Adjectives (1Adjectives (1stst & 2& 2ndnd Declension) Declension)

Chapter 6Chapter 6

Adjective: A word that modifies Adjective: A word that modifies a noun or a pronouna noun or a pronoun

• The apostle is a good man.

• Jesus rose on the third day.

• We are learning Koine Greek.

Singular Plural

Masc. Fem. Neut. Masc. Fem. Neut.

N ovV hv ovn oiv aiv av

G ou: h:V ou: w:n w:n w:n

D w/: h:/ w/: oi:V ai:V oi:V

A ovn hvn ovn ouvV avV av

V ev hv ovvn oiv aiv av

Consonant Stem Adjectives

Singular Plural

Masc. Fem. Neut. Masc. Fem. Neut.

N ovV av ovn oiv aiv av

G ou: a:V ou: w:n w:n w:n

D w/: a/: w/: oi:V ai:V oi:V

A ovn avn ovn ouvV avV av

V ev av ovvn oiv aiv av

e, i, r Stem Adjectives

Singular Plural

Masc/Fem Neut. Masc/Fem Neut.

N oV on oi a

G ou ou wn wn

D w/ w/ oiV oiV

A on on ouV a

V e on oi a

Two-termination Adjectives

Three types of AdjectivesThree types of Adjectives

• Attributive Adjective: Gives an attribute to the noun: We study Koine Greek.

• Substantival Adjective: The adjective itself gives substance to the noun and acts in the place of the noun: The good, the bad, and the ugly are studying Greek.

• Predicate Adjective: Makes a statement about the subject: God is good.

The good man

Attributive Attributive AdjectiveAdjective

o` avgaqo,j a;nqrwpo

jo`

a;nqrwpoj o`

avgaqo,j

Adjectives with the ArticleAdjectives with the Article

ascriptive attributive

restrictive attributive – implies that there are other men who are not good

Attributive adjectives always immediately follow the article.

The good man

Substantival Substantival AdjectiveAdjective

Attributive Attributive AdjectiveAdjective

o` avgaqo,j

The good (man)

o` avgaqo,j a;nqrwpo

jo`

a;nqrwpoj o`

avgaqo,j

Adjectives with the ArticleAdjectives with the Article

Adjectives that serve as nouns (as a substantive)

The good man

Attributive Attributive AdjectiveAdjective

Predicate Predicate AdjectiveAdjective

The man is good

o` avgaqo,j a;nqrwpo

jo`

a;nqrwpoj o`

avgaqo,j

o` a;nqrwpo

j avgaqo,j avgaqo,j

o` a;nqrwpo

j

Adjectives with the ArticleAdjectives with the ArticleExpress assertions about a thing or person, as a complement to the verb “to be” (verb may be implied)

Predicate adjectives always come before or after the article and noun.

The good man

Substantival Substantival AdjectiveAdjective

Attributive Attributive AdjectiveAdjective

Predicate Predicate AdjectiveAdjective

o` avgaqo,j

The good (man)

The man is good

o` avgaqo,j a;nqrwpo

jo`

a;nqrwpoj o`

avgaqo,j

o` a;nqrwpo

j avgaqo,j avgaqo,j

o` a;nqrwpo

j

Adjectives with the ArticleAdjectives with the Article

An adjective always agrees with the An adjective always agrees with the noun or pronoun it modifies, but noun or pronoun it modifies, but

this does not mean that adjectives this does not mean that adjectives will always take the same suffix as will always take the same suffix as

the noun it modifies.the noun it modifies.

oiJ ajgaqoi; maqhtaiv

ajgaqoi; maqhtaiv

Usually, if an adjective and noun are found Usually, if an adjective and noun are found together w/o the definite article, the together w/o the definite article, the

adjective should be translated predicatively adjective should be translated predicatively (p. 42).(p. 42).

Disciples are good.

In the NT, attributive adjectives will generally have the article.

ajgaqo;V a[nqrwpoV blevpei to;n ajpovstolon.

However, is the following a predicative or However, is the following a predicative or an attributive adjective?an attributive adjective?

A good man sees the apostle.

A man is good

avgaqo,j a;nqrwpo

j

Adjectives without the ArticleAdjectives without the Article

a;nqrwpoj

avgaqo,j

A good manor

A man is good

A good manor