Advanced Analytics Data Mining using SQL Server Tuesday, April 17, 2012 from 5:30 PM to 7:30 PM (CT) Thomas Arehart Microsoft Technology Center

Growing Business Use Whether delivered as dashboards, scorecards or standalone tools, the number of users benefiting from access to business intelligence (BI) and analytics tools is taking off. Once limited to only a few number crunchers with degrees in advanced mathematics, BI and analytics tools are rapidly being deployed to all professionals in many organizations, and to everyone in a substantial number of companies, according to analysts and recent surveys. While traditional BI tools were complex and expensive, access to powerful BI and analytics capabilities is no longer out of reach for the masses. Today, BI capabilities are increasingly embedded in a wide range of software applications. Another reason for the broader use of these tools is that the market has evolved into a broad ecosystem. A wide swath of vendors in a variety of fields essentially have collaborated to simplify the technology front ends as well as focused the tools on specific vertical markets such as retailing, telecom and consumer packaged goods manufacturing. The BA market ranges from platform technologies such as data warehouse management to end user-facing analytic applications and BI tool. (1)

Business Need With BI capabilities now found in a wide range of software applications as well as lighter weight, standalone packages, new-generation BI is often invisible to its users. This lets them focus on making better decisions and serving customers more effectively as opposed to staying up to speed on the latest technology acronyms. Knowledge workers need analytical tools to explore the gaps in a process when things break. Analytical software that analyzes a multitude of databases and transaction histories can provide guidance and predictions about future customer needs and behavior. This guidance empowers employees to anticipate customer needs and reduce costs and improve overall efficiency. Companies want more automation and consistency around the decisions employees make on a daily basis. (1)

Evolutionary StepBusiness QuestionEnabling TechnologiesProduct Providers Data Characteristics Data Collection (1960s) "What was my total revenue in the last five years?" Spreadsheets, desktop databases Microsoft Excel and Access Retrospective, static data delivery Data Access (1980s) "What were unit sales in New England last March?" SQL, relational database management systems (RDBMS) Microsoft SQLServer Retrospective, dynamic data delivery at record level Data Warehousing & Decision Support (1990s) "What were unit sales in New England last March? Drill down to Boston." On-line analytic processing (OLAP), multidimensional databases, data warehouses Microsoft Reporting SQL Server Services (SSRS), Microsoft SQL Server Analysis Services (SSAS) Retrospective, dynamic data delivery at multiple levels Data Mining (Emerging Today) "Whats likely to happen to Boston unit sales next month? Why?" Advanced algorithms, multiprocessor computers, massive databases SQL Server Integration Services (SSIS), Excel Add-In Prospective, proactive information delivery Table 1. Steps in the Evolution of Data Mining

Examples of tasksMicrosoft algorithms to use (2) Predicting a discrete attribute Flag the customers in a prospective buyers list as good or poor prospects. Calculate the probability that a server will fail within the next 6 months. Categorize patient outcomes and explore related factors. Microsoft Decision Trees Algorithm Microsoft Naive Bayes Algorithm Microsoft Clustering Algorithm Microsoft Neural Network Algorithm Predicting a continuous attribute Forecast next year's sales. Predict site visitors given past historical and seasonal trends. Generate a risk score given demographics. Microsoft Decision Trees Algorithm Microsoft Time Series Algorithm Microsoft Linear Regression Algorithm Predicting a sequence Perform clickstream analysis of a company's Web site. Analyze the factors leading to server failure. Capture and analyze sequences of activities during outpatient visits, to formulate best practices around common activities. Microsoft Sequence Clustering Algorithm Finding groups of common items in transactions Use market basket analysis to determine product placement. Suggest additional products to a customer for purchase. Analyze survey data from visitors to an event, to find which activities or booths were correlated, to plan future activities. Microsoft Association Algorithm Microsoft Decision Trees Algorithm Finding groups of similar items Create patient risk profiles groups based on attributes such as demographics and behaviors. Analyze users by browsing and buying patterns. Identify servers that have similar usage characteristics. Microsoft Clustering Algorithm Microsoft Sequence Clustering Algorithm

Analytic Algorithm Categories Regression a powerful and commonly used algorithm that evaluates the relationship of one variable, the dependent variable, with one or more other variables, called independent variables. By measuring exactly how large and significant each independent variable has historically been in its relation to the dependent variable, the future value of the dependent variable can be estimated. Regression models are widely used in applications, such as seasonal forecasting, quality assurance and credit risk analysis.

