Adigrat-Adwa-ShireRoad Upgrading Project, Contract No.1: Shire … · 2016. 7. 16. · properly indicated in the BOR which will be matched in the tender document. ... be piped to

Ethiopian Roads Authority

Adigrat-Adwa-ShireRoad Upgrading Project,

Contract No.1: Shire to Adi Abun

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN

(EMP)

China Gezhouba Water & Power (Group) Co., Ltd.

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E2392 v6

Content

1. Project Background

2. Description of socio-environmental conditions of the project corridor

3. Triggered policy and legal framework

4. Socio-environmental issues

4.1 Reinstatement of borrow and quarries sites

4.2Reinstatement of detours and access roads

4.3Establishment and Reinstatement of camp sites

4.4Erosion control and slop stability

4.5Waste management

4.6Water pollution control and utilization

4.7Deforestation in the road corridor and replanting activities

4.8Protection of wild life

4.9Smooth traffic management occupational safety

4.10Noise and air pollution

4.11 Prevention and control of HIV/AIDS

4.12Prevention of cultural heritage

5.Project site photos

6. layout of Utilization Plan for Borrow Areas and Quarries

Appendix 1: Reference Document <Guidelines For Environmental Impact

Assessment Of Highway Project>

Appendix 2: HIV/AIDS Prevention Plan

Ethiopian Roads Authority Adigrat-Adwa-Shire Road Upgrading Project Number 1: Shire to Adi Abun

1. Project Background

To reverse the prevailing environment catastrophes being experienced all over the country and elsewhere, the government of Ethiopia has made its commitment to put maximum effort and to combat the environmental degradation by formulated policies on the establishment of concerned Environment Unit within respective sectoral and cross-sectoral agencies.

All the environment impacts will ha ve to be quantified or itemized and properly indicated in the BOR which will be matched in the tender document. Contractor will undertake their responsibility during construction.

To upgrade the existing road from SHIRE to ADI AUN is the main work, including widening the road, rebuilding the road surface, and covering it with asphalt concrete. According to the characteristic of the construction, the work will not influence the environment too much. The natural, biological environments may be influenced, but all of them are under effective control.

The Contractor will abide all national and regional law of Ethiopia on envirol)mental issue.

2. Description of socio-environmental conditions of the project

corridor

According to the data along the road, the conditions are as follows:

1.Project road starts from SHIRE and end at ADI ABUN. The total length is 91.8km.

2.The carriageway width varies from 5.0 to 7.0 meters in the most of the stretch. However, in some sections of the project road, the width of the carriageway is even more than 7.0 meters.

3.Theexisting section of the project road is passing through one historic city namedAXUM.

4.Major portion of the project road passes through rolling terrain.

5.There are 8 bridges in all and about 238 culverts along the road.

6.The surface water drainage carries seasonal flow during monsoons and remains dry during the rest of the year.

China Gezhouba Water & Power (Group) Co., Ltd. 1/23


7.Some roadside trees have to be cut for widening the existing road.

3. Triggered policy and legal framework

China Gezhouba Group Company insists on the guideline that construction quality must be attached the most importance to and environmental protection must be done the best. Environmental protection is the responsibility of every person. The project must be done the best and environment also must be protected well. From the commencement to the completion of the project, this guideline is insisted and carried out by the contractor all the time.

4. Socio-environmenta.1 issues

4.1 Reinstatement of borrow and quarries sites

Malaria is the most pandemic disease in the project area. The used quarry sites and borrow pits is likely to increase the prevalence of malaria-carrying mosquitoes by increasing breeding ground. Thus, quarries, borrow pits and borrow areas will be reinstated by land scoping including the replacement and spreading of top soil as directed and to the satisfaction of the engineer. In addition, by spraying drug to kill mosquito, the Contractor will regularly undertake to reduce the risk of malaria infection. In addition, the contractor will provide the medicines for anti-malaria infection every 5 days for the engineer, Chinese staff and local staff when the rainy season comes, which is a great time for malaria infection, so that the prevention of malaria will be executed. In the quarry site, Contractor will plant the trees and grass, and renew the physiognomy after completion. The contractor prepares to divide the thorough road by their executive region, and the Shire, Selekalaka, Wukro, Axum and Adwa as center separately. On the planting season, the contractor will consult with the correlative Agricultural Administration. In accordance with the market price, the contractor will sign purchasing contract for the suitable trees and seeds. Obviously, the purchased trees and seeds will meet the satisfaction of the engineer and these trees and seeds will also suitable for the Ethiopian climate, so that the rehabilitation of damaged trees and shrubbery will be achieved.

In the borrow pits, Contractor must take action and renew the borrow area in

time. Contractor will build temporary drain or the other drainage system to

drain the water away easily.

4.2Reinstatement of detours and access roads

China Gezhouba Water & Power (Group) Co., ltd. 2/23

Ett- ;opian Roads Authority Adlgrat-Adwa-Shire Road Upgrading Project Number 1: Shire to Adi Abun

When Contractor constructs the culvert, Contractor must construct the access road (diversion) at first.

If it is single driveway, this access road is 5m. If it is dual lane, it must be 9m. Contractor makes sure that road surface is smooth.

At start and end of access road, Contractor will set up flagmen.

In light, Contractor will set up road-block to remind drivers for both sides of access road.

4.3Establishment and Reinstatement of camp sites

After completion of the project and all personnel leave the living camp, the

contractor will arrange professional personnel to establish the work team of

re-instatement. All facilities of the camp will be demolished according to the

plan and the soil will be loosened, if necessary, suitable farm soil will be

carried to the camp to satisfy the requirement of planting,

4.4Erosion control and slop stability

Temporary soil erosion control will be done within the ROW when necessary for borrow pit and quarry operations, hauling roads and equipment storage sites. The Contractor will incorporate all permanent erosion control features as shown in the Drawings into the Works at the earliest practicable time to minimize the need for temporary erosion control measures.

Clearing and grubbing operations will be so scheduled and performed that grading operations and permanent erosion control features can be followed immediately when possible; otherwise, temporary erosion control measures may be adopted to make construction easily.

In the event that temporary erosion control measures are required due to the Contractor's negligence, carelessness or failure to install permanent controls as part of the Work. Scheduled or ordered by the Engineer, such work will be carried out by the Contractor at his own expense.

Contractor won't carry out excavation, blasting, or borrowing the soil near to river bed or water points, to avoid compressing, breaking into or polluting rivers, also he will not disturb the natural flowing of existing river and water channels or existing irrigation aqueducts or drainage system.

Drainage ditches and sediment basins will be set up in living camps, quarry sites, borrow pits, etc. to avoid emission of high concentrated sediments into


Ethiopian Roads Authority Adigrat-Adwa-Shire Road Upgrading Project Number 1: ShiretoAdiAbun

farm lands, swampy areas and other particular sensitive areas.

Contractor will put gabions at the roadbed and along the rivers to protect the soil against erosion as shown in design drawing.

The contractor will adopt any possible measures to control the soil erosion in the earliest practical time. For instance, firstly, control the craftwork seriously to calculate the exactly quantity of soil used for construction work, to avoid excess excavation. Secondly, to set the diversion properly to decrease the vehicle compaction of surrounding soil, which will lead to the flying of dust. Thirdly, the soil used for construction work will be compacted as soon as obtained to reduce the exposure, and then the soil lost can be avoided. Fourthly, as soon as the road formed, the protection fence will be set on the sides of road, so that the damage of soil caused by the passing brute will be avoided. At last, the deposition pool for abandoned mud will be set on the outlet of culvert, and its clearance will be carried out timely for the purpose of soil losing.

4.5Waste management

1. The Contractor will, at all time, keep the construction area, including storage areas used, free from accumulations of waste materials or rubbish.

All waste water and sewage from office, residential and mobile camps will be piped to soak pits or other disposal areas constructed in accordance with local government regulations, and where and when such regulations require it the Contractor will obtain a permit or other appropriate documentation approving the disposal methods being used.

All used fuels, oils, other plant or vehicle fluids, and old tyres and tubes will be collected to a central disposal point, on a regular basis and disposed of as specified below.

All household, office, workshop and other solid waste will be collected to a central disposal area, on a daily basis and disposed of in a manner approved by the Engineer.

Servicing of plant, equipment and vehicles will whenever possible be carried out at a workshop area. This workshop area will be equipped with secure storage areas for fuels, oils and other fluids constructed in such a way as to contain any spillages which may occur, and similar storage where used fluids can be stored securely prior to their disposal.

When servicing of plant, equipment and vehicles is carried out away from the workshop area it will be done at locations and in such a manner as to



avoid spillage and contamination of streams and other drainage courses. Any spillages will be cleaned up by either burning in place or collecting the contaminated soils and burning them at the central disposal area, all to the satisfaction of the Engineer.

Prior to completion of the work, the Contractor will remove from the vicinity of the work all plant facilities, buildings, rubbish, unused materials, concrete forms, and other like material, belonging to him or used under his direction during construction.

Any residue deposited on the ground from washing out transit mix trucks or any similar concrete operations will be buried or cleaned up in a manner acceptable to the Engineer.

2. Disposal of Waste Material (i) General

Waste materials including, but not restricted to, refuse, garbage, sanitary wastes, industrial wastes, and oil and other petroleum products, will be disposed of by the Contractor. Disposal of combustible materials will be by burying, where burial of such materials is approved by the Engineer; by burning, where burning of approved materials is permitted; or by removal from the construction area. Disposal of non-combustible materials will be by burying, where burial of such materials is approved by the Engineer, or by removal from the construction area. Waste materials removed from the construction area will be dumped at an approved dump.

The contractor will collect the abandoned fuel and oil by drum or barrel, then contact the correlative local government for supporting on dealing with the disposal of oil and fuel safely and free from any pollution.

(ii) Disposal of Material by Burying Only materials approved by the Engineer may be buried. Burial will be in pits and the location, size and depth of which will be approved by the Engineer. The pits will be covered by at least 0.6 metre of earth material prior to abandonment.

(iii) Disposal of Material by Burning All materials to be burned will be piled in designated burning areas in such a manner as will cause the least fire hazards. Burning will be thorough and complete and all charred pieces remaining after burning, except for scattered small pieces, will be removed from the construction area and disposed of as otherwise provided in this Section.

The Contractor will, at all times, take special precautions to prevent fire from


Ethiopian Roads Authority Adigrat-Adwa-Shire Road Upgrading Project Number 1: Shire toAdiAbun

spreading beyond the piles being burned and will be liable for any damage caused by his burning operations. The Contractor will have available, at all times, suitable equipment and supplies for use in preventing and suppressing fires and will be subject to all laws and regulations locally applicable for pre-suppression, suppression, and prevention of fires.

(iv) Disposal of Material by Removal Material to be disposed of by removal from the construction area will be removed from the area prior to the completion of the work under the Contract.

Materials to be disposed of by dumping will be hauled to an approved dump area. It will be the responsibility of the Contractor to make any necessary arrangements with private parties and with local officials pertinent to locations and regulations of such dumping.

(v) Disposal location

The contractor will contact the major cities (Shire, Axum, Adwa) and towns (Wekro, Seleklaka) and request their permission to remove some garbage created by the living for treatment jOintly which can not be settled by above methods.

The cesspool will be cleared regularly by the contractor, and the waste will be used for planting.

(vi) Possibility of recycling/reuse of wastes The used bottles, papers, plastic goods, used steel bars will be collected and recycled by local factory as far as possible. .

The facilities, such as AC, TV, etc. in the camp will be mostly shifted back to

China, or be used for another project in Ethiopia.

