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CS3240 - Human Computer InteractionLecture 1 : Usability of Interactive SystemsLecture 1 : Usability of Interactive Systems

Lecturer : Dr Bimlesh Wadhwadcsb @n s ed [email protected]

ContentContent

1 Interaction Design & HCI1. Interaction Design & HCI2. Evolution of HCI3. User, Usability and UX, y

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Interaction Design & HCI

Computing and communication devices, M Lib E hibiti

1-4Museums, Library, Exhibition, On-line communities, Websites, Phone applications….

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ExampleExample

1-5From: www.baddesigns.com

Examples

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• Art Craft or EngineeringArt, Craft or Engineering

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Interaction Design & HCIHuman-computer interaction is a discipline concerned with

the design evaluation andthe design, evaluation and implementation of interactive computing systems for human use d ith th study of majoruse and with the study of major phenomena surrounding them.

-- Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)

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Designing interactive products to support the way people


g g p pp y p pcommunicate and interact in their everyday and working lives

Sharp Rogers and Preece (2007)– Sharp, Rogers and Preece (2007)

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Interaction Design & HCIInteraction Design & HCI

The design of spaces for human communication and interaction

– Terry Winograd (1997)

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Artists and designers are trained to use the language of explicit meanings to a rich communicative element over and above direct functional communication If we only design with thefunctional communication. If we only design with the function of something, not what it also communicates, we risk our designs being

i i t t d W t t t it tmisinterpreted. Worst, we waste an opportunity to enhance everyday life.

Bill Moggridge

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Find and read whatFind and read what (i) Jakob Nielsen & (ii) Don Norman ( )have to say about HCI and Interaction Design.

Jakob Nielsen : useit.com

1-12Don Norman : jnd.org


It is about understanding and creating software and products and technologies that people will want to use will be able to use and willwill want to use, will be able to use, and will find effective when used.

Example :htt //f t lf i b ki /

1-13http://futureselfservicebanking.com/

ContentContent


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E l ti fEvolution of HCIHCI

HCI- Beginning

The beginning of HCI is traced to the March 1982 (U.S.) g g ( )National Bureau of Standards conference, "Human Factors in Computer Systems“.

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HCI- Foundation

Iterative development from software engineering

User interface software from computer graphics

Psychology & human factors of computing systems

Models, theories, and frameworks from cognitive science

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HCI- Key initiativesy

ACM's Special Interest Group in Computer- Human Interaction (SIGCHI).( )

IFIP's Task Group on Human-Computer Interaction (later, Technical Committee 13).

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HCI- Focus

Initial focus : • methods and software, and • the integration of the two in a framework called user-

t d t d l tcentered system development.

Other focal areas that have developed• groupware/cooperative activity• groupware/cooperative activity • media/information.

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Evolution of HCI

Read up more about past-present-future of HCI.

Example : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gpvjEg9IiSc

People

ProductsTrends

HCIToolsTechnologies

1-20Challenges

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User

– Who the users are.

– What activities are being– What activities are being carried out.

– Where the interaction is taking place.

1-23Anna, IKEA online sales agent

Usability• user-friendly

easy to use; accessible; comprehensible; intelligible; idiot f il bl d dproof; available; and ready

• “friend”friend – helps – valuable.

d t d– understands– reliable and doesn’t hurt. – pleasant

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Usability goals

• Effective to use• Efficient to use• Safe to use• Easy to learn• Easy to remember how to use• ...

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Usability motivations

• Life-critical systems

– e.g. Air traffic control, nuclear reactors

– High costs, reliability and effectiveness expected

– Lengthy training periods

Subjective satisfaction is less an issue– Subjective satisfaction is less an issue

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Usability motivations (cont.)

• Industrial and commercial uses – e.g. Banking, insurance, pos

– Speed of performance, satisfaction & Ease of learning fairly important

– Error rates are relative to cost

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Usability motivations (cont.)• Office, home, and entertainment applications

Word processing, electronic mail

E f l i ti f ti li h l l tEase of learning, satisfaction, online help, low cost important

Population has a wide range of both novice and expert users

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• Exploratory, creative, and cooperative systems

Web browsing, search engines, artist toolkits, scientific modeling systemsscientific modeling systems

Collaborative work

Benchmarks are hard to describe for exploratory t k d d itasks and device users.

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• Social-technical systems

e.g. Voting, health support, identity verification, crime reporting

Trust, privacy, responsibility, and security are issues

Verifiable sources and status feedback are important

Administrators need tools to detect unusual patterns of usage

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Universal Usability

Human dimensions, strength, reachSense perception Vision: depth contrast color blindness andVision: depth, contrast, color blindness, and motion sensitivity Screen-brightness preferences To ch ke board and to chscreen sensiti itTouch: keyboard and touchscreen sensitivity Hearing: distinct audio clues

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Universal Usability

• Physical abilities and physical workplaces

Human dimensions, strength, reachSense perception Vision: depth contrast color blindness andVision: depth, contrast, color blindness, and motion sensitivity Screen-brightness preferences To ch ke board and to chscreen sensiti itTouch: keyboard and touchscreen sensitivity Hearing: distinct audio clues

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The standard ANSI/HFES 100-2007 Human Factors Engineering of Computer Workstations (2007)

Universal Usability (cont.)

• Users with physical challengesp y g

• Older Adult Users

• Younger users

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C i i d l bili i• Cognitive and perceptual abilities

• Long-term, Short-term, and Sensory memoryLong term, Short term, and Sensory memory• Language communication and comprehension • Learning, skill development, knowledge acquisition,

and concept attainmentand concept attainment• Problem solving and reasoning• Decision making and risk assessment

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• Personality differencesC lt l d i t ti l di it• Cultural and international diversity– Left-to-right versus right-to-left versus vertical input and reading – Characters, numerals, special characters, and diacriticals

Date and time formats Numeric and currency formats– Date and time formats , Numeric and currency formats – Weights and measures – Telephone numbers and addresses – Names and titles (Mr Ms Mme )– Names and titles (Mr., Ms., Mme.) – Social-security, national identification, and passport numbers – Capitalization and punctuation – Sorting sequences So t g seque ces– Icons, buttons, colors – Pluralization, grammar, spelling – Etiquette, policies, tone, formality, metaphors

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User eXperience

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UX

• “look and feel” (Mac)

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UX

• “look and feel” (Vista)

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UX

• “look and feel” …

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UX Goals

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Lecture 1Key pointsey po ts

1. Interaction design is concerned with designing interactive products to support the way people communicate andproducts to support the way people communicate and interact in their everyday and working lives.

2. It is concerned with how to create quality user experiences.

3. It requires taking into account a number of interdependent factors, including context of use, type of activities, cultural differences and user groupsdifferences, and user groups.

4. It is multidisciplinary, & involves many inputs from wide-1-41

y yreaching disciplines and fields.

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