1. Praise for the Photoshop Bibles andDeke McClellandYoure probably thinking that if someone has the gall to call his booka Bible, it had better be pretty good. If youre not thinking that, itsprobably because youve already experienced the Photoshop Bibleand you know its good. Los Angeles TimesSay goodbye to those dull and dusty step-by-step tutorials now thatDeke McClelland, the Digital Guru of computer graphics, has updatedhis international bestseller, the Macworld Photoshop 5 Bible. Adobe.comA great program deserves a great book. Photoshop has one in thismammoth paperback (Photoshop Bible). Cincinnati EnquirerIve been involved with Photoshop for over seven years, and for aslong as I can remember, Ive had Deke looking over my shoulder.Deke takes you through Photoshop and covers a lot of areas withimpressive depth. Mark Hamburg, Adobe Principal Scientist and Architect for PhotoshopIts always nice to see something that was very good become great bigger and betterthan its predecessor (which was already quite good), the Macworld Photoshop 5 Biblekicks some serious butt: its simply outstanding. PhotoBooks.comThe Photoshop Bible is a must have encyclopedia of Photoshop info. Its a tribute toDekes Photoshop knowledge that even the most veteran Photoshop users find theBible required reading. Jeff Schewe, Imaging Artist and Author(Photoshop Bibles) show you the ins and outs of this fascinating program, withstep-by-step instructions for both everyday techniques and unusual but useful tricks. Houston ChronicleThis is an excellent book. I believe you will use it for years. Space Coast PC Journal

2. [In Photoshop Studio Secrets] McClelland takes you step by step through every stageof the design, from concept to execution. This is the book you need if youre moreinterested in the artwork than in the tools. Los Angeles TimesWith Photoshop expert Deke McClelland at the steering wheel, how can you go wrong! The Design & Publishing CenterThe Photoshop 5 Bible by Deke McClelland sits proudly on my desk and is a constantsource of information and assistance as I confidently create with Adobe Photoshop 5.McClellands complete understanding of Adobes suite of imaging software is onlysurpassed by his ability to teach. He may be my favorite author! Susanne York, Houston, TXI gotta tell you the Photoshop Bible has saved me many times. There is nothingmore a designer needs (except for coffee) sitting beside his Mac than the PhotoshopBible. Jason K. Jennings, Nashville, TNWhile it may theoretically be possible to use Photoshop without the Photoshop Bible,I cant imagine why anyone would want to try. Tim Wilson, Keys EntertainmentMcClelland offers tons of tips, tricks and procedures. There are more insights than anyone person will likely be able to digest, but even a few will prove invaluable for gettingmore out of the program . One advantage of such a large book is that complicatedsubjects can be dealt with at length. McClelland takes full advantage of this in thespecial effects section, detailing how the different filters work, what the effects of thefilters are, and how users can better control the results Macworld Photoshop Biblesucceeds as a valuable tome for users of all levels. It will be helpful for beginners andrelevant to advanced users. Communication ArtsThis was the best computer book Ive ever read. SM, Boulder, COThis Authors style is inviting and comfortable. He explains complex concepts in a verysimple, familiar manner. Nothing else comes close. TG, North Hollywood, CAI read this book on vacation and still had a good time! DLG, Vanderbilt, MississippiThis book has the most extensive coverage of Adobe Photoshop Ive seen! Thanks forhelping me realize the limitless potential of Photoshop! DG, Big Sandy, Texas 3. this encyclopedic effort ought to help both new and experienced users unleash thepower of this multidimensional program. Nearly every feature is explored in detail inMcClellands conversational style. One imaging topic of importance among Photoshopdisciples Unsharp Making gets no less than seven pages in the Bible. Its as clear anexplanation of USM as has ever been published, backed up with examples showing theeffects achieved by varying the Amount, Radius, and Threshold settings. In fact, if yourelooking for only one comprehensive Photoshop book, this may be the one. Photo District NewsIts a must have for every professional Photoshop user. RC, London, EnglandI teach Photoshop; there would be no way for me to survive my first class without thisbook! Deke McClelland incorporates a funny way of explaining things, hes verythorough and tells you about real-life situations, not just what Adobe wants itscustomers to know. CD, Addison, TexasI thought I was an expert Photoshop user, but you should see how many pages Ivemarked in this book. Dekes presentation is one of the clearest and most accurateIve seen. CS, Fullerton, CaliforniaThis book puts the Photoshop user manual to shame! DB, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDeke is humorous, not a self-righteous know everything author. This book cutsstraight to the usable information, without the typical hype or fluff of the manufacturermanuals. EV, Somerset, New JerseyIm able to do more than I thought possible with Photoshop using this guide. DH, Lincoln, NebraskaI like the clear, concise, and practical application of each process in Photoshop.Especially the use of layers! WOW! MRB, Langley, WashingtonI have every Photoshop book and this one is the best. It is the one I go to when I needan answer. EF, Boulder Colorado 4. What I really like about the book is that Deke McClelland starts at the basics and takesyou step by step as if you knew nothing about scanning or images. He takes nothing forgranted, explaining in the introduction such fundamentals as when to use Photoshopand when to use a drawing programSo what does Photoshop do and how does thisbook help you in doing it? Mr. McClelland will answer both questions and every otherquestion you can think of within the confines of the Macintosh and Photoshop. Work Place, University College, Dublin, IrelandNo other book about Photoshop is as good as this one. Its the best! JO, Garsfontein, South AfricaA truly wonderful book, jam packed with useful hints, tricks and basic procedures inPhotoshop. TW, Dubuque, IowaI had tough deadlines and had never used Photoshop before. This book added years tomy life! RB, Green Bay, WisconsinGreat job McClelland! Many books are dull, but this one made me laugh out loud. Itwas easy to read the whole thing. PM, Vallejo, CaliforniaI am laughing all day thinking about and reading this book. SA, Barcelona, SpainGiven the technical nature of the topic and the depth of coverage, you might expect thewriting to be rather dry somewhat less than inspiring. Fortunately, Deke McClellandis as accomplished a writer as he is a Photoshop guru. He has managed to keep apotentially heavy topic from becoming too great a burden on the reader, whilemaintaining a strong flow of information. His wit and style show through repeatedly inevery chapter. I strongly recommend this book to anyone who uses Adobe Photoshopon the Mac or PC. FlashIt has an answer waiting for every question I could possibly have about Photoshop. TL, Corona, CaliforniaThis Bible brings all the comfort that the King James Version no longer does itsmy new Linus Blanket! I have yet to go find a topic that I can think of that isntcovered by the book, and it is stuffed full of topics that wouldnt have occurred to me. NC, London, EnglandI learn something new every time I open it. SFJ, Billerica, Massachusetts 5. Its a great bookdefinitely every Photoshop users dream. CT, Brisbane, AustraliaI like Deke McClellands sense of humor! Plus I loved all the information he pouredforth about every feature of Photoshop. I just think this book is excellent! TC, Augusta, GeorgiaI think I love you, Deke McClelland! Thank you for continuing my ongoing quest! KW, Ocoee, FloridaThis is a great book. I know Photoshop but I never realized you could do so much withit until I read this book. TLS, Whitestone, New YorkIt is easily understandable and very easy reading with as much information puttogether as I thought possible. It has everything! GKP, Eugene, OregonThis book helped me to understand the thought processes the developers went throughto build the program, which helps me to be a better user. JD, Arkansas City, KansasThe best Photoshop book Ive seen I know: Im a sixteen-year professional. CD, Hazelwood, MissouriWhile reading this book, it felt like a good friend was sitting over my shoulder lettingme in on all the tips and tricks no one else would tell me about or knew about.Thanks! JO, San Marcos, TexasAnyone involved with design knows about this book. TS, Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaThis book has information on all aspects of Photoshop in non-technical, everydaylanguage. It was enjoyable to read and I learned a lot. NI, Fairlawn, New JerseyI selected Macworld Photoshop 4.0 Bible for my digital imaging course because Iwas impressed with its thoroughness and with the fact that its very appropriate forbeginning through advanced-level students...a very comprehensive text! Thomas Shirley, Faculty member, Digital Imaging, Columbia College, IL 6. Photoshop 6 forWindows Bible 7. Photoshop 6 for Windows Bible Deke McClelland IDG Books Worldwide, Inc. An International Data Group Company Foster City, CA Chicago, IL Indianapolis, IN New York, NY 8. Photoshop 6 for Windows BibleFor general information on IDG Books WorldwidesPublished by books in the U.S., please call our Consumer CustomerIDG Books Worldwide, Inc.Service department at 800-762-2974. For resellerAn International Data Group Companyinformation, including discounts and premium sales,919 E. 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Ltda. for Peru; by WS Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataComputer Publishing Corporation, Inc., for the McClelland, Deke, 1962Philippines; by Contemporanea de Ediciones for Photoshop 6 for Windows Bible / Deke McClelland.Venezuela; by Express Computer Distributors for p. cm.the Caribbean and West Indies; by Micronesia ISBN 0-7645-3491-2 (alk. paper)Media Distributor, Inc. for Micronesia; by Chips1. Computer graphics. 2. Adobe Photoshop.Computadoras S.A. de C.V. for Mexico; by EditorialI. Title.Norma de Panama S.A. for Panama; by AmericanT385 .M3779964 2000Bookshops for Finland.006.6869--dc2100-046186 LIMIT OF LIABILITY/DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY: THE PUBLISHER AND AUTHOR HAVE USED THEIR BEST EFFORTS IN PREPARING THIS BOOK. THE PUBLISHER AND AUTHOR MAKE NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF THE CONTENTS OF THIS BOOK AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIM ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. 