4.6Water pollution control and utilization

The Contractor will comply with all applicable Ethiopian laws, orders, regulations and water quality standards concerning the· control and abatement of water pollution.

The Contractor's construction activities will prevent the entrance, or accidental spillage, of solid matter, contaminants, debris, and other pollutants and wastes into streams, flowing or dry watercourses, lakes, and underground water sources. Such pollutants and wastes include, but are not restricted to, refuse, garbage, cement, concrete, sanitary waste, industrial


Ethiopian Roads Authority Ad Igrat-Adwa-Shire Road Upgrading Project Number 1: Shire to Adi Abun

waste, radioactive substances, oil and other petroleum products, aggregate processing tailings, mineral salts, and thermal pollution.

Dewatering work for structure foundations or earthwork operations adjacent to, or encroaching on, streams or watercourses will be conducted so as to prevent muddy water and eroded materials from entering the streams or watercourses by construction of (such as, build) intercepting ditches, bypass channels, barriers, settling ponds, or by other approved means. Excavated material or other construction material will not be stockpiled or deposited near or on stream banks, lake shorelines, or other watercourse perimeters.

Increase of turbidity in a stream or other bodies of water that are caused by construction activities will be strictly controlled. The required construction work in water way will include such work as diversion of a stream, construction or removal of cofferdams, specified earthwork in or adjacent to a stream channel, pile driving, and construction of turbidity control structures. Mechanized eqUipment will not be operated in flowing water except as necessary to construct crossings or to perform the required construction.

Wastewaters from aggregate production, concrete batching, or other construction operations will not enter into the streams, watercourses, or other surface waters without using of such turbidity control methods as settling ponds, gravel-filter entrapment dikes, approved flocculating processes that are not harmful to fish, recirculation systems for washing aggregates, etc. Any such wastewater discharged into surface water will contain the as little settleable material as possible. For the purpose of these Specifications, settleable material is defined as that material which will settle from the water by gravity during a 1-hour quiescent detention period.

Sewage and liquid waste due to the construction and living will be disposed collectively and will not be drained into rivers or rills unless they are inspected and ensured to meet the related stipulations.

Sewage pipes, septic tanks and sediment basins will be set up in the camp.

Sediment basins will be set up in breaking and crushing workshop so as to repeatedly utilize the waste water after it is disposed.

4.7Deforestation in the road corridor and replanting activities

All trees and, shrubbery which are not specifically required to be cleared or removed for construction purposes will be preserved and protected from any damage which may be occurred by the Contractor's construction operations and equipments. Special care will be exercised where trees or shrubs are exposed to injuries by construction equipments and the blasting, excavating,



dumping, chemical using, or other operations; and the Contractor will adequately protect such trees by use of protective barriers or other methods approved by the Engineer. The trees or shrubs can be removed only after permitted by the Engineer.

The layout of the Contractor's construction facilities such as workshops, warehouses, storage areas, and parking areas; location of access and haul routes; and operation in borrow and spoil areas will be planned and conducted in such manner that all trees and shrubbery which have not been approved for removal by the Engineer will be preserved and adequately protected from either direct or indirect damage due to the Contractor's operations.

Except in emergency cases or when otherwise approved by the Engineer, trees will not be used for anchorages. Where such use is approved, the trunk will be wrapped with a sufficient thickness of approved protective material before any rope, cable, or wire is placed.

The Contractor will be responsible for injuries to trees and shrubs caused by his operations. The term "injury" will include, without limitation, bruising, scarring, tearing, and breaking of roots, trunk or branches. All injured trees and shrubs will be treated without delay at the Contractor's expense. If damage occurs, the Engineer will determine the method of repair or treatment for injured trees and shrubs as recommended by an experienced horticulturist or a licensed tree surgeon provided by paid by the Contractor .

. All treatment of injured trees will be performed under his direction.

Trees or shrubs that, in the opinion of the Engineer, are beyond saving will be removed and replaced early in the next planting season. The replacements will be the same species, or other approved species, and of the maximum size that is practicable to plant and sustain growth in the particular environment. Replaced trees and shrubs will be stayed, watered, and maintained for a period of 1 year. Any replaced tree or shrub that dies will be removed and replaced, as directed by the Engineer, with such replacements being maintained for a period of one year from the date of replacement. The contractor prepares to divide the thorough road by their executive region, and the Shire, Selekalaka, Wukro, Axum and Adwa as center separately. On the planting season, the contractor will consult with the correlative Agricultural Administration. In accordance with the market price, the contractor will sign purchasing contract for the suitable trees and seeds. Obviously, the purchased trees and seeds will meet the satisfaction of the engineer and these trees and seeds will also suitable for the Ethiopian climate, so that the rehabiiitation of damaged trees and shrubbery will be achieved.



Any unnecessary destruction, scarring or defacing to the natural landscape around the project will be avoided. Except for the road and earthwork construction approved for the permanent works, all trees, shrubbery and vegetation will be preserved and be protected properly.

According to the designed place and requirements as per the technical specification, borrow and abandon soil in relevant areas. When borrowing soil in farmland, topsoil will be cleared and piled up collectively. After borrowing, the pit will be backfilled and leveled by the topsoil.

If there are damages to local landscape, they will be remedied after completion of the construction.

When the temporary traffic diversion and site transportation road are no 10r'Jger used, the contractor will remove the top surface, and the bottom part will be scarified for the growing of the new planting, just as the instructions from your side.

The layout of workshops, offices, storehouses and parking areas will comply with the requirement from the contract and engineer's direction.

In the course of explosion operation, the effective area will be assigned as per the Contractor's requirement so as to reduce bad influences to environment.

4.8Protection of wild life

Contractor will ensure the safety of all livings during construction by erecting the appropriate signs and signals around construction sites.

Contractor will set up speed control signs, wildlife reserve indication signs, or any other appropriate signs to increase the awareness of road users, avoid setting up quarry and borrow sites in the core area of wildlife habitat or reduce the numbers, and enhance awareness among the work force and community.

4.9Smooth traffic management occupational safety

In order to reduce the adverse influence to traffic due to construction of the project, this plan is to ensure temporary traffic diversions, barricades, signs, and the provision and other necessary for safe and easy passage for public and construction during the performance of the Contract including the reinstatement of traffic diversions.

The layout of the traffic diversions is based on actual situation of the site. In

Ch,na Gezhouba Water & Power (Group) Co., Ltd. 9/23


towns and main building areas, it is planned to accommodate traffic where the road is constructed in half-width. In barren land, farmland and forest, road diversions will be taken.

Selection of controlled area

According to the job progress, Contractor will choose a segment of road as controlled area. It is changed with the progress of the construction.

Traffic control measures

Accommodating of normal traffic will be considered and maintained at all times. In special circumstances, it will be approved by the Engineer if the road needs to be closed for an hour. And Contractor will give reasonable notice of any road closure proposed. On completion of one day's work, the site will allow the safe and smooth traffic. And Contractor will be responsible for complying with all regulations relating to the temporary closure of roads.

(a) Accommodation of public traffic

Contractor will, except where permission is specifically given, provide and permit the passage of public traffic along the road by means of half-width working or by the provision of temporary traffic diversions at all times.

(b) Temporary road closures

If it is necessary to close the road, Contractor will get the permission from the engineer at first. When temporary road closures are in operation, Contractor will halt public traffic at convenient level sections of the road, and provide clear reasons and the expected durations for the delays to the public.

(c) Provision of Temporary Traffic Diversion

Contractor will be responsible for the safe and smooth traffic of roads where has been occupied. Contractor will take the necessary care at all times in all his operations and use of his equipment to protect the public and to facilitate the traffic ·How.

(d) Minimum Vertical Clearance

The minimum vertical clearance over any portion of a temporary traffic diversion will be 4.9m. Contractor will comply with this rule.

China Gezhouba Water & Power (Group) Co., Ltd. 10/23 .


(e) Property and Survey Beacons

If possible, temporary traffic diversions will be constructed so as not to damage or displace property or trigonometrical survey beacons. In exceptional cases where this is not possible Contractor will notify the Engineer and arrange spare one before displaced.

(f) Access to Properties

Contractor will also provide and allow the access of persons whose properties fall within or adjoin the area.

(g) Barricade and traffic signs

(1) Contractor will provide, erect and maintain barricades, traffic signs and warning boards.

(2) Contractor will provide a sufficient number of flags and take all necessary further precaution for the protection of the Works and the safety of the public traveling. If the Engineer considers that the flag-men provided by our company are ineffective, Contractor will replace them with electrically operated traffic Ijghts.

{3} Drums: In some loc,ation steel drums will be placed ,as specified by the Engineer. These drums will be painted white, ballasted with soil or sand and provided with retro-reflective tape strips, red on the side facing oncoming traffic and white on the other side. The drums will be maintained in a clean and good condition and no stones will be placed on drums.

(h) Temporary drainage works

Contractor will construct the necessary temporary works to deal with any surface run-off adequately. such as side drains, catch water drains, mitre drains, culverts, etc.

(i) Earthwork for temporary traffic diversion

Contractor will shape and grade the temporary traffic diversions by making full use of all material that can be obtained along the temporary traffic diversions. If sufficient material cannot be obtained, Contractor will import material from other sources.

(j) Maintenance of temporary traffic diversion



Contractor will maintain all temporary gravel traffic diversions in a safe trafficable condition. All potholes will be promptly repaired.

(k) I n half-breadth operating segments, Contractor will set traffic cones in middle borderline, and traffic signs along the road.

(I) Contractor will set traffic prompts, direction signs, and related warning signs 50-100m before instruction shortcuts.

(m) If it is necessary, Contractor will request local traffic authority for help.

(n) Contractor will supply adequate flagmen, signs barriers and necessary staff at our own cost to ensure a reasonable free flow of traffic alternately in each direction throughout the whole period if the roadway is open to one-way traffic only.

(0) Temporary facilities for traffic control a) flagman b) barricade c) warning board d) platen(according to the request of clause made) e) Temporary traffic -- control signals as speCified or as shown on the

drawings.

4.10Noise and air pollution

The Contractor will comply with applicable Ethiopian laws and regulations concerning the prevention and control of air pollution. Contractor will utilize such practicable methods and devices to prevent or otherwise minimize atmospheric emissions or discharges of air contaminants.

The dust emission into the atmosphere will be strictly controlled during manufacturing, handling, and storage of concrete and road aggregates, and the Contractor will use such methods and equipment to collect and dispose, or prevent the dust during operation. The Contractor's methods of storing and handling cement and pozzolan will also include means of eliminating atmospheric dust emission.

Equipments and vehicles that show excessive emission of exhaust gases due to poor engine adjustments, or other inefficient operating conditions, wiil not be operated until corrective repairs or adjustments are made.

China Gezhouba Water & Power (Group} Co., ltd. 12/23


Burning the materials resulting from clearing trees and brushes, combustible construction materials, and rubbish can be performed only when atmospheriC conditions for burning are considered favorable and when authorized by the Engineer. In lieu of burning, such combustible materials may be disposed by other methods as provided in contr act document. Where open burning is permitted, the burn piles will be properly constructed to minimize smoke, and in no case will the unapproved materials, such as tires, plastics, rubber products, asphalt products, or other materials that create heavy black smoke or nuisance odour be burned.

Contractor will put asphalt and hot mix plants at a safety distance away from inhabited areas.

Contractor won't operate the equipment that show excessive emissions of exhaust gases before the equipment be repaired and adjusted.

