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Adaptation of Scots pine provenances to changing temperatures. Volker Schneck & Mirko Liesebach Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Fisheries and Forest, Institute of Forest Genetics, Waldsieversdorf. Scots pine provenance trials. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Adaptation of Scots pine provenances
to changing temperatures
Volker Schneck & Mirko Liesebach
Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Fisheries and Forest, Institute of Forest Genetics, Waldsieversdorf
Scots pine provenance trials
• 1. IUFRO-Provenance trial 1982/84
– 20 provenances from Europe, 7 sites in Germany
• 2. Provenance trial with eastern provenances 1990/91
– 23 provenances (mainly Russia), 2 sites in Germany
IUFRO-Provenance trial 1982/84 - Origin of provenances
IUFRO-Provenance trial 1982/84
characteristics of trial sites
Waldsieversdorf Bensheim
longitude 52° 33’N 49° 39’ N
latitude 14° 05’ E 08° 31’ E
altitude [m] 50 95
annual temperature [°C] 8.2 10.2
annual precipitation 530 662
vegetation period [d] 163 183
precipitation veget. per. [mm] 291 382
aridity index 29.1 32.8
soil type sand-brown-soil brown-soil-gley
plants/plot 121 121
replications 4 (3) 4
spacing [m] 1.5 x 1.5 1.5 x 1.5
aridity index = annual precipitation / (annual temperature+10)
IUFRO-Provenance trial 1982/84
characteristics of trial sites
Waldsieversdorf Bensheim
longitude 52° 49° 39’ N
latitude 14° 08° 31’ E
altitude [m] 50 95
annual temperature [°C] 8.2 10.2
annual precipitation 530 662
vegetation period [d] 163 183
precipitation veget. per. [mm] 291 382
aridity index 29.1 32.8
soil type sand-brown-soil brown-soil
plants/plot 121 121
replications 4 4
spacing [m] 1.5 x 1.5 1.5 x 1.5
IUFRO-Provenance trial 1982/84
mean annual temperature of provenances
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
1 (RU)
2 (RU)
3 (RU)
4 (LV)
5 (PL)
6 (PL)
7 (PL)
8 (PL)
9 (PL)
10 (DE)
11 (DE)
12 (DE)
13 (BE)
14 (FR)
15 (SE)
16 (CZ)
17 (HU)
18 (MN)
19 (BA)
20 (TR)
temperature [°C]
W
B
IUFRO-Provenance trial 1982/84
aridity index of provenances
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
13 (BE)
12 (DE)
9 (PL)
14 (FR)
5 (PL)
6 (PL)
17 (HU)
8 (PL)
10 (DE)
11 (DE)
16 (CZ)
7 (PL)
4 (LV)
3 (RU)
18 (MN)
2 (RU)
19 (BA)
1 (RU)
15 (SE)
20 (TR)
aridity index
W
B
aridity index = annual precipitation / (annual temperature+10)
IUFRO-Provenance trial 1982/84 Waldsieversdorf
height at age 22
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
13 (BE)
12 (DE)
9 (PL)
14 (FR)
5 (PL)
6 (PL)
17 (HU)
8 (PL)
10 (DE)
11 (DE)
16 (CZ)
7 (PL)
4 (LV)
3 (RU)
18 (MN)
2 (RU)
19 (BA)
1 (RU)
15 (SE)
20 (TR)
height [m]
HG 100 = 34 m
IUFRO-Provenance trial 1982/84 Waldsieversdorf
stem volume/ha at age 22
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
12 (DE)
14 (FR)
6 (PL)
13 (BE)
17 (HU)
8 (PL)
9 (PL)
5 (PL)
11 (DE)
7 (PL)
10 (DE)
16 (CZ)
4 (LV)
3 (RU)
18 (MN)
2 (RU)
15 (SE)
19 (BA)
1 (RU)
20 (TR)
volume/ha [m³]
IUFRO-Provenance trial 1982/84 Waldsieversdorf
relationship of provenance temperature with height (age 22)
y = 0.4709x + 6.8698
R2 = 0.548
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
temperature [°C]
height [m]
IUFRO-Provenance trial 1982/84 Waldsieversdorf
relationship of provenance aridity index with height (age 22)
y = -0.105x + 14.323
R2 = 0.5089
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65
aridity index
height [m]
IUFRO-Provenance trial 1982/84 Waldsieversdorf and Bensheim
dbh at age 17
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