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IDG Books Worldwide is not associated with any product or vendormentioned in this book.is a registered trademark or trademark under exclusive licenseto IDG Books Worldwide, Inc. from International Data Group, Inc.in the United States and/or other countries. 9. Welcome to the world of IDG Books Worldwide. IDG Books Worldwide, Inc., is a subsidiary of International Data Group, the worlds largest publisher of computer-related information and the leading global provider of information services on information technology. IDG was founded more than 30 years ago by Patrick J. McGovern and now employs more than 9,000 people worldwide. IDG publishes more than 290 computer publications in over 75 countries. More than 90 million people read one or more IDG publications each month. Launched in 1990, IDG Books Worldwide is today the #1 publisher of best-selling computer books in the United States. We are proud to have received eight awards from the Computer Press Association in recognition of editorial excellence and three from Computer Currents First Annual Readers Choice Awards. Our best- selling ...For Dummies series has more than 50 million copies in print with translations in 31 languages. IDG Books Worldwide, through a joint venture with IDGs Hi-Tech Beijing, became the first U.S. publisher to publish a computer book in the Peoples Republic of China. In record time, IDG Books Worldwide has become the first choice for millions of readers around the world who want to learn how to better manage their businesses. Our mission is simple: Every one of our books is designed to bring extra value and skill-building instructions to the reader. Our books are written by experts who understand and care about our readers. The knowledge base of our editorial staff comes from years of experience in publishing, education, and journalism experience we use to produce books to carry us into the new millennium. In short, we care about books, so we attract the best people. We devote special attention to details such as audience, interior design, use of icons, and illustrations. And because we use an efficient process of authoring, editing, and desktop publishing our books electronically, we can spend more time ensuring superior content and less time on the technicalities of making books. You can count on our commitment to deliver high-quality books at competitive prices on topics you want to read about. At IDG Books Worldwide, we continue in the IDG tradition of delivering quality for more than 30 years. Youll find no better book on a subject than one from IDG Books Worldwide.John KilcullenChairman and CEOIDG Books Worldwide, Inc.Eighth AnnualEleventh Annual Computer PressComputer Press Awards 1992Ninth AnnualTenth Annual Awards 1995 Computer PressComputer Press Awards1993Awards1994IDG is the worlds leading IT media, research and exposition company. Founded in 1964, IDG had 1997 revenues of $2.05billion and has more than 9,000 employees worldwide. IDG offers the widest range of media options that reach IT buyersin 75 countries representing 95% of worldwide IT spending. IDGs diverse product and services portfolio spans six key areasincluding print publishing, online publishing, expositions and conferences, market research, education and training, andglobal marketing services. More than 90 million people read one or more of IDGs 290 magazines and newspapers, includingIDGs leading global brands Computerworld, PC World, Network World, Macworld and the Channel World family ofpublications. IDG Books Worldwide is one of the fastest-growing computer book publishers in the world, with more than700 titles in 36 languages. The ...For Dummies series alone has more than 50 million copies in print. IDG offers onlineusers the largest network of technology-specific Web sites around the world through IDG.net (http://www.idg.net), whichcomprises more than 225 targeted Web sites in 55 countries worldwide. International Data Corporation (IDC) is the worldslargest provider of information technology data, analysis and consulting, with research centers in over 41 countries and morethan 400 research analysts worldwide. IDG World Expo is a leading producer of more than 168 globally branded conferencesand expositions in 35 countries including E3 (Electronic Entertainment Expo), Macworld Expo, ComNet, Windows WorldExpo, ICE (Internet Commerce Expo), Agenda, DEMO, and Spotlight. IDGs training subsidiary, ExecuTrain, is the worldslargest computer training company, with more than 230 locations worldwide and 785 training courses. IDG MarketingServices helps industry-leading IT companies build international brand recognition by developing global integrated marketingprograms via IDGs print, online and exposition products worldwide. Further information about the company can be foundat www.idg.com. 1/26/00 10. CreditsAcquisitions Editor Quality Control TechnicianMichael Roney Dina F QuanProject Editors Permissions EditorAmy Thomas BuscagliaCarmen KrikorianSharon EamesMedia Development SpecialistTechnical EditorAngela DennyMarc PawligerMedia Development CoordinatorCopy EditorsMarisa PearmanLaura StoneLane BarnholtzBook DesignerKC HogueDrew R. MooreJulie Campbell MossNancy RapoportIllustratorsGabriele McCannProof EditorAngela F. HuncklerPatsy OwensProofreading and IndexingProject CoordinatorsYork Production ServicesDanette NurseJoe ShinesCover IllustratorPeter KowaleszynGraphics and Production SpecialistsRobert BihlmayerJude LevinsonMichael LewisRamses RamirezVictor Prez-Varela 11. About the AuthorIn 1985, Deke McClelland oversaw the implementation of the first personal com-puter-based production department in Boulder, Colorado. He later graduated to beartistic director for Publishing Resources, one of the earliest all-PostScript servicebureaus in the United States.These days, Deke is the author of the award-winning titles Photoshop for WindowsBible and Macworld Photoshop Bible (both published by IDG Books Worldwide), nowin their eighth year with more copies in print than any other guides on computergraphics.Other best-selling titles include Photoshop For Dummies, Photoshop Studio Secrets,Web Design Studio Secrets (all IDG Books Worldwide), Real World Illustrator 9, andReal World Digital Photography (both Peachpit Press). He also serves as host to sev-eral entertaining and educational video training series, including Total Photoshop,Total InDesign, and Total Illustrator (all Total Training).In 1989, Deke won the Benjamin Franklin Award for Best Computer Book. Sincethen, he has received honors from the Society for Technical Communication (oncein 1994 and twice in 1999), the American Society of Business Press Editors (1995),the Western Publications Association (1999), and the Computer Press Association(1990, 1992, 1994, 1995, 1997, and twice in 1999). In 1999, Book Bytes named Dekeits Author of the Year.Deke is presently working on his new visual learning series, Look & Learn, whichis slated to include Look & Learn Photoshop and Look & Learn Flash (IDG BooksWorldwide). He is a contributing editor for Macworld magazine. 12. To my mad little Max, and the woman who created him.Two sweeter people you never did see.To see these two people is sweetness indeed. 13. Foreword I f you are reading this foreword, it probably means that youve purchased a copy of Adobe Photoshop 6.0, and for that I and the rest of the Photoshop team at Adobe thank you. If you own a previous edition of the Photoshop Bible, you probably know what to expect. If not, then get ready for an interesting trip. A lot of attention in various forums has been given to the fact that the year 2000 marks the ten-year anniversary of Adobe Photoshop. Unless you buy this book almost immediately after it comes out, I will also have been working on Photoshop for ten years, so this seems like a good time to do a little looking back. When I joined the Photoshop team, my first task was to start adding vector drawing capabilities to a program that even in 1.0 could lay claim to being the leading desk- top raster editing program. In other words, I was to implement a Bzier pen tool that as initially planned was little more than a glorified lasso tool. Ten years later, Photoshop 6 is now taking vectors on in earnest. I trust that doesnt mean that we sat still for the 9+ years between Photoshop 2.0 and Photoshop 6.0. It certainly doesnt feel that way. If we had done so, I suspect that we would have heard from Deke McClelland since hes been watching over our shoulders for almost as long as I can remember. While Photoshop 6 probably provides more instant gratification features than any previous version, at its core it offers a broad collection of basic and not so basic tools for building and manipulating images. Becoming a skilled Photoshop user involves getting to know those tools, how they interact, and when to use them. The best way Ive found to do that is through use, exploration, and play. On the other hand, since Photoshop allows one to do so much, it can be difficult to know where to begin. Its like opening a watch makers tool chest: The screwdrivers are pretty obvious, but what about all these other strange and mysterious instruments? This is where Deke comes in. In Dekes hands, Photoshop goes from being just a toolbox to being a strange and wonderful land all its own. The Photoshop Bible is a guided tour through that land with a guide who has been over the territory many times. Deke takes you through most of Photoshop and covers a lot of areas in impressive depth. Not only does he show you the features in Photoshop after all, youve got 14. xvi Forewordthe manual to do that he shows you how to use them to address issues that lookalmost like real world problems. This is the Photoshop Bible not the PhotoshopEncyclopedia and hence it tells stories rather than just presenting information.A second thing that youll get from this book is a lot of commentary. Deke isnt shyabout letting you know how he feels about various features. I dont always agreewith Dekes opinions on these matters, but I think his openness about his opinionsmakes the book much richer. If you become a routine user of Photoshop, you willalmost certainly develop your own opinions, some of which will probably matchDekes and some of which probably wont. Its valuable to get his opinions duringthe tour, however, because, even if you end up disagreeing with them, they give youmore to think about.Finally, the most invigorating aspect of this book is the enthusiasm Deke brings tothe tour. Youll note that I included play in my list of strategies for coming