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Adoption
Active rejection: It consists of adoption of an innovation and
then decided not to
adopt it.
Adoption: Is a decision to make full use of an innovation as the
best course ofaction available.
Aids: Is a less than fully professional change agent who
intensively contact clients
to influence their innovation decision.
Change agent: A change agent is the person who influence clients
innovation
decisions in a direction which is deemed desirable by a change
agency.
Communication : In which the participants create and share
information in order
to reach a mutual understanding.
Credibility: Is a degree to which a person or communication
source/channel is
perceived as trustworthy.
Diffusion: Is the process by which an innovation is communicated
through certain
channels over time among the members of a social system.
Discontinuous decision: Decision to reject an innovation after
having decision to
adopt the innovation.
Disenchantment discontinuous: Decision to reject an idea as a
result of
dissatisfaction.
Dyad: The smallest network in a social system.
Empathy: Is a degree to which an individual can put
himself/herself into the role
of another person.
Folkways: Are simply the customary, normal, habitual ways of
doing things.
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Forced discontinuous: Farmers are forced to discontinuous their
exist practices
because of govt. policy eg. The govt. has ban on the use of DDT,
BHC etc.
Heterophily: Is the degree to which a pair of individual who
interact differ in
certain attribute such as beliefs, value, educations, social
status etc.
Homophily: Is a degree to which a pair of individuals who
interact are similar incertain attributes.
Intro-spection/ self- evaluation: Searching a questions to
themselves in order to
know the extent to which they are performing their role honestly
and successfully.
Innovation: Is an idea, practice or object that is perceived as
new by individual or
other unit of adoption.
Innovation Decision Period: Is the length of the time required
for an individual to
pass through the innovation decision process.
Innovation Decision Process: Is the process through which an
individual or other
decision making unit, passes from first knowledge of an
innovation, to forming an
attitude towards the innovation, to decision to adopt and
reject, to implementation
and use of the new idea and to confirmation of this
decision.
Innovativeness: Is the degree to which an innovation or other
unit of adoption isrelatively earlier in adopting new ideas than
other members of a system.
Mores: Are those customs and groups routines which are thought
by the members
of the society to be necessary to the groups continued
existence.
Network: Is a set pattern of individuals.
Norms: Are the established behavior patterns for the members of
a social system.
Opinion leader: Are the persons sought by their fellow members
for information
an advice on various aspects and have ability to influence
them.
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Opinion leadership: Is the degree to which an individual is able
to influence other
individuals attitude or behavior in a desired way with relative
frequency.
Over adoption: Sometimes it may happen that people continue to
adopt an
innovation rather vigorously, when experts feel that it should
not to be so done.
Passive rejection: Also called as non rejection. It consists of
never reallyconsidering the use of an innovation.
Perception : Is an activity through which an individual become
aware of objects
around oneself and of events taking place.
Preventive Innovation:- is an idea that an individual adopts at
the point in time in
order to lower the probability that some future unwanted events
will occur.
Rate of adoption : Is the relative speed with which an
innovation is adopted by
members of a social system.
Rejection: A decision not to adopt an innovation.
Replacement discontinuous: Decision to reject an idea in order
to adopt a better
idea that supersedes it.
Uncertainty: Is the degree to which a number of alternatives are
perceived withrespect to the occurrence of an event and the
relative probability of these
alternatives.
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Decision making process:- is a process to arrive at a decision,
the process by
which an individual or organization selects one action from
several alternatives.
Characteristics :
D M is based on rational thinking.
It is a process of selecting the best from among alternatives
available.
It involves the evaluation of various alternatives
available.
It is end process preceded by discussion, deliberation and
reasoning.
It is always related to specific environment.
It involves time dimension and time lag.
DM is used to achieve organizational goals.
It also involves certain commitment.
Steps in DM:
Specific objective,
Identification of problems,
Search for alternatives,
Evaluation of alternatives,
Choice of alternatives(based on past experience, experimentation
as a method,research and analysis method ),
action and results.
Role of change agents:-
Change agent: A change agent is the person who influences
clients innovation
decisions in a direction which is deemed desirable by a change
agency.
Some systems of technology transfer :1. Research system:
Generation of improvement in existing tech.and testing of
tech in clients field situation.
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2. Extension system: Transfer of tech to ultimate users through
various extension
media and methods by making available tech in a usable form with
in puts, training
credit and services in timely.
3. Input system:- supply of necessary inputs seeds fertilizers
insecticides credit
irrigation and helping the extension and research system in
sustaining tech in
fields.
4. infrastructure system:- marketing, storing, preservation
processing transport
facilities and godowns etc.
5. Client system:- partial and full adoption of agri tech by the
ultimate target
beneficiaries. Understanding the phenomena of users receptivity
its extents,
coverage problem and solutions.
Attributes: a change agent should have: Understanding objectives
of the
organization and its relationship with other organization.
Understanding
technicalities appropriate to the needs of his clients system.
Be in a position to
determine the needs of his client system and have a through
knowledge of
principles of progrmame planning to plan an execute the
development
programmes. Know and understand the concept of communication
process, its
elements and the extension teaching methods. Be able to
communicate effectively
with the farmers and must know how to stimulate learning. Be
perceptive and able
to interpret a whole range of information transmitted through
diff channels. Have acomprehensive knowledge of structure of
society. Understanding human
development process, behavioral patterns of client system.
Understand the
principles of management and apply them to attain high degree
for proficiency.
Know the client issues and problems concerning the rural people.
Be eager to
improve his work by learning from his own experiences. Know and
understand the
techniques of evaluation.
Role of change agents:-Develop need for change,
Establish a change relationship,
Diagnoses their problems by analyzing the problem situation,
Creates intent to change in the clients,
Translate intent to change in the clients,
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