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Adrenocortical hiperfungsi hipercortisolisme / Cushing Syndrome Isnadi Agus

Adrenocortical hiperfungsi askep

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Adrenocortical hiperfungsihipercortisolisme / Cushing

Syndrome

Isnadi Agus

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ADRENOCORTICAL !"ER#$NCTION

yperfunction of the cote% adrenal mening%atnyaprodu%si hormon gli%o%orti%oid& mineralocorti%oid danandrogen'

ypercortisolisme / Cushing Syndrome

"ertama di%enal %an oleh ar(ey Cushing tahun )*+,

 it fromo(er acti(ity of the adrenal %elen-ar

Adalah . %umpulan ge-ala yang dia%iat%an oleh eragai %ondisiyang menyea%an pening%atan %adar glu%o%orti%oid darahmenetap

Insiden 0 1 2 ,1 %asus / ) -uta pendudu% / tahun

3eriso% usia ,1 2 41 tahun 5anita uncontrol diaetes oesity

Dapat ter-adi spontan a%iat dari pemerian dosis forma%ologi

senya5a gli%o%orti%oid'

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adalah %ondisi %lini% seagai a%iat daripaparan %roni% glu%o%orti%oidmenyea%an %adar glu%o%orti%oid dlmsir%ulasi erleihan'

  diseut -uga seagaihiperadreno%orti%alisme

iperadrenal%orti%alisme

iper%ortisolisme

"enyea paling umum 0 se%resierleih ACT dari %elen-ar hipo6sisanterior 7Cushing8s disease9

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Cushing syndrome adalah penya%it dimana tuuhmenghasil%an terlalu anya% hormon %ortisol  disea%an%onta% yang terlalu lama pening%atan %adar glu%o%orti%oidendogen maupun e%sogen'

ormon %ortisol  produ%si oleh %elen-ar adrenal  diperlu%anuntu% erespon dalm %eadaan stress& mengatur si%lus tidur:

angun dan respon terhadap peradangan'

ipo6sis memprodu%si adenocorti%otropic hormon 7 ACT9yang mengontrol pelepasan %ortisol dari %elen-ar adrenal'

;ortisol penting agi tuuh

 -i%a produ%si terus menerus

 merusa% tuuh'

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ETIOLO<IA' Cushing8s disease 0

Dapat t-d 0

secara spontan

 cushing8s syndromespontaneous atau & merupa%anpenyea teresar& %e-adian %ira, , 2 4%asus / -uta populasi dan pd 5anita * =

leih anya% drpd la%i:la%iseagai hasil pemerian %roni% 7-ang%apan-ang9 %orti%osteroid  Cushing8ssyndrome iatrogenic

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Spontaneous cushing8s syndrome /Cushing8s disease isa t-d a%iat 0

Adenoma hipo6sis se%resi erleih ACT7> *?@9

iperplasia difuse / pituitary corticotrophcells yg ertanggung -a5a thdphiperse%resi ACT

iperplasia %m% %rn hiperse%resi CR olehhipotalamus atau tumor pense%resi CR

7CR:secreting tumors9iperse%resi %roni% CR tida% menyea%an

adenoma hipo6sis

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3' Ectopic ACT Syndrome

 Tumor non hipo6sis mensintesis mense%resi%an secara erleih7hiperse%resi9 ACT yg a%tif secara

iologi atau peptida menyerupaiACT 7ACT:li%e peptide9

3iasanya %arsinoma sel %ecil dariparu atau tumor %arsinoid dariron%hial

Leih anya% menyerang la%i:la%i

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C' ECTO"IC CR Syndrome

Sangat -arang menyea%an Cushing8s SyndromeSeagian esar %asus erhu dg tumor %arsinoidron%hial

D' Functioning Adrenocortical Tumors3ai% adrenocortical adenoma dan carcinomamenyea%an Cushing8s syndrome melaluipengeluaran %ortisol secara autonomAdenoma memp (as%uler yang tinggi& dengan area

ne%rosis& perdarahan& degenerasi %ista dan%alsi6%asi isa metastase %e gin-al&retroperitoneum& li(er dan paru

