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Appendix D

Properties of Materials


D-2 FAN ENGINEERING

Table D.1 Properties of the Elements

Name No. Sym. At. Wt. Name No. Sym. At. Wt.Actinium 89 Ac 227.028 Mercury 80 Hg 200.59Aluminum 13 Al 26.9815 Molybdenum 42 Mo 95.94Americium 95 Am [243] Neodymium 60 Nd 144.24Antimony 51 Sb 121.75 Neon 10 Ne 20.179Argon 18 Ar 39.948 Neptunium 93 Np 237.0482Arsenic 33 As 74.9216 Nickel 28 Ni 58.70Astatine 85 At [210] Niobium 41 Nb 92.9064Barium 56 Ba 137.33 Nitrogen 7 N 14.0067Berkelium 97 Bk [247] Nobelium 102 No [259]Beryllium 4 Be 9.0122 Osmium 76 Os 190.2Bismuth 83 Bi 208.9808 Oxygen 8 O 15.9994Boron 5 B 10.81 Palladium 46 Pd 106.4Bromine 35 Br 79.904 Phosphorus 15 P 30.9738Cadmium 48 Cd 112.41 Platinum 78 Pt 195.09Calcium 20 Ca 40.08 Plutonium 94 Pu [244]Californium 98 Cf [251] Polonium 84 Po [209]Carbon 6 C 12.011 Potassium 19 K 39.0983Cerium 58 Ce 140.12 Praseodymium 59 Pr 140.9077Cesium 55 Cs 132.9054 Promethium 61 Pm [145]Chlorine 17 Cl 35.453 Protactinium 91 Pa 231.0359Chromium 24 Cr 51.996 Radium 88 Ra 226.0254Cobalt 27 Co 58.9332 Radon 86 Rn [222]Copper 29 Cu 63.546 Rhenium 75 Re 186.22Curium 96 Cm [247] Rhodium 45 Rh 103.9055Dysprosium 66 Dy 162.50 Rubidium 37 Rb 85.4678Einsteinium 99 Es [254] Ruthenium 44 Ru 101.07Erbium 68 Er 167.26 Samarium 62 Sm 150.4Europium 63 Eu 151.96 Scandium 21 Sc 44.9559Fermium 100 Fm [257] Selenium 34 Se 78.96Fluorine 9 F 18.9984 Silicon 14 Si 28.0855Francium 87 Fr [223] Silver 47 Ag 107.868Gadolinium 64 Gd 157.25 Sodium 11 Na 22.9898Gallium 31 Ga 69.72 Strontium 38 Sr 87.62Germanium 32 Ge 72.59 Sulfur 16 S 32.06Gold 79 Au 196.9665 Tantalum 73 Ta 180.9479Hafnium 72 Hf 178.49 Technetium 43 Tc [97]Helium 2 He 4.0026 Tellurium 52 Te 127.60Holmium 67 Ho 164.9304 Terbium 65 Tb 158.9254Hydrogen 1 H 1.0079 Thallium 81 Tl 204.37Indium 49 In 114.82 Thorium 90 Th 232.0381Iodine 53 I 126.9044 Thulium 69 Tm 168.9342Iridium 77 Ir 192.2 Tin 50 Sn 118.69Iron 26 Fe 55.847 Titanium 22 Ti 47.90Krypton 36 Kr 83.80 Tungsten 74 W 183.85Lanthanum 57 La 138.9055 Uranium 92 U 238.029Lawrencium 103 Lr [260] Vanadium 23 V 50.9414Lead 82 Pb 207.21 Xenon 54 Xe 131.30Lithium 3 Li 6.941 Ytterbium 70 Yb 173.04Lutetium 71 Lu 174.967 Yttrium 39 Y 88.9059Magnesium 12 Mg 24.305 Zinc 30 Zn 65.38Manganese 25 Mn 54.9380 Zirconium 40 Zr 91.22Mendelevium 101 Md [258] Columbium 41 Cb See Nb

For the unstable elements, the mass number of the most stable isotope, rather than the atomicweight, is listed in brackets.


