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8/14/2019 ADC Case Study
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Submitted by:
Arah Camille Almelor
Rona YsaisIV- ISP
Submitted to:
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Case Study: Angelo Dela
Cruz
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Ms. Jean FrancoI. Introduction
A study of foreign policy is about the conduct and practice of relations between
different actors, primarily states in the international system. Diplomacy, intelligence,
trade negotiations and cultural exchanges all form part of the substance of Foreign policy.
(Alden, 2006) Foreign policies necessarily concerned with the boundaries between the
external relations of a nation and the internal or its domestic situation. There are three
levels in foreign policy analysis, the international level, national (state) level, and the
individual level.
According to General Carlos P. Romulo, foreign policy is the pursuit of certain
objectives for the enhancement of national interest and also the reflection of hopes, plans
and aspirations of a given people in a given time. He stated that foreign policies should
be viewed as a dynamic process that is always subject to change in emphasis as the
national interest may require. Foreign policy lies in the hands of the President and of the
Department of Foreign Affairs.
In the Philippine setting, each President who have served the republic have left
their own legacies of foreign policy. Some of them mostly dealt with bilateral and
multilateral relations with other strong and powerful nations, while some emphasized the
interests and needs of the country. Also, they have emphasized the strong and committed
relation of the Philippines with the United States, starting from the first president of the
third republic which was President Manuel Roxas up to the present time.
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Those foreign policies that we have since Roxas time somehow helped the
Philippines to build a strong relations with its neighbors and allies. But in a local sense, it
does not help or solve the problem of the majority, and it does not answer what the
masses needs. In our present time, we may have gone a long way in changing our foreign
policies, but the fact still remains that the nation needs to be re-ordered and that foreign
policies must serve the interest of the whole country.
Philippines is facing realities of attaining economic growth, enhancing its national
security and protection of the rights and promotion of the welfare and interests of the
Filipino overseas. Foreign policies today strengthen the needs of the majority including
the Overseas Filipino Workers (OFW) and also emphasizing the nations strong relations
with other countries who serve as dominant nations in terms of its economic and military
might.
According to Ms. Charmaine Ramos, an international economics professor,
Globalization has forced the Philippine economy to remain export-oriented and import-
dependent. The Philippines is producing more for the international market than for its
domestic needs. Majority of its population are poor people who do not have their own
land to live and till, they only resort to work for multi-national firms and local landlords.
Finding work overseas is often much entertained rather than finding work in ones
homeland. The quality of education attained is one of the most important factors a person
must obtain in order for him to be hired. Unfortunately, not all people in the Philippines
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are literate or have finished their education, while others do not obtain education at all.
That is one of the reasons why Philippines is known as one of the largest labor exporters
in the world. These OFWs take the risk of working and living abroad to earn money to be
able to sustain their familys needs at home. Philippines is producing 8 millions of OFWs,
mostly in the Middle East. It resonate the Philippine foreign policy that is why the
government will continue to provide progressive consular and legal assistance to
Filipinos abroad. And will also promote the welfare of these OFW by aggressively
forging new bilateral agreements with the host countries.
II. Brief background of Angelo Dela Cruz
Angelo dela Cruz, 46 years old, a father of
eight children who grew up in a poor family in
Buenavista, Pampanga, Philippines. In 1996, he
sought work overseas in order to send his children
to school and provide for the basic needs of his
family. He worked as a truck driver and was based in Saudi Arabia. After years of work
abroad, his family in the Philippines still lives under very simple conditions. (Tulloch,
2004)
Like many other Filipinos, Angelo took the risk of working abroad just to earn
money that he could send to his family back in the Philippines. Despite of the danger of
living in a foreign country, where there is no assurance of ones protection and security
from any harmful and unexpected situation.
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III. The Main Issue
On July 08, 2004, the Philippine government was alarmed with the news they
received from the Middle East. In a news clipping entitled, Dont Go to Iraq, Hostage
Tells to Fellow OFWs, stressed that an OFW named Angelo De la Cruz, was captured
while he was driving his fuel truck from Saudi Arabia to Iraq. It was believed that Dela
Cruz was snatched Wednesday, July 4, 2004. Four days later, in a film clip shown on
Arab television channel, Al-Jazeera. A hooded group of armed men, who called
themselves Khaled ibn al-Walid, warned they would behead Dela Cruz unless all Filipino
troops leave Iraq within 72 hours.
In the article released by the CNN entitled,
Filipino Freed when Troops Leave, the Iraqi
captors send out a video tape saying that they
would treat Angelo de la Cruz like prisoner of
war and that they would release him, only if the
Philippine Government will comply to what they
will demand. The claim of the Iraqi captors against the Philippine government is for
President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo to withdraw its 51 Soldiers and police officers from
Iraq. At first President Arroyo is firmed in saying that the troops would stay until their
mission would have been completed. She caved in, however, and ordered the withdrawal
after the rebels announced a few days later on the same channel that they were now
bringing the hostage to the execution site.
