ARCHITECTURE JOURNAL

STUDIO AIR_PARAMETRIC DESIGN

ST NAME: THEODORE TONG ST NO: 557523

MED MARTJORNAL WEEK ISWAN PAVILION

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ARCHITECTURE AS SCUPLTUREARCHITECTURE AS SCUPLTURE

“This is architecture as art. The architect is a special kind of artist who works in three dimensions... works to enclose space as well as simply making objects in space. It includes elements of the other arts, but it is superior to them because it is a synthesis of them all.” (Williams, R.)

PROJECT NAME: Swan PavilionDESIGNER: TheodoreYEAR: 2010LOCATION: Hong KongUSAGE: Pavilion

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SWAN PAVILION THE SCULPTURE IN CITY

The site is a theme park that adopts the style of Chinese garden, where contain lot of vegetation, and the river and pool is the linkage with the whole site. And my design theme, swan, just come from it. A “SWAN” sits on the pool, it draws a connection with the surrounding and create a comfortable and peaceful condition for the user to take rest. The design is different from the tra-ditional one, four columns with a roof. Creating

ARCHITECTURE

ART SCUPLTURE

SOCIAL

TWO DIMENSIONS FACADE

DECORATION

INTRODUCE ART CULTURE DISCOUSE

SPACE

FORM

FUNCTION

FUNCTION SHADING DEVICE

HUMAN COMFORT COMFORTABLE

BUILDING = FURINITURE

RESTING

SLEEPING

READING

DRAW ATTENTION LANDMARK

INNOVATION

USAGE

ORGANIC CONTRAST WITH EXISTING BUILDING

THREE DIMENSIONS

THEME

MATERIAL TIMBER

SWAN RELATE TO NATURE

X

X X

a unique sculpture will catch people attention rather than being “state of distraction”, people would discourse with the other whether it is beau-ty or not, and comfortable or not. It is the value of the architecture act as a sculpture.

DESIGN APPROACHThe ECO pavilion project was my first year ar-chitectural studio project. I use wire to build up conceptual model for the further studying on the shape since I didn’t know any software. For this

project, I spend most of time on making physical model on finding shape, which waste more time than building the digital model, it just take a few second to form a new shape when twisting and compressing the surface.

However, I would prefer to make “a few” physical models. You can pick it up and view from different angle, it show the realistic and real-texture on the surface.

CONCEPT

To begin with the project, the team starts an innovation with a waiting area outside an existing building. Designer need emphasis on presenting the usage of it thought introducing the original charac-teristic. Otherwise, no one will know the function of the building. The team tries to resemble the typical bus to stop by using a right-angled shell.

BENEFIT FROM DIGITAL DESIGN

The team came out a curvaceous “S” shape panel by stretching and twisting the orthogo-nal grid of the surface thought rhino, the team mention that “Design in the digital age provides a freedom to explore complex compositions of form”. Historically plans is a time consuming document to be created by hand, and it is difficult to study the three dimensional, complex characteristics, but the problem or constrain can be solved by using digital design. The sculptural architecture takes a great benefit on it because they need to build and mock up sculptural elements in the process of the design.

RETHINK

“Architecture needs to be thought of less as a set of special material products and rather more as range of social and professional practices that sometimes, but by no means always, lead to buildings.” (Richard W., 2005) Architects must analysis the site before design process is started; it is the only way to connect the project with surrounding. The goals are not just creating an aesthetic and unique sculp-ture; the site is not a stage for display. Each of the architectural should suite for specific location since basic function of architec-ture is to create a space that suit for human needs, and respond to the society, it should have interaction between human and space, since it is the unique art that serving human in their daily life. Otherwise, the design is just an art, a sculpture or a build-ing. Moreover, designer should not spend all the time on solving technical problem or treat it as constrain. Technique study is the tool for architects to produce the actual product that can stand properly from their mind.