While transporting wastes which are produced during construction use sealed containers, prohibit casting away wastes without any treatment. Clean the construction wastes on schedule and water the site to reduce dust.

While constructing the road, water the road at first.

Every machine involved with petrol and diesel on site will meet the requirement of fuel discharge speCification.

Material that is easily fly upward will be kept indoors. If kept outdoors, it will be covered carefully. While transporting and unloading, take every method to reduce dust.

Install closed plant with waterworks for mixing system.

Prohibit burning poisonous and stinking materials in construction site. Explosion and crushing works will be carried out within stated time after approved by the engineer and it's forbidden to take blasting at night.

Contractor will carry out water sprinkling or other measures in the sections under construction to control the dust.

Contractor will implement prime coat straight after the completion of laying of base course before opening the road section to vehicular traffic, it also can avoid dust.



All the construction equipment and vehicles will be carefully maintained and minimize the level of noise.

Cement, lime and other f1appy materials will be covered during transportation so as to prevent losing and flying. Cement and lime will be stored in storehouse with envelope and cover.

All the boilers and stoves at site will be manufactured following environmental protection equipments. Pollution controlling device will be installed for asphalt system so as to make soot emission meet standard requirements.

Illumination instrument with proper power will be chosen if necessary.

Floodlights wi II be controlled to shine downward at an angle less than horizontal and will be shielded so as not to disturb neighboring areas. There will not be light directly irradiating into residential house.

In order to eliminate the noises, construction equipment of low noise will be

preferred for the contract. The equipment of over standard noise will be

enclosed with a shed to noise elimination. Noise construction procedures

will be carried out in daytime, and the transportation of excavated materials

and a large amount of construction materials will be performed at night to

avoid from traffic jam.

4.11 Prevention and control of HIV/AIDS

The Sub-Contractor will advise all site staffs and labour (including all the Contractor's employees, all Sub-Contractors' and Consultants' employees, and all truck drivers and etc. on site) on the dangers and impact of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) in general and HIV/AIDS in particular. To this end, the Contractor will conduct Information, Education and ConSUltation (IEC) campaigns at least every other month, address to the aforementioned site staffs, labour and the immediate local communities.

The Sub-Contractor will during the Contract period (including the Defects Liability Period) provide, maintain and operate at least one STD, HIVIAIDS clinic at each site or make alternative arrangements with an existing suitably qualified and equipped local clinic. Each clinic will be suitably staffed and equipped for the professional screening, diagnosis and counselling of STD and HIV/AIDS cases within the site staffs and labour (as defined above). Each clinic will also provide professional treatment of the general STD



cases, while the HIV/AIOS cases will be put in touch with/referred to the National HIV/AIOS program coordinated by the Ministry of Health.

The Sub-Contractor will also be readily available at least 100 condoms per year for each member of the above-mentioned site staffs and labour. The condoms will be of the male and female types, which will be provided in accordance with the gender of the recipient. The condoms will comply with the respective current WHO/UNAIDS Specifications and Guidelines.

The Sub-Co.ntractor will, throughout the contract, contact the Ministry of Health (MOH) and their designated local representatives or agents: in drawing up the Works' STO and HIV/AIOS alleviation program (including IEC); in contacting NGOs experienced in this field who could be sub-contracted to implement the program; and to report the progress and to coordinate with the MOH National Program for the STO and HIV/AIOS alleviation measures on site.

4.12Prevention of cultural heritage

If the Contractor discovers evidence of possible scientific, historical or archaeological interest or value during the execution of the works, he will immediately notify the Engineer and give the nature and location of his findings. Written confirmation will be forwarded within 2 days. The Contractor will take care so as not to damage artifacts or fossils uncovered during excavation operations and will provide such cooperation and assistance as may be necessary to preserve the findings for removal or other disposition by the Employer.

Where appropriate by reason of a discovery, the Engineer may order delays

in the time of performance, or changes in the work, or both. If such delays,

or changes, or both, are ordered, the time of performance and contract price

will be adjusted in accordance with the applicable clauses in the General

Conditions of Contract.

4. Project site photos


Ethiopian Roads Authority Adigrat-Adwa-Shire Road Upgrading Project Number 1: Shire to Ad; Abun

Safety education for employees

Meeting on the issue of safety and environmental protection

China Gezhouba Water 8. Power (Group) Co., Ltd. 16/23

Ethiopian Roads Authority Number 1: Shire to Adi Abun Adigrat-Adwa-Shire Road Upgrading Project

Watering against dust in construction of town section

Check for site safety and environmental protection



Sending our safety letter to local drivers


Et:1iopian Roads Authority Adigrat-Adwa-Shire Road Upgrading Project Number 1: Shire to Adi Abun



Construction site of retaining wall



Watering for dust prevention in construction of town section

Construction site of widening bridge

Flagman on site



Watering for dust prevention in construction of town section

Safety sign on site

5. Utilization Plan for Borrow Areas and Quarries

Summary table

NO. Socio-enviro location Propos % % Period of Exec Super Moni Cost

nment ed acco Remaini Execution utors viso torin requir

impact Mitigati mplis ng work r g ed

on hed

measur

i es !

1 Dust Quarry#5 Waterin 90% 10% In working Site Safety Proje 200000.

pollution k315 g time of the work engine ct OObirr

i

2 Noise Construct Control 80% -20%

quarry

everyday

er

Site

er

Safety

man

ager

Proje 100000.

I

pollution ion site the work engine ct OObirr

working er er man

time ager

and

forbid

noise of

vehicle

horn I

3 Borrow pit K277 Vegetati 50% 50% In the rainy Site Safety Proje 200000.

K289 on season work engine ct OObirr

K345 er er man

I

:4

I Prevention

K349

The Educati 70% i

30% . Every Sub- Safety

ager

Proje 254290.


Ethiopian Roads Authority Adigrat-Adwa-Shire Road Upgrading Project Number 1: Shire to AdiAbun

and control project on and

of HIVIAl OS corridor sending

condom

I )nth contr I engine ct OObirr

actor er man

i ager


Appendix 1:

GUIDELINES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL

IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF HIGHWAY

PROJECTS

CONTENTS

1. General

2. Introduction

3. Objectives of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

4. Scope

5. Procedure for Environmental Impact Assessment

6. Approach to Data Collection and Investigations for

Preparing E.I.A. and Mitigating Measures

APPENDICES

1. Measures to Prevent Soil Erosion and Land Degradation in

Road Development in Hilly Areas

2. Check List of Points about Erosion Control in the

Construction of Roads in Hilly Areas

1. GENERAL 1.1. The Council of the Indian Roads Congress in their meeting held on 1 st December, 1972 had set up a Committee to study the subject of Highway Environment and Pollution. The Committee had constituted two panels one for Environmental Impact Statement (E.LS.) for Non-urban Roads and other for Urban Roads. Three case studies, Deihi-Paiwal Section of National Highway No.2, Deihi-Meerut Section of State Highway No. 45 and Ring Road between

Indraprastha Estate and Dhaula Kuan for the Preparation of Environmental Impact Statement had been completed by the School of Planning and Architecture and one case Study of 40 km stretch of National Highway No.4?, on the Northern and Southern side of Trivandrum for the E.1.S. had been completed by National Transportation Planning and Research Centre. In light of the reports prepared as a result of the case studies, the draft Manual for preparation of E.I.S. for non-urban highway was prepared and discussed by the Committee (Personnel given below) in their meeting held at New Delhi on the 4th December, 1984. 1.2. The draft prepared by the Committee was discussed by the Specifications and Standards Committee in their meeting held at New Delhi on the 28th August, 1986. The Committee noted that after the draft was prepared, the Environment Protection Act, 1986 has come into force and the draft did not contain the quantification of standard of noise, air and environmental pollution and, therefore, would not help much in finalizing new projects. The Convenor stated that a questionnaire need to be added to take care of the points and quantified factors to take care of environment factors, and the Committee decided that the draft should be revised by the group under the Chairmanship of the Convenor of the Committee. 1.3. The draft prepared by Shri K. Arunachalam under the guidance of the Convenor was discussed by the Highway Specifications and Standards Committee in their meeting held at New Delhi on the 21 st September, 1988 and Committee desired that the document should be redrafted on the basis of the comments of the members by Shri K. Arunachalam assisted by the Member-Secretary and finalized by the Convenor. The document finalized by them got the approval of the Executive Committee and the Council in their meetings held on the 16th November, and 10th December, 1988 respectively. 1.4. These guidelines supplements the IRC : SP:19 "Manual for Survey, Investigation and Preparation of Road Projects" in so far as environmental assessment arc concerned and should be read in continuation of that manual. 2. INTRODUCTION 2.1. Highway network is one of the important components of transportation system at the National, State and local levels. In order to increase the efficiency of the transportation system, construction of new roads and improvements to existing roads are being undertaken in urban and rural areas. Construction of highways is often coupled with environmental deterioration. It is not only important but essential at planning stage itself to consider environmental impact of the proposed highway works. In the case of major works on existing highways, the impact of these works on the surroundings should be studied and attempts should be made to enhance the environmental quality through improvements. 2.2. The increase in public concern regarding "quality of life" has intensified the need for rational identification, measure-2 1RC 104-1988 ment and evaluation of environmental impacts. In order to achieve the desired harmony between

the road and its surroundings, it becomes necessary to study the environmental effects at the planning stage itself. At present, in the course of planning and designing a highway the main aspects taken into account are those of economy and traffic flow. As a result of this limited approach, many environmental problems such as noise, air pollution, aesthetic deterioration and ecological disturbance that get created are overlooked. Such problems can be avoided if their cause and effects are understood at the planning stage and remedial measures incorporated during the design phase. 2.3. The factors influencing the· environment can be considered in three categories. The first category "traffic factors "comprises those that arise from the actions and characteristics of the traffic, viz, noise, air pollution and vibration. The second category, "highway factors", include visual intrusion, severance, land consumption and change in land access which, although affected by traffic, exist irrespective of use of the highway. Under the third category fall the noise and air pollution arising as a result of construction activities The guidelines contained in this publication are based on current knowledge and experience. The noise and air pollution can be related to riding quality of the road, traffic volumes, speeds and distances, but vibration levels are more difficult to predict. Visual intrusion usually has to be subjectively assessed at sites or from photographs, drawings and sketches. 2.4. It is observed that the methodologies for assessing environmental impact developed in other countries cannot be applied in their original form under Indian conditions. Keeping in view the principal objectives, data resource and availability of technically equipped personnel for· preparation of the assessment for new and existing highways, a combination of subjective and conjective procedure is suggested. 3. OBJECTIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) 3.1. The environmental impact assessment has become an integral part of the highway planning and design in many advanced countries. The main purpose of EIA is to identify environmental impacts of the project and the alternatives, weigh their significance, propose possible mitigating treatments and provide necessary information for making decision whether the project is acceptable from environmental angle or not. 3.2. The case for introducing such a tool in this country is even stronger, as many new highway projects are being planned and/or implemented at State and Central Government levels in the wake of rapid development in the country. It is vital to ensure that these new/improved highways are not only safer and more efficient but are also environmentally acceptable. 3.3. However, considering the paucity of information and non-availability of adequate technical expertise to perform the task of preparing such assessments it will be necessary to simplify the same initially. Subsequently, with advancement in the field, the procedure could be refined to make it a more comprehensive and sharper instrument to evaiuate criticaiiy various alternatives

and compare them. 4, SCOPE 4.1. This publication provides guidelines on the preparation of EIA for highway projects involving either construction of a new ~oad or major improvements to an existing road. These guidelines assist in (i) providing useful information about the possible environmental impacts of the project, (ii) assessing and evaluating alternatives directed towards choice of the environmentally acceptable one which is also economically feasible, and (iii) identifying mitigating measures for incorporation in the project proposals. 4.2. The procedures for environmental impact assessment given in this publication are for general guidance of engineers preparing highway projects and not for any administrative action. It is intended that the assessment will be required only for major highway projects, in particular, construction of new

