2/7/2017

1

Figurative Language

Terms!

POETRY• One of three major types of literature

• No single, defining characteristic

• Musical and emotional language

• 3 major types: lyric, narrative, concrete

• Divided into lines and stanzas

FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE

• Writing or speech not meant to be taken literally

• Used to state ideas in creative, imaginative ways

ALLITERATION• Repetition of consonant

sounds at the beginning of words

ALLITERATIONEXAMPLES!

• The cat curls up on the comfortable couch.

• Luckily, I love to eat Lucky Charms.

• Devin devours the delicious donuts.

• Mrs. Pile eats many miniaturemarshmallows on Mondays.

• Betsy baked a box of brownies for Ben’s birthday.

Adv. English: CLICHÉ• Stereotyped expression

• Expresses popular or common thought or idea, that lacks novelty, cleverness, and impact because of overuse

2/7/2017

2

CLICHÉEXAMPLES!

• Go with the flow

• As old as the hills

• If only walls could talk

• Plenty of fish in the sea

• Like a kid in a candy store

• Absence makes the heart grow fonder

• Want more? http://www.clichelist.net/

Adv. English: Flashback• Interruption in sequence of events that

relates to something that occurred earlier

FlashbackEXAMPLES!

• “The Lady or the Tiger” – story goes back to when she makes her decision

• Others?

Adv. English: Foreshadowing• Suggestion of things that are going to

occur

• Used to build interest and create suspense

ForeshadowingEXAMPLES!

• What did you say?

Free Verse•No regular rhythm

• Lines vary in length

• Less limiting

2/7/2017

3

LYRIC POEM

• Highly musical verse

• Expresses observations and feelings of a single speaker

HYPERBOLE

• An exaggeration for emphasis

The situation is at least a million billion times worse than I imagined.

HYPERBOLEEXAMPLES!

• I'm so hungry I could eat a cow.

• His head is so big he won't fit through the door. (Meaning: He's full of himself.)

• I ate 100 pieces of pizza last night.

IMAGE/IMAGERY

• Word or phrase that appeals to one or more of the five senses

•Used to describe the five senses

IMAGE/IMAGERYEXAMPLES!

• The golden sun was shining brightly in crystal clear, blue and cloudless sky.

• The rain glistened on the sidewalk as drops of water fell down like diamonds from the sky.

• Her pink sequin dress sparkled as millions of cameras flashed to take her picture.

METAPHOR• Points out similarities between

two unlike objects

• Figure of speech where one thing is described as though it is something else

• Doesn't use like or as

2/7/2017

4

METAPHOR EXAMPLES!

• "Language is a road map of a culture. It tells you where its people come from and where they are going." - Rita Mae Brown

• "Love is a battlefield." -Pat Benetar• Time is a thief.• My room is a black hole.• “Life is a highway.”

EXTENDED METAPHOR• Comparison of two unlike things

without using like or as

• Uses several comparisons instead of just one

EXTENDED METAPHOR EXAMPLE!

The fog comes on little cat feet.

It sits looking over harbor and city on silent haunches and then moves on.

Write this down!!!

ONOMATOPOEIA• Using words that imitate

sounds (words that sound like the meaning of the word)

ONOMATOPOEIAExamples!

• Buzz• Crack• Fizz• Pop• Snap• Swoosh• Bam!

Write two or three of these down!

OXYMORON

• A contradictory comparison

2/7/2017

5

OXYMORON Examples!• Awfully nice• Jumbo shrimp• Clean dirt• Pretty ugly• Clearly misunderstood• Exact estimate• Original copy• Seriously funny• Same difference• Act natural• Student teacher

Write down 2-3 of these examples!

PERSONIFICATION

• Giving humanlike qualities to a non-human subject

PERSONIFICATIONEXAMPLES!

• The pencil jumped off my desk.

•My computer hates me.

• The camera loves me.

• The rug tripped me.

• The drawer bit my finger.

REFRAIN

• Regularly repeated line or group of lines in a poem or song

REFRAINEXAMPLES!

From “I knew you were trouble” by Taylor Swift

'Cause I knew you were trouble when you walked inSo shame on me nowFlew me to places I'd never been'Til you put me down, ohI knew you were trouble when you walked inSo shame on me nowFlew me to places I'd never beenNow I'm lying on the cold hard groundOh, oh, trouble, trouble, troubleOh, oh, trouble, trouble, trouble

Don’t write this down! Just look at it!

2/7/2017

6

REFRAINEXAMPLE TO WRITE DOWN!

“The Highwayman” – Alfred Noyes

REPETITION• Repeating (more than once)

any element of language

• Repeated sound patterns: rhyme, alliteration, rhythm

• Refrain = repeated line, lines or group of lines

REPETITIONEXAMPLES!

• "And miles to go before I sleep,And miles to go before I sleep."From: Robert Frost, "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening”

• "...Nevermore... Nevermore" from "The Raven" by Edgar Allen Poe.

RHYME

• Repetition of sounds at the ends of words

RHYMEEXAMPLES!

I love to eat donuts all the time.

I don’t share because they’re all mine.

Dunkin’ Donuts munchkins taste the best.

Those donuts are better than all the rest!