Analytic Algorithm Categories Clustering / Segmentation the process of grouping items together to form categories. You might look at a large collection of shopping baskets and discover that they are clustered corresponding to health food buyers, convenience food buyers, luxury food buyers, and so on. Once these characteristics have been grouped together, they can be used to find other customers with similar characteristics. This algorithm is used to create groups for applications, such as customers for marketing campaigns, rate groups for insurance products, and crime statistics groups for law enforcement.

Analytic Algorithm Categories Nearest Neighbor quite similar to clustering, but it will only look at others records in the dataset that are nearest to a chosen unclassified record based on a similarity measure. Records that are near to each other tend to have similar predictive values as well. Thus, if you know the prediction value of one of the records, you can predict its nearest neighbor. This algorithm works similar to the way that people think by detecting closely matching examples. Nearest Neighbor applications are often used in retail and life sciences applications.

Analytic Algorithm Categories Association Rules detects related items in a dataset. Association analysis identifies and groups together similar records that would otherwise go unnoticed by a casual observer. This type of analysis is often used for market basket analysis to find popular bundles of products that are related by transaction, such as low-end digital cameras being associated with smaller capacity memory sticks to store the digital images.

Analytic Algorithm Categories Decision Tree a tree-shaped graphical predictive algorithm that represents alternative sequential decisions and the possible outcomes for each decision. This algorithm provides alternative actions that are available to the decision maker, the probabilistic events that follow from and affect these actions, and the outcomes that are associated with each possible scenario of actions and consequences. Their applications range from credit card scoring to time series predictions of exchange rates.

Analytic Algorithm Categories Sequence Association detects causality and association between time-ordered events, although the associated events may be spread far apart in time and may seem unrelated. Tracking specific time-ordered records and linking these records to a specific outcome allows companies to predict a possible outcome based on a few occurring events. A sequence model can be used to reduce the number of clicks customers have to make when navigating a companys website.

Analytic Algorithm Categories Neural Network a sophisticated pattern detection algorithm that uses machine learning techniques to generate predictions. This technique models itself after the process of cognitive learning and the neurological functions of the brain capable of predicting new observations from other known observations. Neural networks are very powerful, complex, and accurate predictive models that are used in detecting fraudulent behavior, in predicting the movement of stocks and currencies, and in improving the response rates of direct marketing campaigns.

Conventional BI Reporting Architecture

Excel Data Analysis Tool Analysis Category Anova: Single Factormultiple linear regression Anova: Two-Factor with replicationmultiple linear regression Anova: Two-Factor without replicationmultiple linear regression Correlationlinear regression Covariancelinear regression Descriptive Statisticslinear regression Exponential Smoothingnave forecast F-Test Two-sample for Varianceslinear regression Fourier Analysislinear regression Histogramlinear regression Moving Averagelinear regression Random Number GenerationN/A Rank and Percentileclustering Regressionlinear regression SamplingN/A t-Test: Paired Two Sample for Meanslinear regression t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Varianceslinear regression t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Varianceslinear regression z-Test: Two Sample for Meanslinear regression

Table Analysis Tools for Excel (SQL Server 2008 Data Mining Add-ins)Table Analysis Tools for Excel (SQL Server 2008 Data Mining Add-ins) > The Analyze Key Influencers tool enables you to select a column that contains a desired outcome or target value, and then analyze the patterns in your data to determine which factors had the strongest influence on the outcome. For example, if you have a customer list that includes a column that shows the total purchases for each customer over the past year, you could analyze the table to determine the customer demographics for your top purchasers. Microsoft SQL Server 2008 Data Mining Add-Ins for Office 2007 Analyze Key Influencers (Table Analysis Tools for Excel)

