administrative subject

8/14/2019 administrative subject

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I. Situation 1: A group of mothers were present during your lecture on high

risk pregnancy. Discuss comprehensively the following concepts:

a. When will you consider a pregnancy high risk?

Although every pregnancy has some risk some have more risks

than others and each pregnancy is uni!ue. A pregnancy is

considered to "e high risk when a pro"lem is more likely to

occur. Such a pro"lem could "e caused "y a health condition

that the mother had "efore she was pregnant or it may arise

during pregnancy or at delivery. In either case a threat is posed

to the health of the mother or fetus or "oth.

#or this reason a woman with a high$risk pregnancy must "e

checked carefully "y a doctor. %hese are some of the symptoms

of high risk pregnancy that we should never ignore.

Severe or sharp upper- to mid-abdominal pain

%his symptom with or without nausea or vomiting could

indicate severe indigestion a stomach "ug food poisoning or

pre$eclampsia $$ a serious condition that re!uires immediate

attention.

Fever

If your temperature is a"ove &'.( degrees ) * 1++ degrees # "ut

with no flu or cold symptoms call your doctor on the same day.

If it,s more than &- degrees ) * 1+ degrees # call your doctor
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immediately. /ou pro"a"ly have an infection. /our doctor may

prescri"e anti"iotics and rest. If your temperature rises higher

than &- degrees ) * 1+ degrees # for a prolonged amount of

time it could "e harmful to your "a"y.

Vision disturbances

0ision pro"lems such as dou"le vision "lurring dimming

flashing spots or lights that last for more than two hours are

symptoms that can "e a sign of pre$eclampsia .

Swelling or puffiness of the hands, face and eyes

A"out four out of five women get some swelling or puffiness or

edema in pregnancy. In most cases it is not a cause for

concern. ut if these symptoms are severe or sudden and

accompanied "y a headache or pro"lems with your vision they

may "e symptoms of pre$eclampsia .

Severe headache

If you have a severe headache that lasts for more than two or

three hours accompanied "y vision distur"ances and sudden

swelling in your hands eyes and face you may have pre$

eclampsia .

Vaginal bleeding
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Spotting without pain may "e a normal sign of implantation

when the em"ryo attaches itself to the uterus early in the

pregnancy or "reakthrough "leeding. ut you should still call

your doctor if you "leed during pregnancy "ecause it could

indicate a serious complication:

2 leeding that is different from your normal period 3heavier or

lighter and often darker4 with severe persistent one$sided pain

in the a"domen can "e a sign of an ectopic pregnancy .

2 5eavy "leeding especially when it,s com"ined with persistent

"ack or a"dominal pain can "e associated with a potential or

actual miscarriage .

2 In the later stages of pregnancy "leeding may indicate

placenta previa placental a"ruption which happens when the

placenta starts to separate from the wall of the uterus or

premature la"or 3la"or that "egins "efore &' weeks4.

Leaking fluid from the vagina

6eaking of fluid from the vagina "efore &' weeks means that

your mem"ranes have ruptured prematurely. /our doctor will

want you to "e admitted to hospital so that you can have

treatment to prevent an infection and to prepare your "a"y for

possi"le premature "irth . After &' weeks you are pro"a"ly
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a"out to go into la"or. )all your doctor to discuss your options if

your la"or does not start within 7 hours.

A sudden increase in thirst accompanied by little or no

urination

%his could "e a sign of dehydration or gestational dia"etes

which increases the risk of complications for you and your "a"y.

Painful or burning urination

If this is accompanied "y a temperature shivering and

"ackache you may have a urinary tract infection which should

"e treated with anti"iotics.

Severe vomiting

Watch out for severe vomiting that is more than two to three

times a day in the first trimester the onset of vomiting later in

pregnancy or vomiting accompanied "y pain and*or a

temperature.

0omiting more than a couple of times a day could dehydrate

and weaken you although it won,t hurt your "a"y. /ou need to

speak to your doctor a"out severe and persistent vomiting

3hyperemesis gravidum4 as you may need to "e admitted to

hospital. 0omiting which starts later in pregnancy accompanied

"y pain 8ust "elow the ri"s may "e a sign of pre$eclampsia.

0omiting accompanied "y pain and a temperature could indicate

an infection $$ contact your doctor.
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Fainting or di iness

%his may "e a sign that you haven,t eaten enough that day "ut

it could also mean that you have low "lood pressure . 9any

women feel light$headed during pregnancy. In the event of

fainting talk to your doctor to rule out any other causes.

