miss the boat v phr L?ãfë=a]=DÄ]ríL You’ll miss the boat if you don’t buy shares now.bend the rules v phr L?ÄÉåÇ=a]=DêìWäòL I think we can afford to bend the rules just this once!hit the roof v phr L?Üfí=a]=DêìWÑL Put that back before Dad sees you and hits the roof!timid adj LDífãfÇL I was a timid child.election n LfDäÉâp]åL Elections will be held on 14th February.far and wide phr L?Ñ^Wê=]å=Dï~fÇL The police searched far and wide but no trace of the stolen racehorse could be found.off and on phr L?flÑ=]åÇ=DflåL I’ve been living here for five years, off and on.presumably adv LéêfDòàìWã]ÄäáL It’s raining, which presumably means that your football match will be cancelled.faint v LÑÉfåíL Several fans fainted in the blazing heat.scandalise v LDëâôåÇ]ä-~fòL His outspoken views scandalised the nation.tie the knot v phr L?í~f=a]=DåflíL They finally decided to tie the knot after being together for twenty-five years.get-together n LDÖÉí=í]?ÖÉa]L We’re having a family get-together on Sunday.transfer v LíêôåëDÑ‰WL I’d like to transfer £500 to my bank account.proposal n Léê]Dé]rò]äL The French government has approved proposals for a new waste law.interaction n L?fåí]êDôâp]åL They aim to improve interaction between teacher and student.phenomena n pl LÑ]Dåflã]å]L Homelessness, unemployment and poverty are not new phenomena in modern society.genuine adj LDÇwÉåàìfåL For years people thought the picture was a genuine Van Gogh, but in fact it’s a fake.existence n LfÖDòfëí]åëL It is impossible to prove the existence of ghosts.rationally adv LDêôp]å]äáL I’m sure we can explain this rationally.quotation n Lâï]rDíÉfp]åL The following quotation is taken from a nineteenth century travel diary.suffice v Lë]DÑ~fëL A light lunch will suffice.

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Module 2Ainexplicable adj L?fåfâDëéäfâ]Ä]äL For some inexplicable reason, he felt depressed.spell-binding adj LDëéÉä=?Ä~fåÇfÏL One of the President’s most spell-binding TV performances was shown on 27th July.conjuror n LDâ¾åÇw]ê]L The conjuror managed to convince the audience that the woman was really inside the box.astonishing adj L]DëíflåfpfÏL Their album has sold an astonishing eleven million copies.intimate adj LDfåí]ã]íL Dinner was served in an intimate room with just two other tables.billionaire n L?Äfäà]DåÉ]L Anthony Hopkins plays a bookish billionaire who uses his money to publish poetry.mayor n LãÉ]L She was the first woman to be elected mayor in the town.rub v Lê¾ÄL She yawned and rubbed her eyes.signature n LDëfÖå]íp]L Her signature is totally illegible.treasury n LDíêÉw]êáL It has cost the national treasury at least £210 million in the middle of an economic crisis.visualise v LDîfwì]ä~fòL I tried to visualise the house while he was describing it.digit n LDÇfÇwfíL This calculator can display only nine digits at a time.literally adv LDäfí]ê]äáL The Olympic Games were watched by literally billions of people.shaken adj LDpÉfâ]åL He was badly shaken by the attack.attribute sth to (sb/sth) v phr L]DíêfÄàìWí=í]L The fall in the number of deaths from heart disease is generally attributed to improvements in diet.connect v Lâ]DåÉâíL They valued her ability to empathise and connect with others.engage v LfåDÖÉfÇwL The toy didn’t engage her interest for long.inspire v LfåDëé~f]L The story was inspired by a chance meeting with an old Russian duke.parlour n LDé^Wä]L I showed her into the parlour.trick n LíêfâL My uncle was always showing me card tricks when I was a kid.participate v Lé^WDífë]éÉfíL Everyone in the class is expected to participate actively in these discussions.persuasion n Lé]DëïÉfw]åL It had taken a great deal of persuasion to get him to accept.go hand in hand v phr LÖ]r=?ÜôåÇ=få=DÜôåÇL Wealth and power go hand in hand in most societies.up to a point phr L?¾é=ír=]=DélfåíL I agree with you up to a point.smuggle v LDëã¾Ö]äL He smuggled his notes into the exam.tap v LíôéL He turned when somebody tapped him on the shoulder.feather n LDÑÉa]L An eagle feather.react v LêáDôâíL Peter reacted angrily to the suggestion that he had lied.swear v LëïÉ]L I never touched your purse, I swear!volunteer n L?îflä]åDíf]L Most of the relief work was done by volunteers.tumbler n LDí¾ãÄä]L He poured the whiskey into a glass tumbler and handed it to the woman.interlink v L?fåí]DäfÏâL It is hoped that this policy will interlink the economies of both parts of Ireland.fist n LÑfëíL She held the money tightly in her fist.inch n LfåípL The curtains were an inch too short.go off phr v LÖ]r=DflÑL The thieves ran away when the alarm went off.spiritual adj LDëéfêfípì]äL Painting helps fill a spiritual need for beauty.essentially adv LfDëÉåp]äáL Unemployment rates have remained essentially unchanged.supernatural adj L?ëìWé]Dåôíp]ê]äI=?ëàìW-L She claimed to have supernatural powers.seek out phr v L?ëáWâ=D~ríL Our mission is to seek out the enemy and destroy them.exclusive adj LfâDëâäìWëfîL The committee’s exclusive focus will be to improve public transportation.eager adj LDáWÖ]L He’s a bright kid and eager to learn.distraction n LÇfDëíêôâp]åL I study in the library as there are too many distractions at home.win sb round v phr L?ïfå=ë¾ãÄ]Çá=Dê~råÇL We’ll be working hard over the next ten days to win round the undecided voters.be obsessed with v phr LÄá=]ÄDëÉëí=ïfaL A lot of young girls are obsessed with their weight.sell-out n LDëÉä=~ríL The concert was expected to be a sell-out.by word of mouth phr LÄ~f=?ï‰WÇ=]î=Dã~rqL Much of this information is picked up by word of mouth from previous students.strike a chord v phr L?ëíê~fâ=]=DâlWÇL Many of the things she says will strike a chord with other young women.lucrative adj LDäìWâê]ífîL He inherited a lucrative business from his father.go in for sth phr v LÖ]r=Dfå=Ñ]=?ë¾ãqfÏL I never really went in for sports.elaborate adj LfDäôÄ]ê]íL They organised a very elaborate presentation for the clients.function n LDÑ¾Ïâp]åL This room may be hired for weddings and other functions.sustain v Lë]DëíÉfåL This argument is difficult to sustain.scepticism n LDëâÉéífëfò]ãL Arguments for the existence of the monster have met with a good deal of scepticism.

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tender age n phr L?íÉåÇ]ê=DÉfÇwL Nicholas was sent to boarding school at the tender age of seven.weird adj Lïf]ÇL A really weird thing happened last night.PIN n LéfåL A gang of five youths held her prisoner forcing her to reveal her PIN number.cheat v LípáWíL He had cheated in the Maths test by using a calculator.deceive v LÇfDëáWîL He deceived the old lady into letting him into the house by pretending to be a telephone engineer.sly adj Lëä~fL I wouldn’t trust Dave. He’s very sly.demonstrate v LDÇÉã]åëíêÉfíL The study demonstrates the link between poverty and malnutrition.scratch v LëâêôípL Don’t scratch – the rash will get infected.pat v LéôíL He patted the dog affectionately.stroke v Lëíê]râL He reached out and stroked her cheek tenderly.baffle v LDÄôÑ]äL The question baffled me completely.search warrant n phr LDë‰Wíp=?ïflê]åíL Even a policeman wouldn’t dare enter the house without a search warrant.ajar adj L]DÇw^WL She had left her bedroom door ajar and could hear her parents talking downstairs.vibration n Lî~fDÄêÉfp]åL I could feel the vibrations from the party coming through the walls.squeeze v LëâïáWòL He smiled as he squeezed her hand.punch v Lé¾åípL He punched me and knocked my teeth out.grasp v LÖê^WëéL Alan grasped the handle and pulled it.itch v LfípL The label on this shirt itches.slap v LëäôéL Sarah slapped John across the face.grab v LÖêôÄL Two men grabbed her and pushed her to the ground.clutch v Lâä¾ípL She was clutching a bottle of champagne.grip v LÖêféL I gripped the rail and tried not to look down.ritual n LDêfípì]äL He went through the ritual of making his tea.lottery n LDäflí]êáL Do you really think winning the lottery would make you happy?superstition n L?ëìWé]Dëífp]åI=?ëàìW-L It’s an old superstition that walking under a ladder is unlucky.discourse n LDÇfëâlWëL She’s presenting a discourse on Venetian art at the museum.lucky charm n phr L?ä¾âá=Díp^WãL The girl had a lucky charm with a small gold horseshoe on it.sneeze v LëåáWòL The dust was making him sneeze.monument n LDãflåàrã]åíL He erected a monument on the spot where his daughter was killed.carve v Lâ^WîL Michelangelo carved this figure from a single block of marble.limestone n LDä~fãëí]råL It was made of local limestone, instead of marble, and roughened by weather.solely adv LDë]rä-äáL I shall hold you solely responsible for anything that goes wrong.crouch v Lâê~rípL The little boy crouched under the table and hoped that nobody would notice him.sustain v Lë]DëíÉfåL Two of the fire-fighters sustained serious injuries.erosion n LfDê]rw]åL Poor farming methods have contributed to increased soil erosion.invade v LfåDîÉfÇL The Romans invaded Britain 2000 years ago.target practice n phr LDí^WÖ]í=?éêôâífëL The area is used by the army for target practice.serpent n LDë‰Wé]åíL The serpent slithered across the ground towards us.fragment n LDÑêôÖã]åíL Some glass fragments hit me when the window was smashed.commentator n LDâflã]åíÉfí]L A number of commentators have pointed out the importance of horses in the writer’s work.speculate v LDëéÉâàräÉfíL Edward began to speculate on what life would be like if he were to win the lottery.legendary adj LDäÉÇw]åÇ]êáL The cave is the home of a legendary giant.flood n LÑä¾ÇL The village was cut off by floods.weathering n LDïÉa]êfÏL The brick has received too much weathering and lost its colour.essence n LDÉë]åëL The essence of Arsenal’s style of football was speed.restore v LêfDëílWL The church was carefully restored after the war.date back phr v L?ÇÉfí=DÄôâL The church dates back to the 13th century.worship n LDï‰WpféL Please do not raise your voice in this holy place of worship.line up phr v L?ä~få=D¾éL The windows should be lined up with the door frame.transport v LíêôåDëélWíL The company transports meat across the country in refrigerated containers.incident n LDfåë]Ç]åíL A spokesman said it was an isolated incident.yeti n LDàÉíáL There have been too many sightings of something resembling a yeti for us to ignore them completely.extensively adv LfâDëíÉåëfîäáL Fire has damaged the island’s forests quite extensively.antique adj LôåDíáWâL Jacob collects antique fountain pens.

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diagnose v L?Ç~f]ÖDå]ròL A technician diagnosed a faulty pump in the engine.tenant n LDíÉå]åíL The last tenants left the house in a terrible state so we’re having to repaint it.brainstorming n LDÄêÉfå?ëílWãfÏL The college is holding a brainstorming session to look at possible funding sources.review n LêfDîàìWL The paper published a review of her book.leaflet n LDäáWÑä]íL Students were handing out election leaflets at the station.outline n LD~ríä~fåL In a short statement, Alex gave an outline of his plans for the company.plot n LéäflíL As the plot unfolds, we discover that Jack isn’t as innocent as he seems.spooky adj LDëéìWâáL He lived in a spooky house in the middle of a thick dark wood.structured adj LDëíê¾âíp]ÇL The interviews were highly structured.eerie adj LDf]êáL An eerie cry rang through the night.suspense n Lë]DëéÉåëL Come on then, tell me what happened; the suspense is killing me.overall adj L?]rî]êDlWäL The overall cost of the exhibition was £400,000.angle n LDôÏÖ]äL We’re approaching the issue from many different angles.

Module 2Bregard sb/sth v phr LêfDÖ^WÇ=?ë¾ãÄ]ÇáI=?ë¾ãqfÏL Edith was widely regarded as eccentric.prone adj Léê]råL He’s always been prone to illness.open to phr LD]ré]å=í]L The 1960s was a period when greater opportunities were open to women.stress v LëíêÉëL I can’t stress strongly enough that you should not go out into the mountains without the right equipment.living n LDäfîfÏL What does he do for a living?leisure time n phr LDäÉw]=í~fãL Most people now enjoy shorter working hours and more leisure time.struggle n LDëíê¾Ö]äL I’m finding it a terrible struggle trying to bring up my daughter and work at the same time.permanently adv LDé‰Wã]å]åíäáL The accident left him permanently disabled.coincidence n Lâ]rDfåë]Ç]åëL By a strange coincidence the king was assassinated on the very spot where his grandfather had been killed.acquaintance n L]DâïÉfåí]åëL She was a casual acquaintance of my family in Vienna.willing adj LDïfäfÏL I’m willing to apologise if you will.settle for phr v LDëÉíä=Ñ]L They want £2500 for it, but they might settle for £2000.absence n LDôÄë]åëL In the absence of any evidence, the police had to let Myers go.short notice n phr L?plWí=Då]rífëL Why didn’t you tell me yesterday that you needed the car. It’s difficult for me to change my plans at such short notice.bump into phr v L?Ä¾ãé=Dfåí]L I bumped into Jean in town this morning.catch up on phr v L?âôíp=D¾é=flåL The first thing I did when I got home was to phone up Jo and catch up on all the gossip.squash n LëâïflpL She always likes a game of squash with her mates from work on Friday afternoons.suspect n LDë¾ëéÉâíL The suspect is being held by the police.evidence n LDÉîfÇ]åëL You’ve got absolutely no evidence to prove that Emily cheated in the exam!fluid n LDÑäìWfÇL He is not allowed solid food yet, only fluids.go on strike v phr L?Ö]r=flå=Dëíê~fâL Teachers went on strike last week to demand better job security.syndicate n LDëfåÇfâ]íL The project will be funded through a syndicate of international financial institutions.creature n LDâêáWíp]L The first living creature sent into space was a dog named Laika.enthusiast n LfåDqàìWòáôëíL Golf enthusiasts will be able to see the tournament live on TV.screening n LDëâêáWåfÏL There’s a screening of Spielberg’s new movie in the Student Hall at seven.cult movie n phr L?â¾äí=DãìWîáL Did you ever see the 1980s cult movie ‘The Gods Must Be Crazy’?classic n LDâäôëfâL Movies like ‘Paris, Texas’ have become modern classics.blockbuster n LDÄäflâ?Ä¾ëí]L ‘Roots’ became a blockbuster TV series.preview n LDéêáWîàìWL Judy got tickets to the preview because her uncle knows the director.annual adj LDôåàì]äL The school trip has become an annual event.found v LÑ~råÇL Our association was founded in 1898 by the local school teacher.hiker n LDÜ~fâ]L Dinner was lively and funny, as the hikers recalled some of the moments on the trail.line-up n LDä~få=¾éL There’s a wonderful line-up of programmes for Christmas and the New Year.challenging adj LDípôä]åÇwfÏL Teaching young children is a challenging and rewarding job.pub crawl n phr LDé¾Ä=âêlWäL She couldn’t even remember the last bar they went to on her birthday pub crawl.backgammon n LDÄôâÖôã]åL If it rained they would stay in the library, playing cards and backgammon.readership n LDêáWÇ]pféL We’re going to have to increase our readership if we want to make any money out of this paper.well-established adj L?ïÉä=fDëíôÄäfpíL We prefer to use well-established teaching methods.facilities n pl LÑ]Dëfä]íáòL The hotel has its own pool and leisure facilities.range v LêÉfåÇwL There were one hundred students whose ages ranged from ten to fifteen.

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budding adj LDÄ¾ÇfÏL As a budding politician, you will have to make a special effort for people to take you seriously.grandmaster n L?ÖêôåÇDã^Wëí]L She dreamed of becoming a grandmaster at chess one day.thriving adj LDqê~fîfÏL He expanded the shipping trade and left a thriving business to his son.