to knowPhotoshop, and I think just having fun with the program is really one of the bestthings you can do when starting out. Deke almost relentlessly conveys that senseof excitement and fun, and for that I thank him.So, fasten your seat belts, put on your pith helmets, and get ready. Its a fascinatingtrip ahead.Mark HamburgPrincipal Scientist and Architect for Adobe PhotoshopAdobe Systems IncorporatedSeptember 2000 15. Preface I have no idea where you are as you read this. You might be sitting in front of your computer, lounging on a beach in Martinique, or curled up under the covers with a flashlight. But theres a chance youre standing in a bookstore with a clerk behind you asking if you need any help. If so, youre at what we in the book biz like to call the point of purchase (POP). From my perspective, the POP is a dangerous place, fraught with ambiguities and temptations. Theres a chance however infinitesimal that you might put this book back where you found it and buy a competing title. I shudder to think of it. So for the benefit of you POPers, Im about to lay it on a bit thick. This book is not only the number-one selling guide to Adobe Photoshop, but one of the two or three most successful books on any electronic publishing topic ever printed. You can find dozens of localized translations throughout the world. The Dutch translation has been known to come out before the English edition, and I just received an e-mail from my German translator urging me to get her manuscript ASAP. The Photoshop Bible is the most widely accepted textbook for college courses. It is also the only third-party book that has been edited from cover to cover for tech- nical accuracy by members of Photoshops programming team (for which I am duly grateful). Now, we all know bestseller doesnt necessarily translate to best I neednt remind you that pet rocks were once hotter than Pokmon. But the Photoshop Bible seems to have touched a chord. Based on the letters Ive received over the years, most readers find the book informative, comprehensive, and entertaining. (Okay, one woman summed it up as violent, satanic, and blasphemous cross my heart, its true but now that weve removed all the backward lyrics, I think weve addressed that problem.) Knowing that people not only buy the book, but actually read it and find it pleasurable, gives me more satisfaction than I can say. The driving philosophy behind Photoshop 6 for Windows Bible is a simple one: Even the most intimidating topic can be made easy if its explained properly. This goes double when the subject of the discussion is something as modest as a piece of software. Photoshop isnt some remarkable work of nature that defies our compre- hension. Its nothing more that a commercial product designed by a bunch of regu- lar people like you for the express purpose of being understood and put to use by a bunch of regular people like you. If I cant explain something thats inherently so straightforward, then shame on me. 16. xviii PrefaceIve made it my mission to address every topic head-on no cop-outs, no apolo-gies. Everythings here, from the practical benefits of creating accurate masks tothe theoretical wonders of designing your own custom layer styles. I wasnt bornwith this knowledge, and there are plenty of times when Im learning with you. Butwhen I dont know how something works, I do the research and figure it out, some-times discussing features directly with the programmers, sometimes taking advan-tage of other sources. My job is to find out the answers, make sure those answersmake sense, and pass them along to you as clearly as I can.I also provide background, opinions, and a few feeble attempts at humor. A dry list-ing of features followed by ponderous discussions of how they work doesnt meansquat unless I explain why the feature is there, where it fits into your workflow,and on occasion whether or not its the best solution. I am alternatively cranky,excited, and just plain giddy as I explain Photoshop, and I make no effort to containmy criticisms or enthusiasm. This book is me walking you through the program assubjectively as I would explain it to a friend.But before I brag any more about the book, its possible youre not even sure whatPhotoshop is, much less why youd need a book on the subject. Just so were allclear, lets take a peek at the program.What Is Photoshop?Photoshop 6 is a professional-level image editor that runs on a Power Macintoshcomputer running OS 8.5 or later; or a Pentium-based PC equipped with any of sev-eral versions of Microsoft Windows. By image editor, I mean that Photoshop enablesyou to edit photos and artwork scanned to disk. You can then post the resultingimages on the Internet or print them on paper.Heres an example: Your job is to take a picture of your companys high-and-mightyCEO, touch up the crows feet, fix the hair, and publish the Chiefs smiling face onthe cover of the annual report. No problem. Just shoot the photo, have it scannedto disk, open Mr. or Mrs. CEO inside Photoshop, and away you go. Photoshop armsyou with all the digital wrinkle cream, toupee relaxer, jowl remover, and tooth pol-isher that you could ask for. The head honcho looks presentable no matter howbadly the company is doing.Photoshop, then, is about changing reality. It follows in the footsteps of a rich pro-cession of after-camera tools. Despite all the hand-wringing you may have heardabout the veracity of photographs in the digital age, image editing has been aroundalmost as long as photography itself. Witness the editorial image below, lifted fromthe hallowed pages of a 1917 issue of The Geographic (predecessor to NationalGeographic). The men on the left are authentic, but Im a bit skeptical about thatfellow inside the van. Todays editing techniques may be more sophisticated, buttheyre hardly anything new. 17. PrefacexixIn 1917, The Geographic tendered this image as a genuine photograph,and very likely many readers thought nothing of it. One day, futuregenerations will think the same of our work.Photoshop goes beyond just reducing the distance between two Giza pyramids onthe cover of National Geographic or plopping a leaning Tom Cruise, photographedin Hawaii, onto the supportive shoulder of Dustin Hoffman, photographed in NewYork, for a Newsweek spread (both duller-than-fiction applications of image-editingsoftware). Photoshop brings you full-tilt creativity. Picture the head of an eagle onthe body of a lion with the legs of a spider and the wings of a dove. Picture yourselfin a boat on a river with tangerine trees and marmalade skies. Whether your inspi-rations are original or derivative, Photoshop lets you paint snapshots from yourdreams. If you can picture it in your head, you can paint it in Photoshop.About This BookIf youre familiar with previous editions of this book, this one represents youreveryday average exhaustive renovation. As is often the case, I am assisted by JuliePhotoDeluxe For Dummies King and Amy InDesign For Dummies Thomas Buscaglia,long-time contributors to the Bible. (Julie has been adding her touch since the veryfirst Bible; Amy has been on board for the last seven renditions.) With their help,Ive added detailed discussions on the subjects of layers, blending options, styles, 18. xxPreface vector-based shapes, color management, object-oriented text, the expanded TIFF and PDF file formats, free-form distortions, and the usual plethora of interface enhancements. As always, weve reworked the structure of the book to suit the newest version of Photoshop, creating new parts, rehashing every chapter without exception, and rewriting several chapters from the ground up. In short, weve deprived ourselves of sleep and sanity to make you happy. If youre new to the Bible, I urge you to take a brief moment and make sure you have the right one before you pay the clerk and take it home. You are currently holding the Photoshop 6 for Windows Bible, designed specifically for folks who own PCs equipped with Microsoft Windows. If you use a Apple Macintosh or iMac instead, put this book down and request a copy of the Macworld Photoshop 6 Bible, which is far more likely to suit your needs. That silver Frisbee on the back cover In the back of this book, youll find a CD-ROM. It contains Photoshop plug-ins and several high-resolution pieces of stock photography in full, natural color. Ive included many of the pivotal images from this book so that you can follow along with my examples as you see fit. The Bible is nothing if not comprehensive. To bolster this claim, Ive included a few additional chapters as PDF files on the CD-ROM. Assuming you have Adobe Acrobat Reader (which you can download at www.adobe.com), you can open the chapters, read them on screen, and print them at your leisure. Among these on-disk chapters are two collections of Photoshop shortcuts the most extensive of their kind one for Macintosh users (Chapter C) and one for Windows (Chapter D). This way, even if you unknowingly purchased the wrong version of the book, you have all the shortcuts you need. The CD also includes PDF copies of all the printed chapters in this book, perfect for those times you want to print an additional copy of a chap- ter to highlight, underline, or paper the birdcage. Bear in mind, however, that I pro- vide these PDFs for your personal use only. If you distribute them to friends and family, youre breaking all kinds of federal codes, interstate treaties, and Geneva Convention ordinances. If youre unlucky enough to get caught, the FBI will raid your house and make you sit in the corner and write bad checks. Okay, I made that up. All I can really do is tell you Id rather you didnt share the PDF chapters and hope you dont. Im powerless; pity me. As an extra special bonus, youll find several QuickTime movie tutorials that explain how to use some of Photoshops most challenging features. These are excerpted from my video training series, Total Photoshop, from Total Training (www.totaltraining.com). Cross-Perhaps best of all, the CD is cross-platform, so you can open it on a Mac or PC. Reference Read the appendix, Using the CD-ROM, for a complete listing of the contents of the CD. 19. PrefacexxiConventionsEvery computer book seems to conform to a logic all its own, and this ones noexception. Although I try to avoid pig latin ellway, orfay hetay ostmay artpay Ido subscribe to a handful of conventions that you may not immediately recognize.VocabularyCall it computerese, call it technobabble, call it the synthetic jargon of propellerheads. The fact is, I cant explain Photoshop in graphic and gruesome detail withoutreverting to the specialized language of the trade. However, to help you keep up, Ican and have italicized vocabulary