Severe lower abdominal pain

Watch out for pain on either or "oth sides. /ou could have pulled

a ligament or it may "e a sign of an ectopic pregnancy

miscarriage premature la"or a fi"roid degenerating and

"leeding into itself or placental a"ruption.

Absence of, or slowing down, of your baby!s movements

after "# weeks

If you o"serve this for more than 7 hours your "a"y may "e in

distress. If you have noticed that your "a"y is moving a"out less

than usual contact your doctor or the hospital. 3 ead more

a"out your "a"y,s movements including when to seek help4.

All-over itching late in pregnancy

Itching with or without 8aundice dark urine and pale stools mayindicate hepatitis or another liver$"ased pro"lem such as

o"stetric cholestasis . Some itching is normal as your skin

stretches to accommodate your growing "a"y "ut it,s "est to

have it checked out particularly if the itching is very intense
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worse at night and involves the soles of your feet and the palms

of your hands.

$ou!ve had a fall or a blow to the stomach

#alls aren,t always dangerous "ut call your doctor on the

same day and e;plain what happened. If you slipped on the

stairs and "ruised your tail"one you pro"a"ly don,t need to

worry< your "a"y is well cushioned "y the uterus and amniotic

fluid.

In rare cases though complications may arise. If you notice

contractions leaking fluid or any "leeding call your doctor right

away or head to your nearest hospital emergency room.

Foul-smelling vaginal discharge, or ulcers, or growths in

the genital area

/ou may "e having a vaginal infection which if left

untreated may lead to preterm la"or and delivery or the

possi"ility of the "a"y getting infected when she passes through

the "irth canal. See your o"stetrician without delay. /our doctor

might perform a pap smear and other additional tests to check

for vaginal infection 3don,t worry the gentle insertion of a

vaginal speculum and swa"s will not harm your pregnancy or

your "a"y4.

Prolonged diarrhea
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9ost of the time diarrhea is limited to only a day or two

and is easily managed "y drinking lots of fluids drinking oral

rehydration fluids and following a diet consisting of non$oily and

non$spicy foods crackers apples and "ananas. 5owever

prolonged diarrhea may indicate that you may have an infection

in the stomach which may need some medication. Diarrhea that

is severe can make you dehydrated and cause su"se!uent

dehydration in your "a"y causing low amniotic fluid and

eventual fetal distress.

%here are also some factors that can make pregnancy

high risk such as the lifestyle of pregnant women and some

environmental factors.

Alcohol %se

A pregnant woman,s use of alcohol can "e dangerous to

the health of her un"orn child. When the mother drinks alcohol

crosses the placenta and enters the "a"y,s "loodstream. %his

can cause still"irth miscarriage 3l=st pregnancy4 "irth defects

or a premature or low$"irth$weight "a"y 3"a"y weighing less

than (,*> pounds at "irth4.

Smoking

When a pregnant woman smokes she risks not only her

own health "ut$also that of her un"orn "a"y. Smoking harms the

"a"y "efore during and after "irth. A pregnant woman who

smokes is more likely to have a miscarriage still"irth or low$
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"irth$weight or premature "a"y.

&rug %se

Any type of drugwhether prescri"ed "y a doctor

availa"le over the counter or illicit$can affect the fetus,s well$

"eing when taken during pregnancy. Some drugs not only can

harm the health of a pregnant woman "ut also can cause severe

"irth defects or other serious pro"lems for the "a"y. ven some

@over$the$counter@ drugs can cause pro"lems and should not "e

taken during pregnancy.

'nvironmental (a ards

If you are pregnant the health of you "a"y can "e

affected if you work around certain types of chemicals gas

dust fumes or radiation. ;posure to some of these su"stances

can cause miscarriage "irth defects or other pro"lems for the

"a"y that appear later in life.

". What are your roles and responsi"ilities as a urse given the

particular situation on high risk pregnancy?

ursesB independent roles in high risk pregnancy are pre$

assessment or initial interview to the client to determine the risk

involved counsel the importance of "ed rest good eating

ha"its and other health practices that are essential during the

whole trimester.


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Dependent roles of nurses in situation of high risk

pregnancy are o"taining urine e;ams ultrasound and other

la"oratory e;ams to determine the e;tent of the risk involved.

%he nurse should also advise the high risk pregnant clients to go

for prenatal check$up regularly and to follow the doctorBs order

religiously.

