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Office of AirportsOffice of Airports

Airport GeometricsAirport Geometrics

Airports Division, Western Pacific Region

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3 Sets of 3 Sets of Aviation Aviation

StandardsStandards

Airport Imaginary Surfaces - Airport Imaginary Surfaces - Part 77Part 77

Airport Design Standards (A.C.s)Airport Design Standards (A.C.s)

Terminal Instrument Procedures Terminal Instrument Procedures (TERPS)(TERPS)

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3 Airport 3 Airport AssurancesAssurances

-Assurance 19, Operation and Maintenance: The -Assurance 19, Operation and Maintenance: The sponsor will not cause or permit any activity or sponsor will not cause or permit any activity or action on the obligated airport that would action on the obligated airport that would interfere with its use for airport purposes.interfere with its use for airport purposes.- Assurance 20, Hazard Removal and Mitigation: - Assurance 20, Hazard Removal and Mitigation: The sponsor will prevent the establishment or The sponsor will prevent the establishment or creation of any future airport hazard.creation of any future airport hazard.- Assurance 29, Airport Layout Plan (ALP): The - Assurance 29, Airport Layout Plan (ALP): The sponsor will not make or permit any changes to sponsor will not make or permit any changes to the airport or any of its facilities that are not in the airport or any of its facilities that are not in conformity with the FAA-approved ALP or which conformity with the FAA-approved ALP or which might in the opinion of the FAA adversely affect might in the opinion of the FAA adversely affect the safety, utility, or efficiency of the airport.the safety, utility, or efficiency of the airport.

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14 CFR Part 14 CFR Part 7777

Defines “obstructions to air Defines “obstructions to air navigation”navigation”

Requires notice to FAA prior to Requires notice to FAA prior to constructionconstruction

Procedures for studies and Procedures for studies and determinationsdeterminations

Hazards to Air NavigationHazards to Air Navigation

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Part 77 Imaginary Part 77 Imaginary SurfacesSurfaces

Standards for determining Standards for determining obstructionsobstructions

Applies to objectsApplies to objects::natural growthnatural growthterrainterrainpermanent or temporary construction permanent or temporary construction

or alterationor alteration including temporary equipment including temporary equipment

used for constructionused for construction

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Obstructions Obstructions and Hazardsand Hazards

Obstruction - any object that Obstruction - any object that penetrates any of the Imaginary penetrates any of the Imaginary SurfacesSurfaces

Hazard - Obstruction that is Hazard - Obstruction that is determined through an airspace determined through an airspace study to substantially affect the study to substantially affect the safe passage of an aircraftsafe passage of an aircraft

All Hazards are ObstructionsAll Hazards are Obstructions

Not all Obstructions are HazardsNot all Obstructions are Hazards

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FAR 77 IMAGINARY SURFACES

PP PrimaryPrimaryAA ApproachApproachTT TransitionalTransitionalHH HorizontalHorizontalCC ConicalConical

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FAR 77 IMAGINARY SURFACES(Cut-Away View)

Primary Surface

Transitional SurfaceConical Surface

Approach Surface

Transitional Surface

Horizontal Surface

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FAR 77 IMAGINARY SURFACES(Top View)

TransitionalSurface

HorizontalSurface

PrimarySurface

ApproachSurface

Conical SurfaceTransitionalSurface

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Primary Primary SurfaceSurface

Primary surfacePrimary surface- Centered around runway - Centered around runway

- Extends 200 ft beyond the - Extends 200 ft beyond the runway runway endend

- Width varies from 250 ft to 1000 - Width varies from 250 ft to 1000 ftft

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Primary Primary SurfaceSurface

Width - 250 ft to 1000 ftWidth - 250 ft to 1000 ft

Length - extends 200 ft from Length - extends 200 ft from runway endrunway end

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Approach SurfaceApproach Surface

Begins at end of Primary SurfaceBegins at end of Primary Surface

Inner edge - same width as Primary Inner edge - same width as Primary SurfaceSurface