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E' Adrenal Bicronodular yperplasia arang menyea%an Cushing8s SyndromeSe%itar separuh %asus timul secara mendada%

padaana%, dan de5asa muda

#' Adrenal Bacronodular yperplasia arang menyea%an Cushing8s Syndrome3eerapa pasien dg macronodular hyperplasia

tida%menun-u%%an gamaran cushingoid tipi%al

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"ato6siologi

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spontan Iatrogeni%

<lu%o%orti%oid>>

;ataolisme protein

Intergumen otot (as%uler

Atropi mudahrusa%/Lu%a

Atropi lemah

 Tipis

Rupturserautelastis

Striae 7 unggu9

Resi%o ggn odyimage

Lu%asu%arsemuh

<gnIntergritas%ulit

Intoleransi a%ti(itas

"enyo%ongperi(as%uler lemah

Lu%a memare%imosisi /petchie

pementu%antulang

;ataolisme

;

 aringan

adiposa 

Siste m Imun

 Tulangrapuh/osteoporosis

Resi%oin-uri /peruahan(eterr

a

>>gli%oneogeneis

ipergli%emia

 distriusi disentraltuuh

CushingoidOesity

Boonf ace3ufallohump

<gn pementu%anantiodi humoral proliferasi limfoid

respon imunResi%o infe%si

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;lasi6%asi ACT dependentCushing8s diseaseEctopic ACT syndromeEctopic corticotropin:releasing hormone syndrome ACT independentIatrogenicAdrenal adenomaBicronodular hyperplasiaBacronodular hyperplasia

;et 0 ACT 0 Adrenocorticotropin hormone  0 accounts per ) percent or less of cases7Adapted 5ith permission from Orth DN Cushing8s

Syndrome' N Engl' 'Bed& )**1 . ++, 0 F*) 2 G?+9

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ACT:dependent Cushing8s

syndrome 0H Cushing8s disease G?@ %asus

ACT:dependent

H Ectopic ACT hypersecretion

,?@H Ectopic CR secretion  -arang

Dimana %esemuanya ditandai dg

hiperse%resi ACT %roni% danpening%atan se%resi %ortisol

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ACT:independent Cushing8s

syndrome 0H <lucocorticoid:secretingadrenocortical adenoma dancarcinoma

H Adrenal micronodular danmacronodular hyperplasia

;esemuanya ditandai dg se%resi secaraautonom %ortisol dan pene%ananACT hipo6sis

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Adrenal tumor

Carcinoma danadrenal adenomaprimer tida% di a5ah%endali hipotalamus:

hipo6sis dan %mdsecara autonommense%resi%an leih%ortisol

iper%ortisol mene%anprodu%si ACThipo6sismenyea%an atro6

%orte%s adrenal

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#$N<SI ;ORTISOL

Bemelihara te%anan darah dan fungsi

%ardio(as%uler' Benurun%an respon inamasi sistem imun' Benyeimang%an efe% insulin dalam memecah

glu%osa untu% energi' Bengatur metaolisme protein& %arohidrat&

dan lema%' #ungsi terpenting 0 memantu tuuh terhadap

respon stress'

  7%adar %ortisol 5anita pada %ehamilan + ln

tera%hir dan atlit secara normal tinggi9'  dm% -uga pada orang, dg depresi&

al%oholisme& malnutrisi dan gangguan pani%'

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<EALA Oesitas tuuh agian atas& mu%a ulat& pening%atan

lema% se%itar leher& lengan dan %a%i %urus& pada ana%:ana% pertumuhan lamat'

<e-ala lain 0 %ulit fragile& %urus& memar dan tida% sehat&

%ulit 5arna ungu pin% pada perut& paha& lengan danpayudara'7striae9  Tulang rapuh dan eng%o%& patah tulang 7fra%tur9 pada

tulang rusu% 7iga9 dan tulang ela%ang' Sangat lelah& otot lemah& te%' darah dan %adar gula

darah tinggi& irritailitas& ansietas& depresi'

"ertumuhan ramut pada mu%a& leher& dada& perutdan paha 7pada 5anita9  "eriode menstruasi tida% teratur/ terhenti' "enurunan liido seJ pada la%i:la%i

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"enderita Cushing8s Syndrome

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"enderita Cushing8s Syndrome ana%

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<e-ala Cushing8s Syndrome

Striae pada adomen dan payudara

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Boonface

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Boonface

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Striae pada stomach

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Striae

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"ertumuhan ramut pada dada

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Striae pada lengan

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Striae pada si%u

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3uKalohump 7punggung meneal9

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3uKalohump 7punggung meneal9