APPENDIX D- PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS D-3

Table D.2 Properties of Saturated Steam

Pressure Temp. Density Spec.Vol EnthalpySat.Liq. Evap. Sat.Vap.

psig °F lbm/ft3 ft 3/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm0 212.00 .03731 26.800 180.07 970.3 1150.41 215.33 .03967 25.210 183.43 968.2 1151.62 218.50 .04202 23.800 186.61 966.2 1152.83 221.51 .04439 22.530 189.66 964.2 1153.94 224.39 .04673 21.400 192.56 962.3 1154.95 227.14 .04907 20.380 195.32 960.6 1155.96 229.80 .05139 19.460 198.01 958.9 1156.97 232.32 .05371 18.620 200.55 957.2 1157.88 234.76 .05601 17.853 203.04 955.6 1158.69 237.11 .05828 17.148 205.41 954.1 1159.510 239.39 .06062 16.496 207.72 952.6 1160.315 249.75 .07207 13.876 218.23 945.7 1163.920 258.76 .08335 11.999 227.38 939.6 1166.925 266.78 .09456 10.576 235.55 934.0 1169.630 274.02 .10595 9.438 242.95 929.0 1171.935 280.62 .11674 8.566 249.69 924.3 1174.040 286.71 .12778 7.826 257.99 918.4 1176.445 292.37 .13871 7.210 261.73 915.7 1177.450 297.66 .14959 6.685 267.18 911.9 1179.155 302.62 .16044 6.233 272.31 908.2 1180.560 307.32 .17126 5.839 277.14 904.6 1181.765 311.77 .18265 5.475 281.75 901.2 1183.070 316.00 .19287 5.185 286.13 898.0 1184.175 320.03 .20359 4.912 290.36 894.9 1185.380 323.90 .21437 4.665 294.34 891.9 1186.285 327.59 .22498 4.445 298.18 888.9 1187.190 331.15 .23564 4.244 301.88 886.1 1188.095 334.57 .24625 4.061 305.46 883.3 1188.8100 337.88 .25695 3.892 308.91 880.7 1189.6100 344.15 .27818 3.595 315.49 875.6 1191.1120 350.04 .29950 3.339 321.67 870.7 1192.3130 355.59 .32075 3.121 327.53 865.9 1193.4140 360.84 .34166 2.927 333.07 861.5 1194.6150 365.85 .36272 2.757 338.38 857.1 1195.6160 370.62 .38398 2.607 343.44 853.0 1196.4170 375.17 .40488 2.470 348.29 848.9 1197.2180 379.54 .42593 2.348 352.95 845.0 1198.0190 383.74 .44685 2.238 357.45 841.0 1198.5200 387.78 .46795 2.137 361.78 837.51 1199.3

Adapted from the data of J. H. Keenan and F. G.Keyes. Thermodynamic Properties of Steam,John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1936. Based on a barometric pressure of 14.696 psi andenthalpy of liquid above 32°F. Refer to Table 1.7 for vapor pressures of ice and water in in.Hg, which are given for each 1°F from –20°F to 409°F.


D-4 FAN ENGINEERING

Table D.3 Properties of Gases

Mol. Spec. Spec. Gas Sp. Ht. Abs. Ther.wt. Grav. Heat Const. Ratio Visc. Cond.

Gas Formula M G cp R JJJJ PPPP kAcetylene C2H2 26.04 .906 .383 (59.35) 1.26 .009 .0106Air Table 1.1 28.97 1.0 .240a 53.30 1.40 .0181b .0135Ammonia NH3 17.03 .597 .523 90.77 1.31 .010c .0124Argon Ar 39.95 1.38 .124a (38.69) 1.668 .022 .0094Bromine Br2 159.8 5.87 .655 (9.671) 1.32 .015 -Butane C4H10 58.12 (2.01) .456 (26.59) 1.11 .008c -