II. A young unmarried woman 1' years old ver"ali>es to you that she is in a

dilemma whether to go for a"ortion or not.

a. Discuss comprehensively your course of action and response to the

situation

I will definitely discourage her to do a"ortion. It is a murder of

the un"orn child. It is against the Divine 6awC

I will advise the woman to accept and face the conse!uences of

her actions and have courage to tell it to her parents. %he

parents will get upset of course "ut after all parents are

parentsC In the long run they will "e a"le to accept also the

reality. When there is an opportunity for her to go "ack to school

then finish schooling. And when sheBs already on the right age

she can decide whether to marry or not.

". Discuss your professional accounta"ility and lia"ility "y citing

concretely same situation that would defend your stand on the

issues.


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In the Philippines, abortion is, of course, illegal and punishable by

imprisonment. This became the subject of a lively debate back in 1999 when

ouse !ill "o. #$%$ & An Act Legalizing Abortion on Specific Cases ' was

introduced &it did not became a law'. The bill sought to allow abortion when(

&a' the conception was a result of rape)

&b' the conception was a product of incestuous relationship where

the conceived mother was lured into the relationship by force

intimidation, or fraud)

&c' the conceiving mother is infected with a disease that shall

prejudice to the health of the unborn child)

&d' the conceiving mother is of good health, the unborn child is

determined by medical specialists to be infected with a terminal

disease or shall be borne abnormal without hope of any medical

correction, and&e' the conception brings danger to the life of e*pectant mother.

The +hurch opposed the bill.

rticle - # of the /evised Penal +ode states that any person who

shall intentionally cause an abortion shall suffer imprisonment and the

penalties shall be imposed in their ma*imum period, upon any physician,

midwife, nurses, who taking advantage of their scientific knowledge or

skill shall cause an abortion or assist in causing the same.


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In my view and of the +atholic +hurch, we are born in this world

with purpose and not by accident and that we are planned by 0od. ong

before our parents conceived us, 0od already conceived us in his mind. It

is not by fate, nor chance, nor luck, nor coincidence that we are alive2 3e

are alive because 0od wanted to create us. 0od also planned where we4d

be born and where we4d live for his purpose. That4s why we have no right

to take the life of another person.

III. In all aspects discuss comprehensively the following:

a. oles and responsi"ilities of fathers and mothers regarding

child"earing.

5uite often e*pectant fathers get bent out of shape over what they should be

doing during the pregnancy. The pregnant woman is often the focus of all

attention. owever, there are a few specific things that fathers can and should

do in the 9 months of pregnancy.

Get Educated

6nce you find out that your wife is pregnant, the e*pectant father

should 7 as soon as possible 7 get educated about what is ahead. The more that

you know about pregnancy, the easier the ne*t months will become.

Support, Support, Support

8our main role is to support your partner emotionally and physically

throughout all stages of the pregnancy.


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The first trimester is a key stage. If there are to be any complications,

this is the stage at which they are likely to manifest themselves. re:uently,

the first trimester is the worst in terms of morning sickness and nausea.

/emember that your partner;s body is going through a pretty intense period of

time 7 she is growing a baby. If she is fit, she will soon have to tone down the

intensity of her workouts and switch to yoga or Pilates for the duration of the

pregnancy. This is the precise time for you to start doing e*tra things around

the house and offering to e*ercise together. +ooking is a great idea, provided

that she can keep the food down and has not developed an aversion to the foodshe used to adore.

The second trimester is often referred to as the honeymoon phase since

most of the first trimester discomforts will have subsided. 8our partner;s

crankiness, fatigue and nausea will likely disappear, thus making this is a

great time for a pre7baby vacation. irplane flight is usually safe, so a surprisevacation might be in order.

The third trimester is generally when the weight becomes burdensome

and the discomforts of pregnancy return. !y the end of this trimester, your

partner may be suffering from swollen ankles, fatigue, constipation and

hemorrhoids.


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This is also the time when nesting begins, which are the powerful urge

pregnant women get to clean and prepare the house for the arrival of the baby.

!e warned that this urge only intensifies as the due date approaches. en shouldn;t be afraid to ask the :uestionsthat their partners are afraid to ask.


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kicks :uite a bit 7 this is truly a wonderful e*perience that you should take the

time to enjoy.

0et interested in baby names. This is a part of the pregnancy that puts

mothers and fathers on e:ual footing. If you know the se* of the baby, this

makes name choosing a little bit easier. There are several resources that are

available through our shop that you should check out. 6ther resources are also

available online.