Module 2regardless of adv phr LêfDÖ^WÇä]ë=]îL The law requires equal treatment for all, regardless of race, religion, or sex.charming adj LDíp^WãfÏL Harry can be very charming.‘out of body’ experience n phr L?~rí=]î=?ÄflÇá=fâDëéf]êá]åëL At first I thought I was having an ‘out of body’ experience.unconscious adj L¾åDâflåp]ëL She was found alive but unconscious.claim v LâäÉfãL He claims to be my long-lost cousin from Australia but I’m not so sure.paranormal adj L?éôê]DålWã]äL Researchers are investigating paranormal activity in the house.complimentary adj L?âflãéä]DãÉåí]êáL Jennie was very complimentary about Katherine’s riding.reincarnation n L?êáWfåâ^WDåÉfp]åL Belief in reincarnation is very common in many countries.soul n Lë]räL Many people believe that a person’s soul continues to exist after they have died.ancestor n LDôåë]ëí]I=-ëÉë-L My ancestors were French.Hinduism n LDÜfåÇì-fò]ãL Gandhi could have converted many Christians to Hinduism.Buddhism n LDÄrÇfò]ãL Buddhism is a religion that teaches respect for all living things.incorporate v LfåDâlWé]êÉfíL We’ve incorporated many environmentally-friendly features into the design of the building.regress v LêfDÖêÉëL The patient had regressed to a state of childish dependency.hypnosis n LÜféDå]rëfëL While under hypnosis, the victim was able to describe her attacker.

Module 3values n pl LDîôäàìWòL Emily has strong moral values when it comes to marriage.coherence n Lâ]rDÜf]ê]åëL An overall theme will help to give your essay coherence.issue n LDfpìWI=DfëàìWL The key issue is whether workers should be classified as ‘employees’.illustrate v LDfä]ëíêÉfíL Let me give an example to illustrate the point.celebrity n Lë]DäÉÄê]íáL He became a national celebrity.tier n Líf]L He works in the most senior tier of management.grand adj LÖêôåÇL The party was a grand affair.dictate v LÇfâDíÉfíL The amount of available funds dictates what we can do.burden n LDÄ‰WÇåL Knowing about Kate’s secret has been such a burden.bizarre adj LÄfDò^WL It was such a bizarre coincidence!contradiction n L?âflåíê]DÇfâp]åL There was a clear contradiction between the government’s ideas and its actual policy.fierce adj LÑf]ëL These people take fierce pride in their independence.glare n LÖäÉ]L He was almost blinded by the harsh glare of the desert sun.limelight n LDä~fãä~fíL She’s afraid this new actor will steal the limelight from her.desirable adj LÇfDò~f]ê]Ä]äL The ability to speak a foreign language is highly desirable.wealth n LïÉäqL The country’s wealth comes from its oil.glitzy adj LDÖäfíëáL It was a glitzy split-level shopping centre with brightly lit window displays of expensive fashions.aspire v L]Dëé~f]L At that time, all serious artists aspired to go to Rome and Paris.perspective n Lé]DëéÉâífîL His father’s death gave him a whole new perspective on life.roam v Lê]rãL You shouldn’t let your children roam the streets.plain n LéäÉfåL The grassy plain gave way to an extensive swamp.herder n LDÜ‰WÇ]L The herders were sitting under the trees.travel light v phr L?íêôî]ä=Dä~fíL I only ever take one suitcase with me on holiday as I prefer to travel light.play a joke on sb v phr L?éäÉf=]=DÇw]râ=flå=?ë¾ãÄ]ÇáL She wondered if the others were playing a joke on her.conform v Lâ]åDÑlWãL Joseph does not conform to the stereotype of a policeman.haughty adj LDÜlWíáL Jessica turned away with a haughty look on her face.glamorous adj LDÖäôã]ê]ëL As a top model, she led an exciting and glamorous life.hang on to phr v L?ÜôÏ=Dflå=í]L I think I’ll hang on to the documents for a bit longer.identity n L~fDÇÉåí]íáL Children need security, and a sense of identity.inhabit v LfåDÜôÄfíL The woods are inhabited by many wild animals.scrutiny n LDëâêìWí]åáL Their activities have come under police scrutiny.gain n LÖÉfåL Eating too many fatty goods could cause weight gain.mere adj Lãf]L The mere thought of food made her feel sick.flash n LÑäôpL The writer had a sudden flash of inspiration and started to write.

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temper n LDíÉãé]L Theo needs to learn to control his temper.retinue n LDêÉífåàìWL He travelled with a huge retinue of servants.livelihood n LDä~fîäáÜrÇL The opening of the new shopping centre threatens the livelihoods of local shopkeepers.commodity n Lâ]DãflÇ]íáL Time is a precious commodity.profit n LDéêflÑfíL All the profits from the auction will go to cancer research.get on the wrong side of sb v phr LÖÉíÅflå=a]=?êflÏ=Dë~fÇ=]î=?ë¾ãÄ]ÇáL I wouldn’t like to get on the wrong side of her.engender v LfåDÇwÉåÇ]L Their financial success has engendered jealousy among their neighbours.distrust n LÇfëDíê¾ëíL Local people regard the police with suspicion and distrust.isolation n L?~fë]DäÉfp]åL Retirement can often cause feelings of isolation.take sth at face value v phr L?íÉfâ=ë¾ãqfÏ=]í=?ÑÉfë=DîôäàìWL You shouldn’t always take his remarks at face value.play havoc with v phr L?éäÉf=DÜôî]â=ïfaL Rain has continued to play havoc with sporting events.pomposity n LéflãDéflë]íáL If it weren’t for his pomposity and arrogance he’d be quite a nice guy.arrogance n LDôê]Ö]åëL I couldn’t believe the arrogance of the man!far adv LÑ^WL You won’t get far if you carry on behaving like that.well-adjusted adj L?ïÉä=]DÇw¾ëífÇL Jacob was a happy, well-adjusted child.ill-at-ease adj L?fä=]í=DáWòL He always felt shy and ill-at-ease at parties.petrify v LDéÉíêfÑ~fL She stood their shaking, petrified by the sounds of screaming.guarded adj LDÖ^WÇfÇL Baker spoke about the project with guarded enthusiasm.defensive adj LÇfDÑÉåëfîL She despised herself for sounding so defensive – after all, she hadn’t done anything wrong.breed n LÄêáWÇL Real cowboys are a dying breed.perceive v Lé]DëáWîL That morning, he perceived a change in Ben’s mood.slight n Lëä~fíL She was aware of the unspoken slight when he didn’t phone her on her birthday.unsettled adj L¾åDëÉíäÇL Emily felt a little unsettled and it took her a long time to fall asleep.inconvenience n L?fåâ]åDîáWåá]åëL Having to go into the centre of town to pay the parking ticket was a major inconvenience.feel sorry for v phr L?ÑáWä=Dëflêá=Ñ]L I’ve got no sympathy for him, but I feel sorry for his wife.intriguing adj LfåDíêáWÖfÏL The film uses an intriguing mixture of comedy and horror.paradox n LDéôê]ÇflâëL It’s a paradox that in such a rich country there can be so much poverty.unconditionally adv L?¾åâ]åDÇfp]å]äáL He promised to love her unconditionally, whatever she might do or say.irrational adj LfDêôp]å]äL His behaviour can be somewhat irrational at times.devotion n LÇfDî]rp]åL Mary expected complete devotion from her employees.conviction n Lâ]åDîfâp]åL Mary is a woman of strong political convictions.idolise v LD~fÇ]ä~fòL They had one child, a girl whom they idolised.have power over v phr LÜôî=Dé~r]ê=?]rî]L People should have more power over the decisions that affect their lives.arguably adv LD^WÖàì]ÄäáL Senna was arguably the greatest racing driver of all time.embody v LfãDÄflÇáL She embodies everything I admire in a teacher.array n L]DêÉfL There was a wide array of colours to choose from.archetypal adj L?^WâfDí~fé]äL Byron was the archetypal Romantic hero.trait n LíêÉfíL Certain personality traits make people more likely to become victims of violent crime.current adj LDâ¾ê]åíL In its current state, the house would be worth £200,000.appeal n L]DéáWäL The programme has a very wide appeal.possess v Lé]DòÉëL Different workers possess different skills.incarnation n L?fåâ^WDåÉfp]åL She believes she was an Egyptian queen in a previous incarnation.illusion n LfDäìWw]åL Credit creates the illusion that you can own things without paying for them.fade v LÑÉfÇL Over the years her beauty had faded a little.turn on phr v LDí‰Wå=flåL Peter turned on Ray and screamed, ‘Get out of my sight!'egg on phr v L?ÉÖÅDflåL Bob didn’t want to jump, but his friends kept egging him on.press n LéêÉëL The story was widely covered in the national press.insatiable adj LfåDëÉfp]Ä]äL She had an insatiable thirst for attention.topple v LDíflé]äL This scandal could topple the government.fall from grace n phr L?ÑlWä=Ñê]ã=DÖêÉfëL He was the head of the intelligence service until his fall from grace.household name n phr L?Ü~rëÜ]räÇ=DåÉfãL Coca Cola is a household name around the world.temper v LDíÉãé]L Harry’s enthusiasm for the new project was tempered by money worries.mercilessness n LDã‰Wëfä]ëå]ëL The mercilessness of the crime shocked the nation.odd adj LflÇL It was an odd thing to say.

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moral adj LDãflê]äL It is easy to have an opinion on a moral issue like the death penalty for murder.neutrality n LåàìWDíêôä]íáL After Pearl Harbour, U.S. neutrality ended.succumb v Lë]Dâ¾ãL Gina succumbed to temptation and had a second piece of cake.virus n LDî~f]ê]ëL Many of the children were infected with the virus.ruthlessly adv LDêìWqä]ëäáL He ruthlessly oppressed the rights of the people.underbelly n LD¾åÇ]?ÄÉäáL They needed to find the soft underbelly of their opponents.flipside n LDÑäféë~fÇL The flipside of the treatment is that it can make patients feel very tired.disguise v LÇfëDÖ~fòL There’s no way you can disguise that southern accent.observe v L]ÄDò‰WîL Scientists have observed a drop in ozone levels over the Antarctic.tendency n LDíÉåÇ]åëáL The drug is effective but has a tendency to cause headaches.self-centred adj L?ëÉäÑ=DëÉåí]ÇL Jill’s attractive and pleasant to talk to, but she’s extremely self-centred.imitate v LDfã]íÉfíL The Japanese have no wish to imitate Western social customs and attitudes.extent n LfâDëíÉåíL I do agree with him to an extent.cult n Lâ¾äíL Diet, exercise ... It’s all part of this cult of self-improvement.land v LäôåÇL He landed a job with a law firm.relatively adv LDêÉä]ífîäáL The system is relatively easy to use.subject sb to sth phr v Lë]ÄDÇwÉâí=?ë¾ãÄ]Çá=í]=?ë¾ãqfÏL Police subjected him to hours of questioning.associate v L]Dë]rpáÉfíI=]Dë]rëá-L There are problems associated with cancer treatment.naive adj Lå~fDáWîL It would be naive to think that the new government can solve the country’s problems straight away.promote v Léê]Dã]ríL Helen was promoted to senior manager.autograph n LDlWí]Öê^WÑL Can I have your autograph?reflect v LêfDÑäÉâíL The drop in consumer spending reflects concern about the economy.accurate adj LDôâàrê]íL The brochure tries to give a fair and accurate description of each hotel.disillusioned adj L?Çfë]DäìWw]åÇL As she grew older, Laura became increasingly disillusioned with politics.walks of life n phr L?ïlWâë=]î=Dä~fÑL Our volunteers include people from different walks of life.legend n LDäÉÇw]åÇL A marvellous player who was a legend in his own lifetime.display n LÇfDëéäÉfL A superb display of African masks.chamber n LDípÉfãÄ]L Prisoners were taken to the torture chamber.update v L¾éDÇÉfíL The files need updating.rare adj LêÉ]L This species of plant is becoming increasingly rare.determination n LÇf?í‰WãfDåÉfp]åL Yuri shows great determination to learn English.unpredictable adj L?¾åéêfDÇfâí]Ä]äL The weather has been so unpredictable lately.intense adj LfåDíÉåëL Young people today are under intense pressure to succeed.confess v Lâ]åDÑÉëL Marsha confessed that she didn’t really know how to work the computer.hustler n LDÜ¾ëä]L Be careful – that guy is a known hustler!gracious adj LDÖêÉfp]ëL Cheryl was the most gracious and helpful person to work with.statesman n LDëíÉfíëã]åL He is a respected elder statesman.dreadful adj LDÇêÉÇÑ]äL We’ve had some dreadful weather lately.shove v Lp¾îL He shoved her towards the car.endure v LfåDÇàr]L There friendship has endured for so many years.assess v L]DëÉëL A report to assess the impact of advertising on children.device n LÇfDî~fëL Metaphor is a common literary device.revolutionary adj L?êÉî]DäìWp]å]êáL A revolutionary leader.adoring adj L]DÇlWêfÏL His adoring fans.positively adv LDéflò]ífîäáL Change should be accepted and be viewed positively.protest n LDéê]ríÉëíL A small group of demonstrators staged a peaceful protest outside the UN Headquarters.excessive adj LfâDëÉëfîL Ten Euros for two cups of coffee seems excessive.inadequate adj LfåDôÇfâï]íL Inadequate lighting made it difficult to continue the work after dinner.march n Lã^WípL In the end the police decided not to ban the march.committed adj Lâ]DãfífÇL John is a very committed student.draw attention to sth v phr L?ÇêlW=]DíÉåp]å=í]=?ë¾ãqfÏL I have been asked to draw your attention to the following points.frustrate v LÑê]DëíêÉfíL The fact that he’s working with amateurs really frustrates him.object v L]ÄDÇwÉâíL If nobody objects, I would like Mrs Harrison to be present.recreational adj L?êÉâêáDÉfp]å]äL He considers drinking beer and watching football as recreational activities.

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indifferent adj LfåDÇfÑ]ê]åíL Sarah was absolutely indifferent to him, and it hurt.supportive adj Lë]DélWífîL My family were very supportive throughout the divorce.put pressure on sb v phr Lérí=DéêÉp]êÅflå=?ë¾ãÄ]ÇáL They are putting pressure on people to vote yes.amused adj L]DãàìWòÇL Ellen seemed amused by the whole situation.back down phr v L?Äôâ=DÇ~råL Both sides have refused to back down.compromise n LDâflãéê]ã~fòL After several hours of discussions, they managed to reach a compromise.impact n LDfãéôâíL Higher mortgage rates have already had a major impact on spending.resident n LDêÉòfÇ]åíL Local residents are protesting about the new road.bypass n LDÄ~fé^WëL The railway station has been re-sited down the line to make room for the town’s bypass.campaigner n LâôãDéÉfå]L Florence was a key campaigner for the mayor’s re-election.reconsider v L?êáWâ]åDëfÇ]L He should reconsider his decision to resign.move on phr v L?ãìWî=DflåL I enjoyed my job, but it was time to move on.mind you phr L?ã~fåÇ=DàìWL He looks very young in this photo. Mind you, it was taken years ago.ridiculous adj LêfDÇfâàrä]ëL That’s a ridiculous idea!striker n LDëíê~fâ]L Manchester City are looking for two good strikers.league n LäáWÖL He makes his football league debut tomorrow.collaborative adj Lâ]DäôÄ]ê]ífîL A manager’s main task is to coordinate the collaborative efforts of a number of people.union n LDàìWåà]åL Are you planning to join the union?ignore v LfÖDålWL The phone rang, but she ignored it.minister n LDãfåfëí]L The Russian foreign minister was also present at the meeting.insist v LfåDëfëíL His friends insisted he had no connection with drugs.outrageous adj L~ríDêÉfÇw]ëL He says the most outrageous things.annoy v L]DålfL What annoyed him most was that he had received no apology.obligation n L?flÄäfDÖÉfp]åL Parents are under a legal obligation to educate their children.reception n LêfDëÉép]åL Please leave your key at the reception desk.royalty n LDêlf]äíáL He receives a royalty of two percent on each card sold.back v LÄôâL The scheme has been backed by several major companies in the region.auction v LDlWâp]åL One of the Beatles’ guitars is being auctioned for charity.pledge v LéäÉÇwL Moore pledged £100,000 to the orchestra at the fund-raising dinner.generous adj LDÇwÉå]ê]ëL She’s always very generous to the kids.reckon v LDêÉâ]åL I reckon I must have spent over a hundred Euros at the weekend.money-spinning adj LDã¾åá=?ëéfåfÏL It was a money-spinning idea.donate v LÇ]rDåÉfíL Last year he donated $1,000 to cancer research.estimate v LDÉëífãÉfíL The tree is estimated to be at least two hundred years old.construction n Lâ]åDëíê¾âp]åL The passive voice is one of the more difficult grammatical constructions.sponsored walk n phr L?ëéflåë]Ç=DïlWâL She raised over £200 for the leukaemia fund on a sponsored walk.pie chart n phr LDé~f=?íp^WíL A pie chart can help the business-person see at a glance exactly where the money goes.disadvantaged adj L?Çfë]ÇDî^WåífÇwÇL Improved nutrition will help disadvantaged children perform better in school.board of governors n phr L?ÄlWÇ=]î=DÖ¾î]å]òL The board of governors met yesterday.overview n LD]rî]îàìWL Before we can consider the details we need to have an overview of the whole situation.assistance n L]Dëfëí]åëL We offer financial assistance to students.exceed v LfâDëáWÇL The working week must not exceed forty-two hours.appeal n L]DéáWäL The appeal has nearly reached its target of £100,000.launch v LälWåípL The hospital has launched an appeal to raise money for new equipment.in the light of phr Lfå=a]=Dä~fí=]îL In the light of this tragic event, we have cancelled the celebrations.substantial adj Lë]ÄDëíôåp]äL We have the support of a substantial number of parents.ego n LDáWÖ]rI=DÉÖ]rL Richard has the biggest ego of anyone I’ve ever met.outcome n LD~ríâ¾ãL The outcome of the negotiations was that the workers would go back to work after receiving a two percent increase in pay.principle n LDéêfåë]é]äL Parents try to teach their children a set of principles.get away with phr v LÖÉí=]DïÉf=ïfaL Watch out for Frank – he’ll cheat if he thinks he can get away with it.make off with phr v LãÉfâ=DflÑ=ïfaL Thieves broke into the school and made off with computer equipment worth £40,000.stand up for phr v L?ëíôåÇ=D¾é=Ñ]L It’s time we stood up for our rights.crack a joke v phr L?âêôâ=]=DÇw]râL He kept cracking jokes about my appearance.execute v LDÉâëfâàìWíL The skaters’ routine was perfectly executed.