Butylene C4H8 56.11 (1.94) - (27.54) - .007 -Carbon dioxide CO2 44.00 1.53 .199a 35.13 1.304 .015c .0082Carbon disulfide CS2 76.14 2.63 .157 (20.30) 1.63 .010 .0039Carbon monoxide CO 28.01 .968 .248a (55.17) 1.404 .017 .0131Chlorine Cl2 70.91 2.49 .115 (21.79) 1.355 (.013) .0044Cyanogen (CN)2 52.04 1.80 .410 (29.70) 1.256 .010 -Deuterium D2 4.028 .139 - (383.7) - .013 -Ethane C2H6 30.07 1.05 .396 (51.39) 1.22 .009c .0104Ethylene C2H4 28.05 .975 .359 (55.09) 1.255 .010 .0097Fluorine F2 38.00 1.31 .196 40.68 - .021 .0142Formaldehyde CH2O 30.03 (1.04) - (51.46) - - -Helium (-292°F)* He 4.003 .137 *1.248a 386.3 *1.660 .020b .0810Hydrogen H2 2.016 .069 3.388a 766.5 1.410 .009b .0958Hydrogen chloride HCl 36.46 1.27 .194 (42.39) 1.41 .014 -Hydrogen sulfide H2S 34.08 1.19 .253 (45.35) 1.32 .012 .0074Krypton Kr 83.70 2.82 (.439)a (18.46) 1.68 .025 -Methane CH4 16.04 .554 .528 (96.35) 1.31 .011 .0174Methyl bromide CH3Br 94.94 (3.28) - (16.28) 1.27 .010 .0042Methyl chloride CH3Cl 50.49 1.79 .240 (30.61) 1.28 .010c .0054Neon Ne 20.18 .674 (1.82)a (76.58) 1.64 .031 .0264Nitric oxide NO 30.01 1.04 .233 (51.50) 1.400 .018 .0134Nitrogen N2 28.01 .967 .248a 55.16 1.404 .017b .0137Nitrous oxide N2O 44.01 1.53 .200 (35.11) 1.303 .014 .0085Oxygen O2 32.00 1.10 .218a 48.31 1.401 .020b .0138Ozone O3 48.00 1.66 .197 32.21 - - -Phosgene COCl2 98.92 (4.16) - (15.63) - - -Phosphine PH3 34.00 1.15 - (45.45) - - -Propane C3H8 44.11 1.56 .473 (35.04) 1.13 .008 -Propylene C3H6 42.08 1.50 - (36.73) - .008 -Sulfur dioxide SO2 64.06 2.26 .152 (24.12) 1.29 .012c .0047Sulfur trioxide SO3 80.06 2.75 - (19.30) - - -Vinyl chloride C2H3Cl 62.50 (2.16) - (24.73) - - -Water vapor(212°F)† H2O 18.02 .622 †.484a 85.8l †l.324 †.013b †.0133Xenon Xe 131.30 4.53 (.028)a (11.77) 1.66 .022 -

aRefer to Table 1.15 for additional values. Specific heat is in Btu/lbm-°F.bRefer to Figure 2.4 for additional values. Absolute viscosity is in cP.cRefer to Figure 2.3 for additional values. Thermal conductivity is in Btu/hr-ft-°F.Data in parentheses were calculated from M. Gas constant is in ft/°F.Specific gravity is referred to air = 1.00. All gases are at 29.92 in. Hg pressure.

Adapted from the data of N. A. Lange: Handbook of Chemistry, Handbook Publishers, Inc.,Sandusky, Ohio, 1952.


APPENDIX D - PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS D-5

Table D.4 Properties of Liquidsat 68°F & 29.92 in. Hg or as noted

Spec. Spec. Latent Vapor Abs. Therm.Grav. Heat Heat Press. Visc. Cond.