TaskDescriptionAlgorithms Market Basket AnalysisDiscover items sold together to create recommendations on-the-fly and to determine how product placement can directly contribute to your bottom line. Association Decision Trees Churn AnalysisAnticipate customers who may be considering canceling their service and identify the benefits that will keep them from leaving. Decision Trees Linear Regression Logistic Regression Market AnalysisDefine market segments by automatically grouping similar customers together. Use these segments to seek profitable customers. Clustering Sequence Clustering ForecastingPredict sales and inventory amounts and learn how they are interrelated to foresee bottlenecks and improve performance. Decision Trees Time Series Data ExplorationAnalyze profitability across customers, or compare customers that prefer different brands of the same product to discover new opportunities. Neural Network Unsupervised LearningIdentify previously unknown relationships between various elements of your business to inform your decisions. Neural Network Web Site AnalysisUnderstand how people use your Web site and group similar usage patterns to offer a better experience. Sequence Clustering Campaign AnalysisSpend marketing funds more effectively by targeting the customers most likely to respond to a promotion. Decision Trees Nave Bayes Clustering Information QualityIdentify and handle anomalies during data entry or data loading to improve the quality of information. Linear Regression Logistic Regression Text AnalysisAnalyze feedback to find common themes and trends that concern your customers or employees, informing decisions with unstructured input. Text Mining Microsoft Office 2007 Data Mining Tasks (4)

Data Analysis Expressions (DAX) is the standard PowerPivot formula language that supports custom calculations in PowerPivot tables and Excel PivotTables. While many of the functions used in Excel are included, DAX also offers additional functions for carrying out dynamic aggregation and other operations with your data. (8) (7)

Time related calculated measures (10) Dax FormulaDescription =IF( COUNTROWS(VALUES(DimDate[CalendarYear]))=1 Previous Year, CALCULATE([Sales], PREVIOUSYEAR(DimDate[DateKey])), BLANK() ) OR or =IF( COUNTROWS(VALUES(DimDate[CalendarYear]))=1, CALCULATE([Sales], PARALLELPERIOD(DimDate[Datekey],-12,MONTH)), BLANK() ) or =IF( COUNTROWS(VALUES(DimDate[CalendarYear]))=1, [Sales] (PARALLELPERIOD(DimDate[Datekey],-12,MONTH)), BLANK() ) =IF(COUNTROWS(VALUES(DimDate[CalendarYear]) = 1, [Sales] - CALCULATE([Sales], PREVIOUSYEAR(DimDate[Datekey])), Blank() ) Sales] - CALCULATE([Sales], PREVIOUSYEAR(DimDate[Datekey])) Year over year growth, Blank() )

The DMX query editor for SQL Server Reporting Services Reporting is a fundamental activity in most businesses, and SQL Server 2008 Reporting Services provides a comprehensive solution for creating, rendering, and deploying reports throughout the enterprise. SQL Server Reporting Services can render reports directly from a data mining model by using a data mining extensions (DMX) query. This enables users to visualize the content of data mining models for optimized data representation. Furthermore, the ability to query directly against the data mining structure enables users to easily include attributes beyond the scope of the mining model requirements, presenting complete and meaningful information. (4)

For more information about the functions that are supported for each model type, see the following links: Association Model Query ExamplesMicrosoft Naive Bayes Algorithm Clustering Model Query ExamplesNeural Network Model Query Examples Decision Trees Model Query ExamplesSequence Clustering Model Query Examples Linear Regression Model Query ExamplesTime Series Model Query Examples Logistic Regression Model Query Examples You can also call VBA functions, or create your own functions. For more information, see Functions (DMX).

SELECT PredictTimeSeries([Forecasting].[Amount]) as [PredictedAmount], PredictTimeSeries([Forecasting].[Quantity]) as [PredictedQty] FROM [Forecasting] Prediction Queries (Data Mining) (9)

SQL Server 2008 data mining supports a number of application programming interfaces (APIs) that developers can use to build custom solutions that take advantage of the predictive analysis capabilities in SQL Server. DMX, XMLA, OLEDB and ADOMD.NET, and Analysis Management Objects (AMO) offer a rich, fully documented development platform, empowering developers to build data mining aware applications and providing real-time discovery and recommendation through familiar tools. This extensibility creates an opportunity for business organizations and independent software vendors (ISVs) to embed predictive analysis into line-of-business applications, introducing insight and forecasting that inform business decisions and processes. For example, the Analytics Foundation adds predictive scoring to Microsoft Dynamics CRM, to enable information workers across sales, marketing, and service organizations to identify attainable opportunities that are more likely to lead to a sale, increasing efficiency and improving productivity (for more information, see the Microsoft Dynamics site).Microsoft Dynamics

Integration Services Data Mining Tasks and Transformations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SQL Server Integration Services provides many components that support data mining. Some tools in Integration Services are designed to help automate common data mining tasks, including prediction, model building, and processing. For example: 1)Create an Integration Services package that automatically updates the model every time the dataset is updated with new customers 2)Perform custom segmentation or custom sampling of case records. 3)Automatically generate models passed on parameters. However, you can also use data mining in a package workflow, as an input to other processes. For example: 1)Use probability values generated by the model to weight scores for text mining or other classification tasks. 2)Automatically generate predictions based on prior data and use those values to assess the validity of new data. 3)Using logistic regression to segment incoming customers by risk.