CONCLUSION

To conclude with, architecture is not a sculpture, painting, even an art. Architects are not just consider envelope design or the achievement of beauty when designing, they would consider the communication the building and the society since it is the only ‘art’ that people will touch in their general daily life, which kind of material should be used for which situation, or whether it is legal to form this kind of space or not. Thus, architectures are focus on various conditions during design.

RELATION TO STUDIO PROJECT

The task of the air studio required us to build a sculp-ture next to the high way, which means the drivers are impossible to touch the sculpture physically. But it still drives connection with the driver, visually. It is necessary to think about what can they see when the driving speed is at 100km/h. We might need to extend the sculpture horizontally rather than develop it vertical, because the drives still have a few seconds to take a look on the sculpture.

REFERENCE

Williams, richard (2005). ‘architecture and Visual Culture’, in Exploring Visual Culture: Definitions, Concepts, Contexts, pp. 102-116, p. 108

SOCIAL COMMUNICATION

Moreover, it create connection between the “sculpture” and society since the lower curve created a bench and the upper curve provided a canopy that suite for human when they are waiting for bus. Importantly, the design of architecture must communicated with the surrounding, local society, which mean to find out the characteristic of the site and fulfill the human need, otherwise it is just an art, a sculpture.

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ARCHITECTURE AS SCUPLTURE ARCHITECTURE AS SCUPLTURE

INFORMATION

PROJECT NAME: Aggregated Porosity CanopyDESIGNER: UNstudio and Zaha Hadid ArchitectsLOCATION: The Hunan University School of Architecture in ChinaYEAR: 2011PURPOSE: Exterior Waiting Area

TAICHUNG METROPOLITAN OPERA HOUSEJORNAL WEEK IIART PAVILION

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COMPUTING ARCHITECTURE

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COMPUTING ARCHITECTURE

INFORMATION

PROJECT NAME: Music PavilionARCHITECT: SOMALOCATION: SalzburgYEAR: 2011PURPOSE: Pavilion

INFORMATION

The temporary art pavil-ion creates unique contemporary art productions in Salzburg, a famous city known for classical music. The pavilion is mainly used for a festival of contem-porary music, Salzburg Biennale.

DESIGN CONCEPT

“Art is a cultural process involving many participants within a discourse. This process does not unlock itself on first sight, but unfolds through encounter and engagement.” (Soma, 2011) The design achieve this goal by emphasis-ing the envelope, the unique sculptural façade provokes attention and invites visits to excavate the know and unknow.

A 2-meter long aluminum profile is arrayed to create oscillating spatial effects. The single sticks merge into a mass-like structure that changes its appearance during the day according to different light conditions. The speculative in-tention behind the “obliteration” of the pavilions structure is to prevent any conventional notion or cliché of “construction”. Instead the pavilion

should appear arbitrary to invite visitors to invent their own associations and interpretations.

To realize these conceptual ideas, conventional methods are not feasible. Contradic-tion of regularity and irregularity and interaction of single elements that perform together as a complex whole cannot be reconciled in a straight forward process.

RETHINK

The reason that architects try to use computer for their design is to spend less of time to finish in the same qual-ity, and finish the complex design in a easy way. Computer can help us to generate a various option and development from the designer’s own concepts. As the art pavilion, the team would have their own concept in the initial period, grasshopper is just the tools to made those concept come true, they do not use com-putation to generate a shape to form their design. In this stage, I am absolutely agreed to have this design process, form follow concept. If we use design compu-tation to be the real business of creative design (which means generate the most suitable design, by considering the cost, ef-ficiency and site analysis automatically), it might only have one absolute design for a specific space, and it won’t have creative architecture anymore “Design computation is still only seen by many as ‘just a tool’ and remote from the real business of crea-tive design(Frazer, J. h., 2006)

REFERENCEFrazer, John h. (2006). ‘the generation of Virtual prototypes for performance optimization’, in GameSetAndMatch II: The Architecture Co-Laboratory on Computer Games, Advanced Geometries and Digital Technologies, ed. by Kas oosterhuis and Lukas Feireiss (rotterdam:

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COMPUTING ARCHITECTURE

INFORMATION

PROJECT NAME: Taichung Metropolitan Opera HouseARCHITECT: Toyo Ito & AssociatesLOCATION: Taichung City, TaiwanYEAR: 2009-2013PURPOSE: Opera House

“Architecture has to follow the diversity of society, and has to reflect that a simple square or cube can’t contain that diversity.”