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occupy v LDflâàré~fL Before becoming prime minister, he had already occupied several cabinet posts.adopt v L]DÇfléíL Kim adopts a southern accent when speaking to her family back home.breathtaking adj LDÄêÉq?íÉfâfÏL The view from my bedroom window was absolutely breathtaking.preserve v LéêfDò‰WîL Norma tried to preserve a normal family life in difficult circumstances.convict v Lâ]åDîfâíL She was convicted of shoplifting.alternative n LlWäDí‰Wå]ífîL He says he doesn’t want to see a doctor, but I’m afraid he has no alternative.contestant n Lâ]åDíÉëí]åíL Each contestant has to answer questions on a variety of subjects.suspicion n Lë]Dëéfp]åL I can’t say for definite who did it, but I certainly have my suspicions.lengthy adj LDäÉÏqáL An accident is causing some lengthy delays.plaudits n pl LDéälWÇfíëL Her performance won plaudits from the critics.

Module 4tapestry n LDíôé]ëíêáL A colourful tapestry depicting a hunting scene.breadth n LÄêÉÇqL His breadth of knowledge was amazing.destined adj LDÇÉëífåÇL She seemed destined for a successful career.specialise v LDëéÉp]ä~fòL Simon specialised in contract law.overlap v L?]rî]DäôéL Maxwell’s responsibilities overlap yours, so you will be sharing some of the work.trivial adj LDíêfîá]äL We were punished for the most trivial offences.ingredient n LfåDÖêáWÇá]åíL John has all the ingredients of a great football player.underpin v L?¾åÇ]DéfåL America’s wealth is underpinned by a global system which exploits the world’s poor.envious adj LDÉåîá]ëL Colleagues were envious of her success.squabble v LDëâïflÄ]äL They’re always squabbling over money.rivalry n LDê~fî]äêáL There has always been intense rivalry between the two teams.crush v Lâê¾pL Sara was crushed by their insults.nonsense n LDåflåë]åëL ‘Nobody cares about me.’ ‘That’s absolute nonsense, Mary!’in the background phr Lfå=a]=DÄôâÖê~råÇL The President’s advisors are content to remain in the background.public relations n phr L?é¾Ääfâ=êfDäÉfp]åòL The project has been disastrous for the bank in terms of public relations – their customers have a very poor opinion of them now.tailoring n LDíÉfä]êfÏL Gordon works in the tailoring department of a large clothes store.have an eye for sth v phr LÜôî=]å=D~f=Ñ]=?ë¾ãqfÏL Ernest is a very good proof-reader because he has an eye for detail.heated adj LDÜáWífÇL The discussion turned into an interesting but rather heated debateconfrontation n L?âflåÑê]åDíÉfp]åL She stayed in her room to avoid another confrontation with her father.operation n L?flé]DêÉfp]åL The firm set up its own property development operation.polish v LDéfläfpL I spent all afternoon polishing the silver.thoroughly adv LDq¾ê]äáL The room had been thoroughly cleaned.hopeless adj LDÜ]réä]ëL I’m a hopeless cook.thin-skinned adj L?qfå=DëâfåÇL Lucy is so thin-skinned it’s a wonder she ever became a politician.throw sb v phr LDqê]r=?ë¾ãÄ]ÇáL His final question threw me completely – I just didn’t know what to say.(not) a bed of roses phr L(?åflí)=]=?ÄÉÇ=]î=Dê]ròfòL Life isn’t always a bed of roses, you know.demarcation n L?ÇáWã^WDâÉfp]åL What are the traditional lines of demarcation between medicine and surgery?tread on sb’s toes v phr L?íêÉÇ=flå=ë¾ãÄ]Çáò=Dí]ròL I didn’t mean to tread on anybody’s toes by moving into this office!occupation n L?flâàrDéÉfp]åL Please state your name, address and occupation.duo n LDÇàìW]rL The two sisters formed a hilarious comedy duo.bounce ideas off v phr L?Ä~råë=~fDÇf]ò=flÑL When you work in a team you can bounce your ideas off each other.get above yourself v phr LÖÉí=]DÄ¾î=à]?ëÉäÑL Your brother is really getting above himself – just because he has a good job doesn’t make him better than us .pro-active adj Léê]r=DôâífîL The headmaster takes a pro-active approach to staffing requirements, so he’s never short of teachers .aggressive adj L]DÖêÉëfîL A successful businessman has to be aggressive.cautious adj LDâlWp]ëL It was better to take a cautious approach to the crisis.hesitant adj LDÜÉòfí]åíL They seemed hesitant about coming in – I think they were shy.commissioner n Lâ]Dãfp]å]L The commissioner has ordered an official investigation into the city-wide blackout .ailing adj LDÉfäfÏL She turned an ailing business into one of the most successful firms in the country .network n LDåÉíï‰WâL The development of a high-speed European rail network.satellite n LDëôí]ä~fíL This broadcast comes live via satellite from New York.by a mile phr LÄ~f=]=Dã~fäL He was the best player on the pitch by a mile.on a regular basis phr Lflå=]=?êÉÖàrä]=DÄÉfëfëL He has started visiting the gym on a regular basis and has already lost ten kilos.hit it off v phr L?Üfí=fí=DflÑL I knew you’d hit it off with Mike – you both have the same sense of humour.

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from the word go phr LÑê]ã=a]=?ï‰WÇ=DÖ]rL The marriage was a disaster from the word go – they even argued about which church to get married in!chemistry n LDâÉãfëíêáL If the chemistry’s right then a relationship is bound to work well.diversity n LÇ~fDî‰Wë]íáI=Çf-L There was a diversity of opinions.take sb/sth seriously v phr L?íÉfâ=ë¾ãÄ]Çá=Dëf]êá]ëäáL As a teacher, it’s important that the kids take you seriously.be full of yourself v phr LÄf=DÑrä=]î=à]?ëÉäÑL My first impression was that he was a bit full of himself.cross adj LâêflëL They were married for fifty years and there was never a cross word between them.vision n LDîfw]åL He had a clear vision of how he hoped the company would develop.offend v L]DÑÉåÇL His remarks deeply offended many Scottish people.interfere v L?fåí]DÑf]L My daughter-in-law said that I was interfering, but I was only trying to help.trustworthy adj LDíê¾ëí?ï‰WaáL Anna’s very trustworthy so you don’t need to worry about her looking after your dog.import v LfãDélWíL In 2001, Britain imported a huge number of cars.supplier n Lë]Déä~f]L They are the UK’s largest supplier of office equipment.interpreter n LfåDí‰Wéê]í]L Speaking through an interpreter, Ahmed told the judge what he had seen.perfectionist n Lé]DÑÉâp]åfëíL Many top athletes are perfectionists who drive themselves to excel.place an order v phr L?éäÉfë=]å=DlWÇ]L You can place your order by telephone.confidence n LDâflåÑfÇ]åëL She had complete confidence in the young nurse.approachable adj L]Déê]ríp]Ä]äL The head teacher is very approachable, so don’t worry about asking for his advice.department n LÇfDé^Wíã]åíL The English department of the university.initiative n LfDåfp]ífîL I wish my son would show more initiative – he never does anything unless his brother suggests it first.decline v LÇfDâä~fåL Spending on information technology has declined.scenario n Lë]Då^Wêá]rL Imagine a scenario where only twenty percent of people have a job.the chop n phr La]=DípfléL He was worried that he might be for the chop.dread v LÇêÉÇL I’ve got an interview tomorrow and I’m dreading it.have sth at your fingertips v phr L?Üôî=ë¾ãqfÏ=]í=à]=DÑfÏÖ]íféëL We have all the facts and figures at our fingertips.take a knocking v phr L?íÉfâ=]=DåflâfÏL Clive’s taken quite a knocking lately – first he lost his job and now he’s had his car stolen.retain v LêfDíÉfåL It’s increasingly difficult to recruit and retain good staff.justify v LDÇw¾ëífÑ~fL How can we justify spending so much money on weapons?stem n LëíÉãL ‘driv-’ in ‘driving’.enlarge v LfåDä^WÇwL Police will have the pictures enlarged in an attempt to identify the thief.collapse v Lâ]DäôéëL The roof had collapsed long ago and the rain had done terrible damage to the interior of the house.influence v LDfåÑäì]åëL What influenced you to take up nursing?affection n L]DÑÉâp]åL Their father never showed them much affection.defend v LÇfDÑÉåÇL We are prepared to fight to defend our homeland.cruel adj LDâêìW]äL Telling her that she looked ugly was a cruel, tactless thing to say.conformist adj Lâ]åDÑlWãfëíL Our children’s creativity is being blocked by the conformist educational system.reversible adj LêfDî‰Wë]Ä]äL The court’s decision is reversible – but only if two judges can be found to agree.restrict v LêfDëíêfâíL The new law restricts the sale of hand guns.on the spot phr Lflå=a]=DëéflíL The manager only gave him five minutes so he had to make his decision on the spot.individual n L?fåÇfDîfÇwì]äL Each individual receives two genes, one inherited from each parent.brand n LÄêôåÇL What brand of detergent do you use?hunt through phr v L?Ü¾åí=DqêìWL In the school library he hunted through books on politics to find the article he wanted.organic adj LlWDÖôåfâL Organic farming is better for the environment.arouse v L]Dê~ròL Matt’s strange behaviour was arousing the interest of the neighbours.dessert n LÇfDò‰WíL What are we having for dessert?trolley n LDíêfläáL Most supermarket trolleys have a special seat where a young child can sit.tempt v LíÉãéíL If you leave valuables in your car it will tempt thieves.discern v LÇfDë‰WåL Officials were keen to discern how much public support there was.substance n LDë¾Äëí]åëL Plutonium 238 is one of the most toxic substances known to man.curious adj LDâàr]êá]ëL ‘Why do you want to know about Catherine?’ ‘Oh no reason – I’m just curious.’multitude n LDã¾äífíàìWÇL I had never seen such a multitude of stars before.control freak n phr Lâ]åDíê]rä=ÑêáWâL Her husband’s a control freak – he won’t let her leave the house without him.immensely adv LfDãÉåëäáL Champagne wines became immensely popular in the 18th century.immature adj L?fã]Dípr]L He forgave his son’s immature behaviour.lead (sb) astray phr v L?äáWÇ=ë¾ãÄ]Çá=]DëíêÉfL The older boys led him astray and that’s why he got into trouble.

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rebel n LDêÉÄ]äL Alex has always been a bit of a rebel – he’s never wanted to follow in his parents’ footsteps .informed choice n phr Lfå?ÑlWãÇ=DíplfëL Good information is essential if people are to make informed choices about services.struggle v LDëíê¾Ö]äL She’s struggling to bring up a family alone.factual adj LDÑôâípì]äL Try to keep your account of events as factual as possible.rhetorical question n phr Lêf?íflêfâ]ä=DâïÉëíp]åL Politicians often ask rhetorical questions in their speeches.controversial adj L?âflåíê]Dî‰Wp]äL A recent government paper on education contains some controversial new ideas.intensify v LfåDíÉåëfÑ~fL In June the civil war intensified with even more deaths on either side.consequence n LDâflåëfâï]åëL Many believe that poverty is a direct consequence of overpopulation.guidance n LDÖ~fÇ]åëL I went to a counsellor for guidance on my career.belittle v LÄfDäfíäL He tends to belittle her efforts.weigh up phr v L?ïÉf=D¾éL We’re still weighing up the advantages and disadvantages of the two options.take on board v phr L?íÉfâ=flå=DÄlWÇL The school refused to take any of the parents’ criticisms on board.sibling n LDëfÄäfÏL Most young smokers are influenced by their friends’ and older siblings’ smoking habits.unique adj LàìWDåáWâL Each person’s fingerprints are unique.expose v LfâDëé]ròL The report revealed that workers had been exposed to high levels of radiation.child-rearing n LDíp~fäÇ=?êf]êfÏL He doesn’t believe in a soft approach to child-rearing.distinctive adj LÇfDëífÏâífîL Male birds of this species have distinctive blue and yellow markings.inherit v LfåDÜÉêfíL I inherited my mother’s curly hair.rule out phr v L?êìWä=D~ríL The police have ruled out suicide as a reason for his death.engrossed adj LfåDÖê]rëíL Dad was engrossed in the newspaper all morning.inseparable adj LfåDëÉé]ê]Ä]äL Jane and Sarah soon became inseparable companions.enthralled adj LfåDqêlWäÇL The children were enthralled by the story she was telling.devoted adj LÇfDî]rífÇL Isabella was devoted to her brother.resentful adj LêfDòÉåíÑ]äL She felt resentful at not being promoted.tightly-knit adj phr L?í~fíäá=DåfíL A tightly-knit island community.bond n LÄflåÇL The emotional bond between mother and child.extended family n phr LfâDëíÉåÇfÇ=DÑôã]äáL The wedding guests included friends and extended family – my cousins, second cousins, great-uncles and aunts.aspiration n L?ôëé]DêÉfp]åL His aspirations for developing his career are greater than his disabilities.conscientious adj L?âflåpáDÉåp]ëL A conscientious teacher may feel inclined to take work home.conscious adj LDâflåp]ëL The driver was still conscious when the ambulance arrived.fall for phr v LDÑlWä=Ñ]L That was the summer I worked at the fairground, and met and fell for Lucy.get your own way v phr L?ÖÉí=à]ê=]rå=DïÉfL Don’t let the children get their own way all the time – they’ll get spoilt.take after phr v LDíÉfâ=?^WÑí]L Jenny really takes after her mother – even down to the way she walks.see eye to eye v phr L?ëáW=~f=ír=D~fL We didn’t exactly see eye to eye.run in the family v phr L?ê¾å=få=a]=DÑôã]äáL Diabetes appears to run in families.fall out phr v L?ÑlWä=D~ríL Carrie’s always falling out with people.lose touch v phr L?äìWò=Dí¾ípL I lost touch with Julie after we moved.look up to phr v Lärâ=D¾é=í]L I’ve always looked up to Bill for his courage and determination.tenderness n LDíÉåÇ]å]ëL He looked after his wife with infinite care and tenderness.play safe v phr L?éäÉf=DëÉfÑL Play safe and make sure the eggs are thoroughly cooked.identical twins n phr L~f?ÇÉåífâ]ä=DíïfåòL They are identical twins and only their mother can tell them apart.response n LêfDëéflåëL The law was passed in response to public pressure.combination n L?âflãÄfDåÉfp]åL A combination of factors may be responsible for the increase in cancer.perception n Lé]DëÉép]åL My perception of the situation was that John didn’t really know how to react.point out phr v L?élfåí=D~ríL I pointed out that without me they would never have thought of the idea.gene n LÇwáWåL People get their genes from their parents.be open to debate v phr LÄá=?]ré]å=í]=ÇfDÄÉfíL Whether that would have made any difference is open to debate.dietary adj LDÇ~f]í]êáL The dietary guidelines can be achieved by eating more fruit and vegetables.supplement n LDë¾éä]ã]åíL Doctors believe that vitamin supplements are largely unnecessary.mental adj LDãÉåíäL Stress has an effect on both your physical and mental health.premature adj LDéêÉã]íp]I=-ípr]I=?éêÉã]Dípr]L Alcoholism is one of the major causes of premature death.multiple adj LDã¾äífé]äL Baxter was rushed to the hospital with multiple stab wounds.encouraging adj LfåDâ¾ê]ÇwfÏL The encouraging news is that typhoid is on the decrease.uniformly adv LDàìWåfÑlWãäáL The temperature must be uniformly spread throughout the reactor.