Data mining in SQL Server Integration Services Microsoft SQL Server 2008 Integration Services provides a powerful, extensible ETL platform that Business Intelligence solution developers can use to implement ETL operations. SQL Server Integration Services includes a Data Mining Model Training destination for training data mining models, and a Data Mining Query transformation that can be used to perform predictive analysis on data as it is passed through the data flow. Integrating predictive analysis with SQL Server Integration Services enables organizations to flag unusual data, classify business entities, perform text mining, and fill-in missing values on the fly based on the power and insight of the data mining algorithms. (4)

After you have created a mining structure and mining model by using the Data Mining Wizard, you can use the Data Mining Designer from either SQL Server Data Tools (SSDT) or SQL Server Management Studio to work with existing models and structures. The designer includes tools for these tasks: 1)Modify the properties of mining structures, add columns and create column aliases, change the binning method or expected distribution of values. 2)Add new models to an existing structure; copy models, change model properties or metadata, or define filters on a mining model. 3)Browse the patterns and rules within the model; explore associations or decision trees. Get detailed statistics about 4)Custom viewers are provided for each different time of model, to help you analyze your data and explore the patterns revealed by data mining. 5)Validate models by creating lift charts, or analyzing the profit curve for models. Compare models using classification matrices, or validate a data set and its models by using cross-validation. 6)Create predictions and content queries against existing mining models. Build one-off queries, or set up queries to generate predictions for entire tables of external data.

SQL Server 2008 Analysis Services provides a highly scalable platform for multidimensional OLAP analysis. Many customers are already reaping the benefits of creating a unified dimensional model (UDM) in Analysis Services and using it to slice and dice business measures by multiple dimensions. Predictive analysis, being part of SQL Server 2008 Analysis Services provides a richer OLAP experience, featuring data mining dimensions that slice your data by the hidden patterns within.(4) A data mining dimension in an OLAP cube

Data Mining Algorithms (Analysis Services - Data Mining) Choosing an Algorithm by Task To help you select an algorithm for use with a specific task, the following table provides suggestions for the types of tasks for which each algorithm is traditionally used.

Many businesses use KPIs to evaluate critical business metrics against targets. SQL Server 2008 Analysis Services provides a centralized platform for KPIs across the organization, and integration with Microsoft Office PerformancePoint Server 2007 enables decision makers to build business dashboards from which they can monitor the companys performance. KPIs are traditionally retrospective, for example showing last months sales total compared to the sales target. However, with the insights made possible through data mining, organizations can build predictive KPIs that forecast future performance against targets, giving the business an opportunity to detect and resolve potential problems proactively. Predictive analysis can detect attributes that influence KPIs. Together with Office PerformancePoint Server 2007, users can monitor trends in key influencers to recognize those attributes that have a sustained effect. Such insights enable businesses to inform and improve their response strategy. (4) Microsoft Office PerformancePoint Server 2007

The SQL Server data mining toolset is fully extensible through Microsoft.NETstored procedures, plug-in algorithms, custom visualizations and PMML. This enables developers to extend the out-of-the-box data mining technologies of SQL Server 2008 to meet uncommon business needs that are specific to the organization by: Creating custom data mining algorithms to solve business-specific analytical problems. Using data mining algorithms from other software vendors. Creating custom visualizations of data mining models through plug-in viewer APIs. Although the data mining functionality provided with SQL Server 2008 is comprehensive enough to meet the needs of a wide range of business scenarios, its extensibility ensures that it can be used to solve virtually any predictive problem. The ability to extend the data mining technologies of SQL Server through custom algorithms and visualizations, together with the ability to embed predictive functionality into line-of-business applications makes SQL Server 2008 a powerful platform for introducing predictive analysis into existing business processes to add insight and recommendations into everyday operations. (4)

Plugin Algorithms SQL Server 2012 SQL Server 2008 R2 SQL Server 2008 SQL Server 2005 In addition to the algorithms that Microsoft SQL Server Analysis Services provides, there are many other algorithms that you can use for data mining. Accordingly, Analysis Services provides a mechanism for "plugging in" algorithms that are created by third parties. As long as the algorithms follow certain standards, you can use them within Analysis Services just as you use the Microsoft algorithms. Plugin algorithms have all the capabilities of algorithms that SQL Server Analysis Services provides. For a full description of the interfaces that Analysis Services uses to communicate with plugin algorithms, see the samples for creating a custom algorithm and custom model viewer that are published on CodePlex Web site.

