Advance Web Technology INTRODUCTION & IMPLEMENTATION OF VB · (System.VisualBasic) as its core. As a result the VB.Net is much enhanced and useful compared to the features offered

Advance Web Technology

Anuradha Bhatia

INTRODUCTION & IMPLEMENTATION OF VB.NET CONTENTS

I. Introduction to VB.Net 1. VB.Net Overview 2. Difference between VB and VB.Net

II. Implementation of VB.Net 1. Features 2. VB.Net IDE

3. Data Types, Loops, Control Structures, Cases, Operators 4. Creating Forms

5. Procedures and Functions

6. Form Controls

a) Error Provider

b) Combo Box

c) Month Calendar

d) Radio Button

e) Text Box

f) Check Box

g) Checked List Box

h) Date Time Picker

III. Implementation of OOP 1. Creation of Class and Objects 2. Inheritance

3. Constructors

4. Exception Handling


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IV. Component Based Programming 1. Working With Private Assembly and Shared Assembly. 2. Using Com Components developed in VB or other Languages .


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I. Introduction to VB.Net 1. VB.Net Overview

1. Visual Basic .NET is Microsoft's Visual Basic on their .NET framework. 2. Visual Basic is an object oriented programming language. 3. Any programmer can develop applications quickly with Visual Basic. 4. It is a very user-friendly language. 5. The pre-programmed code is referred to as the class library. 6. The programs in the class library can be combined or modified in order to suit

the needs of programmers. 7. Programs in .NET run on the CLR or the Common Language Runtime

environment. 8. Regardless of computer, as long as this environment is present, programs

developed in a .NET language will run.

2. Difference between VB and VB.Net (Question: Differentiate between VB.Net compared to VB6 = 4 Marks)

There are quite a few differences between VB6 and VB.Net are:

1. The greatest change in VB6 and VB.Net is that of the runtime environment.

2. VB6 used VB-Runtime while VB.Net uses the .Net Common Language Runtime

(.Net CLR).

3. The CLR is much better designed and implemented than the VB-Runtime.

4. The CLR uses better code translation through a Just in Time compiler.

5. The CLR Garbage Collector is more efficient than VB6 one.

6. VB6 was not a type-safe language while VB.Net is a type safe language. There is

no variant type in VB.Net and no magical type conversions happen in VB.Net

7. VB6 used 'On Error Go to' syntax to handle exceptions at runtime. VB.Net uses

try…Catching…Finally syntax to handle exceptions at runtime.

8. A lot of code (like user interface code) in VB6 was hidden from the developer. In

VB.Net no code is hidden from developer and you can access and control each

part of your application.

9. VB.Net has much better object oriented support than VB6

10. VB6 does not allow for the development of multithreaded applications. In

VB.Net you can create multithreaded applications.

11. VB6 was mainly used for desktop Windows application. In VB.Net more and

more people will develop web applications, distributed applications, create .net

and web controls and components, write windows and web services.

12. In VB.Net, reflections are used to read the meta-data of types and emit. You can

also generate code to define and invoke types at runtime.


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13. VB.Net uses the .Net framework class library along with a specialized VB library

(System.VisualBasic) as its core. As a result the VB.Net is much enhanced and

useful compared to the features offered in the VB6 standard library

14. VB.Net is platform independent because of the .Net framework. Programs

written in VB.Net can run on any platform where the .Net framework is present.

The platform includes both hardware and software (operating system)

platforms.

15. VB.Net also supports language interoperability with various .Net compliant

languages. This means that you can use and enhance the code written in other

.Net compliant languages.

16. The code written in VB.Net can also be used and enhanced by other .Net

compliant languages.

17. Although VB6 also provided this functionality through COM (Component Object

Model), it was limited and difficult to use and manage.

18. VB.Net makes it easier because of the presence of the Intermediate Language

(IL) and Common Language Specification (CLS) of the .Net architecture.

19. VB6 uses COM as component architecture. VB.Net uses assemblies as its

component architecture. The Assemblies architecture has removed a lot of

problems with COM including DLL-Hell and version control.

20. Components created in VB6 (COM) need to make and update registry entries.

VB.Net does not require any registry entries, making the deployment easier.

