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Architecture Design Studio: AIR
Vladimir Jokic389 997
Architecure Dis-course
Modern Computa-tional Design
Performance Driv-en Design
Modern Scripting
Matrix of Design Exploration
1 A Brief Outline on the Discourse of Architecture1 A Personal Project (Studley Park Boathouse)2 Blobwall (G. Lynn)3-4 Parametric Apartment Complex Proposal
5 The Advantages of Computational Design6 Innovations in Computational Design
7 Comparison of Old and New Design8 EcoTect Analysis
9-10 CJ R&D Center (Kinetic facade)
11-12 Matrix of Grasshopper explration13 Promising design exploration
Contents
Reverse Engi-neered Case
Fabrication
Design Concept
Reflction
14 Airspace Tokyo- Voronoi Pattern
15 Digital Fabrication16 Gantenbein Winery
17 Design Concept
18 Reflection
Contents
The project for the Wyndham Gateway project needs
to be an innovative and captivating installation that is
to reflect the changing and developing area within the
Wyndham region.
For this project the use of parametric design seems
the only appropriate solution because it represents the
future of architecture which is one of the key points
when ananlysing the region. It has many advantages
over conventional design, and can play a role in creat-
ing an attraction that defines the region.
The project involved designing a new boathouse in the mould of
a certain architect, in this case Alvar Aalto, the renowned Finnish
architect of the 20th Century. The focus of the project was to create
a boathouse which would create a building which would become
a local attraction to the site, whilst capturing key elements from
Aalto’s works (in this case public buildings because of the scale
of the project) and translating those same ideas and elements into
the 21st century. What this project taught me was to how to select
key elements, develop them and use them to drive a design which I
intend to do with the installation in Wynhdam City Council.
Tip!1My first point of focus in creating a work
based on Aalto’s revered architecture was to focus on the interaction with the surrounding environment, using the landscape to shape the design using materials to represent the surrounds. material honesty was a key com-ponent of his work. He used materials to express structure or culture both local and national.
2The second focus point of my design
was the organisation of space according to impor-tance, especially consid-ering this was a public building.
3The third area of focus was in creat-
ing a public space which would be both an attrac-tion to non paying patrons as well, ergo be a place of socialisation and interac-tion.
4The form had to rep-resent the building’s
strong public importance, which is why it revised the ‘tun’ form to bring the project into architecture more indicative of today.
The Blobwall installation is the first internationally
renowned project I would like to ananlyse as part
of my proposal for the use of technology driven ap-
proach to create the roadside installation in Wer-
ribee. The success of the Blobwall and the global
interest in it lies with how Lynn was able to redefine
what ‘building blocks’ could be. Instead of being
rectangular as is the norm, he proposed, designed
and built an installation that uses individually de-
signed ‘blobs’ as the building blocks for construc-
tion.
It’s success also stems from Lynn’s daring and
technology driven approach to architecture, the
building form is computer and software driven to
respond to certain drivers (wall curvature, number
of ‘blocks’ etc.). The process of computer modelling
allows for paperless architecture, one which is not
relaint on people being able to read architectural
drawings but rather have interactive 3D models to
examine and study during construction, it allows for
changes to be instantaneously reflected in the de-
sign/model. It is an adaptive and intitive process .
The installation redefined architecture by chal-
langing people to think outside the norm. it was a
groundbreaking project, but that is so often the case
with new and groundbreaking works when they first
appear. This type of installation creates several
ideas which I hope to recreate with my installation,
the primary being the creation of an installation that
comes to define the region by creating an installa-
tion that creates global and local interest.
Architecure DiscourseWhat defines Architecture?
My Personal ProjectStudley Park Boathouse
The Blob-wallBy: Greg Lynn
1These apartments are made using parametric computer
modelling. Each of these apart-ments is comprised of individual elements of ‘blocks’ ala Lynn that are pieced together depending on the needs of the tenants. This design takes great inspiration from nature; natural growth (seed and up), phyllotaxis and phototropism.