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Upon the arrival of De La Cruz in the
Philippines, relatives and friends welcomed him with
tears of joy while shouting his name. Wealthy
Filipinos have taken pity on his family. Angelos
appreciation and gratitude to President Arroyo,
saying "Thank you, thank you for the president that I am here now," dela Cruz said. "I ...
want to thank the people who supported me and to everyone else, I thank them will all my
heart." The government granted his children full scholarships from grade school to
college and assured them of jobs after graduation. Also, a real estate company donated a
house to be built in the following days.
IV. Role of Different Actors
The Philippines is among the first countries to sign up in the so-called Coalition
of the Willing, an alliance by the US and Great Britain in preparation for the invasion of
Iraq. Also, the Philippines is one of the supporters of the War on terror by the US
government. With that said, the statements and decision of President Arroyo confused
other nations especially the US, which led to criticisms and condemnation from the super
powers.
a. Role of the Philippine Government
The decision of President Arroyo to negotiate with Iraqi captors or giving in to
terrorist demands should not be an option, as it is against the international norm,
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according to the United States. Philippines tried to balance its effort in saving the life of
Angelo de la Cruz with its foreign policies. The protest on the streets of Manila by other
OFWs and people concerned has put pressure on the government to take immediate
action, even as it weakened ties with its allies. The confusion may have been deliberate as
President Arroyo seeks to maintain her support to the US led war on terrorism while
avoiding a possible domestic backlash if Angelo dela Cruz is beheaded.
"The Philippine government, consistent with its commitment, will withdraw its
Philippine humanitarian contingent forces in Iraq as soon as preparations for their
return to the Philippines are completed," Foreign Affairs Undersecretary Rafael Seguis
told a Filipino reporter in Baghdad.
The withdrawal of troops by the Philippines has drawn strong criticism from Iraqi
and US officials with a fear that it will encourage terror groups to take more foreign
civilians hostages. The White House said that the Philippines sent the wrong signal to
terrorists. You cannot negotiate with terrorists, spokesman Scott McClellan said,
confirming that we understand that they have made the decision to withdraw their 51
troops ahead of schedule.
Several previous hostages of the captives from Japan and Korea did not push their
nation to withdraw their troops. The Philippines became the fifth country to withdraw
from the US-led coalition, after Spain, the Dominican Republic, Nicaragua and
Honduras, according to Reuters. The Filipino nation felt a personal connection to Dela
Cruz, Angelo has become a Filipino `everyman, a symbol of the hardworking Filipino
seeking hope and opportunity, President Arroyo said in her national address.
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President Arroyo said that the millions of Filipino contract workers around the
world influenced her decision. My government has a deep national interest in their well
being wherever they live and work, Arroyo also said. "It was a time of trial and a time
of triumph,I made a decision to bring our troops home a few days early in order to spare
the life of Angelo. I do not regret that decision.
Despite of some criticisms and condemnation from the international community,
President Arroyo did not regret her decision. She noted that of the nine million Filipinos
abroad, 1.5 million were overseas workers in the Middle East, 4000 of them in Iraq, and
that she had the responsibility to ensure their safety.
After the De La Cruz incident, Arroyos administration immediately imposed a
travel ban to Iraq to prevent the crisis from happening again, as well as to protect the
aspirant OFWs from harm and danger in the said country.
b. Role of the International Community
The International Community came up with different reactions on what decision
President Arroyo may ended with. Some nation states which see things the same way as
the Philippine government and to those who also gives importance to their national
interest rather than the interest of their allies. To quote, Yayoi Tsuchida of Japan Council
against Atomic and Hydrogen Bombs, supported President Arroyo. He said that,
We support millions of Filipino people in their demand for the withdrawal of the
Filipino forces from Iraq. We, of course, stand against abduction of civilians or terrorism
against them. But nothing justifies the ongoing occupation and operation of the foreign
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forces in Iraq. It is entirely wrong to sacrifice a life of an innocent citizen in order to
maintain the unjust occupation.
It is now fully proved that the attack on Iraq by the US and its allies was conducted on
the false ground. The sovereignty of Iraq should be returned to the people of Iraq with
any further delay. The occupation of Iraq by the foreign forces, which the Iraqi citizens in
consensus abhor, should be ended out of hand, and the reconstruction of Iraq must be
conducted under the UN control.
We call on the Filipino government to give top priority to the life of the hostage, and
make a decision to withdraw its forces from Iraq, standing for the cause that peace be
restored and that the sovereignty be given back to the Iraqi people.
Medea Benjamin of Global Exchange, Code Pink: Women for Peace, a member
of the US largest anti-war coalition United for Peace and Justice, also supported the
Philippines decision, she said,
We here in the United States bear responsibility for the fact that Angelo dela Cruz's life
is hanging in the balance. Our government should have never dragged our troops and
the "coalition of the coerced" into this war, and we should not be sending thousands of
our unemployed to do the rebuilding that the Iraqis themselves are totally capable of
doing. We stand in sympathy with Angelo de la Cruz and his family, and we stand in
solidarity with the many thousands of Filipinos who tried to stop your government
from collaborating with this illegal invasion and are now trying to force your government
to end this collaboration. We are now at a time in history where the majority of Iraqis,
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Americans, Filipinos and world public opinion are calling for an end to the occupation
and understand full well that Iraq will never be sovereign until it is no longer occupied
by both foreign troops and foreign companies profiteering from the spoils of war. We call
on the government of the Philippines to sever its ties with this occupation and in the
process, to spare the life of Angelo de la Cruz. We call on our government here in the
United States to bring our troops home and let Iraqis get on with the job of rebuilding
their beleaguered nation.