Outer edge varies - 1250 ft to Outer edge varies - 1250 ft to 16,000ft16,000ft

Length varies - 5,000 or 10,000ftLength varies - 5,000 or 10,000ft

Slope varies - 20:1 34:1 50:1Slope varies - 20:1 34:1 50:1

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APPROACH APPROACH SURFACESURFACE

30W1

W2

lengthPrimary Surface

Runway

Approach Surface

Approach Surface

50:1

200’

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Road Interstate Highway Railroad Waterway

15 ft 17 ft 23 ft tallest object

In computing obstruction heights, allow:a. Public Roads 15 ftb. Interstate Highway 17 ftc. Railroad 23 ftd. Waterway Tallest Object

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Transitional Transitional SurfaceSurface

Extends outward and upward at Extends outward and upward at right angles to runway right angles to runway centerlinecenterline

Starts at outside edge of the Starts at outside edge of the Primary SurfacePrimary Surface

Slope is 7:1Slope is 7:1

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Transitional Transitional SurfaceSurface

Approach

Surface

Approach

Surface

Transitional Surface

Primary Surface

Transitional Surface

7:1

Primary SurfaceRunway

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Primary SurfaceTransitional Surface

Slope7:1

Transitional Surfaces

Horizontal Surface 150 feet

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Airport Design Airport Design StandardsStandards

• Runway Safety Areas (RSA)Runway Safety Areas (RSA) Rectangular ground surface around Rectangular ground surface around

runwayrunway

• Runway Object Free Area Runway Object Free Area (ROFA)(ROFA) Rectangular ground surface around Rectangular ground surface around

runway and safety arearunway and safety area

•Obstacle Free Zone (OFZ)Obstacle Free Zone (OFZ) Volume of airspace above runwayVolume of airspace above runway

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Airport Reference Airport Reference Code (ARC)Code (ARC)

The ARC is a coding system to The ARC is a coding system to relate airport design criteria to relate airport design criteria to the operational and physical the operational and physical characteristics of the aircraft characteristics of the aircraft intended to use the airport.intended to use the airport.

A. Aircraft approach A. Aircraft approach category (relates to aircraft category (relates to aircraft approach speed)approach speed)

B. Airplane design group B. Airplane design group (relates to airplane wingspan)(relates to airplane wingspan)

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STRUCTURALSTRUCTURALPAVEMENTPAVEMENT

SHOULDERSHOULDER SHOULDERSHOULDER

RUNWAY SAFETY AREARUNWAY SAFETY AREA

RUNWAY OBJECT FREE AREARUNWAY OBJECT FREE AREA

RUNWAY AREA CROSS SECTIONRUNWAY AREA CROSS SECTION

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Runway Safety Runway Safety AreaArea

Width and length based on the ARC Width and length based on the ARC (both (both approach and wingspan)approach and wingspan)

Found in Tables 3-1, 3-2, & 3-3 in Found in Tables 3-1, 3-2, & 3-3 in

AC 150/5300-13AC 150/5300-13

Width and length vary (based on Width and length vary (based on ARC) from 60 ft either side of ARC) from 60 ft either side of centerline and 240 ft beyond centerline and 240 ft beyond runway end to 250 ft either side runway end to 250 ft either side of centerline to 1000 ft beyond of centerline to 1000 ft beyond the runway.the runway.

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Runway Safety Runway Safety AreaArea

927

Width varies from 120 ft wide (60 ft either side of Center Line) to 500 ft, depending on aircraft design group.Length = 2 x Width

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RSA Object RSA Object Clearing CriteriaClearing Criteria

Free of objects except those Free of objects except those fixed by function:fixed by function: objects over 3 inches must be objects over 3 inches must be

frangible at no more than 3 inchesfrangible at no more than 3 inches Manholes must be constructed at Manholes must be constructed at

gradegrade

Personnel and Equipment Personnel and Equipment may may notnot be in RSA during aircraft be in RSA during aircraft operationsoperations

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Runway Object Runway Object Free AreaFree Area

Two dimensional ground areaTwo dimensional ground area

Surrounds runways, taxiways, Surrounds runways, taxiways, and taxilanesand taxilanes