. highways. Also, the extent of investigations and data coverage will depend on the size and importance of the project and its anticipated impact on the environment. Where EIA is to be prepared for a project, it is recommended that the project authorities have close interaction with the Department of Environment and Forests. 4.3. Section 5 of this publication gives the procedure for environmental assessment and provides formats for recording baseline data, evaluation of alternatives and assessment of the environmental impact of the chosen alternatives. Section 6 provides an approach to data collection and evaluation for preparing the EIA as also measures for mitigating the adverse impacts. 4.4. It may be noted that the science of assessment of environmental impact of highway projects is still in its infancy in the country, and for many features there is no alternative but to resort to subjective assessment for the present. However, with more experience and information from results of research, it will be possible to refine the assessment procedures to make the EIA a more positive toot, Towards this end, this publication would need to be revised in course of time. 5, PROCEDURE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 5.1. General Preparation of Environmental Impact Assessment for a highway project involves several steps, starting from a clear understanding of the development objectives, collection of baseline data, and evaluation of alternatives to overall assessment of the environmental impact of the selected alternative. The involved activities are indicated in the form of a flow diagram in Fig. Format for preparing the EIA is given in Para 5.2. 5.2. Format for EIA for Highway Projects 5.2.1. Introduction: Give a broad description of the existing situ ation (the terrain, the existing road and its conditioned. as also of the proposal (length of new construction, major improvements, etc.); and the development objectives. 5.2.2. Existing situation: Give information on the existing situation as regards the road system, road transport, environmental features, etc. r in the form

shown in Table 1.TABLF 3. EXISTING FFATURS$ Feature Information (a) Road factors (i) Land width available (m) (ii) Geometrics- curvature, gradient, roadway! pavement widths, etc. (iii) Structural condition of road and road structures (b) Terrain (i) Type of terrain (plain, rolling, hilly) (CI Traffic factors (i) Traffic volume (veh/day) (ii) Traffic composition (iii) Average speed of travel (iv) Time delays at railway level crossing, etc. (v) Presence of road intersection (Nos. /km) (VI) Access control (VIi) Accidents (Fatal and injury accidents per year) (d) Land nse (i) Type of area (urban, semi-urban, rural) (ii) Number of towns/villages Traversed enroute with population figures (iii) Location of major land-use types such as commercial, residential, industrial, recreational, agricultural, etc. Show this on a map (e) Environmental factors (i) Climate (annual rainfall (mm), snowfall, maximum and minimum temperatures ("C) (ii) Vegetation (iii) Ribbon development and encroachments (iv) Roadside facilities Air pollution level (very high, high, moderate, low) (VI) Noise level (very high, moderate, and low) (Vii) Wildlife (any endangered species) For new roads, provide information on traffic likely to use the road on completion. 5.2.3. Need for the proposed project: Need for the project May be for fulfilling the development objectives of satisfying the transport demand, for providing access. for improving the environment, etc. These should be discussed keeping the following pOints in view (a) Transportation demand-present demand, projection for design year. (b) Access present position about access to the area and the importance. (c) Capacity -the highway width and type needed to cater to design traffic (d) If "No action alternative" is to be chosen (Le. the proposed action is not implemented), discuss the anticipated .adverse effects on the following (i) Traffic convenience -free traffic movement/congestion, delays, safety. (ii) Environmental -air quality, noise, vibration, general aesthetic quality, etc. (iii) Economic -costs of vehicle operation, road maintenance/improvement, accidents.etc. 5.2.4. Proposed piOject 5.2.4.1. In this part, the physical and environmental features of the alternatives

investigated for the proposed project should be brought out, The information may be recorded in a tabular Form for all the alternatives, vide format suggested in Table 2. TABLE 2, PROIFORMA FOR RICORDING THE PHYSICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL FEATURES Of ALTERNATIVES INVESTIGATED 1.Length (km) -New construction -improvement of existing road 2. Terrain (plain rolling/hilly) 3. land width proposed (in) 4. Cate30ry of land proposed to be acquired (ha) -Forest land -Agricultural land Waste land -Swampy land 5. Displacement of households (Nos.) 6. Cut sections -Length in cut. (Km) -Max. Depth of cut (m) 7. Fill sections -Length in fill (kin) -Max. Height of fill (m) 8. Vegetation -No. of trees exceeding 60cm in girth to be cut 9. Flood hazard (encroachment on flood plain) 10. Erosion potential 11. Landslide potential 12. Stretch in geologically unstable areas 13. Drainage and adverse impact on water flow 14. Number of major river crossings (exceeding 60 m) 15. No. of road intersections 16. No. of railway crossings 17. Schools, colleges, hospitals falling enroute 18. Number and type of utilities requiring relocation 19. Possibility of providing wayside amenities 20. Air quality (very poor, poor, fair, and good) 21, Noise level 22. Estimated cost 5.2.4.2, Based on the investigations made on the alternatives, bring out the reasons for choosing the selected alternative. Highlight the specific merits of the chosen alternative from environmental angle. 5.2.5. Probable impact of the selected alternative on the environment and proposed mitigating measures 5.2.5.1. In this Para the probable impact of the selected alternative on the

environment should he discussed Both beneficial and adverse impacts should be included. Measures proposed for in mitlgating the adverse impacts should he highlighted. The information may be provided in the form of replies to questionnaire as in Table 3. TABLE3. IMPACT OF THE Selected ALTIRNATIVE ON THE ENVIRONMENT AND ACTION PROP051D FOR MITIOAIION Land acquisition (a) Is acquisition of forest land involved? (b) If so, whether discussions have been held with Forest Deptt. Also state as to what action has been taken to get clearance from forest angle. (c) Is acquisition of wet land/swampy land mangroves wildlife habitat involved? 2. Highway location (a) Is the road to traverse any unstable area, avalanche area, marsh, etc? 11 so, have necessary remedial measures been planned? (h) Have geological maps been studied or local Geological Deptt. Consulted to avoid unstable 3, Highway alignment (a) Does the alignment follow lie of tue land and avoid large scale cutting? (b) Is any section susceptible to damage- erosion by streams and torrents? If so, have protection measures been planned? 4. Highway cross-section (a) Does the road cross-section involve a lot of disturbance to the natural ground? (b) For sections in cut, is the half cut and half fill type of cross-section which involves leasi disturbance to the natural ground being adopted? (c) Are the proposed cut slopes stable for the strata? (d) Are slope stabilizing structures like breast walls, pitching, etc., required and being proposed? (e) Does the cut hill face require any special treatment to prevent slips? If so, are such measures being proposed? 5. Erosion control (a) Has erosion potential been considered for the alignment? (h) Are erosion control measures before start of work and between successive construction stages required? If so, have these been worked out? (c) Have location and alignment of culverts been chosen to avoid severe erosion at outlets and siltation at inlets? (d) Are necessary erosion control measures proposed at outfall of culverts? 6. Drainage (a) Does the project provide for necessary cross drainage structures so as not to obstruct the natural drainage of the area? (b) Does the project provide for necessary side drains, catch water drains, etc., for safe disposal of surface water? (e) Will the load cause undue increase in the HFL or create ponding situation for long periods?

7. Vegetation (a) Does the project provide for siding/ grassing all embankmenVcut slopes and other bared areas? (b) Does the project provide for planting trees/plants on the roadside at the appropriate location? 8. Traffic movement (a) Does the road affect the traffic circulation in the area? If 50, have necessary measures been taken to provide suitable access to crossing roads? (h) Wilt the proposed highway improve traffic movement, in terms of speed, convenience and safety? (c) Are school children, hospitals, etc? affected by the highway 7 If 50, are necessary traffic control measures taken into account? (d) Arc road user facilities like fuel-filling station, rest areas, truck-parks, etc., planned along the highway? 9. Construction (a) Has the proper disposal of surplus excavated material been thought of and provided for? (h) Have the type of equipment to be used for construction been identified ? Will it be specified that these equipment are provided with pollution control devices? (c) Have quarry/material sources borrow areas been identified? 15 opening up of new quarry/material sources involved? If 50, will this affect the inhabitants in the nearby areas? (d) What measures have been planned to control dust from construction site? (e) Will the proposed borrow areas affect the environment by way of soil erosion, water ponding, projecting a shabby look, etc? If 50, have the necessary remedial measures been planned? 10. Air quality (a) What is the estimated number of motorized vehicles expected on the highway in the design year -petrol vehicles (nos.) -diesel vehicles (nos.) (b) Volume capacity ratio and traffic flow condition expected on the proposed highway in the design year. (c) Will the highway improve or deteriorate the air quality in the population centers enroute? Traffic noise and vibrations (a) What is the existing noise 1 evels and noise level expected on completion of project? (b) What is the type of surfacing proposed for the highway? (c) Are residential institutional areas located within a distance of 100 m from the centerline of the highway? (d) If 50, have noise-abatement measures like noise screens/screen plantation, etc., been included in the project? 12. Water quality

Is any pollution expected to affect water quality on completion of the project? 13. Any other point? 5.2.6. Overall assessment of selected alternative 5.2.6.1. In this part, overall assessment of the itnpact of the selected alternative on the environment, based on the information in Table 3 should be made, Both the positive and negative impacts should be listed out. The proposed remedial measures for mitigating the negative impacts along with their possible effect should also be brought out. 5.2.6.2. Some of the positive impacts could he (i) Employment opportunity to local people (ii) Enhancement of local industry and handicraft (iii) Enhancement of rural development through quick transportation of inputs/outputs (iv) Quicker approach access to social services (v) Reduction in traffic congestion through city/town (vi) Development of' tourism vii) Reduced pollution and quicker transportation due to better quality of road (viii) improved road safety . 5.2.6.3. Some of' the negative impacts could be (i) Soil erosion, sedimentation of lakes and reservoirs (ii} Obstruction to natural drainage, water ponding, etc. (iii) Increase in traffic litter, noise and dust pollution (iv) Air pollution due to exhaust of vehicles (v;, Cutting of trees! and loss of foresUagriculturalland (vi) Spills of toxic and hazardous chemicals from carriers of such materials (vii)Effect on wildlife through habitat toss. 5.2.6.4 Make an overall assessment whether the project is acceptable or unit acceptable from environmental angle. If unacceptable, the project should be investigated further for identifying the alternative having better acceptability. 6. APPROACH TO DATA COLLECTION AND INVESTIGATIONS FOR PREPARING E.I.A. AND M U'IGATING MEASURES 6. 1. General 6.1.1. For preparing a highway project, surveys and investigations are usually conducted in different stages. First is the Reconnaissance Survey** during which a number of alternative alignments are studied on maps/drawings/photographs, etc., and then investigated in the field. During this phase, information on terrain, topographic features, soils, materials, drainage, etc., are collected and nalysed. A plan-profile drawing to the scale of i:50,OOO is also prepared. Based on the information, the alternative alignments are evaluated along with cost factors so as to enable the choice of the most suitable alignment for further detailed investigations. The collected information, analysis of alternatives and recommendations are presented in the Reconnaissance Report. 6.1.2, The time of reconnaissance survey is considered appropriate for

