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Adaptations Are: built of existing variation (mutations). often formed slowly often formed cumulatively specialized costly and: may be out of date The Environment of Evolutionary Adaptedness (EEA)

Adaptations Are: built of existing variation (mutations). often formed slowly often formed cumulatively specialized costly and: may be out of date The

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Page 1: Adaptations Are: built of existing variation (mutations). often formed slowly often formed cumulatively specialized costly and: may be out of date The

Adaptations

Are:built of existing variation (mutations).often formed slowlyoften formed cumulativelyspecializedcostly

and:may be out of date

The Environment of Evolutionary Adaptedness (EEA)

Page 2: Adaptations Are: built of existing variation (mutations). often formed slowly often formed cumulatively specialized costly and: may be out of date The

Cognitive adaptations:

Not general-purpose fitness maximizer.

Rules of thumb:

Sex feels good, even with birth control

Masturbation feels good

Adoptive parents feel parental love

Emotional systems as internal rewards.

Page 3: Adaptations Are: built of existing variation (mutations). often formed slowly often formed cumulatively specialized costly and: may be out of date The

Evolution by Natural Selection tends to make the mean phenotype converge on the optimum.

trait value

frequ

en

cy

Page 4: Adaptations Are: built of existing variation (mutations). often formed slowly often formed cumulatively specialized costly and: may be out of date The

Evolution by Natural Selection tends to make the mean phenotype converge on the optimum.

trait value

frequ

en

cy

Page 5: Adaptations Are: built of existing variation (mutations). often formed slowly often formed cumulatively specialized costly and: may be out of date The

Evolution by Natural Selection tends to make the mean phenotype converge on the optimum.

trait value

frequ

en

cy

Page 6: Adaptations Are: built of existing variation (mutations). often formed slowly often formed cumulatively specialized costly and: may be out of date The

Sexual reproduction continually generates variation around the optimum.

Page 7: Adaptations Are: built of existing variation (mutations). often formed slowly often formed cumulatively specialized costly and: may be out of date The

Sexual Selection

Type of natural selection.

Selection builds adaptations of all types.

Sexual selection builds adaptations that increase mating success:

1. more mates

2. better mates

Page 8: Adaptations Are: built of existing variation (mutations). often formed slowly often formed cumulatively specialized costly and: may be out of date The

Selection builds adaptations that address recurring problems... faced by our ancestors.

Would the challenges of mate choice have been the same for ancestral males and females?

Theory of sexual selection says probably not.

Male reproductive success is less limited than female reproductive success.

Page 9: Adaptations Are: built of existing variation (mutations). often formed slowly often formed cumulatively specialized costly and: may be out of date The
Page 10: Adaptations Are: built of existing variation (mutations). often formed slowly often formed cumulatively specialized costly and: may be out of date The
Page 11: Adaptations Are: built of existing variation (mutations). often formed slowly often formed cumulatively specialized costly and: may be out of date The
Page 12: Adaptations Are: built of existing variation (mutations). often formed slowly often formed cumulatively specialized costly and: may be out of date The

Challenges for ancestral males: quantity.

Challenges for ancestral females: quality.

Likely to produce divergent adaptations:

Two optimal phenotypes

Page 13: Adaptations Are: built of existing variation (mutations). often formed slowly often formed cumulatively specialized costly and: may be out of date The

trait value

frequ

en

cy

Page 14: Adaptations Are: built of existing variation (mutations). often formed slowly often formed cumulatively specialized costly and: may be out of date The

Date solicitation experiment

Confederates asked unsuspecting subjects for a date.

Variable: coffee, apartment visit, sex.

Acceptance rate?

Page 15: Adaptations Are: built of existing variation (mutations). often formed slowly often formed cumulatively specialized costly and: may be out of date The

Date solicitation experiment

Confederates asked unsuspecting subjects for a date.

Variable: coffee, apartment visit, sex.

Acceptance rate?

Women Men

Coffee 50% 50%

Apartment 6% 69%

Sex 0% 75%

Page 16: Adaptations Are: built of existing variation (mutations). often formed slowly often formed cumulatively specialized costly and: may be out of date The

Evidence in favor of evolution

1.Existence and pattern of the fossil record.

2.Homology.

Page 17: Adaptations Are: built of existing variation (mutations). often formed slowly often formed cumulatively specialized costly and: may be out of date The
Page 18: Adaptations Are: built of existing variation (mutations). often formed slowly often formed cumulatively specialized costly and: may be out of date The
Page 19: Adaptations Are: built of existing variation (mutations). often formed slowly often formed cumulatively specialized costly and: may be out of date The

Evidence in favor of evolution

1.Existence and pattern of the fossil record.

2.Homology.

3.Universality of genetic code.

4.Analogy with plant and animal breeding.

5.Direct observation.