D-Day: Delivery

8ou have some relatively big decisions to make regarding your role

during childbirth. The days when dad;s role was limited to driving mom to the

hospital in the 6ldsmobile are long gone. "ot only can you be in the delivery

room, but you are often e*pected to play an active part in the labor process.

irst, you need to decide if you want to be part of the delivery. If not, you

should be prepared to spend a few hours &on average 1 to 1# hours' in the

hospital waiting room. !ring snacks, water and some good reading material.

8ou should be able to polish off or 3hom the !ell Tolls during this period.

If you decide to be in the delivery room, you can take an active or a

passive approach. Passively, you;ll stand or sit :uietly while the doctor and

your partner take over. Taking an active approach, you could be a labor coach,

which involves helping your partner rela* and monitoring her breathing

throughout each stage of labor. >any men who have taken this role


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8ou should also spend some time reflecting on how having a child will

change your family dynamics and your relationship with your partner. !y the

time your baby is born, you will be different people with a different outlook

on life. fter all, at the end of this process, two will have become three.

>others have also responsibilities that must be taken account during

childbearing.


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should also steer clear of things like pesticides aerosol sprays or

paints. Anyone who is pregnant must avoid ;$rays and any drinks

that contain alcohol. )omforta"le clothes are a must during a

pregnancy. %his is due to the fact that a woman,s si>e is constantly

changing. When a pregnant woman is riding in a car she should

wear the seat "elt on her hips.

ight e*ercise should be done while during a pregnancy such as

biking, swimming, or walking for 1 minutes every day. Buring the % th month

of pregnancy, a woman should lie down and put her feet up $C minutes every

day. The ne*t month would be good to start doing pelvic rock and Degel

e*ercises. It is also during this time that a pregnant woman will have an

ultrasound to be sure that the baby is doing well and to find out the se* of the

baby.

pregnant woman should ask about information in regards to

breastfeeding. 3hen the A th month approaches, daily rela*ation should begin.

pregnant woman should make sure that a budget is already in place because

she will need for many baby items.


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"owadays, a lot of adolescents get pregnant. nd because adolescent

mothers often end up in poverty but are from low7income families to begin with,

:uestions of cause and conse:uence began to emerge. ichigan 199 Bata !ook states that low income is Ethe single most important

factorE in the increased risk for adolescent pregnancy. 0irls who are poor students

with low educational aspirations are more likely to become pregnant and have

children during adolescence. 6ne study found that one in three adolescentmothers had already dropped out of school before becoming pregnant.

disturbing number of adolescent mothers have a history of se*ual or

physical abuse. /ape can directly cause pregnancy in young women, with

pregnancy occurring in #F of reproductive age rape victims. +onversely, -1F of

rape7related pregnancies occur in children ages 1- to 1 .


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parenthood is often EcausedE by limited life options, the e*perience of poverty,

poor educational aspirations, and violence.

report from the +enters for Bisease +ontrol and Prevention &+B+'

"ational +enter for ealth


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"early half of those who want no more children reported that,

because of the economy, they are thinking more about steriliHation.

mong women using the birth7control pill, 1A percent reported

inconsistent use as a way to save money.

c. 9odern family in todayBs society and cite situations wherein couples

can "e guided to have family in the present situation.

/elationships take time, energy, and care to make them healthy. This

is a guide to help us understand different kinds of relationships, what makes

each relationship special, and how to communicate in a positive way. I have

included common stories and fun ways to work on many kinds of

relationships.

In order for a relationship to be healthy there should be co unication

and sharing which is the most important part of any healthy relationship

between two people is being able to talk and listen to one another. 8ou and

the other person can figure out what your common interests are. 8ou can

share your feelings with the other person and trust that they will be there to

listen and support you. In healthy relationships, people don;t lie.

+ommunication is based on honesty and trust. !y listening carefully and

sharing your thoughts and feelings with another person, you show them that

they are an important part of your life.


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There should also e respect and trust" In healthy relationships, you

learn to respect and trust important people in your life. Bisagreements may

still happen, but you learn to stay calm and talk about how you feel. Talking

calmly helps you to understand the real reason for not getting along, and it;s

much easier to figure out how to fi* it. In healthy relationships, working

through disagreements often makes the relationship stronger. In healthy

relationships, people respect each other for who they are. This includes

respecting and listening to yourself and your feelings so you can set

boundaries and feel comfortable. 8ou will find that you learn to understande*periences and feelings of others as well as having them understand your

e*periences and feelings.

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