collecting information for preparation of the draft ELA. The draft E.1.A. should be prepared side by side 6.2. Investigations 6.2.1. The degree of impact of road construction on the different environ mental aspects vary depending on tacit is such as the types of tuba (urban or rural), the terrain (plain, rolling or hilly), the land-use pattern of the area (resident, educational, industrial, etc.) For example, road constructionist in the hills is beset with problems like landslides, soil erosiot, etc , which are of seriotts environmental consequences. In residential anti other urban areas, quality of air, noise pollution, proper traffic circulation and the like are more importa nt. In the rural areas where speeds are high, it is more a question of having an aesthetically pleasing alignment fitted gracefully into the surroundings and providing pleaSing visual experience. Where a road has to pass through forest land, obtaining necessary clearance from the Department of Forests and Wildlife is important. Thus, depending on the situation, the aspects requiring detailed study should be identified and the investigations organized accordingly. 6.2.2. It is describe that the investigations for prepay ring E.I.A. are conducted by a multi-disciplinary team cool prising a HighwayfTraffic Engineer, an Ens ironmental Specia list and a HortiCUlturist. For roads in urban areas, a Town Planner should be included. Similarly, for roads in the hills, a Geologist! Cioeteehnieal Engineer should be included. 6.2.3. Investigations for the existing roads 6.2.3.1. Table 1 of the E.I.A. format will be required to be tilled in for cases where major redevelopment of the existing road is envisaged or a new road along a different route (e.g. bypass) is to be constructed. The data to be collected would include (i) inventory data of the road-from Inventory Sursey (ii) Terrain-from topo sheets and site inspection (iii) Structural condition of road and road structures-from site investigations (iv) Land-use-from Town panning organizations, area/city development authority (v) Traffic from traffic count and classification study, speed delay studies, etc. (vi) Accident -from police authorities (vii) Environmental factors Climatic features-from Meteorological Deptt. Wildlife -from Wildlife Deptt. Air pollution -see Para 6.2.6. Noise level-see Para 6.2.7, Others -from site inspection 6.2.3.2. The road should be divided into sections of similar physical and environmental features, and data collected and presented for each section separately. 6.2.3.3. The purpose of assessment of the environmental quality of the existing route is for comparison with the estimated environmental quality after the

implementation of the proposed highway alternative. 6.2.4. Road construction in hilly areas 6.2.4.1. Construction of a road in the hills is a human necessity for providing the basic communication facility, but this activity invariably disturbs the natural setting and creates conditions conducive to large-scale landslides in the first few years of construction. Even dense forests are not immune to this problem. With the removal of vegetative cover, destructive action of water gets 'further pronounced and accelerates the process of soil erosion and formation of deep gullies. Consequently, the hill faces are bared of soil and vegetative cover and enormous quantities of soil and rock move down the rivers, and in some cases the road itself is washed out. 6.2.4.2. While the adverse effects of hill road construction on the environmental/ecological system cannot be eliminated altogether, counter measures must be taken by the road construction agencies to bring down till adverse effects to the barest minimum possible. This calls for careful attention right frqm the stage of conception of the road to surveys and investigations, alignment selection and project 'formulation, construction, and subsequent maintenance. To ensure that best results are achieved and expensive maintenance is avoided, measures taken should not he considered in. isolation but built into the road project itself as an integral part with all necessary provisions for the purpose. important among these are brought out under broad activity headings in Appendix 1. 6.2.4.3. To ensure that measures for prevention of soil erosion and land degradation are planned and executed in 'a systematic manner and that no Important features are lost sight of a check list Is suggested, vide Appendix 2. Preferably t~lis check list should form a part of the road project itself or faCilitating cross checking of the requirements at different stages. 6.2.5. Pollution control - general 6.2.5.1. There are about 30 major enactments related to control of pollution now being administered by the Central and State Govts. The enforcement of the Acts for Prevention and Control of Pollution of Water (1974) and Air (1981), as also In respect of Water Cess Act (1977) is carried out through the Central Board for Prevention and Control of Water Pollution (CBP CWP). The Central Board also coordinates activities of the 18 State Central Boards statutorily constituted in various States and Union Territories for nationwide Implementation of pollution control. For providing a single focus for all environmental issues In the country and to plug loopholes in the existing Acts, the Govt. of India enacted the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. This Act confers on the Central Govt. to take all necessary measures for protecting the quality of environment, to lay down standards for discharge of environmental pollutants, etc. 6.2.5.2. Towards monitoring air quality, the Ministry of Environment and Forests have set up 75 ambient air quality monitoring stations spread throughout the country. Similarly, monitoring stations have been set up on the

river systems for assessment of water quality. 6.2.6. Air Pollution. 6.2.6.1. Air pollution to the highway environment is caused by road vehicles. For petrol driven vehicles, carbon monoxide (CD) discharged from the exhaust of vehicles is the pollutant. For diesel driven vehicles It Is the density of the smoke emitted which though of not of major Importance In respect of health is serious from the point of view of obstruction to visibility, soiling of structures, public property, etc. 6.2.6.2. The Bureau of Indian Standards have prepared emission standards for both petrol and diesel vehicles. These are (i) Is: 9057-1979, "Emission Limits for Carbon Monoxide for Vehicles Powered by Spark Ignition Engines". This Standard stipulates the following emission standards for CO: (i) Vehicles which have completed 5 years of life or 80,000 km distance, whichever is earlier. CO content of exhaust gases by volume during idling .. , Max, 3 per cent (ii) Other vehicles, CO content of exhaust gases by volume during idling, .. , Max. 4,5 per cent Density levels (i) For vehicles operating in urban areas, the smoke density shall not exceed 65 Flintridge smoke units as measured by free acceleration method; or 5.2 Bosch or 75 Hat tridge smoke units as measured by full load method. (ii) For vehicles operating in non-urban areas, the smoke density shall not exceed 70 Hart ridge smoke units as measured by free acceleration method; or 5.5 Bosch or 80 Hart ridge smoke units as measured by full load method, The above standard also includes the procedure for measurement. 6.2.6.3. The above mentioned vehicle emission. standards have not yet been made statutory. Also, there. is no national standard for ambient air quality. The present efforts as regards controlling air pollution from automobiles have been restricted to survey of the level of' discharge of pollutants from the vehicles and making suitable recommendations, 6.2.6.4. The level of ambient air pollution because of road vehicles depends on several factors such as the condition of the vehicles, the level of traffic congestion causing frequent acceleration/ deceleration or stopping, the wind velocity and direction, etc. At present, no indigenous data or models are available for predicting the level of ambient air pollution under given sets of conditions, Till such time the data/models are available, it is suggested that both the number of motorized vehicles and the volume/capacity ratio (lower the ratio, lesser is the congestion and lower pollution) he taken as indicators for air pollution levels. 6.2.7. Noise pollution 6.2.7.1. Road traffic causes noise. The noise level depends on factors such as trail. c intensity, the type and condition of the vehicles, acceleration/deceleration depending on the level of congestion, smoothness of

road surface, etc. The BIS has recommended the acceptable noise levels under different situations. The noise levels for residential a reas as given in 15 4954-1968 are as follows I. Rura125-35 2 Suburban 30 - 40 3. Residential (urban) 35 - 45 4, Urban (residential and business) 40 - 50 5. City 45 - 50 6. Industrial area 50 -60 The B1S has also brought out a number of standards on the measurement of noise. These are (i) 153028-1980, Measurement of Noise Emitted by Moving Road Vehicles. (ii) IS: 4758-1968, Method of Measurement of Noise Emitted by Machines. (iii) IS 9779-1981, Sound Level Meters. . (i\l) IS: 10399-1982, Method of Measurement of Noise Emitted by Stationary Road Vehicles. (v) IS :10423-1982, Personal Sound Exposure Meter, 6.2.7.2. Noise pollution is an irritant and affects human health and efficiency. This will therefore be required to be considered in urban areas and other residential areas falling within 100 in of the road. 6.2.7.3. With the available data, it is not possible to predict noise levels for a given set of road and traffic conditions, However, it may be judged subjectively that a road with lower traffic, lower volume/capacity ratio and smoother surfacing will develop lower noise levels than the one otherwise. Where higher noise levels are experienced or anticipated, it would be advisable to prov.ide screen plantations and other noise attenuating devices. 6.2.8. Highway aesthetics 6.2.8.1. An aesthetically designed, constructed and maintained highway is not only pleasing to the eye and enhancing the environmental quality hut also is sa fe in operation The activity involves several steps such as choice of location, selection of pleasing alignment which merges with the natural environment, grassing and planting the roadside, provision of wayside facilities to travelers, etc. The Indian Roads Congress have published detailed guidelines on these aspects, vide (i) IRC SP. 21-1979, Manual on Landscaping of Roads and (ii) Environmental Consideration sin Planning and Design of Highways in India (1979) with Discussions. These guidelines should invariably be consulted in the preparation of highway projects. 6.2.8.2. Borrowing earth from roadside borrow pits for enhancement construction has been a common practice in the country. Quite often the pits are dug in irregular shapes and left without any provision for drainage. This not only makes the roadside unpleasant but also causes water stagnation with concomitant adverse effect on the road and the environment. It is, therefore, necessary that the borrow pits should be dug In regular shape and in a manner to merge these with the natural ground and provided with drainage

arrangements. 6.2.9. Pollution during construction operations 6.2.9.1. During road construction operations, the, main sources of pollution are (i) Exhaust and flue gases from the road construction equipment; and (ii) Dust resulting from construction operations. 6.2.9.2. Most of the road construction equipment is governed by standards of BIS or foreign standards which provide for pollution control devices for the equipment. The contract-conditions should stipulate that the equipment to be used for the works should be provided with pollution control devices. Also before start of construction operations, the Engineer should ensure that the equipment brought to work site are of standard type with necessary pollution control devices. 6.2.9.3. Loading .. unloading and transport of materials like soil, sand, moor, etc., will cause dust nuisance, particularly when high velocity wind is prevailing. In such cases, it will be advisable to slightly wet the materials at the source itself before loading and to cover the loaded vehicles with tarpaulin or similar such material. When construction activities cause excessive dust and noise nuisance to adjoining residential/institutional areas, temporary screens may be erected. MEASURES TO PREVENT SOIL EROSION AND LAND DEGRADATION IN ROAD DEVELOPMENT IN HILLY AREAS 1. Project Conception and Planning 1.1. The length of new roads to be constructed should be bare minimum so that disturbance to the natural surroundings is least. A Master Plan of entire development of hill region should be prepared showing integrated road network of all kinds of roads to the extent possible and practicable covering the planning at macro and micro levels. It is necessary that the main road should touch the cluster of villages, and separate feeder roads, bridal paths, foot tracks, etc., may be provided as connections. The specification of such connections will depend upon the importance of the village. 1.2. All road construction activities should be coordinated through a single agency within the State or at Centre so that all care is exercised to have proper planning, implementation and funding of the projects. 1.3. All road projects should be planned, designed and executed in accordance with the standards and specifications lay down by the Indian Roads Congress.