words (as in random-access memory) with whichyou may not be familiar or which I use in an unusual context. An italicized term isfollowed by a definition.If you come across a strange word that is not italicized (that bit of italics was foremphasis), look it up in the index to find the first reference to the word in the book.Commands and optionsTo distinguish the literal names of commands, dialog boxes, buttons, and so on, Icapitalize the first letter in each word (for example, click on the Cancel button). Theonly exceptions are option names, which can be six or seven words long and filledwith prepositions like to and of. Traditionally, prepositions and articles (a, an, the)dont appear in initial caps, and this book follows that time-honored rule, too.When discussing menus and commands, I use an arrow symbol to indicate hierar-chy. For example, Choose File Open means to choose the Open command fromthe File menu. If you have to display a submenu to reach a command, I list thecommand used to display the submenu between the menu name and the final com-mand. Choose Image Adjust Invert means to choose the Adjust command fromthe Image menu and then choose the Invert command from the Adjust submenu.Version numbersA new piece of software comes out every 15 minutes. Thats not a real statistic,mind you, but I bet Im not far off. As I write this, Photoshop has advanced toVersion 6.0. But by the time you read this, the version number may be seven hun-dredths of a percentage point higher. So know that when I write Photoshop 6, I meanany version of Photoshop short of 7.Similarly, when I write Photoshop 5, I mean Versions 5.0, 5.0.2, and 5.5; Photoshop 4means Versions 4.0 and 4.0.1; Photoshop 3 means Versions 3.0, 3.0.1, 3.0.3, 3.0.4,and 3.0.5; you get the idea. 20. xxii Preface Icons Like just about every computer book currently available on your greengrocers shelves, this one includes alluring icons that focus your eyeballs smack-dab on important information. The icons make it easy for folks who just like to skim books to figure out what the hecks going on. Icons serve as little insurance policies against short attention spans. On the whole, the icons are self-explanatory, but Ill explain them anyway.CautionThe Caution icon warns you that a step youre about to take may produce disas- trous results. Well, perhaps disastrous is an exaggeration. Inconvenient, then. Uncomfortable. For heavens sake, use caution. NoteThe Note icon highlights some little tidbit of information Ive decided to share with you that seemed at the time to be remotely related to the topic at hand. I might tell you how an option came into existence, why a feature is implemented the way it is, or how things used to be better back in the old days. Photoshop6The Photoshop 6 icon explains an option, command, or other feature that is brand-spanking new to this latest revision. If youre already familiar with previous versions of Photoshop, you might just want to plow through the book looking for Photoshop 6 icons and see what new stuff is out there. Tip This book is bursting with tips and techniques. If I were to highlight every one of them, whole pages would have light-bulbs popping out all over the place. The Tip icon calls attention to shortcuts that are specifically applicable to the Photoshop application. For the bigger, more useful power tips, Im afraid youll have to actually read the text.Cross- The Cross-Reference icon tells you where to go for information related to the cur-Reference rent topic. I included one a few pages back and you probably read it without think- ing twice. That means youre either sharp as a tack or an experienced computer- book user. Either way, you wont have any trouble with this icon. I thought of including one more icon that alerted you to every new bit of informa- tion whether Photoshop 6dependent or not thats included in this book. But I found myself using it every other paragraph. Besides, that would have robbed you of the fun of discovering the new stuff. How to Bug Me Even in its sixth edition, scanned by the eyes of hundreds of thousands of readers and scrutinized intensely for months at a time by myself and my editors, Ill bet someone, somewhere will still manage to locate errors and oversights. If you notice 21. Preface xxiii those kinds of things and you have a few spare moments, please let me know. I always appreciate readers comments. If you want to share your insights, comments, or corrections, please visit my Web site, the infamous http://www.dekemc.com. There youll find news and excerpts about my books, tips for various graphics products, and other goofy online stuff. Let me know what you think. To e-mail me, click on the Contact Deke button. Dont fret if you dont hear from me for a few days, or months, or ever. I read every letter and try to implement nearly every constructive idea anyone bothers to send me. But because I receive hundreds of reader letters a week, I can respond to only a small percentage of them.Note Please, do not write to ask me why your copy of Photoshop is misbehaving on your specific computer. I was not involved in developing Photoshop, I am not employed by Adobe, and I am not trained in product support. Adobe can answer your techni- cal support questions way better than I can, so I leave it to the experts. Now, without further ado, I urge you to turn the page and advance forward into the great untamed frontier of image editing. But remember, this book can be a danger- ous tool if wielded unwisely. Dont set it on any creaky card tables or let your chil- dren play with it without the assistance of a stalwart adult, preferably an All-Star Wrestler or that guy who played the Incredible Hulk on TV. And no flower pressing. The little suckers would be pummeled to dust by this monstrously powerful colos- sus of a book. 22. Contents at a GlanceForeword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvPreface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xviiPart I: Welcome to Photoshop 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Chapter 1: Whats Up with Photoshop 6? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Chapter 2: Inside Photoshop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Chapter 3: Image Fundamentals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67Part II: Painting and Retouching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129Chapter 4: Defining Colors . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131Chapter 5: Painting and Editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179Chapter 6: Filling and Stroking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223Chapter 7: Retouching, Repeating, and Restoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263Part III: Selections, Masks, and Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313Chapter 8: Selections and Paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315Chapter 9: Masks and Extractions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383Chapter 10: Corrective Filtering .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427Chapter 11: Full-Court Filtering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487Part IV: Layers, Objects, and Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553Chapter 12: Working with Layers. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555Chapter 13: The Wonders of Blend Modes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609Chapter 14: Shapes and Styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653Chapter 15: Fully Editable Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685 23. Part V: Color for Print and the Web . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 725Chapter 16: Essential Color Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 727Chapter 17: Mapping and Adjusting Colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 755Chapter 18: Printing Images. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 807Chapter 19: Creating Graphics for the Web .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 841Appendix: Using the CD-ROM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 893Bonus Chapters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . On the CD-ROMChapter A: Constructing Homemade EffectsChapter B: Actions and Other AutomationsChapter C: Macintosh ShortcutsChapter D: Windows ShortcutsIndex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 899End-User License Agreement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 940CD-ROM Installation Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 946 24. Contents xxviiContents Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xviiPart I: Welcome to Photoshop 61 Chapter 1: Whats Up with Photoshop 6? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3What Is Photoshop? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Image-Editing Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Bitmaps versus objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4The ups and downs of painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4The downs and ups of drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6When to use Photoshop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7When to use a drawing program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7The Computer Design Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Photoshop Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Fast Track to Version 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Chapter 2: Inside Photoshop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15A First Look at Photoshop 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15See Photoshop Run . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Splash screen tricks . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Online studios resource . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18The Photoshop Desktop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19The preview box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21The tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24The toolbox controls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32The new Options bar. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34The floating palettes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35Rearranging and docking palettes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37Navigating in Photoshop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39The view size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39The zoom tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41The zoom commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42The magnification box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42Creating a reference window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44Scrolling inside the window. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45The Navigator palette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 25. xxviii ContentsCustomizing the Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 The preference panels .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 General preferences . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Saving Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Display & Cursors . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Transparency & Gamut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Units & Rulers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Guides & Grid . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Plug-Ins & Scratch Disk. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Image Cache. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Physical memory usage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Chapter 3: Image Fundamentals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67How Images Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67Size versus resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68Changing the printing resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69Changing the page-layout resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70So whats the perfect resolution?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71The Resolution of Screen Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72How to Open, Duplicate, and Save Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73Creating a new image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74Opening an existing image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77Duplicating an image. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81Saving an image to disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81File Format Roundup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84The native format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85Special-purpose formats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86Interapplication formats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92The mainstream formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101The oddball formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107Still cant get that file open? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111Adding file information and annotations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112Resampling and Cropping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117Resizing versus resampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117Cropping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Part II: Painting and Retouching 129 Chapter 4: Defining Colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131Selecting and Editing Colors . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 Specifying colors . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 Using the Color Picker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Entering numeric color values. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 26. Contentsxxix Working in Different Color Modes . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 RGB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 HSB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 CMYK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 CIEs Lab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Understanding Lab anatomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Grayscale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Black and white (bitmap) . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Using Photoshops Other Color Selection Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 Predefined colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 The Color palette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 The Swatches palette. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 Swatches presets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 The eyedropper tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 The color sampler tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Introducing Color Channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 Why you should care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 How channels work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 How to switch and view channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Trying Channels on for Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 RGB channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 CMYK channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 Lab channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 Other Channel Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 Color Channel Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 Improving the appearance of color scans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 Using multichannel techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 Replacing and swapping color channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177Chapter 5: Painting and Editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 Paint and Edit Tool Basics . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 Meet your tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 Basic techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Brush Shape and Opacity. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 The Brushes palette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 Editing and creating brush shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 Opacity, pressure, and exposure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 Brush Dynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 Exploring the Brush Dynamics palette .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 Fading the paint (and other effects) . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 Creating sparkles and comets . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 Creating tapered strokes . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214 Setting up pressure-sensitive tablets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214 Brush Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 The 19 paint tool modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 The three dodge and burn modes . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 27. xxx ContentsChapter 6: Filling and Stroking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 Filling Portions of an Image . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 Filling Selections with Color or Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224The paint bucket tool. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224The Fill command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230Backspace-key techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232Using the paint bucket inside a selection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 Applying Gradient Fills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235Using the gradient tool . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235Gradient options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236Gradient styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239Creating custom gradations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242Editing solid gradients . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243Creating noise gradients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249Saving and managing gradients . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 Applying Strokes and Arrowheads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255Stroking a selection outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256Applying arrowheads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258Appending arrowheads to curved lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260Chapter 7: Retouching, Repeating, and Restoring . . . . . . . . . . . 263 Three of the Best . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 Cloning Image Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 264The cloning process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 266Touching up blemishes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269Restoring an old photograph . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 271Eliminating distracting background elements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276 Applying Repeating Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281Aligning patterns (or not) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282Creating patterns and textures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284Building your own seamless pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 Stepping Back through Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 293Using the traditional undo functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294The History palette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 295Painting away the past . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299Part III: Selections, Masks, and Filters 313Chapter 8: Selections and Paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315 Selection Fundamentals . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315How selections work . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316Geometric selection outlines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319Free-form outlines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322Magnetic selections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324The world of the wand . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327 28. Contentsxxxi Ways to Change Selection Outlines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 330Quick changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331Manually adding and subtracting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331Using Shift and Alt like a pro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 333Adding and subtracting by command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334Softening selection outlines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 338 Moving and Duplicating Selections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 344The role of the move tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344Making precise movements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 345Cloning a selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346Moving a selection outline independently of its contents .. . . . . . 