Toyo Ito

CONCEPT

Ito reflects the the-atrical arts (spatial arts which combine the body, art, music and performance) by using volumetrically continuous sur-faces. It creates a connection between different level.

FUNCTION

Different function will provide dif-ferent treatment. Ito concerns the optimum settings for different types of performance that moves beyond the constraints of a traditional Opera House. He forage the suitable shape of curvilinear surface for opera house since differ-ent shape of surface will affect reflection of the echo directly, it is easier for him to produce sorts of study model by using computer. RERE

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COMPUTING ARCHITECTURE

The design is an open struc-ture which actively engages its surround-ings in all directions and creates opportu-nities for myriad encounters between high art and popular art, artists and visitors, stage and auditorium, interior and exte-rior. Ito calls this space the Sound Cave.The computing program gives flexibility when designing the structural system. Designers can build up a complex three-dimensional structure for

FLUID CONTINUITY STRUCTURE

their own building, which means that de-sign might not have constrain on structure anymore. Ito takes vertical and horizontal structural elements from Sound Cave as a continuous network. It is perceived as a fascinating and flexible “acoustic space” before entering on of three theatres, which, in three dimensions, connects Arts Plaza, workshops, foyers, restaurants etc.

RELATION TO STUDIO PROJECT

We might to design a sculpture to cre-ate connection between the nature and the driver or both ways of highway driver. To achieve the goal, we might need to have a semi transparent model which won’t block the whole view behind it.

And there should be less of constrain on structural design since it will not to curry hu-man’s load, and using grasshopper can help use to create complex structure element or envelop.

RETHINK

“entities or processes that are already conceptualized in the designer’s mind are entered, manipulated, or stored on a computer system. In contrast, computation or computing, as a computer-based design tool, is generally limited.” (Kostas T., 2006) I feel confused that whether designer should be called architect or IT professional if they use computer as a design tool. One day, the computer might generate a design automatically after entering the requirements (location, social analysis, economical analysis) as the technical development. The task for designer is just entering information into software. Is it the trend of the architectural development?

REFERENCEKostas T., 2006. Algorithmic Architecture (Boston, mA: elsevier), p. xi

MED MARTJORNAL WEEK III

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SCRIPTING CULTURE

INFORMATION

PROJECT NAME: Cleveland Medical Mart and Convention CenterARCHITECT: LMN ArchitectsLOCATION: Downtown ClevelandYEAR: 2013PURPOSE: Medical Mart Building

FACADE DESIGN

The designer tries to reinforce the envelope system by using digital design and fabrication to embracing the use of precast concrete, which have high potential to form different pattern by using different types of mold, and it would be a great material for fabrication, the details about fabrication will be illustrated on the next page.

Moreover, the designer creates a unique, sculptural façade system on the concrete wall. Which will catch the attraction rather than distracted by surrounding. However, they got a big challenge due to the limited time

was allowed, since they just have 8 months to complete pre-design, schematic design and design document.

He achieves the goal by using grasshopper for envelope system study. To generate and adjust the pattern of windows, he just needs to map different image in the grasshopper to create different façade geometry. It gives a huge variable for the façade design during the design process, bring a new method for architects to design the building, and help to explore lot of iterations in a rather short period of time, giving a much faster feedback loop.

GENERATION OF BUILDING GEOMETRY

SCRIPTING CULTURE

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MODEL MAKING

Building up a physical model proved invaluable in discussion with the others. Commu-nication is important in architectural firms. It would encourage different people to give their own opin-ions that you haven’t thought about it. Some how, it is one of the processes to improve the design.

