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Requirements
• Visiting the lessons (lectures and practical);
• Pass test (written): 15 points;
• Pass the field presentation: 15 points;
• Make a presentation: 20 points;
Min. 30 points required to be abel to go to final Oral (50 points)
exam.
5 grade system (max. 100pts.):
5 (excellent): 100-86pts
4 (good): 85-76pts.
3 (satisfactory): 75-61pts.
2 (pass): 60-51pts.
1 (fail): 50pts. and below.
http://www.mkk.szie.hu/dep/ntti
Schedule
2016. 02. 15: Climate phenomena's and the soil;
2016. 02. 29: Machines and it’s work;
2016. 03. 14: Soil tillage improving plans; Test
2016. 04. 04 – 04.25: Field visit in the training farm (Szárítópuszta);
2016. 05. 02: Test 2; Students’ prcatcial presentation in the
field
2016. 05. 23: Final presentation of homework
The Schedule may change considering the weather!
Presentation
• Maximum 10 min.
• In .ppt
• About your choosen topic
• After questions about the presentation!
Presentation
Recommended topics for Final Presentation
• Soil tillage improvement in …country/ continent
• Soil tillage system (for crop)
• Plant production systems (national relation)
• Weeds, weed control questions (national relation)
• Climate phenomena (national relation)
• Nature conservation questions, facts, steps…
Elements
Elements
• Soil: The top layer of the Earth's
surface in which plants can grow.
or
• It is a polidisperse system which has 4
dimensions and 4 phases.
Phases of the soil
The soil texture
Elements
• Tillage: Agricultural, mechanical
preparation of the soil for sowing
(from harvesting to sowing).
• Sowing: The act, when we put the
seeds over the ground for growing.
• Is sowing a tillage?
?
The purpose of cultivation
• Establishment of the best soil conditions for the crops
• Elimination of unfavorable soil properties
• Prevention of harmful effects of the wind and precipitation
• Weed control and pest management
Final goal of the tillage
Operations & elements of tillage
Operations Elements Instruments
Rotation Plowing Plough
Loosening Subsoiling Sub soiler, chisel plow
Crumbling Harrowing Rotary tiller, harrow
Mixing Disking, disk tillage Disk, chisel plow etc.
Compacting Rolling Roller
Levelling Levelling Surface leveller, roller
Plowing
Subsoiling
Chisel plow or cultivator
Harrowing
Disk tillage
Compacting
Surface levelling
Climate basics
Milutin Milanković (1879 – 1958)
Milankovitch cycles
Obliquity of axis ~ 41 000 yrs
Precession of axis ~ 21 000 yrs
Earth’s orbit precession
The distance from the Earth to the Sun is 1 Astrological Unit (AU) cca. 150 million kilometers
Climate change?
1 degree Fahrenheit = -17.2222222 degrees Celsius
CO2 concentrations over the last 400,000 years
The past 135 year of Global Warming
Historical Tropical Cyclone
tracks from 1842 to 2013
Climate change
or
weather variability?
Climate impacts
Rainstorm, heavy precipitation
Erosion
Flood
Hail
Dust storm, deflation
Drought
Negative tillage effects
Clod forming
Pan layer compaction
Destroy the soil structure
Improve the soil carbon
and moisture loss
Inadequate tillage and climate change =
Yield loss
Scenarios to Hungary
Thanks for your attention!