3The image top left illustrates how these buildings rise up
from the ground according to the different algorithms which are dependant on the who lives there, their occupation, number of oc-cupants etc. This allows architects the freedom to focus on provid-ing an appropriate structure to all stakeholders, which is needed at Wyndham Council.
2There is potential in this design for it to become a dy-
namic design, in that the building is able to be adjusted to changes in the drivers. The building can update itself in the virtual world to changes in the drivers readily, which potentially be realsied in the real world with varying projects, like possibly at Werribee.
review
ParametricApartmentsLondon
I have chosen this project because
it builds on the princples of Lynn’s
work with the Blobwall installation
but translates them into a design
proposal for an apartment com-
plex in London.
Whilst the connection between
this and project and that of the
Blobwall is not immediately clear,
beside the obvious use of para-
metric modelling and the futuristic
shapes, they do share the same
design principles and forward
thinking.
The building form is driven by
the design influences, problems,
requirements or problems, as op-
posed to conventional procedure
or deriving a form and inside it fit-
ting the elements required by the
stakeholders.
The relationships of elements are
the drivers in the form, as can be
seen on the images to the left no
building looks alike, as no combi-
nation of tenants is alike in their
requirement and needs.
The installation in Wyndenham
needs to engage with modern and
contemporary design and digital
culture and use this to create an
installation that becomes synony-
mous with art and culture.
Advancing the Archi-tectural Discourse
This building along with Lynn’s Blobwall are mov-ing architecture into a new domain. They are redefin-ing the design process and buildings elements by pioneering a contraversial design system based in the virtual world.
They have moved away from an archaic method of architecture towards a more adaptive and collab-orative process by which the needs of all are taken into consideration. This allows for more responsive and immediate alterations to be visualised, for archi-tecture which is designed to respond to drivers, for more flexible modelling al-lowing multiple designs, for the building to evolve with the changes around it.
The movement away from paper architecture frees the architects to explore forms which cannot be achieved or realised with conven-tional methods, for more collaboration between architects, engineers, oc-cupants, as opposed to a system by which th ede-signs are passed on and redrawn as before. It turns concpetualised works into realisable projects.
The use of computational software has enabled ar-
chitects and designers worldwide to experiment and
create buildings, installations and fixtures previously
unfathomable.
The ability to transfer computer generated models
straight to a digital fabrication facility has meant that
architects and designers are not limited to ‘off-the-
shelf-components’ but instead allows for complex
forms and geometries (double curves) to be easliy
made and assembled.
Parametric architecture needs to be used for the gateway project because it is symbolic of not only a cul-
tural shift to more performance driven architecture but of a change in thinking of architects. the build-
ings, installations or sculptures are modelled around parameters. The parameters influence the design by
setting restrictions on size, shape, geometry, rotation, etc., however these restrictions on the parameters
should not be viewed as prohibitive restrictions but rather as design opportunities.
The dynamic, growing and thriving area that Wyndham is in need of an installation that will create a cultural
and visual representation of the community, which is why parametric architecture is most appropriate. The
council is provided with a unique opportunity to represent the growth of the area by utilising a design sys-
tem and methodology that is growing in popularity globally, thus positioning the area as a leader in design
and ergo positively portraying the area internationally and nationally.
1The models update almost instanta-
neously meaning they are always accurate reducing the chances of error in design or fabrication in comparison to paper arch.
2The ability to easily fabricate the models
using custom made piec-es increases the scope of design.
3Unlike paper architec-ture there is an error
checking system in place to help diagnose errors in scripting and help to resolve these issues.
4One of the key positives of 3D ar-
chitecture is the ability to constantly preview what the designed object will look like unlike paper architecture.
One of the most widely used analysis tools by para-
metric designers in Grasshopper is the Geco plugin
which connects to Autodesk Ecotect. The purpose
of this software is to visualise performance data for
easier communication, design feedback enabling de-
signers to make amendments to designs to achieve a
cooler and more energy efficeint building, which in a
world heavily influenced by .