Cat, bat, hat, mat sing, bring, fling, ka-ching!Mall, fall, ball, crawl key, flee, pea, kneeTop, mop, flop dove, love, above

RHYME SCHEME• Regular pattern of rhyming words in a

poem

• Rhyme scheme is marked with lowercase letters

2/7/2017

7

RHYME SCHEMEEXAMPLE!

I love to eat donuts all the time.I don’t share because they’re all mine.Dunkin’ Donuts munchkins taste the best.Those donuts are better than all the rest!

I dream about donuts every night.If I can’t have a donut, I’ll put up a fight!Donuts taste so incredibly great.I would love to have donuts on a date.If my date took my delicious treat,I’d chase him down the street!

aa

bb

c

cd

de

e

RHYME SCHEMEEXAMPLE!

Beware the dangershine of Moon,Do not disturb the bugs of June!”The elder mouncelors whisperoonA tune that tells Jam what to fear:

“Danger’s lurking in the lettuce,Tween the celery, stalkers get us!Open moonlight is a menace.Trust in shadows – disappear.”

aa

a

b

b

ccc

Once Upon a Twice, Denise Doyen

RHYME SCHEMEWRITE THESE DOWN!

timebestminerest

nightfightgreatdatetreatstreet

MineFineDivineLove

BroomGroomSwoonDove

Pink

Blue

Green

Yellow

aa

a

b

b

c

cc

a

ab

b

c

cddee

a

b

c

d

Every

other

line

Every

two

lines No

lines

rhyme

Varied

RHYTHM• Pattern of beats (or

stresses/emphasis) in written or spoken language

RHYTHMEXAMPLE

Double, double toil and troubleFire burn, and caldron bubble

DOU-ble, / DOU-ble / TOIL and / TROU-ble;FI-re / BURN, and / CAL-dron / BUB-ble.

From Macbeth by William Shakespeare

It was many and many a year ago,In a kingdom by the sea,

That a maiden there lived whom you may knowBy the name of Annabel Lee;

And this maiden she lived with no other thoughtThan to love and be loved by me.

From “Annabel Lee” by Edgar Allen Poe

2/7/2017

8

RHYTHMEXAMPLE TO WRITE DOWN!

She was a child and I was a child in this kingdom by the seaBut we loved with a love That was more than loveI and my Annabel Lee.

From “Annabel Lee” by Edgar Allen Poe

SIMILE

• A comparisonbetween two unlike ideas using LIKE or AS.

SIMILEEXAMPLES!

• My love is like a red, red rose.• "It's been a hard day's night

and I've been working like a dog." -The Beatles

• His skin was as cold as ice.• He is as fast as a cheetah.• Mrs. Pile is as slow as a tortoise when she

runs.• "I will be rising from the ground like a

skyscraper." -Demi Lovato

STANZA

• Formal division of lines in a poem

• Functions like a paragraph does in writing

• Each stanza states and develops a single main idea

STANZA EXAMPLES!"Good Riddance (Time Of Your Life)" - By: Green Day

Another turning point, a fork stuck in the roadTime grabs you by the wrist, directs you where to goSo make the best of this test, and don't ask whyIt's not a question, but a lesson learned in time

It's something unpredictable, but in the end it's right.I hope you had the time of your life.

So take the photographs, and still frames in your mindHang it on a shelf in good health and good timeTattoos of memories and dead skin on trialFor what it's worth it was worth all the while

It's something unpredictable, but in the end it's right.I hope you had the time of your life.

It's something unpredictable, but in the end it's right.I hope you had the time of your life.

It's something unpredictable, but in the end it's right.I hope you had the time of your life.

Don’t write this down! Just look at it!

STANZA EXAMPLES!I remember when we broke up the first timeSaying this is it, I've had enough, 'cause like

We haven't seen each other in a monthWhen you, said you, needed space, what?

Then you come around again and sayBaby, I miss you and I swear I'm gonna changeTrust me, remember how that lasted for a day

I say, I hate you, we break up, you call me, I love you

Oooh we called it off again last nightBut Oooh, this time I'm telling you, I'm telling you

We are never ever ever getting back togetherWe are never ever ever getting back together

You go talk to your friends talkTo my friends talk to me

But we are never ever ever ever getting back together. Like ever...

I'm really gonna miss you picking fightsAnd me, falling for a screaming that I'm right

And you, will hide away and find your piece of mind with some indie record that's much cooler than mine

Oooh you called me up again tonightBut Oooh, this time I'm telling you, I'm telling you

We are never ever ever getting back togetherWe are never ever ever getting back together

You go talk to your friends talkTo my friends talk to me

But we are never ever ever ever getting back together

I used to think, that we, were forever ever everAnd I used to say never say never

Huh, he calls me up and he's like, I still love youAnd I'm like, I'm just, I mean this is exhausting, you

knowWe are never getting back together, like ever

We are never ever ever getting back togetherWe are never ever ever getting back together

You go talk to your friends talkTo my friends talk to me

But we are never ever ever ever getting back together

We, oooh, oooh, not back together, weOh, getting back together

You go talk to your friends talkAnd my friends talk to me

But we are never ever ever ever getting back together

Taylor Swift – “We are never getting back together”

2/7/2017

9

SYMBOL

• Something that stands for something else (represents something else)

SYMBOL EXAMPLES!

• A clock could represent time passing you by.

• A crossroads could representa big decision you need to make.

• The Ghost of Christmas Future represented death (Scrooge’s future if he didn’tchange.)