Clear of Objects except those Clear of Objects except those

fixed by functionfixed by function

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Runway Object Free Runway Object Free AreaArea

Width ranges from 250 ft wide (125 ft either side of CL) to 800 ft wideLength ranges from 240 ft long to 1000 ft

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ROFA Clearing ROFA Clearing CriteriaCriteria

AcceptableAcceptable:: Objects for air navigationObjects for air navigation Aircraft ground maneuvering purposesAircraft ground maneuvering purposes Taxiing and holding aircraftTaxiing and holding aircraft

Not AcceptableNot Acceptable:: Objects not essential for air navigation Objects not essential for air navigation

or aircraft maneuvering purposesor aircraft maneuvering purposes Parked aircraftParked aircraft Agricultural OperationsAgricultural Operations

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Comparison of Comparison of RSA with ROFARSA with ROFA

ARC C-III, Airplane Design Group III (Wingspan 79 ft to 117 ft) and Approach Category C (121 knots to 140 knots) e.g. B-737

OFA - 800 ft wide 1000 ft beyond end of runway

RSA - 500 ft wide 1000 ft beyond end of runway

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Obstacle Free ZoneObstacle Free Zone

3 Dimensional Plane - Volume 3 Dimensional Plane - Volume of Airspaceof Airspace

Precludes taxiing and parked Precludes taxiing and parked planes and object penetrationplanes and object penetration

NAVAIDS fixed by function NAVAIDS fixed by function but frangiblebut frangible

Rnwy OFZ: Inner-approach Rnwy OFZ: Inner-approach OFZ: Inner-transitional OFZ OFZ: Inner-transitional OFZ

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Dimensions of Dimensions of OFZOFZ

Extends 200 ft beyond the end of the runway

Width varies from 120 ft to 400 ft depending on size of aircraft and approach speed

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OFZ Clearing OFZ Clearing CriteriaCriteria

Not AcceptableNot Acceptable::Taxiing aircraftTaxiing aircraftParked aircraftParked aircraftNavAids that are not frangibleNavAids that are not frangible

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Comparison of Comparison of RSA, ROFA, OFZRSA, ROFA, OFZ

RSA ROFA OFZ

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Runway Protection Runway Protection ZoneZone

W1 - 250 to 1000

W2 - 450 to 1750

L - 1000 to 2500W1 W2

200 ft

L

ROFA

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Inner-Transitional OFZ

Visual & Runways not lower than 3/4 sm vis

150 ft above airport elev.

50:1

ALS No ALS

Rnwy

OFZ

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Inner-Transitional OFZ

Large aircraft and lower than 3/4 mi vis

Rnwy

OFZ

Slope varies:

Cat I 6:1 Cat II/III 5:1 then 6:1

H

150 ft

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AA AA

BB

BB

SECTION A - ASECTION A - A

SECTION B - BSECTION B - B

OFZ FOR VISUAL RUNWAYS & RUNWAYS >= 3/4 MILEOFZ FOR VISUAL RUNWAYS & RUNWAYS >= 3/4 MILE

150 FEET ABOVE ARPT ELEV150 FEET ABOVE ARPT ELEV

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AA AA

BB

BB

SECTION A - ASECTION A - A

SECTION B - BSECTION B - B

OFZ SERVING SMALL AIRPLANES < 3/4 MILEOFZ SERVING SMALL AIRPLANES < 3/4 MILE

150 FEET ABOVE ARPT ELEV150 FEET ABOVE ARPT ELEV

3:13:1

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AA AA

BB

BB

SECTION A - ASECTION A - A

SECTION B - BSECTION B - B

OFZ SERVING LARGE AIRPLANES < 3/4 MILEOFZ SERVING LARGE AIRPLANES < 3/4 MILE

150 FEET ABOVE ARPT ELEV150 FEET ABOVE ARPT ELEV

6:16:1

HH

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RUNWAY PROTECTION ZONE RUNWAY PROTECTION ZONE CONFIGURATIONCONFIGURATION