Advantages of Com-putational Design
Parametric DesignAdvantages of Digital Modelling
The
The
Scripting allows for designs to be developed from a
bottom up approach, and to be free to derive the form
from aspects of building performance. An example of
this is the Jyväskylä Music and Arts Center in Finland
by OCEAN Design Research Association. The script
follows 3 points to derive the form 1- location, orienta-
tion and density of struts, 2- structural, acoustic per-
formance requirements and 3- design guidelines (i.e.
3 lattice systems, volume of space etc.)
Data simulation and modelling occurs in close to
real time, allowing quicker responses by designers
to problems. This can be seen in the AA Component
Membrane in London, which used software to map
the movement of the sun to guide the design of the
rooftop canopy (to provide maximum shade) whilst
also dealing with wind loads and precipitation. The
response of the canopy to the elements was what
drove the design. The upside of using computation-
al software is that the software derives the data for
manufacturing for the assembly members.
Parametric design does however come with some
downsides. Design can be restricted by the
capabilities of the computer program
and software to compute or analyse
elements. Certain aspects of the
design might be unachievable
in the digital realm because the
software does not have the nec-
essary function to achieve the
desired result, however as more
people are becoming involved in
scripting, problems are being solved
as they arise. However the biggest
hurdle for many to overcome is the initial
trepedation which comes as a result of being ex-
posed to something new, and having to learn and adapt to a
completely new way of design.
One of the biggest advantages of parametric architec-
ture and design is the ability to create complex
geometries like in the example above of ...
The software in the above example was
able to calculate the loads exerted on
each of the individualised members,
such that the structure would be
able to function properly. It allows
for repetetive tasks to be completed
with ease which is important for our
design which features a repeating
pattern over a number of panels.
new vs.old
1Parametric modelling and architecture is more flexible because it allows for the designer’s or
architect’s true intent to be brought to fruition as the designer has full control of all elements and is not reli-ant on elements which can be bought of the shelf.
2The reason that many choose to design and work with paper architecture is the fear of designing in a
new method, the fear associated with being exposed to an unknown especially one as frightening as computer programming.
ECOTECTSPORTS STADIUM DESIGNDesign Proposal
1Autodesk Ecotect Analysis is a sustainable environmental de-
sign software. It is a software that allow for stimulation of mutiple building analyses. It can calcu-late greenhouse gas emissions, energy usage, building thermal performance, water usage, solar radiation, daylight and shadows as well as many other environmental analyses.
2The advantage of using software like Ecotect are
significant. They allow for building optimisation to occur as a result of a series of data simulations of building performance. Building op-timisation is of great importance in the 21st century because of issues arising from global warming and increasing material scarcity.
3The ability to receive feedback on design performance and
subsequently making the necessary adjustments to fix points of concern or make more efficient design deci-sions based around opportunities for better design is another advan-taged offered by software like this. It allows for design to be influenced by the opportunites presented by performance to shape form.
Nem cor aligentMod quaspic tecusam et quatus eicabores
Conceptual DesignAt this stage in the design process the team to design a pattern or image which is to guide the design process, it allows the team to subsequently work on finding the conflicts be-tween the design idea and building performance.
ModellingIn this stage, the team uses modelling and parametric techniques to analyse and develop the design to respond to the stimuli anal-ysed (sun, wind etc.). These can be done by a variety of methods, either scripting (Grasshopper) or modelling (3Dstudio Max).
Analysis & TuningAt this stage the building performance is measured using software and based on the results the build-ing is adjusted to perform more efficently. It creates a circular process of design by the presence of flexible parameters.
DocumentationIn the last stage, the desings are presented in documentation drawings, the files are prepared for manufacturing, vreate physical models for the clients to visualise the final outcome.
1The biggest advantages that this type of construction provides
over the usual ‘static’ designs is that they enable the architects and clients to set crieria or parameters which al-low it to be built in response to those, especially in regards to exterior skins as in this example, it results in design without preconceptions. The build-ing is seen and performs like a living organism.
2One of the biggest concerns when designing buildings as such is that they can be designed
purely to respond to certain conditions and as such the buildings can be impractical, too complex or become an eyesore, but this building has managed to create an environmentally firendly building that not only performs well environmnetally but has a focus also has an aesthetic quality provided by the use of long flowing curves whcih are linearly stacked. The horizontality balances the use of rounded towers and curved passageways between the two towers.