2. Alignment Selection 2.1. While selecting new road alignments, attention must be paid to avoid areas prone to landslides, soil erosion and other damaging features. It should be made obligatory to associate geotechnical engineers, geologists, forest and soil conservation experts, economists and other specialist's right from the inception stage to ensure selection of most suitable alignment. 2.2. Road alignments should avoid large scale cuttings and fillings and follow the lie of the land as far as possible. Use of tunnels to avoid deep cuts should

be considered where feasible and economical. 2.3. To the extent feasible, roads should be aligned away from streams and torrents except where these are to be crossed. Since the greatest damage always occurs along water courses, special attention is necessary to create protection belts of forests on both sides. 2.4. Before finalizing the alignment, erosion potential of each alternative should be carefully examined, and the one involving least disturbance to the natural ground should be preferred. 3. Design 3.1. Where the road is in cutting, half cut and half fill type section which involves least disturbance to the natural ground should be adopted subject to considerations of economy and road stability being satisfied. 3.2. The cut slopes should be made stable for the type of strata in the initial construction stage itself by adoption of appropriate slopes with benches, etc., including the use of stabilizing structures like breast walls, pitching, etc. 4. Construction 4.1. Area for clearing and grubbing should be kept the minimum subject to the technical requirements of the road; The clearing area should he properly demarcated to save desirable trees and shrubs and to keep tree cutting to the minimum 4.2. Where erosion is likely to be a problem, clearing and grubbing operation should be so scheduled and performed that' grading operations and permanent erosion control feat arcs can follow immediately thereafter if the project conditions permit; otherwise temporary erosion control measures should be provided between successive construction stages. Under no circumstances. However, should very large surface area of erodible earth material be exposed at anyone time be clearing and grubbing. 4.3 The method of balanced cut and fill formation should be adopted to avoid large difference in cut and fill quantities. 4.4 The cut slopes should he suitably protected by breast walls, provision of flat stable slopes, construction of catch water and intercepting drains, treatment of slopes and unstable areas above and underneath the road, etc. This must be planed in' advance and specific prOVisions made in the project estimate, 4.5. Where rock blasting is involved, controlled blasting techniques should be adopted to avoid over-shattering of hill faces, 4.6. Excavated material should not be thrown haphazardly hut dumped duly dressed up in a suitable format suitable places where it cannot get easily washed away by rain, and such spoil deposits may be duly turned or provided with some vegetative cover, 5. Drainage 5.1. Drainage of the water from hill slopes and road surface is very important. Aii artificial drains must be iinked with the existing naturai drainage system for which separate detailed engineering survey may be carried out and planning

done. Before the road is opened to traffic, proper drainage system including suitable interceptor and catch water drains must he completed. This part of the project must be given all importance as most of the road damages are caused because of ne,eligence in providing proper drainage system and much will be saved in subsequent road maintenance, 5.2. The surface drains should have gentle slopes. Where falls in levels are to be negotiated, check dams with silting basins should be constructed and that soil is not eroded and carried away by high velocity flow? 5.3. Location and alignment of cUlverts should be so chosen as to avoid severe erosion at outlets and siltation at inlets. 5.4. The cross-drainage structures should discharge safely on the valley side, and in thus connection, alt necessary precautions/safeguards should be taken to ensure that the discharging waters do not cause erosion even when they flow for long periods. For this purpose, all necessary channel training and erosion control works like pitching/paving of the channel and outfall points, drop walls, flexible apron, etc .. should be considered and provided for as a part of initial design and construction. 5.5. Along with other road components, due attention should be paid to the maintenance of drainage and soil conservation works. Drains, catch pits etc., should be cleared of all dehris and repaired where necessary before the onset of the rainy season, Eroded areas should be promptly made up and provided with vegetative cover. 6. Grassing and Planting 6.1 Deforestation for road construction/works should he bare minimum and strict control must be exercised in consultation with the forest authorities. Equivalent amount of new trees must be planted as integral part of the project within the available land and if necessary, separate additional land may be acquired for this purpose. Suitable provisions may he made in the project estimate. 6.2. Depending on the availability of hand and other resources, afforestaion of roadside land should be carried out to a sufficient distance on cit her side of the road. The selection of plant species will depend on climate and soil conditions, but preference should be given to deep rooted trees and plants. For preparing the detailed scheme of afforestation, persons having knowledge of soil conservation or forestory should desirably he associated, 6.3. Vegetative cover should he established on all cut/fill slopes through any one of the techniques described in IRC 56-1974 "Recommended Practice for Treatment of Embankment Slopes for Erosion Control". The activity of establishing vegetation on barren slopes should be treated as part of the regular maintenance operations on all bill roads, 6.4. Strip forests suitable for the site conditions for a minimum distance of 30 in on either side of the road boundary should be provided, these shall be raised and maintained by 'forest authorities. No felling except of dead or dying trees should be permitted in this area,

7. Consultations 7.1. Local Geological Department should be consulted to avoid unstable strata while fixing road alignment. 7.2. It will be advisable, at least for important roads, to have consultation with the officers of the Forest Department at the stages of route alignment selection, surveys and investigations, etc., so as to ensure that the selected alignment has minimum potential for soil erosion and that the project designs and estimates provide for the necessary soil erosion control measures. The idea is that with such joint consultation pursuits practiced for some selected roads, the PWD Engineers would get conversant and should be able to take care of such requirements by themselves for other road projects in general. 7.3. For any seriously problematic areas where normal measures are not likely to be successful, specialist organizations like the CRRJ, GS1, etc., may be consulted for evolving suitable remedial measures. 8. Project Estimate 8. 1. The road construction project estimates should provide for not only the requisite scale of investigations but also the necessary measures against soil erosion so that these can be built into the project with adequate financial provision, 8.2. For treatment of unstable areas. Say 50 m above and 30 m below the road level, depending on the site conditions, cost of necessary corrective measures should be provided in the project estimates. This may even be in the 24 IRC 1 04-1988form of certain percentage of total cost hut based on assessment of treatment works possibly needed, 9. Training Training of road engineers in hilly areas should be intensive and practice oriented. On every major on-going project, training fasciitis should be created. The institutes having road research facilities may be associated for organizing class room and field training and solving specific problems, if any. The training should lay emphasis on preservation of ecology, forests, environment, etc., to avoid denundation of fertile soil of the hill slopes and check the causes leading to landslides, etc. For efficient handling of the project, only experienced persons with proven ability should be selected, 10 Check List To help the project preparing Engineer and the project approving authorities in determining whether all aspects, considerations and items of work with regard to soil conservation and erosion prevention have been duly taken into account, and to facilitate review at different stages, a check list is suggested, vide CHECK LIST OF POINTS ABOUT EROSION CONTROL IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF' ROADS IN HILLY AREAS 1. Does the road construction project estimate provide for the necessary measures against soil erosion? 2. Have soil maps and aerial photographs studies and investigations made to locate areas or sections with high erosion potential?

3. Has erosion potential been considered for each alignment? 4. Have geological maps been studied or local Geological Department consulted to avoid unstable strata 5 Does the selected alignment follow the lie of the land and avoid large scale Cutting? 6. Has use of tunnels to avoid deep cuts been investigated? 7. Has the road alignment susceptible to damage/erosion by streams and torrents? 8. Is consultation/coordination with other departments like Forest Department necessary? If so, have they been consulted? .9. How will adjacent and nearby streams, ponds and lakes be attracted by project construction? 10. Will special erosion control measures he required to protect adjacent properties? 11. Does the road cross-section involve a lot of disturbance to the natural ground? 12. Are the design cuts slopes stable for the type of strata 2 13. Are slope stabilizing structure like breast stalls, pitching, etc., required? 14, Does' the cut hill face require any special treatment to prevent ships? 15. Has the area fur clearing and grubbing been clearly demarcated? 16. Has a work schedule been worked out for the different construction operations? 17. What erosion control works are required before clearing and other work is started? 18. Are any temporary erosion control measures required between successive construction stages? 19. Have sediment traps, benches, catch water drains, side drains, sodding, ditch paving, slope protection works and other erosion control items been identified on the plans and provided in the contract? 20. Have the location and alignment of culverts been fixed with due consideration to erosion at outlets and siltation at inlets 2 II. Have the necessary erosion control measures been taken at the outfalls of culverts? 22. Has the proper disposal of surplus excavated material been thought of and provided for? 23. What action has been taken to establish vegetative cover on cut fill slopes and plantings on the disturbed roadside land? 24. Are the existing drainage facilities maintained in good order? 25. Have any inadequacies in planning, design and construction been identified and reported to higher authorities? 26. Do any of the design measures require modification in the light of field conditions? 27. Do any of the problems require consultation with specialist organizations like the CRRI, GSI, etc.?

Appendix 2:

Project Proposal

Of

HIVIAIDS Prevention Adiabun - shire Road Construction Project

Submitted To

Adiabun -Shire road construction project (91.8 km) Axum

[ Name of applicant sub contractor: Tigray Youth Association (TY A)

February 17/2008

1

Project Summary

Project Title: HIV/AIDS Prevention Adiabunshire Road Construction Proiect Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA Project Initiator

Nature of the Project Strengthen the awareness the community and seasonal and permanent workers through IEC/BCC campaign

Scope of the Project: Provision of HIVIAIDS Prevention

through IEC/BCC activities, dialogues

and services such as counseling and

condom available to the workers,

community members along the project

site

Duration of the pro.iect Four year

. Pro.iect commencin2 period March 2008

Sub contractor: Tigray Youth Association (TY A)

Address P.O.Box .545 Mekele, Tigray Regional State Tel. 251-344-440 32 44 /408623/41 09 6 E-mail: youthass(Ci2ethionet.et

Collaborating Agencies Tigray Bureau of Health and Tigray

HAPCO

2

1) Introduction

Tigray is one of the nine national regional states of Ethiopia located between 120 and

150 latitude in the country. It is located in the northern part of Ethiopia bordering Eritrea

in the north, Sudan in the west,Amhara in the South and south west and Afar in the east.

The administration has seven zones ,46 woredas, 688 kebelles and has an area of

53638 sq. km and currently its population is estimated to be about 4.3 millions of which

83% are rural mainly engaged in agriculture Economy 50 percent living under poverty

line out of which 52% of the total population are females.

The hBalth coverage in the region is 75% conventional health indicators such as infant

mortahty rate, 77/1000 child mortality rate 105/1000 maternal mortality rate 673/100,000

life expectancy at birth is 47.6 not much different from the national figures, which place

Ethiopia among the least privileged nations.

The major health problems in the region are communicable diseases and mal nutrition.

Among! the communicable diseases, malaria, tuberculosis, upper respiratory tract

infectic.n, diarrhea and STI and HIV/AIDS are the most dominant top health problems in

the region.

2) Statement of the problem

HIV was detected in Ethiopia in 1984 in stored sera. The first two AIDS cases were

reported to the federal Ministry of Health (MoH) in 1986.

HIV/AIDS surveillance activities began in 1989 and since then the HIV epidemic

appears to have steadily increased in Ethiopia.

There are many cultural factors that promote the spread of the disease. Known risk

factors include the presence of sexually transmitted infections (STls), multiple sexual

partners and harmful traditional practices such as female genital mutilation, vasectomy,

blood IE!tting, skin cutting, and piercing practices.

3

The cumulative number of people living with HIV/AIDS is about 977 394 (2.6%) female

and 1.7%male. 7.7% urban of which about 38988 are children under 15 years. The

national adult HIV prevalence according to point estimate prevalence is 2.1 %.

The estimated number of new HIV infections in the adult population 77,557 in 2007.

The numbers of people living with HIV who is ih need of anti retroviral treatment (ART)

are 258,000.

The behavioral surveillance survey (8SS) 2002 report shows that 17.4% Youth reported

having had risky sex with commercial or non-commercial partners in the previous 12

months.

Most Youth respondents (93.5%) felt not at risk or at low risk for HIV infection. Few

rural respondents were aware that an HIV infected pregnant women could transmit the

virus to her unborn child.

The HIV prevalence in the region is estimated at 2.7% which is higher than the national

average which is 2.1 %.