One Way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) When to Use One-Way, Single Factor ANOVA In a manufacturing or service environment, you might wonder if changing a formula, process or material might deliver a better product at a lower cost. Saving a penny a pound on five million pounds a month can really add up. Saving ten minutes of wait time in hospital might add $100,000 to the bottom line and deliver better patient outcomes. Comparing two or more drug formulations might pinpoint the best drug for a desired result. How can you compare the old formula with a new one and be certain that you have an opportunity to improve? Use one-way ANOVA (also known as single factor ANOVA) to determine if there's a statistically significant difference between two or more alternatives.

One Way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) Imagine that you manufacture paper bags and that you want to improve the tensile strength of the bag. You suspect that changing the concentration of hardwood in the bag will change the tensile strength. You measure the tensile strength in pounds per square inch (PSI). So, you decide to test this at 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% hardwood concentration levels. These "levels" are also called "treatments." Since we are only evaluating a single factor (hardwood concentration) this is called one-way ANOVA. The null hypothesis is that the means are equal: H 0 : Mean1 = Mean2 = Mean3 = Mean4 The alternate hypothesis is that at least one of the means are different: H a : At least one of the means is different To conduct the one-way ANOVA test, you need to randomize the trials (assumption #1). Imagine that we've conducted these trials at each of the four levels of hardwood concentration.

One Way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) You'll find the results of these trials in the ANOVA test data provided with the QI Macros at c:\qimacros\testdata\anova.xls.c:\qimacros\testdata\anova.xls The QI Macros will prompt you for the significance level you desire. While the default is 0.05 (95% confident), in this example we want to be even more certain, so we use 0.01 (99% confident).

critical value (i.e. F> Fcrit) Reject the null hypothesis test statistic < critical value (i.e. F< Fcrit) Accept the null hypothesis p value < Reject the null hypothesis p value > Accept the null hypothesisThe P-value of 0.000 is less than the significance level (0.01), so we can reject the null hypothesis and safely assume that hardwood concentration affects tensile strength. F (19.60521) is greater than F crit (4.938193), so again, we can reject the null hypothesis. Interpreting the Anova One Way test results The QI Macros automatically compares the p value to , but you might want to know how to do this manually. The "null" hypothesis assumes that there is no difference between the hardwood concentrations. The P-value of 0.000 is less than the significance level (0.01), so we can reject the null hypothesis and safely assume that hardwood concentration affects tensile strength. F (19.60521) is greater than F crit (4.938193), so again, we can reject the null hypothesis.">

One Way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) Interpreting the Anova One Way test results The QI Macros automatically compares the p value to , but you might want to know how to do this manually. The "null" hypothesis assumes that there is no difference between the hardwood concentrations. IfThen test statistic > critical value (i.e. F> Fcrit) Reject the null hypothesis test statistic < critical value (i.e. F< Fcrit) Accept the null hypothesis p value < Reject the null hypothesis p value > Accept the null hypothesisThe P-value of 0.000 is less than the significance level (0.01), so we can reject the null hypothesis and safely assume that hardwood concentration affects tensile strength. F (19.60521) is greater than F crit (4.938193), so again, we can reject the null hypothesis. Interpreting the Anova One Way test results The QI Macros automatically compares the p value to , but you might want to know how to do this manually. The "null" hypothesis assumes that there is no difference between the hardwood concentrations. The P-value of 0.000 is less than the significance level (0.01), so we can reject the null hypothesis and safely assume that hardwood concentration affects tensile strength. F (19.60521) is greater than F crit (4.938193), so again, we can reject the null hypothesis.

One Way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) Now we can look at the average tensile strength and variances: The average tensile strength increases, but we cannot say for certain which means differ. The variance at the 15% level looks substantially lower than the other levels. We might need to do additional analysis. If we reran the one way Anova test with just 10% and 15%, we'd discover there is no statistically significant difference between the two means. The P value (0.349) is greater than the signficance level (0.01), so we cannot reject the null hypothesis that the means are equivalent. And F (0.963855) is less than F crit (10.04429) so we cannot reject the null hypothesis. Based on this analysis, if we were aiming for a tensile strength of 15 PSI or greater, the 10% level might be more cost effective.

