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2. Discuss the 14 general principles of management given by Fayol. Whichprinciple do you think is the most important?
Answer: Fayol’s Principles of Management
1. Division of work : This principle says that work should be divided into different parts andeach part should be entrusted to the most suitable person to do it. He believed that thisresult in specialization and it will in turn increases the efficiency of workers. According tohim, more the specialization the greater will be the efficiency .
2. Authority and Responsibility : Authority is the right of a superior to give orders tosubordinates, take decisions etc. Responsibility, on the other hand , refers to theobligation to accomplish objectives or the duty he is expected to perform by virtue of hisposition. Authority and responsibility should go together. Acceptance of authority meansacceptance of responsibility to perform a job .
3. Discipline: He believes discipline is absolute essential for the workers running of business. Discipline is essential not only at the workers level but also it requires at themanagement level. Good discipline is the result of effective leadership and goodrelationship between management and workers regarding the rules and regulations of organization.
4. Unity of Command : Single superior should give orders.
5. Unity of Direction : According to this principle there should always exist one head andone plan for a group of activities having the same objective. The members of anorganization should work together to accomplish common goals. This principle ensures acoordinate action in the organization.
6. Subordination of individual interests to group interests : Importance should be givento the interest of the organization. There should not be a conflict between the interest of the businessmen and the interest of the workers. When there is a conflict between thesetwo, the interest of the organization should prevail and the personal interest should beignored or sacrificed.
7. Remuneration : Must be fair giving maximum possible satisfaction to employees andemployer.
8. Centralization and decentralization : Fayol says individual circumstances will determinethe degree to which authority is concentrated or dispersed.
9. Scalar Chain : Fayol believed that "chain of superiors" from highest to lowest ranksshould not be departed from needlessly but can be shortcircuited when the need be.
10. Order: "A place for everything and everyone"
11. Equity: Loyalty can be elicited from personnel by combination of kindliness and justice.
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12. Stability of Tenure and personnel: Unnecessary turnover can have high danger andcosts.13. Initiative: Managers must sacrifice personal vanity to permit subordinates to exerciseinitiative.
14. Espirit de corps : This principle is based on old saying ‘union is strength’. The entireorganization should be treated as one unit. There is no provision for disintegration. Thesuccess and efficiency of an organization depends on team spirit. Harmony and unionamong the personnel constitute the great strength of a concern. The motto ‘divide andrule’ should be discouraged. If there is any misunderstanding caused through poor communications, management should take timely action to avoid it. Mangers must takesteps to develop a sense of belonging amongst the employees. If there is a team spirit,everybody cooperates and work hard for achieving organizational goals.
According to me, Espirit de corps is the most important principle as entire organization shouldbe treated as one unit.
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