In this case study, The 1/2” scale hydrostone panels were often used in meetings reviewing formal refinement for the casting and form-liner fabrication process. Architectural Poly-mers, form-liner fabricators, used the same Rhino file that was used to create the 3d prints for the model. A large CNC router was used to cut the full-size master from a piece of high-density foam. All of the panels sizes are derived from the larg-est panel. This allowed a single master-panel to be used as the primary casting surface for every panel type.

RETHINK

The introduction of parametric modelling change the way of design work, takes Medical Mart as example, the team can try different image sample to form different pattern on the façade in grasshop-per in the design stage, it will spend less of time on developing the façade by replacing another image into the image sample definition. Designers may need to spend more than triple time on rebuild the pattern in traditional approach.

Moreover, they can just send the grass-hopper files to construction engineer; it is much easier for them to read the design since the mode is in three-dimension instead of drawing lot of construction document.“It turns out that this single change has far reaching effects on the way designers work, on what designers need to know, on what can be expressed and built and on the systems needed to represent de-signs.” (Woodbury et al.)

MATRIXJORNAL WEEK IV

ATTRACTOR POINT ARBITRARY POINTS

OVERLAPPING PATTERNS

ARBITRARY POINTS

OVERLAPPING PATTERNS

-un-userfriendly since it need to add lot of points to form the pattern

-Curve take two close corners of polygon to be the edge points-Form amazing pattern

-un-userfriendly since it need to add lot of points to form the pattern

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IMAGE SAMPLER

USING SURFACE NORMALS

DATA DRIVEN EXTRUSION

SURFACE INTERSECTIONS

DATA DRIVEN ROTATION

DATA DRIVEN ROTATIONBOOLEAN PATTERN

SURFACE GRID DATA DRIVEN ROTATION

USING SETS

-Easy to for different size of cubes due to overlapping effect

- The brighter image is, the larger circule is- Flexible and easy to form matrix thought rearrange the color from image

- Gemotry become smaller when it is close to the curve- Easy to adjust the pattern

-Effect is similar to overlapping(INPUT), but DATA DRIVEN ROTATION can rotate the image

- Show intersections points- Regular order

- Copy the original geometry & place next to it- Create much complex matrix

- Orientation of the geometry alone surface- Flexible to form facade pattern - Orientation of the geometry

alone surface- Flexible to form facade pattern

DIRECTION - Z

DIRECTION - X

Rotate from different angle and different size of circle

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CASE STUDYJORNAL WEEK II

PROJECT NAME: GANTENBEIN VINEYARD FAÇADEGANTENBEIN VINETARD FAÇADEARCHITECT: GRAMAZIO & KOHLERLOCATION: FLASCH, SWITZERLANDCOMPLETER: 2006

DEFINITION: IMAGE SAMPLE ROTATION

CONCEPT Gantenbein Vineyard Facade is used parametric design to achieve the functional need of the building with aesthetic aspect. The facade encourages not only the sun, but also the whole nature to the internal space. Gramzio & Kohler introduce brick, the tradition building material, with special treatment to provide a new in novation, each of the brick elements with different orientation

form a three dimensional textural façade. The team create pattern on the brick wall by us-ing grasshopper’s definition, image sample, to change the orientation of the brickwork. The degree of rotation of brick is proportional to the brightness of image. And it forms an inter-esting three-dimensional pattern and image on a simple surface.

CONSTRAINS

- Regular shape and size brick to form a wall- May be less of creativities and development on the case

CASE STUDY

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CASE STUDY

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The bricks generate an amazing light and shadow pattern insider the building thought rotating the brickworks, the small gap between brickworks allows the façade to act as temperature buffer and light filter, which ensure the wine will not deterioration under direct sunlight and create a confidence envi-ronment for fermentation. The orientation of each bricks re-tains different reflection and form different degree of illumination. The gaps between each element allow the façade to become a semi-transparency brick wall. The interior spaces are loomed at the side view because of the gaps. However, it become a solid brick wall when in the front side. Moreover, it have the some theory at night but in opposite way, the electrical light will be permeated to exterior space though the jointing.