21. VB6 used ASP to build web applications. VB.Net uses ASP.Net to build web

applications.

22. VB6 used ADODB and RecordSets to implement data access applications. VB.Net

uses ADO.Net and DataSets to build data access applications. ADO.Net also.

II. Implementation of VB.Net 1. Features

(Question: Explain the features of VB.net = 8 marks)

1. Keyword and syntax highlighting

2. Autocomplete, which helps by automatically completing the syntax as you type a

dot (.) with objects, enumerations, namespaces and when you use the new

keyword.

3. Project and solution management with solution explorer that helps to manage

applications consisting of multiple files, which is what usually happens.

4. Help building user interface with simple drag and drop over form window.

5. Properties tab that allow you to set different properties on a number of

windows and web controls.


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6. Standard debugger that allows you to debug your program by putting break

points for observing run-time behavior of program.

7. Dynamic Help on a number of topics using the Microsoft Development Network

(MSDN) library. Compilation and building applications.

8. Execution of your application with/without the debugger.

2. VB.Net IDE 1. Start Microsoft Visual Studio.Net and from the menu select File > New > Project. A

"New Project" dialog will now be displayed.

2. Select "Visual Basic Project" from "Project Type" and select "Console Application"

from "Templates". Type "MyHelloWorldApplication" (without ") in the "Name" text

box below, then click OK.

This will show you the initial default code for your Hello World application.


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Change the name of module from Module1 to "MyHelloWorldApplication" and

type Console.WriteLine("Hello World") inside the Sub Main() functions' body

like whats shown below:

1. To compile and execute your application, select "Start" from the "Debug" menu

or to run the application without Debug press Ctrl+F5.

2. A new console window containing the words Hello World will now be displayed.

3. Press any key to terminate the program and close the console window.

4. Let's build on this code and include some moreVB.NET syntax.

5. Modify your code as below:

3. Data Types, Loops, Control Structures, Cases, Operators Data Types

(Question: Explain the various data types in VB.Net = 4 Marks)

Any kind of variable or element can take on a data type. There are several data

types in Visual Basic. To name the most popular and the most useful are the

following.

1. String - this data type is made up of empty text, a single letter or several letters,

or a group of words.


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2. Boolean - this data type is either True or False, or 1 or 0 representing the former

and the latter, respectively.

3. Byte - this data type can take on values from 0 to 255

4. Integer - this data type can take on whole number values from -32,768 to 32,767

5. Long - this data type can take on whole number values from -2,147,483,648 to

2,147,483,647

6. Single - this data type can take on floating point numbers or numbers with

decimals from -3.402823E38 to - 1.401298E(-45) and from 1.401298E(-45) to

3.402823E38

7. Double - this data type can take on floating point numbers or numbers with

decimals from – 1.79769313486231E308 to – 4.94065645841247E(–324) and

from 4.94065645841247E(–324) to 1.79769313486231E308

8. Variant - this data type can take on any kind of value. Use this data type

sparingly because it takes up more than twice the memory of the other data

types.

Control Structures Flow Control And Conditional Statements If…Then…Else statement

(Question: Explain the if- then- else structure in VB.Net = 4 Marks)

1. Condition checking has always been the most basic and important construct in

any language. 2. VB.Net provides conditional statements in the form of the If...Then...Else

statement. 3. The structure of this statement is

If Boolean expression Then

Statement or block of statement

Else

Statement or block of statement

End If

Example


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Cases

Select…Case statement

(Question: Explain the select case structure in VB.Net = 4 Marks)

If you need to perform a series of specific checks, Select...Case is present in

VB.Net and is just the ticket for this.

The general structure of Select...Case statement is as follows:

Loops

(Question: Explain the various loop structure in VB.Net = 4 Marks)

For…Next Loop

1. The most common type of loop in VB.Net is the For...Next loop.

2. The basic structure of the For...Next loop is exactly the same as in VB6 and is like

so:

For...Next loop that will write integers from 1 to 10 on the console

Do While…Loop

The general structure

1. The statements under Do While will run continuously as long as the Boolean

expression evaluates to true.

2. The similar code for printing integers 1 to 10 on Console using the Do


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Do…Loop While

1. A Do...Loop While is similar to a Do While...Loop, except that it does not check the

condition before entering the first iteration (execution of code inside the body of

loop).