13 (BE)
10 (DE)
5 (PL)
14 (FR)
12 (DE)
9 (PL)
6 (PL)
8 (PL)
17 (HU)
16 (CZ)
11 (DE)
7 (PL)
4 (LV)
3 (RU)
2 (RU)
19 (BA)
1 (RU)
18 (MN)
20 (TR)
15 (SE)
Waldsieversdorf Bensheim
dbh [cm]
WB
IUFRO-Provenance trial 1982/84 – both sites
relationship of provenance temperature with dbh (age 17)
y = 0.2835x + 6.681
R2 = 0.3619
y = 0.4007x + 5.4017
R2 = 0.5129
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
temperature [°C]
dbh [cm]
Waldsieversdorf Bensheim
IUFRO-Provenance trial 1982/86 Bensheim
Provenance trial 1990/91 – origin of provenances
60°
55°
50°
15° 20° 25° 30° 35° 40° 50°45° 55°
MV
BB
Provenance trial 1990/91
mean annual temperature of provenances
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
19 DE
18 DE
17 PL
24 PL
25 PL
22 LT
23 LT
10 Lipezk
12 Lipezk
8 Voronesh
9 Voronesh
13 Woronesh
5 Lipezk
7 Voronesh
6 Kirow
3 Kirow
16 Kirow
1 Kirow
11 Komi
14 Kirow
2 Komi
15 Kirow
4 Komi
temperature [°C] BB = 8.8°C
MV = 8.2 °C
Provenance trial 1990/91
aridity index of provenances
aridity index = annual precipitation / (annual temperature+10)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
19 DE
18 DE
17 PL
24 PL
25 PL
22 LT
23 LT
10 Lipezk
12 Lipezk
8 Voronesh
9 Voronesh
13 Woronesh
5 Lipezk
7 Voronesh
6 Kirow
3 Kirow
16 Kirow
1 Kirow
11 Komi
14 Kirow
2 Komi
15 Kirow
4 Komi
aridity index
BB = 29.6
MV = 35.2
Provenance trial 1990/91
height at age 11
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
3,5
4
4,5
5
17 PL
24 PL
25 PL
19 DE
8 Voronesh
22 LT
9 Voronesh
13 Voronesh
7 Voronesh
18 DE
12 Lipezk
23 LT
10 Lipezk
5 Lipezk
14 Kirow
15 Kirow
1 Kirow
6 Kirow
16 Kirow
11 Komi
3 Kirow
2 Komi
4 Komi
MVP BB
height [m]
BB
MVP
Provenance trial 1990/91 – Brandenburg
relationship of difference between trial site and provenance temperature with height (age 11)
y = -0.2443x + 4.4115
R2 = 0.8449
0
1
2
3
4
5
-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
°C
height [m]
Provenance trial 1990/91 – Brandenburg
relationship of difference between trial site and provenance aridity index with height (age 11)
y = -0.0658x + 6.1594
R2 = 0.6372
0
1
2
3
4
5
-35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0
difference aridity index
height [m]
Results
• Significant differences in height growth and volume production between the provenances.
• The local provenance is within the group of the well growing provenances but is not the best.
• Growth at the trial sites is correlated with parameters of provenance climate.
• Provenances from regions with temperatures up to 2.0 resp. 3.5 °C lower perform well under the warmer conditions at the trial sites.
• There are other reasons like differences in mean temperature and annual precipitation for growth of provenances at the trial sites (soil, distribution of precipitation, vegetation period).
Discussion
• Warming up to 2.5 degrees don‘t decrease growth of Scots pine significantly (for provenances between 47° and 58° northern latitude).
• For sites with lower mean temperatures than the trial site a transfer of provenances from west to east seems possible if global warming occurs.
• Besides temperature and precipitation other factors have an strong influence on growth of Scots pine at least in central Europe.
• Open questions:– appearance of new insects and pests – how does Scots pine react to extreme weather conditions (heat,
drought)– What will happen with Scots pine at sites with high temperatures
already today?
IUFRO-Provenance trial 1982/84 Waldsieversdorf
Lampertheim (SW-Germany) Suprasl (NE-Poland)
Thank you