FA BRIATIONJORNAL WEEK VI

FABRICATION

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The case study model produces an amazing light and shadow effect on the surface after fabricating it. It has different texture and shadow due to the change of the orientation of each bricks. The model inspire us to have further devel-opment, the zip zap surface

We have study a sort of conceptial mod-els to study the effect from diffferent geomety with different change’s element.

The panel which contain the change of orientation of pattern show the shadow from differ-ent time, however, it is not successful that the model only get a strong effect on shadow study. Here is the conceptual model that forms the shape of our final model. From the left photos, it showed that part of the model is block by the front panel. But you can see almost the whole part of the model on the other edge.

FABRICATION

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CONCLUSION

The difficulty of this project is the function of our de-sign, we are not only to build an aesthetic sculpture without any social consideration for the gateway, eventhought using grasshop-per can generate fabulist models. For the social consideration, the function of this project is quite special when comparing with the pervious projects. It is just a sculpture site on the site, which mean there is no physical linkage between the design and human, people can not touch it, smell it or stay inside for a few minutes. If only have a visual connection with the human who are in 100m/h on car, We need to think about the scale, pattern and shape that the driver can view the sculpture for a while.

The function of the design is a signpost to alarm the driver that they are not in city anymore, but in another world, the nature, and freedom area. That’s why our team try to emphasis the change for this project, different location will create different feel-ing, at the same time, different treatment can project the change of feeling from mental to physical way. It is better than using the map of Melbourne to form the pattern on the façade, it is not the representation of Melbourne, but just the enlarged map placed on the site.

ACHIEVEMENT

This studio force to use grasshopper to form the design, and I think we already achieve the goal since we all know the basic operation about the grasshopper. Furthermore, the innovation to change the program of this studio is to introduce the digital model-ling, the design approach that is different from the original one. It is good for us to practice a new thinking style since we can compare which approach is much suitable for our own, and I find my own way finally, I would not use the computational method my design, but a tool to achieve the thing what I want.

DESIGN CONCEPT & DEVELOPMENT

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CHANGE OF...

The sculpture act as a signpost which alarm the drivers that they are already leaved away city, and entering to the nature, Wyndham City.

DENSITY

NODE: Melbouurne CityANTI-NODE: Wyndham

To represent the symbolic of a city, the driver will get a narrow view to nature because of the tiny gap between each panel when driving from Melbourne city, it is just like a semi-transparent screen.

NATURE

LESS-DENSE

MAN-MADE

DENSER

On the other edge (close to Wyndham), it provide wider view to nature by enlarg-ing the gap between panels, that bring the message “Welcome to Wyndham, welcome to wildlife”

GEOMETRY

Force from surroundingMelbourne: Many force/pressure from the city (noise, housing density, lifestyle, money, communication, so-cial relation...)Wyndham: Only one force stress from nature (wind)

ASSOCIATION:

OUTPUT:Melbourne:RegularWynham: Curvilinear

INPUT: Using a simple plane rectangle form to be the basic ge-ometry of panel

NOISE

MONEY

LIFESTYLE

POPULATION

FOOD

HOUSING DENSITYSOCIAL RELATIONBUSINESS WI

ND

COMMUNICATION

HEIGHT

HIGHEST: Wyndham LOWEST: Melbouurne City

Drivers can only view the first few panels if plac-ing the lowest one are placed at the front, they couldn’t release how long the sculpture is before passing thought it. The shorter panels will create a feeling of pressure, on the other hand, higher one will give a feeling of freedom

DESIGN CONCEPT & DEVELOPMENT

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Driver can see the scuplture clearly even at night because of reflection of headlight from car The material will change gradually vertically, the scuplture will seem to be dissapear to the sky

MATERIAL

Reflective Road Aignages Material

DAY TIME

NIGHT TIME

NON-REFLECTIVEREFLECTIVE