Arab Climate Resilience Initiative

Third regional consultation meeting

Climate Change Impacts in the Arab Region: Toward Sustainable Energy – Resources,

Challenges, and Opportunities

Adel AbdellatifChief, Regional Programme Division

Regional Bureau for Arab States

Manama, 06-07 October 2010

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Climate Change: a concern and an opportunity Climate Change is a concern in the Arab countries

Arab Ministerial Declaration on Climate Change (2007) called for policy action ranging from integration of policies to deal with climate change in all sectors, adoption of national and regional climate change action plans, and carrying out studies to better understand the threat and options to deal with it.

Declaration of Arab Summit, Libya, March 2010“We emphasize the need to adopt effective policies in dealing with the issues of

climate change and preservation of the environment in all national and regional fields of sustainable development, and to adopt a unified stance at the negotiations over climate change in order to secure the rights of our peoples to safeguard our national resources...We stress the importance of cooperation and coordination in all fields of development, especially in the fields of Arab road links, electricity links, use of sustainable energy, green-belt projects..…”

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Climate Change is also an opportunity for Arab countries

Energy efficiency to expand access;Alternative and renewable energy;Diversified economic growth;Job creation;Opportunity to improve policy coordination.

Climate Change: a concern and an opportunity

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The Arab Climate Resilience Initiative

Objectives:

Build knowledge and foster policy

dialogue;

Mobilize experts and policy leaders

to build momentum;

Support strategic interventions to

promote climate resilient development

in the Arab countries.

Principles:

Consultative and demand-driven;

In line with priorities as defined by

Arab countries ;

Promote regional cooperation;

Identify not only challenges, but

also opportunities.

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The Regional Forum on CC in the Arab countries

Objectives:

Discuss and endorse the regional initiative

Mobilize high level partners

Dates: 3-5 November, 2010

Venue: Rabat, Morocco

Participants:

Governments : Ministers, Parliaments, Decision makers

Corporation Agencies and Donors

Research and Academic institutions

Private sector NGOs Youth Media

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Content of Presentation

Part I: Energy and Development Part II: Energy in the Arab Countries – A Global

Responsibility Part III: Sustainable Energy: Challenges in the

Region Part IV: Global Renewable Energy Part V: Key Questions

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PART I: ENERGY AND DEVELOPMENT

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Part I: Energy and Development• Energy has been at the heart of critical economic, environmental and development

issues facing the world today–in developed and developing countries.

Sources: World Bank, World Development Indicators (Energy Use)      UNDP, Human Development Report Office (HDI)

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Energy consumption and wealth…the world at night

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On as the world population increases, and prosperity increases, demand for energy will continue to grow.

Source: UN DESA. World Population Prospects, 2010.

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PART II: ENERGY AND THE ARAB COUNTRIES: A GLOBAL RESPONSIBILITY

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Part II: Energy in the Arab Countries: A Global Responsibility

Source: Calculated from BP Statistical Review of World Energy, 2010.

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Part II: Energy in the Arab Countries: A Global Responsibility

Source: Calculated from BP Statistical Review of World Energy, 2010.

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Part II: Energy in the Arab Countries: A Substantial Source of Revenue

Source: IMF Country Reports, 2010.

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Part II: Energy in the Arab Countries: Contributing to Human Development

Sources: World Bank, World Development Indicators (Energy Production).       UNDP, Human Development Report Office (HDI).

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Part II: Energy in the Arab Countries: Volatility and Jobless Growth

Source: UNDP AHDR, 2009.

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PART III: SUSTAINABLE ENERGY – CHALLENGES IN THE REGION

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Part III: Energy Sustainability: Challenges in the region

A: Population increase and economic growth = growing demand

1970 2010 20500

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

128

359

598

Total population, Arab Region (mil-lions)

Source: UN DESA. World Population Prospects, 2009.

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A: Population increase and economic growth = growing demand

Part III: Energy Sustainability: Challenges in the region

Source: Tapping a Hidden Resource, Energy Efficiency in the Middle East and North Africa, World Bank 2009.