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neurologist n LåàrDêflä]ÇwfëíL A consultant neurologist at the hospital.put up with phr v Lérí=D¾é=ïfaL She put up with his violent temper for years – then one day she just left.conflicting adj Lâ]åDÑäfâífÏL I had been given a great deal of conflicting advice.genius n LDÇwáWåá]ëL Freud was a genius.submit v Lë]ÄDãfíL All applications must be submitted by Monday.in-flight adj LDfå=Ñä~fíL What was the in-flight entertainment?remark n LêfDã^WâL I ignored his rude remark about my clothes.colourful adj LDâ¾ä]Ñ]äL Charlie Chaplin had a long and colourful career.in short prep phr Lfå=DplWíL In short, the project is just too expensive.bargain n LDÄ^WÖ]åL That second-hand table was a real bargain.bring out the best in sb v phr L?ÄêfÏ=~rí=a]=DÄÉëí=få=?ë¾ãÄ]ÇáL Coach Ingram always seems to bring out the best in his players.get away from it all v phr LÖÉí=]DïÉf=Ñê]ã=fí=?lWäL Get away from it all in beautiful Hawaii.declare v LÇfDâäÉ]L A state of emergency has been declared.temperament n LDíÉãé]ê]ã]åíL Harry has always had an artistic temperament so it’s no surprise that he became a sculptor.artisan n L?^WífDòôåL The work of a number of artisans was on display; there were pots, baskets, jewellery and leather goods.guardian n LDÖ^WÇá]åL His aunt is his legal guardian.uphold v L¾éDÜ]räÇL A committee that aims to uphold educational standards.solid adj LDëfläfÇL The prosecution in this case has no solid evidence.institution n L?fåëífDíàìWp]åL The scandal threatened to undermine the institution of the Presidency.idealist n L~fDÇf]äfëíL But at heart he remained an idealist about social issues.cooperation n Lâ]r?flé]DêÉfp]åL Burglar alarm companies work in close cooperation with the police.

Module 5globalisation n L?Öä]rÄ]ä~fDòÉfp]åL Globalisation can often lead to the destruction of local customs and cultures.greed n LÖêáWÇL A lot of people are motivated by jealousy and greed.material adj Lã]Díf]êá]äL The spiritual life is more important than material possessions.conservation n L?âflåë]DîÉfp]åL She’s involved in wildlife conservation projects.finite adj LDÑ~få~fíL We must look after the earth’s finite resources.evolve v LfDîfläîL The school has evolved its own style of teaching.urban adj LD‰WÄ]åL There is too much unemployment in urban areas.local n LDä]râ]äL We asked one of the locals to recommend a restaurant.linger v LDäfÏÖ]L They lingered over coffee and missed the last bus.drift by phr v L?ÇêfÑí=DÄ~fL Four years drifted by and I still hadn’t been promoted.haven n LDÜÉfî]åL In the middle of the city, this garden is a haven of tranquillity.frenzy n LDÑêÉåòáL There had been a frenzy of activity in my absence.frenetic adj LÑê]DåÉífâL She rushes from job to job at a frenetic pace.culinary adj LDâ¾äfå]êáL Mint is perhaps the best-known of culinary herbs.roots n pl LêìWíëL Jazz has its roots in the folk songs of the southern states of the US.foster v LDÑflëí]L The bishop helped foster a sense of a community in the village.conviviality n Lâ]å?îfîáDôä]íáL There was a general feeling of conviviality about the place.promotion n Léê]Dã]rp]åL We are planning a winter sales promotion.marginal adj LDã^WÇw]å]äL There has been only a marginal increase in the unemployment figures.concept n LDâflåëÉéíL What’s your concept of an ideal society?come into your own v phr Lâ¾ã=?fåí]=à]ê=D]råL On icy roads, a four-wheel drive vehicle really comes into its own.exalted adj LfÖDòlWäífÇL I felt shy in such exalted company.truffle n LDíê¾Ñ]äL The pheasant was served with a delicious truffle sauce.down-to-earth adj L?Ç~rå=ír=D‰WqL Fran’s a very friendly, down-to-earth person.epitomise v LfDéfí]ã~fòL This building epitomises the spirit of the nineteenth century.seal of approval n phr L?ëáWä=]î=]DéêìWî]äL A number of employers have already given their seal of approval to the scheme.designation n L?ÇÉòfÖDåÉfp]åL The designation of Stansted as the third London airport.manifesto n L?ãôåfDÑÉëí]rL The Labour party is due to publish its manifesto tomorrow.ban v LÄôåL Smoking is banned in the building.lurid adj LDär]êfÇI=Däàr]êfÇL The carpets were a lurid shade of green.fabric n LDÑôÄêfâL I want to buy some fabric to make a skirt.grant v LÖê^WåíL The authorities have refused to grant him a visa to visit the US.

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commercial adj Lâ]Dã‰Wp]äL George failed to see the commercial value of his discovery.real estate n phr LDêf]ä=f?ëíÉfíL There is likely to be a fall in the value of real estate soon.renovation n L?êÉå]DîÉfp]åL Renovation work has been carried out on this beautiful Tudor mansion.processed adj LDéê]rëÉëíL Processed foods may lack the vitamins and minerals found in fresh produce and can be bad for your health.produce n LDéêflÇàìWëL We only buy fresh local produce.regressive adj LêfDÖêÉëfîL Many considered the changes to the welfare laws a regressive step.embrace v LfãDÄêÉfëL Most West European countries have embraced the concept of high-speed rail networks with enthusiasm.turn the clock back v phr L?í‰Wå=a]=Dâäflâ=ÄôâL The new employment bill will turn the clock back fifty years.strike a balance between v phr L?ëíê~fâ=]=DÄôä]åë=ÄfíïáWåL He was finding it difficult to strike a balance between his family and his work.curb v Lâ‰WÄL The city is trying new measures to curb pollution.noise pollution n phr LDålfò=é]?äìWp]åL Research has revealed links between noise pollution and mental health.thwart v LqïlWíL Fierce opposition thwarted the government’s plans.high spirits n phr L?Ü~f=DëéfêfíëL It was a bright sunny day and we set off in high spirits.core n LâlWL The core of the book focuses on the period between 1660 and 1857.trend n LíêÉåÇL Lately there has been a trend towards hiring younger, cheaper employees.deference n LDÇÉÑ]ê]åëL Lewis was annoyed that Adam did not show enough respect and deference to him.gulp down phr v L?Ö¾äé=DÇ~råL She gulped down her breakfast and ran for the bus.sip v LëféL She was sitting at the table sipping her coffee.crusade n LâêìWDëÉfÇL He seems to be running a one-man crusade against cigarette smoking.rearguard action n phr L?êf]Ö^WÇ=Dôâp]åL They have been fighting a rearguard action to stop a supermarket being built on the land.cotton on phr v L?âflíå=DflåL It took me a while to cotton on.displace v LÇfëDéäÉfëL Coal has been displaced by natural gas as a major source of energy.droves n pl LÇê]rîòL Tourists come in droves to see the White House.implement v LDfãéä]ãÉåíL We have decided to implement the committee’s recommendations in full.pedestrian n Lé]DÇÉëíêá]åL Banning traffic from the shopping areas has made life much more pleasant for pedestrians.aesthetic adj LáWëDqÉífâI=Éë-L From an aesthetic point of view, it’s a nice design.hospitality n L?Üflëé]Díôä]íáL Thanks for your hospitality over the past few weeks.front n LÑê¾åíL He joined the army, and was immediately sent to the front.battle n LDÄôíäL The Battle of Trafalgar.certification n Lë]?ífÑfDâÉfp]åL We successfully completed the certification for open water diving.hectic adj LDÜÉâífâL I’ve had a pretty hectic day.bureaucratic adj L?Äàr]ê]DâêôífâL The procedure for getting funding approval is so bureaucratic!recast v L?êáWDâ^WëíL We made an attempt to recast the statement in less formal language.swim against the tide v phr L?ëïfã=]ÖÉåëí=a]=Dí~fÇL He’s been swimming against the tide for most of his years in office.deputy n LDÇÉéàríáL He became the deputy head of the FBI at the age of only thirty-six.administer v L]ÇDãfåfëí]L Our office administers the affairs of the Society.equality n LfDâïflä]íáL All people have the right to equality of opportunity.proceed v Léê]DëáWÇL Before proceeding further, we must define our terms.provoke v Léê]Dî]râL The dog would not have attacked if it hadn’t been provoked.censor v LDëÉåë]L The information given to the press was carefully censored by the Ministry of Defence.bar v LÄ^WL They seized his passport and barred him from leaving the country.carry off phr v L?âôêá=DflÑL I was flattered to be offered the job but wasn’t sure if I could carry it off.crack down phr v L?âêôâ=DÇ~råL The government is determined to crack down on terrorism.slice v Lëä~fëL Slice up the onions and add them to the meat.lifelong adj LDä~fÑäflÏL She became a lifelong friend of ours.injustice n LfåDÇw¾ëífëL He had developed a deep sense of social injustice.outlive v L~ríDäfîL She outlived her husband by twenty years.munch v Lã¾åípL Barry sat munching on an apple.suck v Lë¾âL Michael put the cigarette to his lips and sucked in the smoke.swig v LëïfÖL He sat swigging beer and smoking.wolf down phr v L?ïräÑ=DÇ~råL I wolfed down my lunch.nibble v LDåfÄ]äL He nibbled the biscuit cautiously.pick at phr v LDéfâ=]íL Paige could only pick at her meal, forcing down a mouthful or two.guzzle v LDÖ¾ò]äL They’ve been guzzling beer all evening.

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chew v LípìWL This meat’s so tough I can hardly chew it!drain v LÇêÉfåL Mary drained her mug in one gulp.swallow v LDëïflä]rL He swallowed the last of his coffee and asked for the bill.slogan n LDëä]rÖ]åL We tried to think of a good advertising slogan.plain sailing n phr L?éäÉfå=DëÉfäfÏL If you can answer the first question, the rest of the test should be plain sailing.accusation n L?ôâàrDòÉfp]åL A number of serious accusations have been made against her.manufacturer n L?ãôåàrDÑôâíp]ê]L Read the manufacturer’s instructions before using your new dishwasher.developing country n phr LÇf?îÉä]éfÏ=Dâ¾åíêáL We must continue to send aid to developing countries.violation n L?î~f]DäÉfp]åL Any further fighting will be seen as a violation of the ceasefire agreement.code of conduct n phr L?â]rÇ=]î=DâflåÇ¾âíL Karate has a very strict code of conduct.project v Léê]DÇwÉâí I hope the team will project a smart, professional image.glossy adj LDÖäflëáL There was a stack of glossy magazines on the coffee table.indigenous adj LfåDÇfÇw]å]ëL Blueberries are indigenous to America.capital n LDâôéfíäL The government is eager to attract foreign capital.mount v Lã~råíL The National Gallery mounted an exhibition of Danish painting.disallow v L?Çfë]Dä~rL Manchester United had a goal disallowed for being offside.comprehensive adj L?âflãéêfDÜÉåëfîL We offer our customers a comprehensive range of financial products.inclusive adj LfåDâäìWëfîL At a cost of twenty-five Euros per person per night inclusive, bed and breakfast accommodation is fairly cheap.inflate v LfåDÑäÉfíL Hotels often inflate prices at particular times of the year.on the contrary conj Lflå=a]=Dâflåíê]êáL It wasn’t a good thing; on the contrary it was a huge mistake.poll n Lé]räL The latest public opinion poll showed that twenty percent of us consider ourselves superstitious.draw up phr v L?ÇêlW…D¾éL Draw up a list of all the things you want to do.bitterly adv LDÄfí]äáL He complained bitterly about his poor exam grades.tedious adj LDíáWÇá]ëL The work of addressing hundreds of envelopes was tiring and tedious.irate adj L~fDêÉfíL There’s another irate customer demanding to see the manager.incomprehensible adj Lfå?âflãéêfDÜÉåë]Ä]äL I find your attitude quite incomprehensible.itinerary n L~fDífå]ê]êáL His itinerary would take him from Bordeaux to Budapest.formation n LÑlWDãÉfp]åL You can’t leave without seeing the canyon’s impressive rock formations.aboriginal adj L?ôÄ]DêfÇw]å]äL As far as we could determine, there is only one aboriginal culture in the area that still survives.litter n LDäfí]L People who drop litter can be fined in some cities.contribute v Lâ]åDíêfÄàìWíL Alcohol contributes to 100,000 deaths a year in the US.resource n LêfDòlWëL Canada is a country with vast natural mineral resources.pest n LéÉëíL Farmers often use chemicals to kill the pests which eat their crops.resistant adj LêfDòfëí]åíL More and more viruses are becoming resistant to antibiotics.bio-degradable adj L?Ä~f]r=ÇfDÖêÉfÇ]Ä]äL This carton is made of a bio-degradable material so is friendly to the environment.bio-diversity n L?Ä~f]r=Ç~fDî‰Wë]íáI=Çf-L The bio-diversity of the rainforest.greenhouse gas n phr LDÖêáWåÜ~rë=?ÖôëL Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas which is thought to contribute to global warming.contaminate v Lâ]åDíôãfåÉfíL Drinking water supplies are believed to have been contaminated.deforestation n LÇáW?Ñflê]DëíÉfp]åL Deforestation has been shown to cause floods and drought.dispose of phr v LÇfDëé]rò=]îL This incinerator was built to dispose of toxic waste.dump v LÇ¾ãéL Ellie dumped all the photos of her ex-husband in the dustbin.give off phr v L?Öfî=DflÑL The wood gave off a sweet, perfumed smell as it burned.emit v LfDãfíL The kettle emitted a shrill whistle.carbon dioxide n phr L?â^WÄ]å=Ç~fDflâë~fÇL The carbon dioxide in our atmosphere is causing the earth to heat up.toxic adj LDíflâëfâL Toxic chemicals were spilled into the river.fumes n pl LÑàìWãòL A strong smell of paint fumes filled the studio.hazard n LDÜôò]ÇL Polluted water sources are a hazard to wildlife.nutrition n LåàìWDíêfp]åL Nutrition and exercise are essential to fitness and health.incinerate v LfåDëfå]êÉfíL All the infected clothing was incinerated.famine n LDÑôãfåL Millions of people in Africa continue to die because of war and famine.drought n LÇê~ríL Central Africa is suffering one of the worst droughts of the century.pesticide n LDéÉëífë~fÇL Many pests have developed resistance to the most commonly used pesticides.trigger v LDíêfÖ]L Certain forms of mental illness can be triggered by food allergies.wipe out phr v L?ï~fé=D~ríL Whole villages were wiped out by the floods.

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conventional adj Lâ]åDîÉåp]å]äL Internet connections through conventional phone lines are fairly slow.tamper with phr v LDíôãé]=ïfaL He noticed that the instruments had been tampered with.make out phr v L?ãÉfâ=D~ríL The situation was never as bad as the media made out.precaution n LéêfDâlWp]åL The climbers didn’t take the necessary precautions before climbing the mountain.blizzard n LDÄäfò]ÇL The blizzard lasted three days and nobody was able to leave their houses.stock n LëíflâL He keeps a stock of medicines in the cupboard.batter v LDÄôí]L The little boat was battered by the storm.postpone v Lé]rëDé]råL The match had to be postponed until next week.refuge n LDêÉÑàìWÇwL During the frequent air-raids, people took refuge in their cellars.stationary adj LDëíÉfp]å]êáL How did you manage to drive into a stationary vehicle?indicate v LDfåÇfâÉfíL Research indicates that over eighty-one percent of teachers are dissatisfied with their salary.circulation n L?ë‰WâàrDäÉfp]åL Passengers on long-haul flights should do stretching exercises to help their blood circulation.urge v L‰WÇwL I got a note from Moira urging me to get in touch.rattle v LDêôíäL The window rattled in the wind.avalanche n LDôî]ä^WåpL Two skiers were killed in the avalanche.hailstone n LDÜÉfäëí]råL Some people claimed to have seen hailstones the size of tennis balls.descendant n LÇfDëÉåÇ]åíL The coastal areas were occupied by the descendants of Greek colonists.erect v LfDêÉâíL Police have erected barriers across the main roads into the town.deteriorate v LÇfDíf]êá]êÉfíL Ethel’s health has deteriorated in recent years.prosecute v LDéêflëfâàìWíL Shoplifters will be prosecuted.vacate v Lî]DâÉfíI=îÉf-L Guests must vacate their rooms by eleven o’clock.lout n Lä~ríL Only a lout would treat a woman that way.vivid adj LDîfîfÇL I’ve got vivid memories of that summer.spark off phr v L?ëé^Wâ=DflÑL The riots were sparked off by police violence.cast v Lâ^WëíL There’s a trick to casting your line properly.bait n LÄÉfíL We used worms as bait.pushover n LDérp?]rî]L Don’t worry about the exam tomorrow – it’ll be a pushover.personify v Lé]DëflåfÑ~fL Carter personifies the values of self-reliance and hard work.go broke v phr L?Ö]r=DÄê]râL A lot of small businesses went broke in the recession.do (sb) out of phr v L?ÇìW…ë¾ãÄ]Çá=D~rí=]îL Are you trying to do me out of a job?outdo v L~ríDÇìWL When it comes to speed of response, a small firm can outdo a big company.do up phr v L?ÇìW=D¾éL They did up an old cottage in the Scottish Highlands.ample adj LDôãé]äL You’ll have ample time for questions later.lavish adj LDäôîfpL The bathroom was decorated in lavish style with gold bath fittings.vital adj LDî~fíäL The work she does is absolutely vital for the success of this company.inhale v LfåDÜÉfäL Myra lit another cigarette and inhaled deeply.assassinate v L]Dëôë]åÉfíL They suspected a plot to assassinate the President.eradicate v LfDêôÇfâÉfíL We can eradicate this disease from the world.consume v Lâ]åDëàìWãL Alcohol may not be consumed on the premises.obesity n L]rDÄáWë]íáL Obesity can lead to heart disorders and other health problems.concerted effort n phr Lâ]å?ë‰WífÇ=DÉÑ]íL Libraries have made a concerted effort to attract young people.immigration n L?fãfDÖêÉfp]åL He called for a common European policy on immigration.