2. The general form of the Do...Loop While is:

3. The statements under the Do will be executed first and then the Boolean condition is

checked.

4. The loop will continue until the condition remains true.

5. The code which prints integers 1 to 10 on console using Do...Loop While is

The important point is that the statements in a Do...Loop While execute at least once.

Do…Loop Until

1. A Do...Loop Until is similar to the Do...Loop While, except that it continues to

execute the containing statements until the condition against the Until part

evaluates to True or the condition against the Until remains False.

2. The general form of the Do...Loop Until is as follows:

3. The statements under the Do will execute first and then the condition is

checked.

4. The loop will continue until the condition remains false. The following code will

print integers from 1 to 10 on console using the Do...Loop Until.

Again the statements in Do...Loop Until execute at least once.


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Operators

(Question: Explain the various operators in VB.Net = 4 Marks)

Arithmetic Operators

Several common arithmetic operators are allowed in VB.Net like

+ (add)

- (subtract)

* (multiply)

/ (divide)

Mod (remainder or modulo)

Assignment Operators

Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables. Common

assignment operators in VB.Net are:

= (simple assignment)

+= (additive assignment)

-= (subtractive assignment)

Relational Operators

Relational operators are used for comparison purposes in conditional

statements.

The common relational operators in VB.Net are:

= (equality check)

<> (un-equality check)

> (greater than)

< (less than)

>= (greater than or equal to)

<= (less than or equal to)

4. Creating Forms

5. Procedures and Functions (Question: Explain the concept of procedure and function in VB.Net = 4 marks)

Methods - Sub Procedures and Functions

Methods are operations that can be performed on data. A method may take

some input values through its parameters and may return a value of a particular

data type. There are two types of methods in VB.Net: Sub Procedures and

Functions.


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Sub Procedure

A sub procedure is a method that does not return any values. A sub procedure in

VB.Net is defined using the Sub keyword. A sub procedure may or may not

accept parameters. A method that does not take any parameters is called a

parameter less method. For example, the following is a parameter less sub

procedure.

Functions

A function is a type of method that returns values. A function, like a sub-

procedure may or may not accept parameters. For example, the following

function calculates and returns the sum of two integers supplied as parameters.

6. Form Controls

1. Checkbox: Enables the user to select or clear the associated component.

2. Checked List box: It displays a list of items with a check box on the left of each item.

3. Combo box: It displays an editable textbox with a drop down list of permissible values.

4. Date Time Picker: It enables the user to pick a date and time and to display the date and time in a specified format.

5. Month Calendar: Displays a monthly calendar wherein the user can select a date.

6. Radio Button: It enables the user to select one option among other radio buttons.

7. Error provider: Initializes a new instance of the Error Provider class and initializes the default settings for Blink Rate, Blink Style, and the Icon.

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.windows.forms.errorprovider(v=vs.110).aspx

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.windows.forms.errorprovider.blinkrate(v=vs.110).aspx

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.windows.forms.errorprovider.blinkstyle(v=vs.110).aspx

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.windows.forms.errorprovider.icon(v=vs.110).aspx


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IV. Implementation of OOP 1. Creation of Class and Objects

(Question: Explain the concept of class and object in VB.Net = 4 marks)

Class Definition

A class definition starts with the keyword Class followed by the class name; and the class body, ended by the End Class statement. Following is the general form of a class definition:

[ <attributelist> ] [ accessmodifier ] [ Shadows ] [ MustInherit | NotInheritable ] [ Partial ] _

Class name [ ( Of typelist ) ]

[ Inherits classname ]

[ Implements interfacenames ]

[ statements ]

End Class

Where,

1. Attributelist is a list of attributes that apply to the class. Optional. 2. Accessmodifier defines the access levels of the class; it has values as - Public,

Protected, Friend, Protected Friend and Private. Optional. 3. Shadows indicate that the variable re-declares and hides an identically named

element, or set of overloaded elements, in a base class. Optional. 4. MustInherit specifies that the class can be used only as a base class and that

you cannot create an object directly from it, i.e., an abstract class. Optional. 5. NotInheritable specifies that the class cannot be used as a base class. 6. Partial indicates a partial definition of the class. 7. Inherits specifies the base class it is inheriting from. 8. Implements specifies the interfaces the class is inheriting from.