349Scaling or rotating a selection outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350The untimely demise of floating selections . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 353 How to Draw and Edit Paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353Paths overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 354Drawing paths with the pen tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357Editing paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363Filling paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370Painting along a path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371Converting and saving paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374 Importing and Exporting Paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 377Swapping paths with Illustrator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 377Exporting to Illustrator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378Retaining transparent areas in an image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378Chapter 9: Masks and Extractions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383 Selecting Via Masks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383 Masking defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384 Painting and Editing Inside Selections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386 Working in Quick Mask Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390 How the quick mask mode works . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390 Changing the red coating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395 Gradations as masks . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396 Creating gradient arrows. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 Generating Masks Automatically . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 Extracting a subject from its surroundings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 Using the Color Range command . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410 A few helpful Color Range hints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414 Creating an Independent Mask Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415 Saving a selection outline to a mask channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415 Converting a mask to a selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418 Viewing mask and image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418 Building a Mask from an Image . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419Chapter 10: Corrective Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427 Filter Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427A first look at filters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428 29. xxxii Contents How filters work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431 Fading a filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435 Heightening Focus and Contrast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438 Using the Unsharp Mask filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438 Using the preset sharpening filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446 Sharpening grainy photographs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446 Using the High Pass filter . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451 Blurring an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455 Applying the Gaussian Blur filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455 The preset blurring filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458 Antialiasing an image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458 Directional blurring . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460 Softening a selection outline. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469 Noise Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472 Adding noise. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472 Removing noise with Despeckle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478 Averaging pixels with Median . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479 Sharpening a compressed image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479 Cleaning up scanned halftones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482Chapter 11: Full-Court Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487 Destructive Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487A million wacky effects . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487What about the others? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491Third-party filters . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491One final note about RAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492 The Pixelate Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492The Crystal Halo effect . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493Creating a mezzotint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495 Edge-Enhancement Filters . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498Embossing an image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498Tracing around edges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502Creating a metallic coating . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503 Distortion Filters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505Reflecting an image in a spoon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507Twirling spirals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510Creating concentric pond ripples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514Creating parallel ripples and waves .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517Distorting an image along a curve . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524Changing to polar coordinates . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525Distorting an image inside out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528Distorting with the Liquify command. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532 Wrapping an Image around a 3D Shape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539Using the 3D Transform filter . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540Layer before you apply. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544 30. ContentsxxxiiiAdding Clouds and Spotlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546 Creating clouds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546 Lighting an image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547Part IV: Layers, Objects, and Text 553 Chapter 12: Working with Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555Layers, Layers Everywhere. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555Sending a Selection to a Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557 Other ways to make a layer . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558 Duplicating a layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 560Working with Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 561 Switching between layers . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 561 Switching layers from the keyboard . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 563 Understanding transparency . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 563 Modifying the background layer . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 566 Reordering layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568 Automated matting techniques . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569 Blending layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571 Fusing several layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 573 Dumping layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574 Saving a flattened version of an image . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574Selecting the Contents of Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574 Drop shadows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 576 Halos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 578 Spotlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 580Moving, Linking, and Aligning Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582 Linking layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582 Uniting layers into sets . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 584 Locking layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587 Using guides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 588 Automatic alignment and distribution . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 590 Setting up the grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 591 Using the measure tool. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 592Applying Transformations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 593 Transforming the entire image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 594 Transforming layers and selected pixels.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 594 Numerical transformations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597Masking and Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 598 Preserving transparency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 598 Creating layer-specific masks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601 Pasting inside a selection outline . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604 Masking groups of layers . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604 31. xxxiv ContentsChapter 13: The Wonders of Blend Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609 Mixing Images Together . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609 Using Opacity and Blend Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 612The Opacity setting . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613The blend modes . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613Blend mode madness. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624 Applying Advanced Blending Options . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 627Blending interior layer effects (or not).. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 629Blending clipping groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 630Blending individual color channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631Knocking out layers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631Knocking out by brightness value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633 Using Channel Operation Commands . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 638The Apply Image command . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 640Add and Subtract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645The Calculations command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 647Combining masks . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 649Chapter 14: Shapes and Styles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653 Some Stuff We Never Ordered . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653 Drawing Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655The pros and cons of shapes . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655The shape tools . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657The shape drawing process . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 659Combining and editing shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 662Editing the stuff inside the shape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 664 The Bold New Layer Styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 667The advantages of layer effects . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673Inside the Layer Style dialog box . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673 Modifying and Saving Effects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 680Disabling effects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681Duplicating effects . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681Scattering effects to the four winds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 682Saving effects as styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 682Chapter 15: Fully Editable Text. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685 The State of Type in Photoshop 6 . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685The five flavors of text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 686Text as art . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 687 Using the Type Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 689Creating vertical type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 693Creating and manipulating text in a frame .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 694Selecting text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695Applying character formatting . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 696Applying paragraph formatting . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 706 32. ContentsxxxvWarping text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 712Editing text as shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 714 Character Masks and Layer Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 715Creating a text mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 715Converting type to a path . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 716Type masks on the march . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 717Layer effects bonanza . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 722Part V: Color for Print and the Web725 Chapter 16: Essential Color Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 727 Plunging Headlong into Color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 727 A Typical Color-Matching Scenario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 728Setting up the source monitor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 729Selecting the ideal working space. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 732Embedding the profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 734Setting up the destination space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 735Defining color management policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 736Converting the color space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 737 Color Conversion Central. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 738Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 739Working spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 739Color management policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 742Advanced mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 746 Custom CMYK Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 748Loading CMYK settings from a previous version of Photoshop.. . . 752 Chapter 17: Mapping and Adjusting Colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 755 What Is Color Mapping? . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 755Color effects and adjustments . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 755The good, the bad, and the wacky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 756 Quick Color Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 757Invert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 757Equalize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 759Threshold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 761Posterize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 764 Quick Corrections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 765Sucking saturation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 765The Auto Levels commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 766The Auto Contrast command . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 767 Hue Shifting and Colorizing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 768Using the Hue/Saturation command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 768Adjusting hue and saturation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 773Colorizing images . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 776 33. xxxvi ContentsShifting selected colors . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 777Shifting predefined colors . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 778Using the Variations command . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 780Enhancing colors in a compressed image .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 782 Making Custom Brightness Adjustments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 784The Levels command . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 785The Curves command . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 791Gradient maps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 796Practical applications: continuous curves.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 797Practical applications: arbitrary curves . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 799 Adjustment Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 801The advantages of layer-based corrections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 803Correcting a flat image using layers . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 805Chapter 18: Printing Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 807 Welcome to Printing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 807 Understanding Printing Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808 Printing Composites. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 811 Choosing a printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 813 Setting up the page . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 814 Specifying a transfer function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 826 Printing pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 828 Creating Color Separations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 830 Outputting separations. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 830 Color trapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 832 Printing Duotones . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 832 Creating a duotone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 833 Reproducing a duotone . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 835 Editing individual duotone plates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 836 Spot-Color Separations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 837 Printing Contact Sheets . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 838Chapter 19: Creating Graphics for the Web . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 841 The World of Web Imagery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 841 Photoshop and ImageReady . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 842 Rules of Web Imagery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 842The smaller, the speedier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 843Mac and PC monitor brightness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 843More rules of Web imagery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 845 Saving JPEG Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 846 Preparing and Saving GIF Images . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 849Using the Indexed Color command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 850Specifying the palette . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 851Editing indexed colors . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 857Making colors transparent. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 859Saving (and opening) GIF with transparency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 859 34. ContentsxxxviiOptimizing JPEG and GIF Images. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 861GIF optimization settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 864JPEG optimization settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 867The Optimization menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 869The Preview menu . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 870Output settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 871Saving PNG Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 873Slicing Images . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 874Creating slices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 874Editing slices . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 876Setting slice options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 878Saving slices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 879Doing More in ImageReady . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 880Creating an image map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 880JavaScript rollovers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 882Creating Web animations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 885Animations and rollovers .