Module 6cue n LâàìWL Our success was the cue for other companies to press ahead with new investment.cohesion n Lâ]rDÜáWw]åL The article comments on the lack of cohesion and commitment within the administration.millennium n LãfDäÉåá]ãL The beginning of a new millennium.pessimistic adj L?éÉë]DãfëífâL Don't be too pessimistic – we may still win the game.reverse v LêfDî‰WëL More changes are required to reverse the trend towards centralised power.sector n LDëÉâí]L The growth in the number of home computers has boosted the electronics sector.potential adj Lé]DíÉåp]äL The management need to think of new ways of attracting potential customers.life expectancy n phr L?ä~fÑ=fâDëéÉâí]åëáL The life expectancy of animals in captivity varies from fifty percent to seventy-five percent of their natural life span.conceal v Lâ]åDëáWäL She tried to conceal the fact that she was pregnant.short cut n phr L?plWí=Dâ¾íI=DplWí=â¾íL There aren’t really any shortcuts to learning English.prospect n LDéêflëéÉâíL Job prospects for graduates don’t look good.

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medication n L?ãÉÇfDâÉfp]åL He’s on medication for high blood pressure.far-fetched adj L?Ñ^W=DÑÉípíL All this may sound a bit far-fetched, but companies are already developing ‘intelligent’ homes.laser vision n phr L?äÉfò]=Dîfw]åL With his laser vision Superman could see through any solid material except lead.genre n LDwflåê]L Science fiction as a genre is relatively new.flight of fancy n phr L?Ñä~fí=]î=DÑôåëáL There are some strange flights of fancy in his book, as well as some extremely down to earth observations.lecturer n LDäÉâíp]ê]L He is a lecturer in medieval studies at Edinburgh University.the norm n phr La]=DålWãL Short term contracts are now the norm in some big companies.be around phr v LÄá=]Dê~råÇL That joke’s been around for years.(not) hold out much hope v phr L(?åflí)‘Ü]räÇ=~rí=ã¾íp=DÜ]réL Negotiators aren’t holding out much hope of a peaceful settlement.startling adj LDëí^WíäfÏL Paddy’s words had a startling effect on the children.vastly adv LDî^WëíäáL This book is vastly superior to his last one.evidence n LDÉîfÇ]åëL At present we have no evidence of life on other planets.unattainable adj L?¾å]DíÉfå]Ä]äL A military victory is unattainable.notion n LDå]rp]åL The notion that children should be ‘seen and not heard’ is outdated in modern society.cure n Lâàr]L There is still no cure for AIDS.pump into phr v L?é¾ãé=Dfåí]L Measures to save the airline failed when the shareholders refused to pump any more money into it.reinforce v L?êáWfåDÑlWëL The film reinforces the idea that women should be pretty and dumb.replicate v LDêÉéäfâÉfíL There is a need for further research to replicate these findings.vice-chairman n phr L?î~fë=DípÉ]ã]åL Potts was appointed vice-chairman of the education committee.shiny adj LDp~fåáL She wore a fashionable jacket and high shiny boots.baldness n LDÄlWäÇå]ëL Dad was embarrassed about his baldness and always wore a hat when he went out.short-sightedness n phr L?plWí=Dë~fífÇå]ëL Her short-sightedness meant that she had to wear glasses to read the paper.apply v L]Déä~fL Apply the cream evenly over the skin.treatment n LDíêáWíã]åíL There have been great advances in the treatment of cancer.strikingly adv LDëíê~fâfÏäáL The two experiments produced strikingly different results.pinpoint v LDéfåélfåíL It’s difficult to pinpoint the cause of the accident.merge v Lã‰WÇwL The villages have grown and merged together over the years.melting pot n phr LDãÉäífÏ=éflíL New York has always been the ultimate melting pot of races and nationalities.escalate v LDÉëâ]äÉfíL Tension is escalating and the two sides are preparing for war.facial adj LDÑÉfp]äL Victor’s facial expression didn’t change.geneticist n LÇw]DåÉí]ëfëíL Geneticists are investigating hereditary diseases.insight n LDfåë~fíL The article gives us a real insight into the causes of the present economic crisis.shade n LpÉfÇL In the autumn, the woods are full of countless shades of brown, yellow and orange.complexion n Lâ]ãDéäÉâp]åL Drinking lots of water is good for the complexion.wrinkle n LDêfÏâ]äL Old Mrs Abbot had twinkling eyes which were surrounded by a network of tiny wrinkles.meticulous adj Lã]Dífâàrä]ëL The book describes his journey in meticulous detail.sunscreen n LDë¾åëâêáWåL Whatever your skin type, do use a high-factor sunscreen and reapply it frequently.corporation n L?âlWé]DêÉfp]åL He works for a large American corporation.work on phr v LDï‰Wâ=flåL He has spent the last two years working on a book about childcare.tissue n LDífpìWI=-ëàìWL A biopsy of the stomach tissue detected the presence of a viral infection.face-lift n phr LDÑÉfë=äfÑíL She must have had half a dozen face-lifts by now.cosmetic surgery n phr Lâflò?ãÉífâ=Dë‰WÇw]êáL I have seen a lot of people who look extremely odd after having cosmetic surgery.laser treatment n phr LDäÉfò]=?íêáWíã]åíL She had laser treatment to remove a large mole on her leg.spectacles n pl LDëéÉâí]â]äòL Grandfather took off his spectacles and closed his book.epidemic n L?ÉéfDÇÉãfâL Britain is suffering an epidemic of petty crime.proportion n Léê]DélWp]åL Try to reduce your tasks to more manageable proportions.contact lens n phr LDâflåíôâí=äÉåòL Jamie started wearing contact lenses because the other kids teased him about his glasses.preventive adj LéêfDîÉåífîL While travelling abroad, take preventive measures to avoid illness.at will prep phr L]í=DïfäL He can’t just fire people at will, can he?transplant n LDíêôåëéä^WåíL Heart transplant surgery has come a long way in the last ten years.clone v Lâä]råL The process allowed Scottish scientists to clone the sheep named Dolly.install v LfåDëílWäL Security cameras have been installed in the city centre.debt n LÇÉíL He had enough money to pay off his father’s outstanding debts.apparatus n L?ôé]DêÉfí]ëL Astronauts have special breathing apparatus.

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innovation n L?få]DîÉfp]åL Innovations in information technology have completely transformed the way students work.narcolepsy n LDå^Wâ]äÉéëáL Narcolepsy is attributed to a genetic cause. disorder n LÇfëDlWÇ]L He suffers from a rare disorder of the liver.side effect n phr LDë~fÇ=f?ÑÉâíL Possible side effects of the treatment include nausea and diarrhoea.insufficient adj L?fåë]DÑfp]åíL Insufficient resources have been devoted to the health service.trial n LDíê~f]äL a new drug that is undergoing clinical trials.atom n LDôí]ãL Water is formed from two atoms of hydrogen and one of oxygen.DNA n L?ÇáW=Éå=DÉfL The men will undergo voluntary DNA testing of their saliva.splice v Lëéä~fëL We saved the broken pieces and spliced them together.test-tube baby n phr L?íÉëí=íàìWÄ=DÄÉfÄáL Are we to understand you have made a test-tube baby?coin the term v phr L?âlfå=a]=Dí‰WãL It was he who coined the term ‘anorexia’.stressed out adj phr L?ëíêÉëí=D~ríL She always gets stressed out at exam time.replace v LêfDéäÉfëL Two of the tyres had to be replaced.worn adj LïlWåL We used to cut up worn blankets to make sleeping bags for the children.antioxidant n L?ôåíáDflâëfÇ]åíL Olive oil contains many powerful protective antioxidants.unscrupulous adj L¾åDëâêìWéàrä]ëL Isn’t it time we did something to protect the elderly from unscrupulous business people?at ease prep phr L]í=DáWòL They always looked happy and at ease together as a couple.dip n LÇféL Are you coming in for a dip?strenuous adj LDëíêÉåàr]ëL The doctor advised Ken to avoid strenuous exercise.state-of-the-art adj phr L?ëíÉfí=]î=aá=D^WíL His new laptop is state-of-the-art.unveil v L¾åDîÉfäL The club has unveiled plans to build a new stadium.origin n LDflê]ÇwfåL There have been several different theories which attempt to explain the origins of the universe.domestic adj LÇ]DãÉëífâL Cats are the only so-called domestic animals which ultimately have remained wild.fossil n LDÑflë]äL Several dinosaur fossils were found in Montana.companion n Lâ]ãDéôåà]åL His dog became his closest companion.stimulate v LDëífãàräÉfíL Her interest in art was stimulated by her father.involve v LfåDîfläîL We want to involve the workforce at all stages of the decision-making process.fed up adj phr L?ÑÉÇ=D¾éL She felt tired and a bit fed up.put sb off phr v L?érí=ë¾ãÄ]Çá=DflÑL Don’t let the restaurant’s decor put you off – the food is really good.admission fee n phr L]ÇDãfp]å=ÑáWL I was annoyed that I had to pay an admission fee as I am a member of the club.exhibit n LfÖDòfÄfíL The exhibits date back to the 17th century.attendant n L]DíÉåÇ]åíL The car park attendant told me there weren’t any spaces left.curator n LâàrDêÉfí]L Michael is the mammal curator at the Los Angeles Zoo.brochure n LDÄê]rp]I=-pr]L Could you please send us one of your holiday brochures?wander v LDïflåÇ]L For an hour and a half we wandered around the old city, enjoying the sights and sounds of a traditional way of life.trudge v Líê¾ÇwL We trudged home through the snow.stride v Lëíê~fÇL Brian strode out of the room without speaking.vintage adj LDîfåífÇwL He collects vintage cars.hire v LÜ~f]L The best way to explore the island is to hire a car.interactive adj L?fåí]êDôâífîL The museum features interactive exhibits.hands-on adj phr L?ÜôåÇò=DflåL He has a very hands-on approach to management.not bothered adj phr L?åflí=DÄfla]ÇL ‘What film do you want to see?’ ‘I’m not bothered.’abolish v L]DÄfläfpL Slavery was abolished in the United States in the 19th century.trace v LíêÉfëL They’ve traced their ancestry back to the 16th century.burial n LDÄÉêá]äL After the burial ceremony relatives and friends were invited back to the family home.breakthrough n LDÄêÉfâqêìWL Scientists have made a major breakthrough in the treatment of cancer.hang on sth phr v LDÜôÏ=flå=?ë¾ãqfÏL Everything hangs on the outcome of this meeting.at first sight prep phr L]í=?Ñ‰Wëí=Dë~fíL At first sight, the place seemed deserted.will n LïfäL Have you made a will yet?misleading adj LãfëDäáWÇfÏL The article was misleading, and the newspaper has apologised.trail n LíêÉfäL The hunters lost the tiger’s trail in the middle of the jungle.substitute n LDë¾ÄëífíàìWíL I always use a sugar substitute in my coffee.enquiring adj LfåDâï~f]êfÏL She raised an enquiring eyebrow towards Mary.contemplate v LDâflåí]ãéäÉfíL Did you ever contemplate resigning?

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yearn v Là‰WåL Helen yearned for a child.investigation n Lfå?îÉëífDÖÉfp]åL The investigation continued for nearly three years.moan v Lã]råL ‘I feel seasick already,’ she moaned.island-hopping n phr LD~fä]åÇ=?ÜfléfÏL Many tourists enjoy island-hopping around the Cyclades islands.hitch a ride v phr L?Üfíp=]=Dê~fÇL We hitched a ride with a lorry driver.cargo n LDâ^WÖ]rL A ship carrying a cargo of oil has sunk.bill sth as sth v phr LDÄfä=?ë¾ãqfÏ=]ò=ë¾ãqfÏL The castle bills itself as the oldest in England.dungeon n LDÇ¾åÇw]åL A narrow stairwell wound like a corkscrew into the dungeons of the castle.simulate v LDëfãàräÉfíL This machine can simulate conditions in space.recall v LêfDâlWäL You don’t happen to recall his name, do you?atrocity n L]Díêflë]íáL The brutal destruction of an entire village was one of the worst atrocities of the Vietnam war.unravel v L¾åDêôî]äL Detectives are still trying to unravel the mystery surrounding his death.behead v LÄfDÜÉÇL Charles I was beheaded in 1649.boil v LÄlfäL Boil the rice for fifteen minutes.disposition n L?Çfëé]Dòfp]åL The film is not suitable for people of a nervous disposition.unaccompanied adj L?¾å]Dâ¾ãé]åáÇL Unaccompanied children are not allowed on the premises.hot spring n phr L?Üflí=DëéêfÏL The geysers and hot springs in Yellowstone Park are very impressive.gallon n LDÖôä]åL The car does about fifty miles to the gallon.flourish v LDÑä¾êfpL The economy is booming and small businesses are flourishing.remains n pl LêfDãÉfåòL On the table were the remains of the evening meal.sculpture n LDëâ¾äéíp]L In the village square there was a large sculpture of an elephant.idiosyncratic adj L?fÇá]ëfåDâêôífâL The English language is quite idiosyncratic.to such an extent phr Lí]=?ë¾íp=]å=fâDëíÉåíL Her condition deteriorated to such an extent that a blood transfusion was considered necessary.marvel v LDã^Wî]äL ‘The man is a genius,’ marvelled Claire.council n LDâ~råë]äL He sent a letter to the council to complain about the noise.artefact n LD^WífÑôâíL Many artefacts decorated in this way have been found in royal tombs on the mainland.stuffed adj Lëí¾ÑíL Nailed on the walls were rows and rows of stuffed animal heads.aquarium n L]DâïÉ]êá]ãL Have you visited the tropical aquarium at the zoo?unnerving adj L?¾åDå‰WîfÏL It was an unnerving experience.virtual adj LDî‰Wípì]äL The website allows you to take a virtual tour of the art gallery.finicky adj LDÑfåfâáL She’s very finicky about what she eats.stroll v Lëíê]räL They strolled along the riverbank, enjoying the evening sun.depreciate v LÇfDéêáWpáÉfíL New cars depreciate in value quickly.repeal v LêfDéáWäL Congress repealed the ban on women flying naval combat missions.overturn v L?]rî]Dí‰WåL His conviction was overturned by the Court of Appeal.thesis n LDqáWëfëL Their main thesis was that the rise in earnings was due to improvements in education.relic n LDêÉäfâL Roman relics found in a field.solitary adj LDëflä]í]êáL Ed enjoys the solitary life of a rancher.space shuttle n phr LDëéÉfë=?p¾íäL I realised what it was: a space shuttle entering the atmosphere on its final run-in to earth.Mercury n LDã‰WâàrêáL The temperatures on Mercury are phenomenally high.treacherous adj LDíêÉíp]ê]ëL Strong winds and loose rocks made climbing treacherous.polar adj LDé]rä]L As our climate warms up, the polar ice caps will begin to melt.hull n LÜ¾äL The hull of this ship was built to withstand all kinds of damage.sounding weights n phr LDë~råÇfÏ=ïÉfíëL The researchers used sounding weights to assess the depth of the lake.minute adj Lã~fDåàìWíL You only need a minute amount.sediment n LDëÉÇfã]åíL There was a thick layer of sediment at the bottom of the wine barrel.