The following example demonstrates a Box class, with three data members, length, breadth and height:

Module mybox

Class Box

Public length As Double ' Length of a box

Public breadth As Double ' Breadth of a box

Public height As Double ' Height of a box

End Class

Sub Main()

Dim Box1 As Box = New Box() ' Declare Box1 of type Box

Dim Box2 As Box = New Box() ' Declare Box2 of type Box


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Dim volume As Double = 0.0 ' Store the volume of a box here

' box 1 specification

Box1.height = 5.0

Box1.length = 6.0

Box1.breadth = 7.0

' box 2 specification

Box2.height = 10.0

Box2.length = 12.0

Box2.breadth = 13.0

'volume of box 1

volume = Box1.height * Box1.length * Box1.breadth

Console.WriteLine("Volume of Box1 : {0}", volume)

'volume of box 2

volume = Box2.height * Box2.length * Box2.breadth

Console.WriteLine("Volume of Box2 : {0}", volume)

Console.ReadKey()

End Sub

End Module

When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result:

Volume of Box1 : 210 Volume of Box2 : 1560

Objects 1. An object is the concrete realization or instance on a model specified by the

class.

2. An object is created in memory using the „new‟ keyword and is referenced by

an identifier Called a reference.

For Example

Dim mycar as new car()

OR

Dim mycar as car

mycar=New car()


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2. Inheritance (Question: Explain the concept of inheritance = 4 marks)

1. VB.Net, like C#, Java and contrary to C++, allows only single class inheritance.

Multiple inheritance of classes is not allowed in VB.Net

2. The Object class defined in the System namespace is implicitly the ultimate base

class of all the classes in VB.Net (and the .Net framework)

3. Interfaces, in VB.Net, can inherit more than one interface. So, multiple

inheritances of interfaces is allowed in VB.Net (again similar to C# and Java).

4. Structures in VB.Net, can only inherit (or implement) interfaces and cannot be

inherited.

5. Inheritance allows us to define a class in terms of another class which makes it

easier to create and maintain an application.

6. This also provides an opportunity to reuse the code functionality and fast

implementation time.

7. When creating a class, instead of writing completely new data members and

member functions, the programmer can designate that the new class should

inherit the members of an existing class.

8. This existing class is called the base class, and the new class is referred to as the

derived class.

Base & Derived Classes:

1. A class can be derived from more than one class or interface, which means that

it can inherit data and functions from multiple base classes or interfaces.

2. The syntax used in VB.Net for creating derived classes is as follows:

<access-specifier> Class <base_class>

...

End Class

Class <derived_class>: Inherits <base_class>

...

End Class

Consider a base class Shape and its derived class Rectangle:

' Base class

Class Shape

Protected width As Integer

Protected height As Integer

Public Sub setWidth(ByVal w As Integer)

width = w

End Sub

Public Sub setHeight(ByVal h As Integer)


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height = h

End Sub

End Class

' Derived class

Class Rectangle : Inherits Shape

Public Function getArea() As Integer

Return (width * height)

End Function

End Class

Class RectangleTester

Shared Sub Main()

Dim rect As Rectangle = New Rectangle()

rect.setWidth(5)

rect.setHeight(7)

' Print the area of the object.

Console.WriteLine("Total area: {0}", rect.getArea())

Console.ReadKey()

End Sub

End Class


Total area: 35

Base Class Initialization

1. The derived class inherits the base class member variables and member methods.

2. Therefore, the super class object should be created before the subclass is created.

The super class or the base class is implicitly known as MyBase in VB.Net

3. The following program demonstrates this:

' Base class

Class Rectangle

Protected width As Double

Protected length As Double

Public Sub New(ByVal l As Double, ByVal w As Double)

length = l

width = w

End Sub

Public Function GetArea() As Double

Return (width * length)

End Function


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Public Overridable Sub Display()

Console.WriteLine("Length: {0}", length)

Console.WriteLine("Width: {0}", width)

Console.WriteLine("Area: {0}", GetArea())