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 890 Appendix: Using the CD-ROM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 893Bonus ChaptersOn the CD-ROM Chapter A: Constructing Homemade Effects Chapter B: Actions and Other Automations Chapter C: Macintosh Shortcuts Chapter D: Windows Shortcuts Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 899 End-User License Agreement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 940 CD-ROM Installation Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 946 35. InsidePhotoshop2 C H A P T E R In This ChapterA First Look at Photoshop 6 Getting comfortablewith a brand-newThese days, most computer applications speak a common Photoshop desktopgraphical language, and Photoshop is no exception. It sub-scribes to the basic structure of on-screen nouns and verbs Finding your favoriteproposed and first spoken by the operating system. As a tools and meeting aresult, Photoshop may seem tolerably comprehensible the few new onesfirst time you meet it. Without any prior knowledge of its ori-gins or behavior, you should be able to pick up a paintbrushWorking withand specify a color in a matter of a few seconds, simply basedthe Photoshop 6on the rudimentary vocabulary that youve picked up fromOptions barother programs. After years of staring into cathode ray tubes,you cant help but get the picture. Zooming in 0.01-percent incrementsBut Photoshop has its own special dialect, one that differsfrom every other program out there. The dialect is so distinctScrolling fromthat its only peripherally understood by other applications, the keyboardincluding those from Adobe, the very siblings that Photoshopgrew up with. Photoshop has its own way of turning a phrase,Using the Navigatorit speaks its words in a different order than you might expect, paletteand yes, it uses a lot of strange and sometimes unsettling jar-gon that it has picked up on the street. Photoshop is alwaysExpanded coverageand will forever be a foreigner unnaturally introduced to yourof Photoshopshard drive. For all you may think you share in common, it preference settingsdoesnt know you and you dont know it. Even you experienced users you hearty few who have car-ried on more conversations with Photoshop than you havewith most of your friends and family may find yourselvesstumbling when negotiating with Version 6. The programspeaks differently every time it upgrades. In fact, its wrong tothink of Photoshop 6 as an older, wiser version of its formerself. This is a completely new beast, bearing about as muchresemblance to Photoshop 1.0 as you bear to a fellow humanlocated on the exact opposite end of the earth. 36. 16 Part I Welcome to Photoshop 6 So in this chapter, I introduce to you the Sixth Beast, insubordinate child of its ances- tors, spoiler of photographic traditions, and speaker of the new language that you now have to learn. These pages represent a low-level primer you need to ingest before you can utter so much as a coherent gack! Granted, it comes to you second hand I am a non-native myself, with my own peculiar dialect as youll discover but given that Photoshop 6 itself is the only native speaker on the planet, this foreigners perspective will have to do. See Photoshop Run Shortly after you launch Photoshop, the splash screen appears. Shown at the top of Figure 2-1, the splash screen explains the launching process by flashing the names of plug-in modules as they load and listing the various initialization procedures. Tip You can access the splash screen by choosing Help About Photoshop. To make the splash screen go away, just click it. Splash screen tricks In a typical program, there isnt much reason to revisit the splash screen. But Photoshop 6 offers a few splash screenrelated tips and tricks: Press Alt while choosing the About Photoshop command to display Photoshopteam member Mike Shaws highly disciplined secret Venus In Furs screen, pic-tured at the bottom of Figure 2-1. After a few seconds, the list of programmers and copyright statements at thebottom of the screen starts to scroll. Press the Alt key to make the list scrollmore quickly. Tip Photoshop 3 introduced us to Adobe Transient Witticisms a series of arbi-trary gags invented by Photoshops sleep-deprived, espresso-swilling program-mers and theyve been a staple ever since. To see the Witticisms, wait for thecredit messages to scroll by one complete cycle. Then Ctrl-click the eye in thestandard splash screen or the Venus In Furs screen. 37. Chapter 2 Inside Photoshop17 Ctrl-click for witticismsFigure 2-1: Photoshop 6 splash screens feature genuine AdobeTransient Witticisms and more. 38. 18 Part I Welcome to Photoshop 6 Online studios resource Click the icon at the top of the toolbox or choose Help Adobe Online to open yet another variation on the splash screen titled Adobe Online. Pictured in Figure 2-2, this screen provides access to Adobes Internet-based resources, which include technical support, tips and tricks, and information about upgrades and related products. You also can choose one of the other commands on the Help menu to link directly to a few specific areas of the online resources. Click to launch Adobe OnlineClick to display links Figure 2-2: Adobe offers a series of online support options for Photoshop 6. To tell Photoshop how you want your online help delivered including whether you want Adobe to automatically download and install product updates click the Prefer- ences button to display the Preferences dialog box. If youre unsure what each option means, click the Setup button, which launches a wizard that spells the options out more clearly. After setting your preferences, click OK and then click the Refresh button to launch your Internet browser and hightail it to the Photoshop area of the Adobe Web site. (If you have problems, connect to the Internet, start your browser as you usually do, and then return to Photoshop and click Refresh again.) Alternatively, click the links icon in the lower-right corner of the dialog box (see Figure 2-2) to display a list of links that take you directly to pages related to specific topics. If you have a cable modem or other setup that provides a sustained Internet connection, click the Refresh button every now and then to keep the links current. You can instruct Photoshop to update the links automatically in the Preferences dialog box, but I for one am not crazy about Photoshop using my modem without my permission. 39. Chapter 2 Inside Photoshop 19The Photoshop DesktopAfter the launch process is complete, the Photoshop desktop consumes the fore-ground. Figure 2-3 shows the Photoshop 6 desktop as it appears when an image isopen and all palettes are visible.Toolbox Options barMenu barPalettes Title bar Image windowDocking wellMagnification boxPreview box Status bar Task barImage window controls Color controls Mask controlsFigure 2-3: The Photoshop 6 desktop as it looks on a 17-inch screen.Many of the elements that make up the Photoshop desktop are well known to folksfamiliar with the Windows environment. For example, the menu bar provides accessto menus and commands. You can drag the title bar to move the image window. Andthe scroll bars let you look at hidden portions of the image. 40. 20 Part I Welcome to Photoshop 6 Other potentially less familiar elements of the Photoshop desktop work as follows: Image window: Like any halfway decent product, Photoshop lets you openmultiple images at a time. Each open image resides inside its own window. Status bar: Just above the Windows taskbar sits Photoshops status bar,which provides running commentary on the active tool and image. (If theStatus bar doesnt appear on your screen, choose Window Show Status Bar.)The left end of the status bar features two special boxes. The magnificationbox tells you the current view size, and the preview box lists how much roomthe image takes up in memory.Cross-For complete information on the magnification box, read the Navigating inReferencePhotoshop section later in this chapter. The very next section explains thepreview box. Toolbox: The toolbox icons provide one-click access to the variousPhotoshop tools. To select a tool, click its icon. Then use the tool by clickingor dragging with it inside the image window. Photoshop 6Photoshop 6 not only offers several new tools, but new tool groupings. Thecrop tool, for example, now has its own apartment instead of sharing quarterswith the marquee tools. For a summary of these changes, read The tools, laterin this chapter.The bottom four rows of the toolbox contains controls for changing your paintcolors, entering and exiting the quick mask mode, changing the screen areaavailable for image display, and switching to Adobe ImageReady (which shipswith Photoshop). Floating palettes: Photoshop 6 offers a total of 12 palettes, one more thanVersion 5. (This number excludes the toolbox and the new Options bar, whichare technically palettes as well.) Each palette is said to be floating, whichmeans that its independent of the image window and of other palettes.Palettes can be grouped together or dragged apart to float separately accord-ing to your tastes. Photoshop 6Two palettes found in earlier versions of Photoshop, the Options palette andBrushes palette, take on a new look in Version 6. Controls formerly containedin the palettes now appear on the Options bar, labeled in Figure 2-3.For more information on the Options bar and other palettes, see the upcom-ing section The floating palettes. Photoshop Docking well: The gray bar at the end of the Options bar is the docking well, 6another window item new to Photoshop 6. You can drag palettes to the well tosave screen space but still keep the palettes easily accessible. For more infor-mation, see Rearranging and docking palettes later in this chapter. 41. Chapter 2 Inside Photoshop 21Note Unfortunately, the docking well is only visible if you use a screen resolution with a horizontal pixel display of more than 800 pixels.The preview boxThe preview box is Photoshops way of passing you a memo marked FYI. No biggie,nothing to fret about, just a little bit of info you might want to know. As an unusu-ally obliging piece of software, Photoshop likes to keep its human masters informedon the latest developments.Document sizeBy default, the preview box contains two numbers divided by a slash. The firstnumber is the size of the base image in memory. The second number takes intoaccount any additional layers in your image.Photoshop calculates the first value by multiplying the height and width of the image(both in pixels) by the bit depth of the image, which is the size of each pixel in mem-ory. Consider a typical full-color, 640 480-pixel image. A full-color image