4The kinetic facade was mod-elled using 3D mechanical
modelling software that allowed for the creation of multiple relationships with complex geometry. However the designers noted that programs like Inventor and Solid Works could po-tentially in the future be able to run more complex problems and identify points of stress and recommend improvements in real time.
3One of the areas most where there is room for most im-
provement with such design comes from the ability to use software to adjust buildings to certain parameters which is key in designing a suitable structure for Wyndham City Council.
This is a project which uses
modern scripting techniques in
order to create architecture which
is both representative of future
architecture as well as architec-
ture which responds better to
environmental conditions or other
facrtors specified by the clients or
architects to create fundamentally
better buildings.
This is a design by Yazdani Studio
as part of Cannon Design research
initiative into individual surface
system components which are
able to better respond to environ-
mental or other local stimuli.
They refer to these systems as
Paratronic surfaces, in reference to
a biological term used to describe
this system whithin plants.
This building is an attempt to
create a building with a outer skin
that responds in real time to solar
radiation by using a scissor mech-
anism onto which the membrane
would be placed. The membrane
would filter out direct sunlight and
minismise glare whilst also allow-
ing for natural light to enter when
opened.
What this project shows is the
capability of software to design fo-
cus driven fixtures, and the design
process in general.
CJ R&D Center-Kinetic Fa-cade
In order to gauge a better under-
standing of scriting and how it has
translated to real world finished
articles of architecture, I have
reverse engineered a finished proj-
ect in Airspace Tokyo.
The purpose of this exercise is to
understand how to translate the
architectural ideas for an installa-
tion into Grasshopper scripts. This
will help in the task of creating the
Gateway project because it will
help us with developing a suitable
script to match our design intent.
For this study I have chosen
to recreate the Airspace Tokyo
because our group is interested in
pattern movement and overlays
of layers to create a changing or
moving image.
This building utilises different
laters and pattern overlays to cre-
ate varying effects with light and
shadows within the structue.
Reverse En-gineered Case
The above exploration in Grasshopper promised to have the
most potential as it was a true representation of parametric
design and surface manipulation driven by a parameter. In this
case the surface “windows” are either populated by a box or
another quadilateral depending on the surface relationship to
the sun in radians (vector)The above exploration in
Grasshopper is of mathe-
matical equations (mul-
tiple) and using then and
RUnion to create interest-
ing growth patterns.
The above exploration in Grasshopper is of punched
out circles to a curved surface using surface nor-
mals to ensure that they are aligned with the surface.
The exploration to the
right in Grasshopper is of
to do with creating pat-
terns using RUnions and
Attractor Points.
The exploration to the left in Grasshopper is ofpattern
creation using Boolean points and Arbitrary points.
These patterns in particular are reflective of changes in
the Boolean Pattern (True and False values).
Fabriaction process and how it could apply to this
project. We envisage the fabrication process to
involve the creation of tabs, cutouts, clamps and
folds to create curved surfaces of the panels and
louvers.
The joint system could possibly take the shape of
the connections in that of the above image, which
are basically clips from one piece or strip of cutout
material with a similar cutout which is perpendicu-
lar to the other strip.
1The use of laser cutters has become almost com-mon place in both the educational and profes-
sional domain with regards to architecture and design. They provide enormous advantages over non pre fabricated models, as they provide incredible accu-racy when cutting the irregularly shaped individual complex geometries that often define parametric and computational design. The cost of machines varies significantly and the amount of programming and modes also varies, but generally speaking they are easy and intuitive to use.
2The second most common method of digital fabri-cation comes in the form of 3D printing .This meth-
od prints the models in layers comprised of fine plaster dust. The model is reproduced in high detail, however the practice in the professional world is considerably less in comparison to than that of laser cutters and in the education sector because the cost is considerably higher for professionals. The biggest concern with 3D printing is designing the scale models as opposed to the proposed installation as the models have to be thicker than necessary in full size realised projects.