End Sub

'end class Rectangle

End Class

'Derived class

Class Tabletop : Inherits Rectangle

Private cost As Double

Public Sub New(ByVal l As Double, ByVal w As Double)

MyBase.New(l, w)

End Sub

Public Function GetCost() As Double

Dim cost As Double

cost = GetArea() * 70

Return cost

End Function

Public Overrides Sub Display()

MyBase.Display()

Console.WriteLine("Cost: {0}", GetCost())

End Sub

'end class Tabletop

End Class

Class RectangleTester

Shared Sub Main()

Dim t As Tabletop = New Tabletop(4.5, 7.5)

t.Display()

Console.ReadKey()

End Sub

End Class


Length: 4.5

Width: 7.5

Area: 33.75

Cost: 2362.5


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3. Constructors (Question: Explain the concept of constructor and destructor in VB.Net = 8 marks)

Constructors

1. A class constructor is a special member Sub of a class that is executed whenever we create new objects of that class.

2. A constructor has the name New and it does not have any return type.

Following program explains the concept of constructor:

Imports System Module module1 Sub main() Dim obj as new A Obj.show() Console.readline() End sub Public class a Public function show() Console.writeline(“this is base class”) End function public Sub New ( ) Console.WriteLine (“This is demo of Constructor Creation!!!!!”) End Sub End Class End module

Destructor

1. A destructor is a special member Sub of a class that is executed whenever an object of its class goes out of scope.

2. A destructor has the name Finalize and it can neither return a value nor can it take any parameters. Destructor can be very useful for releasing resources before coming out of the program like closing files, releasing memories, etc.

3. Destructors cannot be inherited or overloaded.

Following example explains the concept of destructor:

Class Line Private length As Double ' Length of a line Public Sub New() 'parameterised constructor Console.WriteLine("Object is being created") End Sub Protected Overrides Sub Finalize() ' destructor Console.WriteLine("Object is being deleted") End Sub


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Public Sub setLength(ByVal len As Double) length = len End Sub Public Function getLength() As Double Return length End Function Shared Sub Main() Dim line As Line = New Line() 'set line length line.setLength(6.0) Console.WriteLine("Length of line : {0}", line.getLength()) Console.ReadKey() End Sub End Class


Object is being created Length of line : 6 Object is being deleted

Methods:

(Question: Differentiate between method and event in Vb.Net.- 2 marks each = 4 marks)

1. Methods are operations that can be performed on data.

2. It may take some input values through its parameters and may return a value of

a particular data type.

3. There are two types of methods:

• Sub Procedure

4. A sub procedure is the method that does not return any values.

• Functions

5. A function-n is a type of method that returns values.

6. Sub main is the main function which is nothing but method.

Events:

1. “Events” are a special mechanism to notify client code from the class.

2. Events can be raised for a certain situation and inform client code so that

appropriate action may be taken by client’s code.

3. Very common event examples are textbox’s text changed event, button’s click

event, connection’s close event.


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(Question: What is the purpose of the text property of a button and text property of a form?

Purpose Button: Two (2) Marks, Purpose Form: Two (2) Marks = 4 marks)

Ans: Purpose of text property of a button:

1) It is used to display the name of the button at run time

2) It is used to distinguish between two buttons.

Purpose of text property of form:

1) It is used to give the unique name of the form.

2) It is used to display the name of the form at run time.

4. Exception Handling (Question: explain Exception handling in Vb.Net = 4 marks)

Structured Exception Handling

1. Structured exception handling tests specific pieces of the code and, as exceptions

occur, adapts your exception-handling code to the circumstances that caused the

exception.

2. It is significantly faster in large applications than unstructured exception handling

and allows more flexible response to errors as well as greater application reliability.

3. The Try...Catch...Finally control structure is fundamental to structured exception

handling.

4. It tests a piece of code, filters exceptions created by the execution of that code, and

reacts differently based on the type of thrown exception.

The Try...Catch...Finally block

5. Try...Catch...Finally control structures test a piece of code and direct how the

application should handle various categories of error.