In Tigray a total of 69662 persons were estimated to be living with HIV/AIDS according

to the point estimate prevalence. It is also estimated that there were a total of 9966 new

infections in the year 2007 and annual AIDS death estimated to be 4,401.

A slowly rising incidence over the last years ,and continuing population growth lead to a

rise in the number of new infections, new AIDS cases and annual AIDS death in Tigray.

Adult Prevalence %

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Total 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1

Male 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5

Female 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.7

Urban 9.6 9.9 10.2 10.5 10.7 10.8 10.9

4

Tigray is located in the Northern part of Ethiopia with estimated population 4.3 million.

HIV/AIDS is affecting the most productive and reproductive age groups. AIDS is

becoming a threat in rural areas. Because of growing links between rural and urban

areas through trade, migration and improved transportation, which make HIV

prevalencerates, rise faster in rural areas ..

The government of Tigray has established an office to coordinate the prevention, care

and support and Treatment program to be implemented by different sectors. Prevention

programs have been implemented so far and brought about awareness rise in the

community. However, the awareness of HIV/AIDS created is not enough unless

intervi:mtions, which bring attitudinal and behavioral change, have not come into effect.

The n~gion HIV/AIDS prevention and control office in collaboration with the partners is

making an all out efforts to mitigate the impact and alleviate the problem. But these

efforts alone are not enough t 0 mitigate the impact and alleviate the problems of

HIV/AIDS in the region.

The state of epidemic in the region is believed to be generalized which means HIV/AIDS

has affected almost every section of the community. The prevalence could be higher in

the age group of people between 20-39. The HIV transmission is facilitated by

underlying factors such as poverty, prostitution migration, low education and harmful

traditional practices in our region almost 87% of the infection is caused because of

promiscuous heterosexual relation ship.

The project of road construction from Adiabun to Shire where the community living

along the roadside as well as the daily laborers can not be free from the impact of

HIV/AIDS and STI's. When the road is under construction there are mobility of people

daily laborers, technical workers that directly or indirectly affect each other. High influx

of commercial sex workers, students to the project site can be a witness from the

Adigrat-Adiabun road project. At the same time construction project movement of

5

construction of new and good roads facilitates increased movement between rural areas

and towns, which increase the risk of transmission of such diseases.

The road construction work force themselves are at risk since they move frequently and

are likely to engage in high-risk behavior. 8Tls may be transferred from areas to areas

as the road work force moves.

The Tigray Regional rural roads authority is a witness for it has lost many workers on

the sites of the project. This could be due to lack of awareness related to risk behaviors,

which makes people to be vulnerable for HIV/AID8. It is therefore with this justification

Adiabun-shire road site project has realized that the need for intervention for 8Tls and

HIV/AID8 prevention initiative in and around the site.

The road project has many workers deployed lots of contract and daily, seasonal

laborers. Majority of this group from the locality are youth and most of them are

members of the Youth Association of Tigray. Therefore with this justification

transmission of 8Tls and HIV/AID8 in the road project is arrested through community

mobilization and dialogue, IEC/BCC, condom promotion provision, using community

based organizations, kebelle committee, religious organization, and school Anti-AIDs

clubs etc.

Tigray Youth Association

It is a community-based association established before 16 years in 1984. The

association with 400,000 members has contributed to alleviate the socio economic and

cultural problems of the youth who are highly vulnerable to the problem. The

association is also a member of regional HIV/AID8 prvetnion and control board and has

played role to the multisectoral, and community based HIV/AID8 prevention, cares and

support programs in the region. The association has 86,000 girls' members in the

region and it has 159,460 members in the north western and central zones of Tigray out

of which 8519 youth live where the road construction project is underway.

6

It has an experience to work on HIV/AIDS prevention activities in collaboration with

regional HIV/AIDS prevention and control office pathfinder international, action Aid,

CRDA ,UNICEF, on awareness creation, community conversation, life skill training,

counseling (VCT) capacity building, condom distribution, and training. At present TVA is

manafling CREC- Adigrate-Adiabun- HIV/AIDS component. The project is underway

and by now on half way. The Adiabun -Adigrate project familiarize more the association

with t1e capability of community mobilization and improved the capacity of the

association in managing community based projects. The association has 72 staffs full

time workers elected and non-elected. TVA is committed to make difference in the

campaign against HIV/AIDS.

3) Objective the project

General Objective:

Mitigate the incidence, transmission and spread of HIV/AIDS/STls in Adiabun-Shire

road project through BCC, community dialogues and access to the information services.

Specific objective:

Create net working and linkage with health facilities competence environment to prevent

HIV/AIDS and STls.

To raL:;e awareness among all workers and the community along side the road

construction project on how to protect the transmission of HIV/AIDS and STD/STI.

Provide preventive methods such as condom promotion and adequate supply in the

project areas and care and supported the affected people

To make the community aware and bring behavior change through IEC BCC on

HIV/AIDS preventive methods

To provide the information and counseling services of alleviation measures on sexually

transmitted infections disease (STD), HIV/AIDS.

Target groups

This group includes all workers daily laborers, communities, schools, students, school

teachers and Commercial Sex Workers, along side the Adiabun-Axum- Selekeleka

7

Shire road corridor construction project. It is very clear that the epidemic is affecting

almost every section of the community with high mobility of work force to the area the

level of epidemic will increase and the program will target almost all members of the

community apart from the workers. The project passes through 21 tibias covers a

population of 254,290 and out of which 8,519 are TYA members.

The project covers the following tabis and population

ZONE WOERDA TABAIS POPULATION YOUTH , MEMBERS

i

. Central Rural Adiabun Adi abune 7890 290 i

" Alemeda I 5524 268

" Lakia 6733 364

Llmaichew Wuhidet 10737 339

Hastesbo 5151 309

Axum Axum 68784 1500

Llmaichew Medoge 10055 351

I " Dura 8546 220

T/maichew I Maiseye 6830 345

" " Kowanite 6315 387

" " Hadushi adi 4930 245

" " Wukeromarai 7800 400

" " Maiberazeyo 8900 420

" " Akbiseate 6754 435

North Medebayezana Embaatese 8443 540

Western

T/koraroro I Ketema selekelka 6051 310

" " i Adikcmalchc 7608 394

8

" " Bellese 8135 354

i " " Adegidade 9052 348

" " Maiadrshae 4726 125

-TOTAL

shire 45326

254290

, 575

8519 I

4) Strategies

• Distribute standard IEC/BCC materials about HIV/AIDS and STD and use mobile

lEG /BCC van for advocacy and mobilize the target group in collaboration with

health bureau and other stakeholders

• Establish and strengthen kebelle Aids committee in the community, and campus.

And clubs in school in the project site and give training on peer education,

• Train volunteer community immobilizers along the road corridor and

• Start Community Conversation enhancement sites along the corridor using

community mobilizres.

• Create forums at zone, woreda and kebelle to sensitize and reach consensus

with community and local leaders,

• Condom distribution in the health facilities, hotels, base camp, using condom

boxes,

• Organize forum with woreda and kebelle leaders frequently to make them aware

on the situation and establish WAC/KAC

• Establish STI and HIV/AIDS network with health institution for referral at major

towns,

• Community mobilization for prevention and voluntary counseling and testing and

outreach services in collaboration with woredas woerda health

• Recruit permanent staffs to plan ,implement monitor and evaluate the project,

• Collaboration with stakeholders at alileve/.

9

5) Activities and expected out puts of the project

Expected Out puts

• At the end of the project implementation he following outputs will be expected to

be achieved by the project.

• • 22500 workers and community members received information regarding HIV

AIDS

• 50 persons Participated continuously at each road corridor tibias dialogues

sessions facilitated by community mobilizres.

• 6300 community members and workers took VCT

• 2100 HH received House to house education on HIV/AIDS

• 42 community facilitators trained and give services to the community

• 21 school teacher and 71 in and out school club leaders trained on peer

educators.

• 50 health professional· trained from the facilities and support the project in

mainstreaming the issue to the school level

• 75 religious leaders received awareness about the project and mainstream in the

religious institutions and followers

• Task force established in the base camp and satellite camp and 50 members of

the task force received orientation about the project

• 200,000 condom distributed at the, project areas

• Five woreda and 21 Tabias Advisory committees(WAC/KAC) reestablished

along side the road towns

• One document as base line document of HIV/AIDS ISTls situation at the project

corridors produced

• 21 HIV/AIDS Anti- aids clubs organized in campus and community level. And five

drama clubs selected at five towns

• All residence of the sites will be mobized

10

• To achieve the above out put the following activity will be done through out the

project periods

1. Advocacy and Training

• Organize training for 42 facilitators at each 21 road corridor tibias ( two facilitators

each tibia) (male & female)

• Organize training for 42 school teacher and 21 club leaders on peer educators

• Organize 50 peer educator training for out school clubs members in the major

towns 15 from each town (Axum, Aduwa, Shire ,Selecleka And Wukero Maray)

• Give training for 50 health professional from the facilities in the towns along side

the project on HIV mainstreaming and integration with project

• Conduct Advocacy workshopltraining/ for 75 religious leaders ,42 community

leaders and ,15 from each woereda (5x 15) to teach their followers and

persuasions on road safety issues

• Organize training for the task force established in the base camp and satellite

camp for about 50 people for one days 10 from each woerdas

• 2. Service DeUvery

• Awareness creation to 21000 people and Develop and distribute IEC/BCC

materials ( at least 1000 people per tabias)

• Referrals for STD 300 staffs and community members

• Support to 28 PLWHA from the project corridor

• Participate 50 persons per tibias for continuously 24 sessions (50 x 21=1050)

• Celebrating world AIDS day every year at each woerda capital(2008 -2010)

• Erection of Bill Boards in the major towns and along the road

• Condom distribution and promotion along side the towns

• Community mobilization for 6300 VCT through the trained facilitators 300 to each

tabias

11

• Use mobile van once a year at each woerda for 1500 youth and workers for

advocacy activities at the road corridor targeting workers

• House to house education at least to 100 HH at each tabais totally to 2100 HH at

the road corridor.

• Counseling on HIV/AIDS and STD to the community at least 2500 people

3. Strengthen the capacity of individual's youth and stakeholders

• Organize woreda and Tabias Advisory committees(WAC/KAC) along side the

road towns and give two day training every year and facilitate project

management b and referral systems

• Conduct assessment of HIV/AIDS situation at the project corridors :

• Establish net working with NGO ,CBO ,FBO and associations

• Organize 21 HIV/AIDS Anti aids clubs at each campus and at each tabais:

• Organize drama clubs from strong anti - Aids clubs in the main towns of

shire ,Selekeleka ,Wukeromarai,Axum And Adiabun:

• Conduct Review meeting of project managers ,health staffs, consultant and

contractor on quarterly basis and check ,gauge the integration made :

• Monitoring and evaluation joint with ERA

• Final Evaluation

Composition of the team (personnel) and task's of each team member.

PositionName Task To be hired as per the scale Coordinator of HIV IAIDS Coordinate the project, of the organization program creating linkage facilitates

training and forums provide monthly quarterly report. to the client

To be hired as per the Nurse Provide counseling referral

Irequirement services training to selected communicators working in and around the project site.

ITo be hired as per the Animator Community mobilization . requirement of the animate

II orKanization !