Nem cor aligentMod quaspic tecusam et quatus eicabores
4We believe that the way this would be fabricated would be
through a series of flat surfaces with the perforations and then tabbed together to create the curved surface. The louvers would be attached with a locking tab sys-tem to ensure structural stability.
3The above image above is of the Gantenbein winery in
Switzerland. The brick facade was fabricated by a specialy designed robot. It individually placed all the bricks, cut them to size and applied a specially designed bonding ma-terial to the bricks to join them. The panels were transported and lifted onto the site.
As discussed previously one
of the biggest advantages to a
parametric and computer based
modelling approach is the ability
to build using digital fabrication
methods such as lasers cutters,
3D printers, and construction
facilitated by the use of robots.
The advantage of these meth-
ods to other regular construction
methods is that they provide
a more efficient and accurate
realised project whcih are often
comprised of irregularly shaped
complex geometries which have
many complex connections and
joints based around the unique
and irregualr patterns which would
be non realisable without these
technologies.
Architects tend to draw what they
can build and build what they can
draw. This stems from architects
being limited to design with ele-
ments like steel and bricks that
come in size and shapes provided
by the manufacturers but the abil-
ity to create individual non uniform
buildings elements opens up a
whole new world for designers by
releasing them from the confines
of regular forms to one where they
are free to experiment and design
and build as they envisage.
Digital Fabri-cation
The process of fabrication using a laser cutter us-
ing with Grasshopper and Rhino is a simple and
intuitive process. The Rhino model has to be flat-
tened into 2 dimensional strips (unrolled from a
3 dimensional form). These strips are labelled ac-
cording to their location within the model, i.e. strip
2, row 3, left etc. The fabrication allows for the
creation of individual pieces which join together
to create smooth and curved surfaces. The fabri-
cation process allows for the creation of complex
geometries through the assembly and cutting of
simpler geometries and shapes which when con-
nected result in the creation of complex shapes.
CONCEPTCultural Bridge
1The thinking behind our concept design was that we
wanted to create an installation that would create a cultural bridge between modern scripting and architectural techniques with the existing indigineous culture of Australia and in particular the Wer-ribee area.
2Our concept was to create a moving/morphing image
or roadside flip book that would show a transition between a series or images (possibly with cultural reference) seperated by large veri-cal louvers to create a visually stimulating design, and feature. The design would create a moving image as people would drive by.
3We hope to integrate indigine-ous Australian dot painting
techniques and colour schemes into the panels to create a cultural link to the past inhabitants of Wer-ribee region. We were inspired by the geometric shapes and colours of the Spanish pavillion of 2005 and of course dot paintings by na-tive Australian inhabitants.
2The biggest concern we have with this design concept pro-
ceeding forward is the possibilty of being racially insensitive which was brought up as a possible outcome of trying to create a monument which attempts to bridge two societies which do have animosity between them, which is we need to focus on creating a less polarizing and less socially sensitive installation.
1Digital design is superior to archaic paper architecture be-
cause it is able to produce complex geometries, is a more efficient and streamlined form of design and is something which is being increas-ingly used whcih very much makes it a style and way of thinking for future architecture, which presents Wydnham a unique opportunity to get ahead of the curve.
On reflection the development
process of design facilitated by
the use of parmetric architecture
and modelling is undeniably more
efficient and appropriate than pa-
per architecture when it comes to
design of the roadside installation
at Wydenham.
The process of design is more
streamlined, and quicker because
the manipulation of surfaces
and patterns in Grasshopper and
Rhino are almost instantaneously
reflected in the model and the
result of this is that there is more
exploration of design and the out-
comes which will result in better
architecture.
The fabrication process of laser
cutting has many superior quali-
ties to that of hand made models,
installations. The precison in
cuts is unmatched, the speed of
fabrication and cost are further
advantages, but perhaps the big-
gest advantage lies in the ability
to fabricate unique and complex
geometries which without the
use of digital fabrication methods
would be impossible.
Digital design and fabrication is
the future and Wyndham Council
needs to choose this method to
demonstrate that it is one of the
main centres of future growth,
development and modernity.
Reflection