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B: Energy Use is Highly Inefficient in the Arab Countries

Part III: Energy Sustainability: Challenges in the region

Source: Tapping a Hidden Resource, Energy Efficiency in the Middle East and North Africa, World Bank 2009.

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B: Energy Use is Highly Inefficient in the Arab CountriesTable: Arab Region is highly inefficient, Energy Intensity in the Arab Region versus the World Average, 2007

Country/RegionGDP, PPP (billions of current

international US $)Energy use (kt of oil

equivalent)Energy intensity: Energy use per unit of GDP (kg of oil equivalent per PPP

US $)Algeria 263.06 36863 0.140Bahrain 24.98 8774 0.351Comoros 0.73 .. …Djibouti 1.74 .. …Egypt 404.87 67246 0.166Iraq 94.45 33086 0.350Jordan 29.39 7201 0.245Kuwait 128.79 25200 0.196Lebanon 44.65 3993 0.089Libya 96.40 17823 0.185Mauritania 6.03 .. …Morocco 127.16 14361 0.113Oman 61.19 15479 0.253Qatar 65.25 22187 0.340Saudi Arabia 548.30 150326 0.274Sudan 80.67 14675 0.182Syria 87.94 19639 0.223Tunisia 77.12 8837 0.115United Arab Emirates 245.37 51636 0.210Yemen 52.22 7212 0.138Arab Region 2440.30 504538 0.207World 67672.05 11664890 0.172Source: UNDP-AHDR calculations based on data from World Bank, 2010

Part III: Energy Sustainability: Challenges in the region

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B: Energy Use is Highly Inefficient in the Arab Countries

Source: UNDP-AHDR calculations based on World Bank , 2010.

Part III: Energy Sustainability: Challenges in the region

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Source: Arab Knowledge Report, 2009.

C: No strong tradition of investing in Research and Development

Part III: Energy Sustainability: Challenges in the region

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D: Water Scarcity puts pressure on energy

Plant number

Capacity of desalination

plants (million cubic meters/day)

Production of desalination plants

per day(million cubic meters/day)

Saudi Arabia 23 3.5 2.91

Kuwait 6 1.44 1.31

Bahrain 3 0.38 0.34

Qatar 2 0.49 0.43

UAE 8 2.61 2.23

Oman 2 0.28 0.19

Part III: Energy Sustainability: Challenges in the region

Source: UNDP, Human Development Report Office. Source: Al Rukaibi, Duaij (2010). Water resources in the GCC. University of Texas at Austin.  

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E: Rising temperatures put pressure on energy

POWER OUTAGES:

• IRAQ• EGYPT• LEBANON• SAUDI ARABIA• QATAR

Part III: Energy Sustainability: Challenges in the region

Source: Dr. Jeff Masters, Weather Underground. July 30, 2010.

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PART IV: GLOBAL RENEWABLE ENERGY

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Source: BP statistical review of world energy, 2010.

Part IV: Global Renewable Energy

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Source: BP statistical review of World Energy, 2010.

Part IV: Global Renewable Energy

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PART V: KEY QUESTIONS

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Part V: Key Questions

What are the overall challenges and opportunities associated with the relationship between energy and climate change? (Opening)

What are the features of the global and regional context that enable and or present challenges to sustainable energy? (Panel 1)

What can we learn from the innovative renewable energy initiatives underway in the Arab countries, how can these be scaled-up, and what role can they play in regional cooperation? (Panel 2)

What economic and financial opportunities can be seized in the embrace of sustainable energy? (Panel 3)

What steps can be taken to promote a rapid advance of knowledge and technology transfer for sustainable energy in the Arab countries? (Panel 4)

What are the priorities for cooperative action, and how can we move forward together to enhance sustainable energy throughout the region? (Panel 5)

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THANK YOU FOR YOUR PARTICIPATION

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“The decisions we take today on how we produce, consume and distribute energy will profoundly influence our ability to eradicate poverty and respond effectively to climate change.” UN SG