Two Way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) - Without Replication What's cool about QI Macros Two-Way ANOVA? Unlike other statistical software, the QI Macros is the only SPC software that compares the p-values to the significance level and tells you when to "Accept or Reject the Null Hypothesis" and what that tells you: "Means are Same or Different ". Two Way Anova (Analysis of variance), also known as two factor Anova, can help you determine if two factors have the same "mean" or average. This is a form of "hypothesis testing."hypothesis testing

Two Way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) - Without Replication The null hypothesis is that the means are equal: H0: Factor 1's Means = Factor 2's Means The alternate hypothesis is: Ha: The means are different. The goal is to accept or reject the null hypothesis (i.e., the samples have different means) at a certain confidence level (95% or 99%).

Two Way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) - Without Replication Using Excel and the QI Macros, run a two-way analysis without replication (alpha=0.05 for a 95% confidence). Click on QI Macros menu and select: ANOVA Two Factor without replication.

Two Way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) - Without Replication Interpreting the Anova Two Way Without Replication Results In case you want to know how to do this manually, use these instructions. IfThen test statistic > critical value (i.e. F> Fcrit) Reject the null hypothesis test statistic < critical value (i.e. F< Fcrit) Accept the null hypothesis p value < Reject the null hypothesis p value > Accept the null hypothesisHere, the P-value for Rows (i.e., golfers) is less than alpha (0.05), so we can reject the hypothesis that all of the golfers are the same. The P-Value for Columns (i.e., golf balls) is also less than alpha, so we can reject the hypothesis that all of the golf balls are the same. Interpreting the Anova Two Way Without Replication Results In case you want to know how to do this manually, use these instructions. Here, the P-value for Rows (i.e., golfers) is less than alpha (0.05), so we can reject the hypothesis that all of the golfers are the same. The P-Value for Columns (i.e., golf balls) is also less than alpha, so we can reject the hypothesis that all of the golf balls are the same.

Two Way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) - Without Replication It does look like Brand B and C are similar. We could run a paired two sample t test on Brands B and C to determine if they deliver the same average distance.paired two sample t test Since the p values are greater than alpha (0.05), we can accept the null hypothesis that there is no difference between the two brands of golf balls, except perhaps price.

Mean2 Mean3 The goal is to accept or reject the null hypothesis (i.e., the samples have different means) at a certain confidence level (95% or 99%).">

Two Way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) With Replication When to Use Two Way Anova Two Way Anova (Analysis of variance), also known as two factor Anova, can help you determine if two or more samples have the same "mean" or average. This is a form of "hypothesis testing." The null hypothesis is that the means are equal. The alternate hypothesis is that the means are not equal. H0: Mean1 = Mean2 = Mean3 Ha: Mean1 Mean2 Mean3 The goal is to accept or reject the null hypothesis (i.e., the samples have different means) at a certain confidence level (95% or 99%).

Two Way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) With Replication What if you have two populations of patients (male/female) and three different kinds of medications, and you want to evaluate their effectiveness? You might run a study with three "replications", three men and three women.

0.05" and that the "Means are the same ".">

Two Way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) With Replication Using the QI Macros, run a two-way Anova analysis with replication (alpha=0.05 for a 95% confidence). What's cool about QI Macros ANOVA? Unlike other statistical software, the QI Macros is the only SPC software that compares the p-values (0.179) to the signficance (0.05) and tells you to "Accept the Null Hypothesis because p>0.05" and that the "Means are the same ".

Two Way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) With Replication IfThen test statistic > critical value (i.e. F> Fcrit) Reject the null hypothesis test statistic < critical value (i.e. F< Fcrit) Accept the null hypothesis p value < Reject the null hypothesis p value > Accept the null hypothesisHere, the P-value for Male/Female is greater than alpha (.179>.05), so we accept the null hypothesis that the means are the same. The P-Value for Drugs is greater than alpha (.106 >.05), so the null hypothesis holds as well (means are the same). The P-value for the interaction of the drugs and patients is less than alpha (.006

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Advanced Analytics Data Mining using SQL Server Tuesday, April 17, 2012 from 5:30 PM to 7:30 PM (CT) Thomas Arehart Microsoft Technology Center