On the other side of the story, the decision of the Philippine government drew
condemnation from the leaders around the world. Being one of the Washingtons biggest
supporter in the war on terror, other nations including the United States protesting the
action, telling that giving in to terrorist demands should not be an option. According to
Maria Ressa, a CNN correspondent, The Bush administration expressed concern and
confusion regarding the decision by the Philippine government.
Philippines rely on US financial aid to support its economy and fight its domestic
wars. The fact that Philippines and the US have a strong relations and commitment, this
crisis is one of the lowest points that could either strengthen or rupture their relationship.
The withdrawal of troops by the Philippine government weakened the US-led
coalition in Iraq, following Spains pullout after the deadly terror attacks on Madrids
train system. However, Australian Foreign Minister Alexander Downer told Philippine
Ambassador Cristina Ortega that "countries cannot give into the demands of terrorists
because we would all pay the price."
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With the firm decision of the Philippine government in pulling out its troops from
Iraq, two of Washington's closest allies in Asia, South Korean and Japan, had to deal with
their own hostage situations. Both nation did not give in to opposition, they refused to
withdraw their troops from Iraq. Korea suffered from the beheading of an interpreter by
Islamic militants in Iraq after they rejected the demands to cancel the deployment and
pullout 600 military engineers and medics.
V. Summary
Philippines is a sovereign nation which strongly promotes the welfare of its
people. With its unstable economy and growing population, many people are working
overseas to improve the lives of their families. Philippines is one of the top exporters of
laborers around the world. With more than 8 million OFWs working and living abroad,
mostly in the Middle East, these people take the risk of working in a place where safety is
unsound. The reason why they resort in working abroad rather than working in ones
homeland is that there are less opportunities available in the country. There is a growing
population of unemployed people, and that they only think of working abroad as their last
surviving option.
Angelo De La Cruz took the risk of living and working abroad to be able to
sustain his familys needs. He went to Saudi Arabia in 1996 to work as a truck driver in a
private company in Saudi. Angelo was abducted on July 8, 2004 by the rebel group
known as Khaled ibn al-Walid, demanding for an immediate withdrawal of troops by the
Philippine government, or they will pursue the beheading to Angelo. With two weeks of
negotiation by the Philippine government to the terrorist, the decision was finally made as
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the Philippines will withdraw all its troops ahead of the scheduled time. July 20, 2004,
Angelo was released and sent to the Philippine Embassy for the preparation of his arrival
in the Philippines.
Despite of some drawn criticisms to Arroyos decision in pulling out its troops
from Iraq, President Arroyo stood firm and has no regrets. Though the move was
dangerous instance that may put other allies in danger. President Arroyo did not regret her
decision. She said that it is her duty to fulfill and serve the Filipino nation, though some
criticized her decision, especially the international community. President Arroyo
sacrificed its relation to the US for the freedom of Angelo De La Cruz. Angelo became
the symbol to other OFWs, he has become a Filipino Everyman, a symbol of thehardworking Filipino seeking hope and opportunity abroad. While others praised
President Arroyo for her virtuous decision in an effort to save the life of the innocent
OFW.
Ignacio Bunye, presidential spokesperson said that, "Our long-standing and
maturing relationship with the United States will survive this hostage crisis. Against all
the things that was said by the US and other allies, the Philippines will remain committed
and will continue its support in the global effort to combat terrorism and all its forms.
Bunye said, The Philippines would maintain its strong stand against terrorism in the
face of the isolated event.
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Bibliography:
Alden, C. [2006].Foreign Policy Analysis. Retrieved last February 1, 2008 fromhttp://www.londonexternal.ac.uk/current_students/programme_resources/lse/lse_pdf/furt
her_units/137_foreign_policy/137_foreign_policy_analysis_2006.pdf
The rest are in the news clippings.
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http://www.londonexternal.ac.uk/current_students/programme_resources/lse/lse_pdf/further_units/137_foreign_policy/137_foreign_policy_analysis_2006.pdfhttp://www.londonexternal.ac.uk/current_students/programme_resources/lse/lse_pdf/further_units/137_foreign_policy/137_foreign_policy_analysis_2006.pdfhttp://www.londonexternal.ac.uk/current_students/programme_resources/lse/lse_pdf/further_units/137_foreign_policy/137_foreign_policy_analysis_2006.pdfhttp://www.londonexternal.ac.uk/current_students/programme_resources/lse/lse_pdf/further_units/137_foreign_policy/137_foreign_policy_analysis_2006.pdf