RUNWAY OBJECT FREE AREARUNWAY OBJECT FREE AREA

CONTROLLED ACTIVITY AREACONTROLLED ACTIVITY AREA

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LENGTHLENGTH

W W 11

W 2W 2

RUNWAY PROTECTION ZONERUNWAY PROTECTION ZONE

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RPZ VISUAL & >= 1 MILERPZ VISUAL & >= 1 MILECATEGORY C & DCATEGORY C & DW 1 500’, L 1,700’, W 2 1,010’W 1 500’, L 1,700’, W 2 1,010’

RPZ < 3/4 MILERPZ < 3/4 MILEALL AIRCRAFTALL AIRCRAFTW1 1,000’, L 2,500’, W2 1,750’ W1 1,000’, L 2,500’, W2 1,750’

RUNWAY SAFETY AREARUNWAY SAFETY AREA

RUNWAY OBJECT FREE AREARUNWAY OBJECT FREE AREA

RPZ, RSA, & ROFA SERVING LARGE AIRCRAFTRPZ, RSA, & ROFA SERVING LARGE AIRCRAFT

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Runway200' 200'

PRIMARY SURFACEFor Utility Hard Surface Runway

250’if

visualrunway

500’if

non-precision

instrumentrunway

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Controlling ObjectControlling Object

Clear 34:1 slope

Actual slope of 40:1

Controlling Object that prevents a 50:1 slope

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COMMON IMPACTS TO IMAGINARY COMMON IMPACTS TO IMAGINARY SURFACESSURFACES

APPROACH SLOPE

PRIMARY

SURFACE

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COMMON IMPACTS TO IMAGINARY COMMON IMPACTS TO IMAGINARY SURFACESSURFACES

TRANSITIONAL

SLOPE

PRIMARY SURFACE

7:1

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FILING FAA FORM FILING FAA FORM 7460-17460-1

https://oeaaa.faa.gov/oeaaa/external/portal.jsp

-If first time, register as new user first then log in -If first time, register as new user first then log in to file your airspace case proposalto file your airspace case proposal-Upload your sketch, in pdf format-Upload your sketch, in pdf format-Verify your case by mapping-Verify your case by mapping-instructions included in the portal site-instructions included in the portal site-30 days for FAA to issue determination-30 days for FAA to issue determination-Determination good for 18 months-Determination good for 18 months-Before case expires, can be extended for -Before case expires, can be extended for another 18 monthsanother 18 months

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Common mistakesCommon mistakes

-Geographical coordinates are -Geographical coordinates are not correct or are not of not correct or are not of sufficient accuracy, Lat/Long sufficient accuracy, Lat/Long coordinates need to be to the coordinates need to be to the nearest 0.01 secnearest 0.01 sec

-Case filed to late, usually -Case filed to late, usually occurs with temporary cranesoccurs with temporary cranes

-Not enough points given for -Not enough points given for FAA to properly evaluateFAA to properly evaluate

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Reference MaterialReference Material

FAR Part 139 Certification of Land AirportsFAR Part 139 Certification of Land Airports

FAA Order 5010.4, Airport Safety Data ProgramFAA Order 5010.4, Airport Safety Data Program

14 CFR Part 77, Objects Affecting Navigable 14 CFR Part 77, Objects Affecting Navigable AirspaceAirspace

AC 150/5300-13, Airport DesignAC 150/5300-13, Airport Design

FAA Order 5280.5, Airport Certification Program FAA Order 5280.5, Airport Certification Program HandbookHandbook

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Reference Reference MaterialMaterial

AC 70/7460-2, Proposed AC 70/7460-2, Proposed Construction or Alteration of Construction or Alteration of Objects that May Affect the Objects that May Affect the Navigable AirspaceNavigable Airspace

AC 70/7460-1, Obstruction AC 70/7460-1, Obstruction Marking and LightingMarking and Lighting

14 CFR Part 77, Objects 14 CFR Part 77, Objects Affecting Navigable AirspaceAffecting Navigable Airspace