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EJogenous Cushing

Syndromme

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DIA<NOSIS

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DIA<NOSIS

3erdasar%an tin-auan ri5ayat medis pasien&pemeri%saan 6si%& dan test la'

  = ray 0 ut% menentu%an lo%asi tumor'

,4 urin ,4 -am eas %ortisol

  paling spesi6%& %adar > 1? 2 )?? g / hari ut%de5asa cushing8s syndrome

 Test Supresi DeJametason

  ut% memeda%an pening%atan ACT %arenaadenoma hipo6sis dan tumor e%topi%'

 Test Stimulasi CR

  ut% memeda%an antara adenoma hipo6sisdengan sindroma ACT e%topi% atau tumoradrenal penghasil %ortisol

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DIA<NOSIS

Misualisasi langsung ;elen-ar Endo%rin7Imaging Radiologi9

  : melihat u%uran dan entu% %elen-ar hipo6sisdan adrenal serta menentu%an -i%a ada tumor'

  : dengan CT 7 Computeried Tomography9scan dan BRI 7Bagnetic Resonance Imaging9'

Sampling Sinus "etrosal

  : test terai% ut% memeda%an penyeaCushing8s syndrome antara hipo6sis dengane%topi%'

 Test DeJametason 2 CR: memeda%an Cushing8s syndrome dengan"seudo Cushing8s Syndrome secara cepat'

  : "ening%atan %adar %ortisol selama testmenun-u%%an adanya Cushing8s Syndrome

 

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"roses ;epera5atan

Assessment 0 Ri5ayat . asma& Rheumatoid arteritis& %omsumsi oat seteroid"si%ologis . insomnia& euforia& depresi sing%at& mood alteration<eneral0 oesitas& moon face& uKallo hump'

Opthamic 0 catara%& glu%oma & %eluhan pandangan %aur';ardio(as%uler 0 T& C# "etechi& echymosisiIntergument . lu%a memar& lu%a tida% semuh steri dan acneBus%ulos%letal 0 muscle 5ea%ness& artopi& myopathyosteoporosis<astro intestinal 0 pecptic ulser'"emeri%saan la 0 hipergli%emia& hypernatremia danhipo%alemia

i i

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Nursing Diagnoses

 Resi%o in-ury 'd 5ea%ness& osteoporosis

 Self Care de6cit 'd muscle 5ea%ness& fatigue&altered sleep patern<angguan intergrasi %ulit 'd edema& gangguanpenyemuhan lu%a & %ulit yang tipis dan mudahpecah<angguan ody image ' d peruahanpenampilan 6si%"eruahan proses pi%ir 'd peruahan moodiritailitas dan depresi

Resi%o infe%si 'd immunosupresi'dll

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Nursing inter(ention

 pengendalian resi%o in-uri "engendalian resi%o infe%si A-ur%an istrirahat dan a%ti(itas yang tepat "romote integritas %ulit  moilisasi u mencegah

rea%do5n s%in Impro(e ody image 0 relationship 5ith other& 33dpt

di%endali%an dg diet Lo5 ;& Lo5 sodium Impro(e proses pi%ir'

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Nursing management of the surgical clinet

"reoperati(e Care

Assessment

;a-i ri5ayat pengoatan %lien dengan cushing sindromeDu%ung %lien selama fase diagnosti% dan pengoatanIdentidi%asi manifestasi %linis

selama pre operasi peng%a-ian yang penting seperti 0 hipertensi&edema posiele heart disease& DB& rentan terhadap infe%si 'Benurunnya resistensi to stress dan emosi lail& peruahan mood'

Diagnosa %ep

Resi%o for in-ury. fracture& hypertension& or diaetes 'dosteoporosis& rentensi air dan Na& tida%nya produ%si insulin'

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Out came 0 pasien in-uri tida% ter-adi tida% adanya fra%tur& %lien tida%mengalami hipertensi& hipergli%emia or diaetes'

Intre(ensi 0•"encegahan in-uri  cegah %lien dari %ecela%an atau -atuh&agatempat diur dengan posisi rendah dan memesang rel tempattidur &Assist %lien 5ith amulation to a(oid falls'

•Bonitor untu% hipertensi dan diaetes 0

   monitor tanda:tanda (ital %a-i tanda:tanda yang mempererat hipertensi seperti 0 sa%it

%epala irritaility& pandangan %aur& ce% adanya hipostensi postural