Module 7break the mould v phr L?ÄêÉfâ=a]=Dã]räÇL He tried to break the mould of British politics with his radical approach.motivation n L?ã]rífDîÉfp]åL Jack is an intelligent pupil, but he lacks motivation.element n LDÉä]ã]åíL There is an element of truth in your argument.against the odds phr L]?ÖÉåëí=aáÅDflÇòL The hospital’s director has been battling against the odds to improve patient care.demon n LDÇáWã]åL He was speeding down the motorway as if pursued by a demon.row v Lê]rL She rowed across the lake.solo adj LDë]rä]rL Ridgeway’s solo voyage across the Atlantic.

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oarsman n LDlWòã]åL I watched as the boat, propelled by a solitary oarsman, turned almost directly in front of me.contrary wind n phr L?âflåíê]êá=DïfåÇL A contrary wind prevented us from setting off.tide n Lí~fÇL Strong tides make swimming dangerous.engulf v LfåDÖ¾äÑL The building was engulfed in flames.hold a course v phr L?Ü]räÇ=]=DâlWëL Despite the bad weather the ship held its course.TRUE adv LíêìWL The hunter’s spear flew straight and true and struck the antelope in its side.eccentric adj LfâDëÉåíêfâL Peter’s eccentric behaviour lost him his job.splash about phr v L?ëéäôp=]DÄ~ríL The children were splashing about in the pool.slender adj LDëäÉåÇ]L We had to make the most of our rather slender resources.pursuit n Lé]DëàìWíL The pursuit of liberty and happiness.score a first v phr L?ëâlWê=]=DÑ‰WëíL She scored a first with her book on the history of women’s involvement in the field of anthropology.tick off phr v L?ífâÅDflÑL Have you ticked Kate’s name off the list?plug on phr v L?éä¾ÖÅDflåL Julia plugged on with the endless exam papers.a small fortune n phr L]=?ëãlWä=DÑlWíp]åL My first painting sold for £25, a small fortune then for an art student.inform v LfåDÑlWãL Her experience as a refugee informs the content of her latest novel.do or die v phr L?ÇìW=lW=DÇ~fL I told Richard he would fail the examination, but he said he would do or die.quest n LâïÉëíL World leaders are now united in their quest for peace.shallow adj LDpôä]rL If he’s only interested in your looks, that shows how shallow he is.ultimately adv LD¾äífã]íäáL Ultimately, the decision rests with the child’s parents.grip v LÖêféL It’s a story that really grips you.spare v LëéÉ]L I wanted to spare them the trouble of buying me a present.contented adj Lâ]åDíÉåífÇL I felt warm, cosy and contented.beside the point phr LÄf?ë~fÇ=a]=DélfåíL Yes, he’s a very charming young man, but that’s beside the point.compulsion n Lâ]ãDé¾äp]åL The desire to laugh became a compulsion.academic adj L?ôâ]DÇÉãfâL The study of art as an academic discipline.primitive adj LDéêfã]ífîL The primitive instinct of survival.dominance n LDÇflãfå]åëL Television’s dominance over other media.bully v LDÄräáL A group of girls would bully the younger kids, and force them to give up their pocket money.tempt fate v phr L?íÉãéí=DÑÉfíL You are tempting fate by building your house so close to the river.prove yourself v phr LDéêìWî=à]?ëÉäÑL When I first started this job, I felt I had to prove myself.come down to phr v Lâ¾ã=DÇ~rå=í]L It all comes down to money in the end.keep faith v phr L?âáWé=DÑÉfqL The military regime has not kept faith with its promises of democratic reform.diversion n LÇ~fDî‰Wp]åI=Çf-L Everybody needs a diversion, and basketball is mine.dismiss v LÇfëDãfëL The government has dismissed criticisms that the country’s health policy is a mess.macho adj LDãôíp]rL He’s sick of being cast as the hard macho man in films.posturing n LDéflëíp]êfÏL Ken’s muscular posturing in front of the mirror is making me sick.preserve n LéêfDò‰WîL Banking used to be a male preserve.threshold n LDqêÉpÜ]räÇI=-p]räÇL William has a very high threshold for pain.thrive on phr v LDqê~fî=flåL I wouldn’t want that much pressure, but she seems to thrive on it.allure n L]Däàr]L She could never resist the allure of foreign travel.shudder at v phr LDp¾Ç]ê=]íL He shuddered at the thought of the conflict ahead.spare a thought for v phr L?ëéÉ]ê=]=DqlWí=Ñ]L Spare a thought for those who don’t have enough to eat.haunt v LÜlWåíL Clare was haunted by the fear that her husband would have an accident.miscalculate v L?ãfëDâôäâàräÉfíL We miscalculated how long it would take to get there.tolerate v LDíflä]êÉfíL I couldn’t tolerate the long hours you work.abandon v L]DÄôåÇ]åL They abandoned their attempt to recapture the castle.worthwhile adj L?ï‰WqDï~fäL He wanted to do a worthwhile job.relate v LêfDäÉfíL Laurie finds it difficult to relate to children.courageous adj Lâ]DêÉfÇw]ëL He was wrong, and courageous enough to admit it.admiration n L?ôÇã]DêÉfp]åL Daniel gazed at her in admiration.come to terms with v phr L?â¾ã=í]=Dí‰Wãò=ïfaL George and Elizabeth have come to terms with the fact that they will never have children.reckless adj LDêÉâä]ëL He was accused of causing death by reckless driving.summit n LDë¾ãfíL Many people have now reached the summit of Mount Everest.burning adj LDÄ‰WåfÏL My burning ambition is to be world champion.

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give in to phr v L?Öfî=Dfå=í]L The government refused to give in to the terrorists’ demands.defeat v LÇfDÑáWíL I refuse to let this setback defeat me; I’m more determined than ever to succeed.calculated risk n phr L?âôäâàräÉfífÇ=DêfëâL The police took a calculated risk in releasing the offender.risk life and limb v phr L?êfëâ=ä~fÑ=]å=DäfãL Why risk life and limb jumping out of a plane just to raise money for charity?vaccination n L?îôâë]DåÉfp]åL Have you had all your vaccinations?measles n LDãáWò]äòL He had poor sight following a very bad attack of measles.disability n L?Çfë]DÄfä]íáL Public places are becoming more accessible to people with disabilities.encounter v LfåDâ~råí]L They encountered serious problems when two members of the expedition were injured.unconventional adj L?¾åâ]åDîÉåp]å]äL Her unconventional opinions finally cost her her job.the foreseeable future phr La]=ÑlW?ëáW]Ä]ä=DÑàìWíp]L The situation is likely to continue for the foreseeable future.stationery n LDëíÉfp]å]êáL They sell paper, pens and all kinds of stationery in their shop.complementary medicine n phr L?âflãéä]ãÉåí]êá=DãÉÇë]åL Acupuncture and other complementary medicines are becoming more and more popular.heel n LÜáWäL She wore black boots with high heels. My heel is very sore from wearing these new shoes.heal v LÜáWäL It took three months for my arm to heal properly.idle adj LD~fÇäL The farmer cannot afford to leave his land lying idle. What an idle boy you are!miner n LDã~få]L A strike by coal miners.minor n LDã~få]L Minors are not allowed into this bar.split up phr v L?ëéäfí=D¾éL She split up with her boyfriend two days ago.mnemonic n Lå]DãflåfâL He talked about the effective use of mnemonics to improve memory.triumph v LDíê~f]ãÑL In the end, good shall triumph over evil.prejudice n LDéêÉÇw]ÇfëL Women still face prejudice in the workplace.wrap v LêôéL The present was beautifully wrapped in gold paper.reconciliation n L?êÉâ]åëfäáDÉfp]åL A large group of demonstrators stayed up all night praying for reconciliation between the two countries.settler n LDëÉíä]L Many of the earliest settlers here died from disease and hunger.role model n phr LDê]rä=?ãflÇäL I want to be a positive role model for my sister.weigh down phr v L?ïÉf=DÇ~råL He felt weighed down by his responsibilities.concede v Lâ]åDëáWÇL In May 1949, Stalin conceded defeat and reopened land access to Berlin.mutually adv LDãàìWípì]äáL We eventually arrived at a figure that was mutually agreeable to both parties.hospitable adj LDÜflëéfí]Ä]äI=ÜflDëéf-L The local people were very kind and hospitable.kick the habit v phr L?âfâ=a]=DÜôÄfíL The new treatment has already helped hundreds of smokers to kick the habit.obsessive adj L]ÄDëÉëfîL He has an obsessive concern with cleanliness and order.do sth to excess v phr L?ÇìW=ë¾ãqfÏ=ír=fâDëÉëL Drinking alcohol is alright as long as you don’t do it to excess.needless adj LDåáWÇä]ëL The report caused needless anxiety to women who have attended the clinic.purchase n LDé‰Wíp]ëL She paid for her purchases and left.desert v LÇfDò‰WíL Helen was deserted by her husband.deceitful adj LÇfDëáWíÑ]äL His manner was sly and deceitful.apprehensive adj L?ôéêfDÜÉåëfîL We’d been a little apprehensive about their visit.stunned adj Lëí¾åÇL He looked completely stunned.elated adj LfDäÉfífÇL He felt elated and mildly drunk.dejected adj LÇfDÇwÉâífÇL Sad and dejected, he turned and left.prey on your mind v phr L?éêÉf=flå=à]=Dã~fåÇL Finally, she broached the subject that had been preying on her mind for days.be a weight off your mind v phr LÄá=]=?ïÉfí=flÑ=à]=Dã~fåÇL When we finally manage to sell the house it will be a weight off my mind.be over the moon v phr LÄá=?]rî]=a]=DãìWåL She’s over the moon about her new job.adapt v L]DÇôéíL The children are finding it hard to adapt to the new school.milestone n LDã~fäëí]råL The agreement was a milestone in the two countries’ relations.conqueror n LDâflÏâ]ê]L The Norman conquerors arrived in England in 1066.bitter adj LDÄfí]L Enjoy the beer’s bitter taste as you slowly drink it.monk n Lã¾ÏâL He was in his mid-thirties, tall and thin, with searching eyes and hair cropped like a Buddhist monk.acclaimed adj L]DâäÉfãÇL The book has been widely acclaimed by teachers and pupils.distinct adj LÇfDëífÏâíL The outline of the ship became more distinct as we got closer.anti-social adj L?ôåíá=Dë]rp]äL Smoking is an anti-social habit.trance n Líê^WåëL She went into a deep hypnotic trance.distract v LÇfDëíêôâíL Try not to distract the other students by talking all the time, Peter.restriction n LêfDëíêfâp]åL The law imposed new financial restrictions on private companies.

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diplomatic n L?Çféä]DãôífâL The manager was always very diplomatic with awkward clients.antagonise v LôåDíôÖ]å~fòL The police department antagonises the black community here on an almost regular basis.passive smoking n phr L?éôëfî=Dëã]râfÏL Medical evidence in the case showed that he had developed lung cancer as a result of passive smoking.prohibit v Léê]DÜfÄfíL Smoking is strictly prohibited inside the factory.venue n LDîÉåàìWL The first thing to do is book a venue for the concert.flout v LÑä~ríL Some companies flout the rules and employ children as young as seven.irrelevant adj LfDêÉä]î]åíL We’re focusing too much on irrelevant details.drop sb a line v phr L?Çêflé=ë¾ãÄ]Çá=]=Dä~fåL Drop us a line to let us know how you’re getting on.take your custom elsewhere v phr L?íÉfâ=à]=?â¾ëí]ã=ÉäëDïÉ]I=DÉäëïÉ]L If that’s the way you’re going to speak to me then I will just take my custom elsewhere!debate n LÇfDÄÉfíL The new drug has become the subject of heated debate within the medical profession.calculation n L?âôäâàrDäÉfp]åL Dee looked at the bill and made some rapid calculations.insignificant adj L?fåëfÖDåfÑfâ]åíL You realise that your problems are insignificant in comparison to what Hilary has been through?worthless adj LDï‰Wqä]ëL The house was full of worthless junk.temptation n LíÉãéDíÉfp]åL I finally gave in to the temptation and had a cigarette.surmount v Lë]Dã~råíL He has had to surmount immense difficulties.wobble v LDïflÄ]äL The pile of bricks wobbled and fell.get hooked on v phr LÖÉí=DÜrâí=flåL I got hooked on television when I spent all those weeks in bed with my illness.wetsuit n LDïÉíëìWíI=-ëàìWíL At dawn he puts on his wetsuit, picks up his surfboard and catches the waves.

Module 8bow to phr v LDÄ~r=í]L The owner has decided to bow to public pressure and lift the ban on smoking.perch v Lé‰WípL The house was perched on a cliff above the town.crime wave n phr LDâê~fã=ïÉfîL More police officers are being brought in to help tackle the current crime wave.vice n Lî~fëL Smoking is my only vice.indulgence n LfåDÇ¾äÇw]åëL An occasional glass of wine was his only indulgence.fall victim to v phr L?ÑlWä=Dîfâífã=í]L Many small businesses have fallen victim to the recession.stand accused v phr L?ëíôåÇ=]DâàìWòÇL The radio station stands accused of racism.idyll n LDfÇ]äI=DfÇfäL Decades later, the sailor was still enjoying his island idyll.ills n pl LfäòL He wants to cure all the ills of the world.recreate v L?êáWâêáDÉfíL You can never recreate the feeling of winning for the first time.maximise v LDãôâëfã~fòL The career centre will help you maximise your opportunities.elusive adj LfDäìWëfîL For me, the poem has an elusive quality.delegation n L?ÇÉä]DÖÉfp]åL A delegation from Nigeria has arrived to have talks with the British foreign minister.salary n LDëôä]êáL The average salary is £39,000 a year.cede v LëáWÇL Hong Kong was ceded to Britain in 1842.assembly n L]DëÉãÄäáL the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland.transition n LíêôåDòfp]åL Making the transition from youth to adulthood can be very painful.play a role in sth v phr L?éäÉf=]=Dê]rä=få=?ë¾ãqfÏL A good diet and fitness play a crucial role in helping people live longer.transformation n L?íêôåëÑ]DãÉfp]åL In recent years, the movie industry has undergone a dramatic transformation.broadcasting n LDÄêlWÇâ^WëífÏL BBC stands for British Broadcasting Corporation.cable n LDâÉfÄ]äL I’ve got cable television now, and there are almost too many channels to choose from.capture the market v phr L?âôéíp]=a]=Dã^WâfíL We aim to capture eight percent of the UK wine market.deluge n LDÇÉäàìWÇwL Viewers sent a deluge of complaints about the show.hermit n LDÜ‰WãfíL Emperor Constantine was said to visit the wise hermit for advice.corruption n Lâ]Dê¾ép]åL The investigation uncovered widespread corruption within the police force.loiter v LDälfí]L Five or six teenagers were loitering in front of the newsagent’s.transfix v LíêôåëDÑfâëL The sight of the fire transfixed the passers-by.crop n LâêfléL Growers lost eighty percent of the apple crop in the storm.ogle v LD]rÖ]äL I didn’t like the way he was ogling her legs.wages n pl LDïÉfÇwfòL In general, computer jobs pay good wages.accessory n L]âDëÉë]êáL Accessories such as a carrying case and battery re-charger are free with the purchase of a cellular phone.sponsor n LDëéflåë]L Kodak is a major sponsor of the Olympics.acute adj L]DâàìWíL I felt acute embarrassment at that moment.collectively adv Lâ]DäÉâífîäáL Rain, snow and hail are collectively known as precipitation.underestimate v L?¾åÇ]êDÉëífãÉfíL We underestimated how long it would take to get there; instead of two hours it took us five!