Community mobilize I Volunteers To be selected from youth

12

13

Work plan (schedule)

Activities Quarters

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

l. Adyocacy and Training X Organize training of for 42 facilitators at each 21 road corridor tibias ( two facilitators each tibia)

Organize training for 21 school teacher and 21 club leaders on X peer educators

Organize 50 peer educator training for out school clubs members X in the major towns 15 from each town ( Axum, Aduwa, Shire

I,Selecleka And Wukero Maray)

I

Give training for 50 health professional from the facilities in the X Itowns along side the project I

Advocacy workshop for 75 religious leaders trained ,15 from X each woereda (5x 15) to teach their followers

I Organize training for the task force established in the base camp X iand satellite camp for about 50 people for one days 10 from each woerdas ,

2. Service Delivery x Awareness creation to 21000 people and Develop and distribute xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx lEC/BeC materials

Referrals for STD 300 staffs and community members X X X X X X X XIContinuous dialogues at each tabais ____ X X X X X X X X _ .... _ .... _ .... _. --_ ..... - 1 ....... .... ___ - - _ .... - ~-

1_ __

14

Celebrating world AIDS day three times at each woerda X X capital(2008 -20 10)

Erection of Bill Boards in the major towns and along the road X :x --~--"-,

Condom distribution and pWllluliull aiong :sidle': the towns X X X X X X X X X

Community mobilization for 6300 VCT through the trained XX XX facilitators 300 to each tabis

Use mobile van once a year at each woerda for 1500 youth and X X workers for advocacy activities

House to house education at least to 100 HH at each tabais totally XX XXX XX XXX XX XXX XX XX Ito 2100 HH

xxx xx XXX

• Support to 28 PLWHA from the project corridor XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX

Counseling services to Staffs and workers 3. Strengthen the capacity of individual's youth and stakeholders

Organize woreda and Tabias Advisory committees(W ACIKAC) X along side the road towns and give two day training every year

EatbIished Networking

Conduct assessment ofillV/AIDS situation at the project X corridors

Organ ize 21 HIV / AIDS Anti aids clubs at each campus and at X X each tabais.

Organize drama clubs from strong anti - Aids clubs in the main X X towns of shire ,Selekeleka ,Wukeromarai,Axum And Adiabun

- .... _ ... __._._ .... _ .. _ .. _ .... _ .. __ ....... - - , -

15

Conduct Review meeting of project managers ,health staffs, consultant and contractor on quarterly basis

X X

!

Monitoring and evaluation joint with ERA XX XXX XX XXX XX XXX XX XX !

.

Final Evaluation

-_... - .

!

16

6) Project Management

The project will be managed through a project management team at project level, whic h

consists of the Project coordinator, Nurse, animators and community mobilizers. The project

management team will be responsible for the smooth implementation of the project. SQcial

department is the main responsible department to coordinate the overall activity .The project

management committee of the region meets regularly on a monthly basis and assesses the

project implementation progress, identifies problem areas, seeks solutions and provides

guidancB to field level implementers.

WAC ( \Noreda Advisory Committee) wi" be set up in each of the Five woredas to facilitate

program implementation. The Woreda Advisory Committee consisting of 10 members is

responsible for the overall guidance of the project implementation and mainstreaming. The zone

TVA coordinator is a member and is secretary of the WAC and act as liaising officer to the

project with the WAC.

The Project coordinator (Ato wodelgebeael Nigusse) will be responsible for the overall

superviSion of staff and activities of the project and for finding solutions to problems and issues

encountE~red in the project. He is the contact person for the project and submits programmatic

and financial reports to Contractor. The nurse and animators will be responsible for the day-to

day management and implementation of the project. The Nurse will compile statistics from the

reports of the youth peer educators and CCE Facilitators reviews the statistics against the

planned objectives of the project and guides the project implementation accordingly. The

project

oordinator finally submits monthly programmatic and financial reports to the Regional TYA and

then to contractor.

Financial management will be handling in accordance with the terms of the contractual

agreement with contractor. The project Finance Officer will ensure adherence to the set rules of

accounts and reviews expenditure regularly with the Project coordinator. Financial reports will

be submit using the standard forms provided by the CONTRACTOR.TYA would ensure that

commodities and supplies obtained would be transported, stored and used with strict adherence

to the standard commodity management procedures of ERA.

17

Monitoring By Grantee

Monitoring and evaluation are an integral part of a project management that helps to know

whether the project implementation process is on the right truck. Monitoring activities includes

measuring the physical performances, budget utilization, quality and quantity of the work done,

correlation of the work done with the set plans and in time perspectives during the

implementation process. In order to take necessary corrections and implement the planned

interventions in a smooth process or progress monitoring will be conduct while the project

implementation is going on. Base line assessment will be made at the beginning.

TYA together with ERA will conduct regular monitoring and supervision. TYA's Management

Team will review project implementation against the work plan through regular meetings. TYA

will use various forms of communication, onsite visits and monthly progress report to monitor

project progress.

Evaluation

In addition to the on going internal monitoring, final project implementation evaluation has to be

conduct by ERA at the end of the proejct. Evaluation will focus on project inputs and outputs

against the targets/objectives within the defined period of the project. The evaluation will identify

the weakness, strengthen of the project, and provide possible solutions for the future.

Indicators: For the project site-Adiabun-Shire road construction.

Number of people sensitized and have brought about change in behavior

Number of IEC materials distributed

Number of Dialogues participants

People who took VCT

Number of condom distributed

Anti-Aids clubs strengthened and become functional

Number of teachers trained in HIV/AIDS preventive and life skill training

Organized Anti-Aids kebelle committee who become functional

Clubs that organized and giving outreach activities

Daily laborers who have tested for HIV and STls and have taken their results

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People who participated in World AIDS Days campaign

Number of Anti-Aids committee established in the camp sites.

Reporting Plan

The project coordinator will submit monthly and lor final programmatic financial report during

the projHct period as required by the standard terms and formats of ERA and contractor. Based

on the progress monitoring results, the Project coordinator will prepare the monthly report to be

submitted to contractor on time.

Financial TYA will be responsible for the management of funds made available through this grant and will

submit monthly reports to ERA and consultant -supplied forms; attachments will include project

bank account statements, reconciliation, and a list of allowance paid to project staff. The project

fiance will prepare monthly financial report; the Project coordinator will review and submit it to

contractor and consultants for approval. TYA is required to Audit report as required by ERA

Programmatic

A complied report that will address achievements and problems encountered and solutions

sought every month of the year complied and prepared by the Project Coordinator will be

submittE~d to contractor. The report will be submitted to the contractor office at Axum office

according to the following time frame Report will be submitted every month On 21st of the moth.

Timely reports are prerequisites for smooth operations and continued funding support. Future

disbursE~ment of funds to the grantee is pending on compliance with this deadline.

7) Organization's References

Relevant services carried - out in the last three years that best illustrate qualifications

Using the format below, provide information on each reference assignment for which your

firm/entity, either individually as a corporate entity or as one of the major companied with in an

association, was legally contracted.

19

20

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2

Anne:l >LogicaI frame work of the project

I Log!~ _ M bIe indO rMeanofverificatfo~ Assumption -:~ 1. IOverall objective i -Ne:v infectio.n reduced by --I En~ line survey of the 1- Peace & stability remain I _ Mitigate incidence, ofHTV/ATDS/STT 20%m the project areas IpruJt:ct Iconstant

at the road corridor I -Use of condom increased by .

Sl!ecific objectives - Improve awareness of workers staffs community members - Bring behavioral change on HIV/AIDS - Avail counseling and VCT services - Strength the project Vs stake holders relation at the project corridor

40% by the end of the project period

- Knowledge about HIV IAIDS improved by 15% from the base line - VCT be customized at the road corridor - Net working and referral linkages strengthened - Woreda Advisory committee capacitated to manage HIV/AIDS. STD related interventions - Stigma & Discrimination reduced - Awareness on way of prevention of HIVIAIDS improved -Misconception on nature of HIVIAIDS eliminated at each woreda

End line service

Health survey

project reports

Monitoring reports

- Boarder conflict not irrupted

- Project workers will be available by consultants for awareness, sensitization

- The consultant will be willing to participate at the implementation - The WAC capacitated

- The consultant implement the activity based on the contractual agreement made with sub-contractor

- Forty facilitators trained -Kebele Administration, - Training Outl!uts Advocacy and training - Forty two teachers & 21 club participation Health extraction workers I~.l _ .... _- .... -- .... - .... _- - -- .....- -- .... - .... __ .... - .

21

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trained on skills of peer education & counseling - Fifty out school youth trained on skills of peer education & counseling - Fifty health professional trained on mainstreaming integration methodologies - Seventy five religions leaders, 42 community leaders trained on HIV/AIDS prevention & project implementation sustainability Issues - Task force at base camp established and 50 members capacitated with skills of HIVIAIDS management - Ever year anti AIDS day celebrated

3.2 Service availed and delivered - Twenty one thousand (21,000) people get messages on HIV IAIDS - STD - Two thousand five hundred people counseled - Three hundred staffs referred to health institution for STD - One thousand fifty community members and workers participate at the dialogues on HIV IAIDS -Ten bill boards erected at main woreda towns

22

attendance - Training reports -Photos of counseling

- Attendance sheets Photos - Project versus community leader meeting - task force establishment, verbal, photos

- Celebration photos

-Meeting photos

Reports

Monitoring report Dialogues record books - Tape recorded·

collaborate to implement effectively as expected - WAC plan, implement and evaluate activities according to the project agreement - Leadership of the consultant collaborate effectively - Base camp administration collaborate as expected

- Mobile van car found from NGO's working in the area

- Posters available from HAPCO as needed

- Condom price & availability at market is certain

- Mobile VCT service will be rendered by health bureau

Two hundred thousand documents PLWHAare A .... ,,.,,...."" distributed at each - Videos identified from

- Rpfp""'ll ~ +;11 ,~,--1 kers&

i cummunity members referred I -I GA support voluntarily forVCT agreement forms - One thousand five hundred workers sensitized on HIV/AIDS and STD Home to home visits - twenty eight PL WH got forms support for IGA - Hundred households at each Kebele get counseling at households level 1--.

3.3 - Strengthened capacity pf stakeholders and - Five woreda advisory -WAC establishment - Collaboration with youth committee established at each verbal government, NGOs

woreda - Assessment community in place - One base line assessment documents - The project implement document produced - Club establishment' according to contractual - One net working established internal guideline agreements

- Twenty one - Club photos HIVIAIDS club established - Meeting photos - Five drama club established - Reports at main town of road corridor areas - Six thousand three hundred people mobilized at the project area - conduct quarterly review - Review meeting meeting attendance sheets - Every month monitoring visit - Monitoring reports conducted from TY A head - Evaluation office documents

23

- ERA conducted joint monitoring visit with TY A - Finally evaluation conducted bY1he project

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4 Activities

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4.1 - Facilitates training Reguired io(!uts - The budget released on time - The project run according to the contractual agreement - Price inflation remain constant

- Peer education peer education training to in school and out school youth - Health professional training - Religious leaders, community leaders training - Task force establishment & training -Anti AIDS day celebration every year December 22

- Trainers - Training manuals - Task force guidelines manual - Stationeries

4.2 - Message transformation /sensitization - Counseling - Referrals STD - Referrals V CT -Dialogues - Bill board and IEC materials distribution - IGA support to PLWH - Counseling at home visit

- Otlice facilities - Referral forms - Bill board procurements -lEC/BCC V AN support

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4.3 - WAC establishment - Base line data collection - Net working - Clubs establishments - Review meeting - Monitoring & evaluation

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Documents

Adigrat-Adwa-ShireRoad Upgrading Project, Contract No.1: Shire … · 2016. 7. 16. · properly indicated in the BOR which will be matched in the tender document. ... be piped to