6. Each of the structure's three constituent parts plays a specific role in this process.

7. The Try statement provides the code that is being tested for exceptions.

8. Catch clauses identify blocks of code that are associated with specific exceptions.

9. A Catch When block directs the code to execute under specific circumstances.

10. A Catch without a When clause reacts to any exception.

11. Therefore, your code might hold a series of specific Catch...When statements, each

reacting to a specific type of exception, followed by a general Catch block that reacts

to any exceptions that have not been intercepted by the preceding Catch...When

clauses.

12. Finally statement contains code that executes regardless of whether or not an

exception occurs within the Try block.

13. A Finally statement will execute even after an Exit Try or Exit Sub.

14. This code often performs clean-up tasks, such as closing files or clearing buffers.


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V. Component Based Programming 1. Working With Private Assembly and Shared Assembly.

(Question: Explain Working with Private Assembly and Shared Assembly in VB.Net = 4 Marks)

1. A private assembly is normally used by a single application, and is stored in the

application's directory, or a sub-directory beneath.

2. A shared assembly is normally stored in the global assembly cache, which is a

repository of assemblies maintained by the .NET runtime. Shared assemblies are

usually libraries of code 1

3. In private assembly all the referred DLL's will be copied into global project

debug folder but in shared assembly will not.

4. Private assemblies are faster in accessing, when compare with shared

assemblies 3

5. Memory wise shared assembly is recommended.

6. The private assembly is used when only one project need to be developed for a

client but shared assembly is used when more than one project Need to be

developed

2. Using Com Components developed in VB or other Languages.

1. A .NET component always compiles to a dynamically linked library (DLL), which

is invoked and loaded into memory at run time.

2. What has not been explained is that DLLs are always loaded into the same

process space occupied by the host application (that is, the consumer).

3. This means that Windows manages the consumer application and component as

a single process.

4. The component shares memory and other computer resources with the

consumer.

3. In-Process vs. Out-Of-Process Components

1. The .NET in-process component architecture results in very fast and reliable

communication between the consumer and component.

2. They share the same process space, Windows does not have to pass messages

between the consumer and component.

3. The consumer is able to read and write the consumer's properties very quickly.

4. Not all service providers run as in-process components.

5. Thousands of legacy applications conforming to the Component Object Model

(COM) architecture have been built over the years.

6. These service providers use an entirely different mechanism (built on

Microsoft's ActiveX specification) to communicate with their client applications.


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7. A COM-based ActiveX server publishes its interface as a type library, which is

roughly equivalent to a .NET application's manifest.

8. The type library contains the definitions of classes exposed by the COM server,

including the properties, methods, and events supported by each exposed class.

4. Integrating COM Components with .NET

1. Integrating a Microsoft ActiveX® component with a .NET application is very

similar to incorporating a .NET component into the same application.

2. First, the COM component's type library is added to the .NET application's

references. Next, objects are created and instantiated from the classes exposed

by the COM component. Visual Basic .NET code then manipulates the COM

object's properties, methods, and events.

3. COM components run in their own process thread, outside of the .NET

application's process space.

4. This means that Windows independently manages the COM component's

resource requirements, and passes messages between the component and its

consumer.

5. Although the COM out-of-process integration architecture is bound to be a

somewhat slower than .NET's in-process design, most users will never notice

the difference.

6. Follow these steps to create a .NET Windows application that incorporates

Microsoft Word as a COM-based ActiveX component (Microsoft Word must be

installed on your computer in order for this example to work):

7. Open Visual Studio .NET. On the File menu, click New, and then click Project.

8. In the New Project dialog box, under Project Types, select Visual Basic

Projects. Under Templates, select Windows application.

9. Name the new Windows application project COM Component Integration and

click OK.

10. In Solution Explorer, right-click References, and on the context menu, click Add

Reference.

11. In the Add Reference dialog box, click the COM tab and locate Microsoft

Word in the list of components. (The exact version of Word is relatively

unimportant for this demonstration.)

12. Highlight Microsoft Word, click Select to add it to the Selected Components

list, and click OK.

13. .NET responds by asking you whether you would like a wrapper (described

below) generated for the Word object library. Click Yes to indicate that you

want .NET to build the wrapper for you.

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Advance Web Technology INTRODUCTION & IMPLEMENTATION OF VB · (System.VisualBasic) as its core. As a result the VB.Net is much enhanced and useful compared to the features offered