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benign adj LÄfDå~fåL He shook his head in benign amusement.portal n LDélWí]äL As I passed the portals my feeling of depression increased.skew v LëâàìWL These assumptions about Communism skewed American foreign policy for decades.novice n LDåflîfëL The computer course is ideal for novices.preoccupy v LéêáWDflâàré~fL Although I tried to respond, I was mostly preoccupied with my pain.omnipresent adj L?flãåfDéêÉò]åíL Police were virtually omnipresent on the city streets.medieval adj L?ãÉÇáDáWî]äL These spices were first brought to Italy from the East in medieval times.fortress n LDÑlWíê]ëL The invaders spent weeks trying to take the fortress along the road to the city but it wasn’t going to surrender without a fight.flicker v LDÑäfâ]L The overhead lights flickered momentarily.wriggle v LDêfÖ]äL Stop wriggling and let me put your T-shirt on.screech v LëâêáWípL ‘Get out!’ she screeched angrily. ‘I hate you!’glee n LÖäáWL Manufacturers are rubbing their hands with glee as they prepare to cash in.currency n LDâ¾ê]åëáL The bank can supply you with foreign currency.initiate v LfDåfpáÉfíL They have decided to initiate legal proceedings against the newspaper.wary adj LDïÉ]êáL I’m a bit wary of driving in this fog.inhibit v LfåDÜfÄfíL An unhappy family life may inhibit children’s learning.conspicuous adj Lâ]åDëéfâàr]ëL He had represented Italy with conspicuous success in the Games.hoarding n LDÜlWÇfÏL A huge advertising hoarding.voice v LîlfëL The senator voiced concern at how minorities and immigrants are treated in California.confide v Lâ]åDÑ~fÇL I’ve never felt able to confide in my sister.mug v Lã¾ÖL A lot of people won’t go out alone at night because they’re afraid of being mugged.couch potato n phr LDâ~ríp=é]?íÉfí]rL A lot of kids today are overweight couch potatoes.think nothing of v phr L?qfÏâ=Då¾qfÏ=]îL He thinks nothing of staying up all night in casinos.patch n LéôípL The strawberry patch was full of fruit!outskirts n pl LD~ríëâ‰WíëL They live on the outskirts of Paris.lift v LäfÑíL The government plans to lift its ban on cigar imports.radical adj LDêôÇfâ]äL They are proposing radical changes to the way the company is run.sign up phr v L?ë~få=D¾éL Over half the people who signed up to do engineering were women.round-the-clock adj phr L?ê~råÇ=a]=DâäflâL They have always provided round-the-clock medical care.onslaught n LDflåëälWíL Are you ready for the onslaught of winter?inquisitive adj LfåDâïfò]ífîL Jenny was a very inquisitive child – always asking questions.pipe up phr v L?é~fé=D¾éL Mum suddenly piped up with the answer to the puzzle! reel off phr v L?êáWä=DflÑL Jack reeled off a list of names.overwhelming adj L?]rî]DïÉäãfÏL There is overwhelming evidence that smoking damages your health.relent v LêfDäÉåíL At last her father relented and came to visit her.funding n LDÑ¾åÇfÏL College directors have called for more government funding.extreme adj LfâDëíêáWãL Extreme poverty still exists in many rural areas.ironic adj L~fDêflåfâL Your car was stolen at the police station! How ironic!co-ordination n Lâ]r?lWÇfDåÉfp]åL To play tennis you need excellent hand eye co-ordination.resist v LêfDòfëíL He resisted pressure to resign.fundamental n L?Ñ¾åÇ]DãÉåíäL We have to tackle the fundamental cause of the problem.outlaw v LD~ríälWL The bill would have outlawed several types of guns.compulsory adj Lâ]ãDé¾äë]êáL Car insurance is compulsory.silent majority n phr L?ë~fä]åí=ã]DÇwflê]íáL I think the silent majority would agree that all politicians are the same.turn to phr v LDí‰Wå=í]L Many people here are turning to solar power as a way of reducing their fuel bills.draw v LÇêlWL Beth felt strangely drawn to this gentle stranger.meditation n L?ãÉÇfDíÉfp]åL Yoga involves breathing exercises, stretching and meditation.posture n LDéflëíp]L Poor posture can lead to muscular problems.expansion n LfâDëéôåp]åL The rapid expansion of cities can cause social and economic problems.commitment n Lâ]Dãfíã]åíL Will the job fit in with your family commitments?congestion n Lâ]åDÇwÉëíp]åL The congestion on the roads out of Cornwall is getting worse.inferior adj LfåDÑf]êá]L I felt very inferior among all those academics.resume v LêfDòàìWãL She hopes to resume work after the baby is born.snap n LëåôéL He shut the book with a snap.

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crackle n LDâêôâ]äL The crackle of the logs burning was the only sound in the room.memorandum n L?ãÉã]DêôåÇ]ãL I sent him a memorandum reminding him about the meeting.entrant n LDÉåíê]åíL The event was a great success and there were over eighty entrants from throughout the Northern region.format n LDÑlWãôíL They are planning a large-format book for the partially-sighted.panel n LDéôå]äL A panel of experts has looked at the proposal.catchy adj LDâôípáL He tried to come up with a good catchy advertising slogan.jury n LDÇwr]êáL Have you ever been on a jury?get the word out v phr L?ÖÉí=a]=Dï‰WÇ=~ríL They tried to get the word out about the benefits of immunisation.insert v LfåDë‰WíL His manager inserted a new clause into his contract.enter into phr v L?Éåí]ê=Dfåí]L The government refused to enter into discussions with the opposition.correspondence n L?âflê]DëéflåÇ]åëL The magazine is unable to enter into any correspondence on medical matters.witty adj LDïfíáL I enjoyed the play; it had a clever plot and a very witty script.besiege v LÄfDëáWÇwL Miller was besieged by press photographers.drop off phr v L?Çêflé=DflÑL I must have dropped off to sleep.balance n LDÄôä]åëL My bank balance isn’t very healthy.on hold prep phr Lflå=DÜ]räÇL The agent put me on hold while she consulted a colleague.resign v LêfDò~fåL She resigned from the government last week.trek n LíêÉâL The trek to the campsite was along bush tracks and down cliffs.starter n LDëí^Wí]L We had soup as a starter, followed by steak.extend v LfâDëíÉåÇL Management have agreed to extend the deadlinesurpass v Lë]Dé^WëL He had surpassed all our expectations.flare v LÑäÉ]L Rioting has flared up in several northern towns.consult v Lâ]åDë¾äíL If symptoms persist, consult a doctor without delay.snail mail n phr LDëåÉfä=ãÉfäL Gordon doesn’t have a computer, so I suppose I’ll have to write him letters and send them by snail mail!teleconference n LDíÉäf?âflåÑ]ê]åëL This week some 3000 doctors and nurses will participate in an international teleconference on the subject.offence n L]DÑÉåëL The possession of stolen property is a criminal offence.joy riding n phr LDÇwlf=?ê~fÇfÏL He’s been charged with joy-riding.arson n LD^Wë]åL The school was destroyed in an arson attack.peer pressure n phr LDéf]=?éêÉp]L Teenagers often start smoking because of peer pressure.enrol v LfåDê]räL Anybody who has not yet been enrolled on the English course should contact the tutor.barrier n LDÄôêá]L The police had set up barriers along the route of the President’s motorcade.patrol v Lé]Díê]räL Armed guards patrolled the grounds.seal off phr v L?ëáWä=DflÑL Following a bomb warning, police have sealed off the whole area.disorderly adj LÇfëDlWÇ]äáL Bell denied being drunk and disorderly.tackle v LDíôâ]äL There is more than one way to tackle the problem.liaise v LäáDÉfòL Council officers are liaising closely with local groups.penalty n LDéÉå]äíáL No littering. Penalty £500.clamp down on phr v L?âäôãé=DÇ~rå=flåL The police are clamping down on drink-driving offenders.detect v LÇfDíÉâíL Do I detect a note of criticism in your voice?harness v LDÜ^Wå]ëL We can harness the power of the wind to generate electricity.alert v L]Dä‰WíL The school immediately alerted the police.retain v LêfDíÉfåL Please retain your ticket until you leave the station.statement n LDëíÉfíã]åíL Detective Brady took a statement from both witnesses.assertion n L]Dë‰Wp]åL He made a definite assertion that house prices are falling.declaration n L?ÇÉâä]DêÉfp]åL Under Islamic law it was possible to divorce by making a simple declaration.vengeance n LDîÉåÇw]åëL His desire for vengeance led him to shoot his daughter’s murderer.revenge n LêfDîÉåÇwL She is seeking revenge for the murder of her husband.reprisal n LêfDéê~fò]äL Rebels have killed two soldiers in reprisal for the deaths in prison of two of their comrades.enable v LfDåÉfÄ]äL The loan enabled Jan to buy the house.entitle v LfåDí~fíäL Membership entitles you to the monthly journal.conviction n Lâ]åDîfâp]åL They had no previous convictions.take on phr v L?íÉfâ=DflåL We’re taking on fifty new staff this year.take up phr v L?íÉfâ=D¾éL Rob took up the invitation to visit his cousins in Florida.take over phr v L?íÉfâ=D]rî]L His only reason for investing in the company was to take it over.

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custody n LDâ¾ëí]ÇáL The committee is looking at alternatives to custody.incarceration n Lfå?â^Wë]DêÉfp]åL His incarceration in that dreadful place for ten years nearly killed him.redeem v LêfDÇáWãL You can redeem the coupon at any store.recuperate v LêfDâàìWé]êÉfíI=-DâìW-L We’ve recuperated our losses.recover v LêfDâ¾î]L Four paintings stolen from the gallery have been recovered.arraign v L]DêÉfåL Thompson was arraigned on a charge of murder.forge v LÑlWÇwL Somebody stole my credit card and forged my signature.hack v LÜôâL Somebody hacked into the company’s central database.libel n LDä~fÄ]äL Harry sued the newspaper for libel.slander n LDëä^WåÇ]L He is being sued for slander.assault v L]DëlWäíL Two men assaulted him after he left the bar.community service n phr Lâ]?ãàìWå]íá=Dë‰WîfëL Each was ordered to do sixty hours’ community service.buy time v phr L?Ä~f=Dí~fãL ‘Can we talk about it later?’ he said, trying to buy a little more time.prolific adj Léê]DäfÑfâL Handel was a prolific composer of opera.notorious adj Lå]DílWêá]ëL English soccer fans are notorious for their drunkenness.outlaw n LD~ríälWL Butch Cassidy was a famous outlaw.drop v LÇêfléL The proposal was dropped after opposition from civil liberties groups.get away with phr v LÖÉí=]DïÉf=ïfaL You’ll never get away with stealing the money – somebody is bound to find out.flee v LÑäáWL His attackers turned and fled.rancher n LDê^Wåíp]L He was a cattle rancher all his life.resume v LêfDòàìWãL The students resumed their reading after the headmaster had left the classroom.regulation n L?êÉÖàrDäÉfp]åL There seem to be so many rules and regulations these days.rehabilitate v L?êáWÜ]DÄfä]íÉfíL The hospital has a special unit for rehabilitating stroke patients.self-defence n L?ëÉäÑ=ÇfDÑÉåëL He shot him in self-defence.hall of residence n phr L?ÜlWä=]î=DêÉòfÇ]åëL The halls of residence were on the university campus.intruder n LfåDíêìWÇ]L The police think the intruder got in through an unlocked window.premises n pl LDéêÉãfëfòL What’s the location of their new business premises?obtain v L]ÄDíÉfåL You will need to obtain permission from the principal.draw on phr v LDÇêlW…flåL His work draws heavily on educational theories of the 1980s.conduct v Lâ]åDÇ¾âíL We are conducting a survey of consumer attitudes towards organic food.safe n LëÉfÑL Guests can leave their valuables in the hotel safe.valuables n pl LDîôäàì]Ä]äòI=-à]Ä]äòL The burglar took cash, jewellery and other valuables.suit sb down to the ground v phr L?ëìWí=ë¾ãÄ]Çá=?Ç~rå=í]=a]=DÖê~råÇL The climate there will suit you down to the ground.reform n LêfDÑlWãL Reform of the legal system.hassle n LDÜôë]äL I don’t feel like cooking tonight, it’s too much hassle.hibernate v LDÜ~fÄ]åÉfíL Now who can tell me which animals hibernate in winter?cut back on phr v L?â¾í=DÄôâ=flåL Try to cut back on foods containing wheat and dairy products.disheartened adj LÇfëDÜ^WíåÇL If young children don’t see quick results they grow disheartened.desperate adj LDÇÉëé]ê]íL I had no money left and was desperate.flaw n LÑälWL A design flaw caused the engine to explode.come to light v phr L?â¾ã=í]=Dä~fíL This evidence did not come to light until after the trial.bug n LÄ¾ÖL Unfortunately there was a bug in the software.

Module 9call n LâlWäL He could never resist the call of the sea.unprecedented adj L¾åDéêÉë]ÇÉåífÇL An unprecedented number of cars entered the race.sensory adj LDëÉåë]êáL The children respond well to sensory stimuli such as music.crawl v LâêlWäL There’s a bug crawling up your leg.vine n Lî~fåL We sat underneath the vine in the shade.wired up adj phr L?ï~f]Ç=D¾éL Check that the plug has been wired up properly.eavesdrop v LDáWîòÇêfléL Helena was eavesdropping outside the door.exchange n LfâëDípÉfåÇwL The DJ was fired after a heated exchange on air with a call-in listener.infinitesimal adj L?fåÑfå]DíÉëfã]äL The apparatus can detect infinitesimal changes in temperature.scratchy adj LDëâêôípáL Julian had a scratchy old recording of some folk songs.pulse n Lé¾äëL An electrical pulse sends the atom to the tip of the microscope needle.

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punctuate v LDé¾ÏâípìÉfíL The silence was occasionally punctuated by laughter.rival n LDê~fî]äL Their advertising campaign has given the company a competitive advantage over its rivals.tap out phr v L?íôé=D~ríL He whistled the tune and tapped out the rhythm.astounding adj L]Dëí~råÇfÏL The concert was an astounding success.crack v LâêôâL It took them nearly two months to crack the code.pervasive adj Lé]DîÉfëfîL How can we ever escape the pervasive influence of television?persuasive adj Lé]DëïÉfëfîL Trevor can be very persuasive.infinite adj LDfåÑ]å]íL She’s a woman of infinite patience.mate n LãÉfíL The male spends a long time searching for a suitable mate.offspring n LDflÑ?ëéêfÏL A lion’s offspring are known as cubs.subtle adj LDë¾íäL The pictures are similar, but there are subtle differences between them.low-pitched adj L?ä]r=DéfípíL All we could hear was the low-pitched hum of the generator.trumpeting n LDíê¾ãé]ífÏL In the distance we heard the distinctive trumpeting of elephants.herd n LÜ‰WÇL A herd of cattle was moving towards us.roar v LêlWL We heard a lion roar.fury n LDÑàr]êáL ‘Go on then!’ shouted Jamie in fury. ‘See if I care!’flap v LÑäôéL The flags were flapping in the breeze.predator n LDéêÉÇ]í]L This beetle discharges a very hot fluid from a special gland at potential predators.charge v Líp^WÇwL The bear charged towards her at full speed.hurl v LÜ‰WäL Demonstrators were hurling bricks through the windows.rumble n LDê¾ãÄ]äL The rumble of the train going by woke me up.dense adj LÇÉåëL A narrow track wound steeply up through the dense forest.disperse v LÇfDëé‰WëL Police used tear gas to disperse the crowd.encode v LfåDâ]rÇL A type of scanner which can encode characters on a page and store them electronically.venture v LDîÉåíp]L When darkness fell, he would venture out.relocate v L?êáWä]rDâÉfíL If rents continue to rise, many local businesses may decide to relocate.bury v LDÄÉêáL The story was buried at the back of the paper.discriminate v LÇfDëâêfã]åÉfíL Newborn babies can discriminate between a man’s and a woman’s voice.modify v LDãflÇfÑ~fL The regulations can only be modified by a special committee.bass adj LÄÉfëL He plays a bass guitar.frequency n LDÑêáWâï]åëáL This station broadcasts on three different frequencies.treble adj LDíêÉÄ]äL All we could pick up were the treble frequencies.trace n LíêÉfëL There was no trace of anyone having entered the room since then.mark v Lã^WâL Take off your shoes so you don’t mark the floor.claw n LâälWL The cat dug his claws into my leg.bark n LÄ^WâL The disease causes the trees to lose their bark.spray v LëéêÉfL She sprayed herself with perfume.scent n LëÉåíL The dogs followed the fox’s scent to the edge of the forest.impregnate v LDfãéêÉÖåÉfíL The mats have to be impregnated with disinfectant.relay station n phr LDêáWäÉf=?ëíÉfp]åL A relay station which was transmitting messages.territory n LDíÉêfí]êáL A tiger has a large territory to defend.scent-marking n phr LDëÉåí=?ã^WâfÏL Scent-marking by foxes or otters.plaintive adj LDéäÉfåífîL We heard the plaintive cry of a seagull.intimidate v LfåDífã]ÇÉfíL Attempts to intimidate her failed.secrete v LëfDâêáWíL The toad’s skin secretes a deadly poison.pungent adj LDé¾åÇw]åíL Garlic has a pungent aroma.gland n LÖäôåÇL The doctor noticed that the glands in my neck were swollen.contender n Lâ]åDíÉåÇ]L Phillips is one of the top contenders for the middleweight championship of the world.back off phr v L?Äôâ=DflÑL She backed off and then turned and ran.starling n LDëí^WäfÏL The starlings started flocking for the long journey south.harsh adj LÜ^WpL His voice was harsh and menacing.take to phr v LDíÉfâ=í]L He was so depressed, he took to his bed for a week.hawk n LÜlWâL We watched the hawk circling the field over its prey.groom v LÖêìWãL Grooming has several important functions in the chimps’ society.

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rodent n LDê]rÇ]åíL Birds and rodents live in the cavities of these rocks.burrow n LDÄ¾ê]rL During the day they retreat into shallow burrows a few centimetres below the ground.defence n LÇfDÑÉåëL In Britain, the defence of the country has historically been left to the navy.conclude v Lâ]åDâäìWÇL The report concluded that the school should be closed immediately.deter v LÇfDí‰WL The company’s financial difficulties have deterred potential investors.repel v LêfDéÉäL Have you got a lotion that repels mosquitoes?pose a threat v phr L?é]rò=]=DqêÉíL Officials claim the chemical poses no real threat.transmit v LíêôåòDãfíL She transmitted the message using Morse code.squeak n LëâïáWâL The only sound was the soft squeak of the marker on the board.hiss n LÜfëL She heard a faint hiss as the metal struck the water.growl n LÖê~räL He heard a low growl behind him.boast v LÄ]rëíL Amy boasted that her son was a genius.boo v LÄìWL Some of the audience started booing.sole n Lë]räL The soles of her shoes were worn down.yell v LàÉäL ‘Help me!’ she yelled hysterically.hind adj LÜ~fåÇL On a cue from its master, the bear obediently stood up on its hind legs.procedure n Léê]DëáWÇw]L What’s the procedure for applying for a visa?inappropriate adj L?få]Déê]réêá-]íL His comments were wholly inappropriate on such a solemn occasion.adjust v L]DÇw¾ëíL Check and adjust the brakes regularly.make allowances for sb/sth v phr L?ãÉfâ=]Dä~r]åëfò=Ñ]=?ë¾ãÄ]ÇáL The budget makes allowances for extra staff when needed.alter v LDlWäí]L Her face hadn’t altered much over the years.emerge v LfDã‰WÇwL The sun emerged from behind the clouds.admit v L]ÇDãfíL ‘Okay, so maybe I was a little bit scared,’ Jenny admitted.deny v LÇfDå~fL Two men have denied murdering a woman at a remote picnic spot.hint v LÜfåíL He hinted strongly that he might be prepared to send troops in.random adj LDêôåÇ]ãL The company has introduced random drug testing of its employees.capacity n Lâ]Déôë]íáL The child’s capacity for learning.set sb apart phr v L?ëÉí=ë¾ãÄ]Çá=]Dé^WíL Her unusual lifestyle set her apart as a child.impede v LfãDéáWÇL Storms at sea impeded our progress.penalise v LDéáWå]ä-~fòL Two students were penalised very differently for the same offence.curling n LDâ‰WäfÏL Alternatives to skiing include a leisure pool, curling and skating on the nearby lake and sleigh rides.refund v LêfDÑ¾åÇL I took the radio back, and they refunded my money.adrenaline n L]DÇêÉå]ä-fåL There’s nothing like a good horror film to get the adrenaline going!cotton n LDâflíåL Made from one hundred percent cotton.garment n LDÖ^Wã]åíL She pulled the garment on and zipped it up.interlocutor n L?fåí]Däflâàrí]L The interlocutor asked me several questions that I didn’t understand at first.hype n LÜ~féL Some experts are concerned that the new drug won’t live up to all the hype.flashy adj LDÑäôpáL He’s just bought himself a flashy new sports car!dweller n LDÇïÉä]L City dwellers suffer from the higher pollution levels.feedback n LDÑáWÇÄôâL How can I provide feedback without making the manager angry?allocate v LDôä]âÉfíL You should allocate the same amount of time to each question.raise sb’s/sth’s profile v phr L?êÉfò=ë¾ãÄ]Çáò=Déê]rÑ~fäL An advertising campaign designed to raise the bank’s profile.run a feature v phr L?ê¾å=]=DÑáWíp]L The programme is going to run a feature on gardening.unrivalled adj L¾åDê~fî]äÇL She has an unrivalled collection of Chinese art.menace n LDãÉå]ëL It’s the only way to deal with the menace of drug dealing.emanate v LDÉã]åÉfíL A feeling of peace and tranquillity emanated from the temple.omit v L]rDãfíI=]-L Please don’t omit any details, no matter how trivial they may seem.in kind prep phr Lfå=Dâ~fåÇL After recent bombings, counter-terrorist forces may retaliate in kind.sheer adj Lpf]L The sheer size of the country makes communications difficult.flood v LÑä¾ÇL They had devised a plan to flood the country with forged banknotes.sack v LëôâL They couldn’t sack me – I’d done nothing wrong.bilingual adj LÄ~fDäfÏÖï]äL Their kids are completely bilingual.Module 10slapstick n LDëäôé?ëífâL I don’t think slapstick is funny.

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mime n Lã~fãL The children learn through role-play, dance and mime.satire n LDëôí~f]L The film is a stinging satire on American politics.rubber n LDê¾Ä]L A rubber ball.swap v LëïfléL Do you want to swap your sweater for mine?sketch n LëâÉípL Her television programme is made up of a series of comic sketches.material n Lã]Díf]êá]äL Anita is collecting material for a novel.utter v LD¾í]L Charles nodded without uttering a word.stumble across phr v LDëí¾ãÄ]ä=]?âêflëL Researchers have stumbled across a drug that may help patients with Parkinson’s disease.vocation n Lî]rDâÉfp]åL At seventeen she found her true vocation as a writer.forge v LÑlWÇwL In 1776 the United States forged an alliance with France.establishment n LfDëíôÄäfpã]åíL A top class training establishment.break out phr v L?ÄêÉfâ=D~ríL She felt the need to break out of her daily routine.albeit conj LlWäDÄáWfíL He accepted the job, albeit with some hesitation.disjunction n LÇfëDÇw¾Ïâp]åL A disjunction between the skills taught in schools and the skills demanded by employers.compelling adj Lâ]ãDéÉäfÏL The book makes compelling reading.division n LÇfDîfw]åL Can he heal the deep divisions among his supporters?persona n Lé]Dë]rå]L Joel has a cheerful public persona but in private he’s different.parallel world n phr L?éôê]äÉä=Dï‰WäÇL If I lived in a parallel world, I would do things quite differently.dominate v LDÇflãfåÉfíL The industry is dominated by five multi-national companies.all-consuming adj L?lWä=â]åDëàìWãfÏL She has an all-consuming passion for photography.unbolt v L?¾åDÄ]räíL The builders unbolted the scaffolding and took it away.crate n LâêÉfíL A crate of beer.heir n LÉ]L Johnson was his political heir as leader of the Nationalist Party.adolescent n L?ôÇ]DäÉë]åíL Adolescents are a difficult age group to teach.self-consciousness n L?ëÉäÑ=Dâflåp]ëå]ëL He has too much self-consciousness about his weight.trademark n LDíêÉfÇã^WâL The striped T-shirt became the comedian’s trademark.pliable adj LDéä~f]Ä]äL The clay should be moistened regularly to keep it soft and pliable.nondescript adj LDåflåÇfëâêféíL The detective drives a nondescript blue Ford, perfect for observing people unnoticed.knack n LåôâL Some people seem to have a knack for making money.spontaneity n L?ëéflåí]DåáW]íáI=-DåÉf]íáL The group lacks spontaneity.contrived adj Lâ]åDíê~fîÇL The characters are as contrived as the plot.leverage n LDäáWî]êfÇwL The ambassador hopes to gain diplomatic leverage by visiting the US.debilitating adj LÇfDÄfä]íÉfífÏL She’s been suffering from a debilitating disease for a number of years.vicious adj LDîfp]ëL She was shocked by the vicious tone in his voice.rating n LDêÉfífÏL NBC’s new comedy had the highest television rating this season.arsenal n LD^Wë]å]äL An arsenal of lawyers to conduct his defence.contort v Lâ]åDílWíL His face was contorted with rage.adamant adj LDôÇ]ã]åíL Michael Jackson is adamant that he will not tour this year.phenomenal adj LÑ]Dåflã]å]äL The phenomenal success of computer games in recent years.low-key adj phr L?ä]r=DâáWL They want the wedding to be as low-key as possible.exaggerate v LfÖDòôÇw]êÉfíL I couldn’t sleep for three days – and I’m not exaggerating.disdain n LÇfëDÇÉfåL Emily watched the younger children with disdain.in certain quarters phr Lfå=?ë‰Wíå=DâïlWí]òL In certain quarters, this kind of behaviour is considered unacceptable.relish v LDêÉäfpL I don’t relish the thought of the long and tiring journey which is awaiting us.minority n Lã~fDåflê]íáL Gaelic is still spoken in Ireland by a tiny minority of people.focused adj LDÑ]râ]ëíL I’ve got to stay focused if I want to win this competition.uneasy adj L¾åDáWòáL Ninety percent of those questioned felt uneasy about nuclear power.improvisation n L?fãéê]î~fDòÉfp]åL To cheer us up they put together an improvisation of funny songs.accident-prone adj phr LDôâëfÇ]åí=éê]råL As a child she was always accident-prone.verbal adj LDî‰WÄ]äL He was used to receiving verbal abuse from other kids on the street.wit n LïfíL His sharp wit had them all smiling.alliance n L]Dä~f]åëL Britain’s military alliance with her NATO partners.impressionist n LfãDéêÉp]åfëíL Tommy was a brilliant impressionist – he could do all the Hollywood superstars.caricature v LDâôêfâ]ípr]L Scientists are often caricatured as absent-minded professors.

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pick up on phr v L?éfâ=D¾é=flåL Children pick up on our worries and anxieties.assured adj L]Dpr]ÇL He praised her for her confidence and assured manner.modest adj LDãflÇ]ëíL He was always modest about his role in the Everest expedition.commercial n Lâ]Dã‰Wp]äL Have you seen the new Levi jeans commercial?prevention n LéêfDîÉåp]åL Educating new drivers is important for the prevention of accidents.glance v LÖä^WåëL Emily glanced over her shoulder.generalisation n L?ÇwÉå]ê]ä~fDòÉfp]åL You can’t make generalisations about what men and women are like.know sth off by heart v phr L?å]r=ë¾ãqfÏ=?flÑ=Ä~f=DÜ^WíL After a few days of phoning Stephanie, he knew her number off by heart.outing n LD~rífÏL Mrs Pollack took her class on an outing to the local museum.go smoothly v phr L?Ö]r=DëãìWaäáL It’ll take about three hours if everything goes smoothly.spellbound adj LDëéÉäÄ~råÇL ‘King Lear’ still holds audiences spellbound.howl v LÜ~räL Upstairs, one of the twins began to howl in pain.length and breadth phr L?äÉÏq=]å=DÄêÉÇqL The police searched the length and breadth of the country.formidable adj LDÑlWãfÇ]Ä]äI=Ñ]DãfÇ-L The new range of computers has formidable processing power.array n L]DêÉfL There was a vast array of colours to choose from.retailer n LDêáWíÉfä]L Retailers face their slowest business period in January and February.online adj LDflåä~fåI=?flåDä~fåL All the city’s schools will be online by the end of the year.innovative adj LDfå]?îÉfífîL The idea for the programme ‘Big Brother’ was highly innovative.track n LíêôâL There’s a great Miles Davis track on side two.concise adj Lâ]åDë~fëL Your summary should be as clear and concise as possible.work ethic n phr LDï‰Wâ=?ÉqfâL They instilled the work ethic into their children.labour-saving adj phr LDäÉfÄ]=?ëÉfîfÏL If you can afford it, buy some labour-saving devices, like a washing machine.slump v Lëä¾ãéL Carol slumped back in her chair, exhausted.emulate v LDÉãàräÉfíL Young had hoped to emulate the success of Douglas Wilder.fulfil v LÑräDÑfäL We want to make sure that all children are able to fulfil their potential.finalist n LDÑ~få]ä-fëíL She and a panel of judges will choose ten finalists and the winner.vulnerable adj LDî¾äå]ê]Ä]äL He took advantage of me when I was at my most vulnerable.intrusive adj LfåDíêìWëfîL They found the television cameras too intrusive.bodhran n LDÄ~rêflåL The bodhran is a traditional Celtic drum.French horn n phr L?ÑêÉåíp=DÜlWåL Sally plays the French horn in a brass band. marimba n Lã]DêfãÄ]L A marimba is a musical instrument like a xylophonepanpipes n pl LDéôåé~féëL Panpipes are named after Pan the Greek god of shepherding, hunting & rustic music.strings n pl LëíêfÏòL ‘I want the strings to come in on a count of three!’ said the conductor.woodwind n LDïrÇïfåÇL An impressive selection of woodwind instruments such as the flute and saxophone.brass n LÄê^WëL The shop sells only brass instruments.percussion n Lé]Dâ¾p]åL Tonight we have Paul Duke on percussion.keyboard n LDâáWÄlWÇL Chris Kelly on guitar and Benny Hayes on keyboards.evoke v LfDî]râL The photographs evoked strong memories of our holidays in France.get on your nerves v phr L?ÖÉí=flå=à]=Då‰WîòL She’s always moaning. It really gets on my nerves.highbrow adj LDÜ~fÄê~rL He picked up a book that was lying on the floor. It was something highbrow; Kafka, probably.trashy adj LDíêôpáL A lot of people characterise romance literature as trashy.short-lived adj L?plWí=DäfîÇL Our happiness was short-lived.grandiose adj LDÖêôåÇá]rëL It’s just another of Wheeler’s grandiose schemes.pull (sth) off phr v L?érä=ë¾ãqfÏ=DflÑL The goalkeeper pulled off six terrific saves.comprise v Lâ]ãDéê~fòL The house comprises two bedrooms, a kitchen, and a living room.belt out phr v L?ÄÉäí=D~ríL She was belting out old Broadway favourites.lyrics n pl LDäfêfâëL He wrote some great music, but the lyrics weren’t that good.connoisseur n L?âflå]Dë‰WL He claims to be a wine connoisseur.derive v LÇfDê~fîL Medically, we will derive great benefit from this technique.manipulate v Lã]DåféàräÉfíL He was one of those men who manipulated people.explosion n LfâDëéä]rw]åL The recent explosion of interest in Latin music and dance.pastime n LDé^Wëí~fãL Reading was her favourite pastime.objection n L]ÄDÇwÉâp]åL Her objection was that he was too young.discourage v LÇfëDâ¾êfÇwL The latest attempts to discourage illegal immigration.

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bouquet n LÄ]rDâÉfI=ÄìW-L He came home with a bouquet of flowers that she knew he had paid too much for.resort to phr v LêfDòlWí=í]L Officials fear that extremists may resort to violence.muddy adj LDã¾ÇáL Take your boots off outside if they’re muddy.black market n phr L?Ääôâ=Dã^WâfíL Many foods were only available on the black market.excruciatingly adv LfâDëâêìWpáÉfífÏäáL Helen described the concert as excruciatingly boring.over the top phr L?]rî]=a]=DífléL It’s a bit over-the-top to call him a fascist.riveting adj LDêfî]ífÏL His story makes riveting listening.inaudible adj LfåDlWÇ]Ä]äL The noise of the wind made her cries inaudible.overrated adj L?]rî]DêÉfífÇL Critics claim that many soccer players are overpaid, overrated and out of touch.profoundly adv Léê]DÑ~råÇäáL I was profoundly moved by his words.hilarious adj LÜfDäÉ]êá]ëL Our attempts at dancing were hilarious – we kept tripping over each other!infuriating adj LfåDÑàr]êáÉfífÏL The infuriating thing is that he is always right.go out of your way v phr LÖ]r=?~rí=]î=à]=DïÉfL She went out of her way to make me feel welcome.obdurate adj LDflÄÇàrê]íL They argued, but he remained obdurate.immovable adj LfDãìWî]Ä]äL The president is immovable on this issue.steadfast adj LDëíÉÇÑ^WëíL She always had her father’s steadfast love.charm n Líp^WãL She was a leader of great character and tremendous personal charm.self-assured adj L?ëÉäÑ=]Dpr]ÇL Having done this many times before, she was self-assured and spoke without notes.brutal adj LDÄêìWí]äL Carter was jailed for the brutal murder of a young woman.malicious adj Lã]Däfp]ëL Miss Simms took a malicious pleasure in other people’s misfortunes.be out to (do) sth phr LÄá=D~rí=í]=?ÇìW=?ë¾ãqfÏL Andrew is just out to have a good time.impending adj LfãDéÉåÇfÏL She had a sense of impending disaster.over your head phr L?]rî]=à]=DÜÉÇL The explanation went completely over my head.to cap it all v phr Lí]=?âôé=fí=DlWäL To cap it all, the phones didn’t work, and there was no hot water.to put it bluntly phr Lí]=?érí=fí=DÄä¾åíäáL To put it bluntly, she’s not up to the job.endearing adj LfåDÇf]êfÏL Shyness is one of her most endearing qualities.devastated adj LDÇÉî]ëíÉfífÇL She was left feeling totally devastated.

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Advanced Expert Glossary - pearsoneducation.nl · Pearson Longman Benelux Photocopiable Advanced Expert Glossary English headword Part of Speech Pronunciation Example sentences Module