Liquid Formula G cp OOOOv psat PPPP kAcetic acid CH3COOH 1.049 .468 174 .461 1,22 .099Acetone (CH3)2CO .791 .528 237 7.28 .331 .102Ammonia NH3 .618 1.13 518 253 .266 .29Amyl acetate C5H11CO2CH3 .871 .459 - - .806 .073Aniline C6H5NH2 1.022 .495 187 .002 4.47 .099Benzene C6H6 .879 .406 188 3.01 .647 .081Brine-25% CaCl2 1.228 .687 - - 2.67 .318Brine-25% NaCl 1.189 .814 - - 2.02 .265Butane C4H10 .579 .550 158 61.5 .187 .076Carbon dioxide CO2 1,101 .92 63.1 1690 .071 -Carbon disulfide CS2 1.263 .240 157 11.60 .376 .083Carbon tetrachloride CCl4 1.594 .201 93.8 3.58 .958 .061Chloroform CHCl3 1.489 .234 113 6.27 .563 .070Ethyl acetate C2H5CO2CH3 .901 .459 183 2.87 .455 .084Ethyl alcohol C2H5OH .789 .622 368 1.73 1.19 .101Ethyl alcohol-40% - .935 .920 - - 1.25 .224Ethyl ether C2H5OC2H5 .708 .503 151 17.4 .245 .073Ethylene glycol (CH2OH)2 1.115 .57 344 .002 20.9 .167Ethylene glycol -50% - 1.067 .70 - .40 4.1 .242Freon 11-12.87 psia CFCl3 1.490 .214 78.9 27.3 .46 .064Freon 12-82.28 psia CF2Cl2 1.331 .253 60.6 153 .27 .052Freon 22-133 psia CHF2Cl 1.215 .298 81.0 279 .24 .062Gasoline - .687 .70 - - .35 -Glycerol (CH2OH)2CHOH l.261 .573 - - 1069 .162Heptane C7H16 .684 .508 157 1.30 .416 .082Hexane C6H14 .659 .537 157 4.96 .326 .088Hydrochloric acid-40% HCl 1.198 .60 178 - - .254Kerosene - .82 .50 - - 1.8 .085Methyl acetate CH3CO2CH3 .933 .468 190 6.68 .388 .093Methyl alcohol CH3OH .792 .610 499 3.78 .593 .120Methyl chloride CH3Cl .92 .385 172 144 .183 .089Milk - 1.03 .93 - - - -Nitric acid HNO3 1.502 - 206 - 1.77 -Octane C8H18 .703 .523 156 .417 .542 .091Oil, draft gage - .834 - - - - -Oil, linseed - .941 .53 - - 33 -Oil, lube.(med.) - .91 .45 - - 200 .080Oil, olive - .92 .33 - - 84 .109Oil, vegetable - .92 .434 - - 40.6 -Pentane C5H12 .626 .527 158 - .240 .069Phenol C6H5OH 1.071 .561 - .001 12.7 -Propane C3H8 .585 .576 150 258 .14 .075Sulfur dioxide SO2 1.434 .35 151 96.5 .27 .115Sulfuric acid -98% H2SO4 1.836 .336 202 - 23.0 .205Toluene C6H5CH3 .866 .407 178 .870 .590 .074Turpentine - .867 .472 133 .17 1.49 .063Water, 39.2°F (4°C) H2O 1.000 1.005 1069 .240 1.567 .325Water, 59°F (15°C) H2O .999 1.000 1058 .504 1.140 .339Water, 68.7°F (20.2°C) H2O .998 .998 1054 .707 1.000 .346Water, 70°F (21.1°C) H2O .998 .998 1053 .739 .978 .347Water, 212°F (100°C) H2O .958 1.006 970 29.92 .284 .393Water, heavy D2O2 1.108 1.018 894 - - -Water, sea - 1.025 .94 - - 1.03 .349

G referred to water, cp in Btu/lbm-°F, Ov in Btu/lbm, psat in in. Hg, P in cP, k in Btu/hr-ft-°F.Adapted from the data of N. A. Lange: Handbook of Chemistry, Handbook Publishers, Inc.,Sandusky, Ohio, 1952. Refer to manufacturers' data for exact properties. See p.2-88 for H2O.


D-6 FAN ENGINEERING

Table D.5 Properties of Solids

Density Specific ThermalHeat Conductivity

Solid UUUU cp klbm/ft 3 Btu/lbm-°F Btu-in./hr-ft 2-°F

Asbestos 153 .20 1.7Asbestos-cement board 120 - 4.0Ashes 43 .20 0.5Asphalt 82 - 5.2

Bakelite 86 .33 -Borax 109 .38 -Brick, common 120 .22 5.0Brick, face 130 .22 9.0

Calcium carbonate 177 .19 14.4Calcium chloride 134 .16 -Carborundum 195 .16 1.5Celluloid 87 .36 1.4Cellulose 94 .37 -Cement, loose 94 .20 2.1Cement, mortar 116 .20 5.0Chalk 142 .21 5.8Charcoal, hardwood 34 .20 -Cinders, loose 43 .18 -Clay, dry 63 .22 -Clay, moist 110 .55 -Coal, anth., solid 98 .31 -Coal, bitum., solid 85 .30 -Coke, solid 75 .20 -Concrete, cinder 97 .18 3.5Concrete, stone 140 .19 12.5Cork 15 .48 0.4Corkboard 8 - 0.3Cotton 5 .32 0.4

Dry Ice 97 .12 -

Earth, moist 78 .44 12.0Ebonite 72 .35 1.2

Fats 58 .46 -Feldspar 160 .20 16.2Flannel - - 0.7

Glass, crown 160 .16 5.5Glass, flint 215 .13 4.1Glass, pyrex 140 .20 7.5Granite 165 .19 12.5Graphite 99 .20 306Gypsum, compressed 152 .26 9.0Gypsum board 50 - 1.4

Hay, baled 120 1.32 -


APPENDIX D - PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS D-7

Table D.5 (Cont.) Properties of Solids

Density Specific ThermalHeat Conductivity

Solid UUUU cp klbm/ft 3 Btu/lbm-°F Btu-in./hr-ft 2-°F

Ice 56 .50 14.5

Leather, dried 56 .36 1.2Limestone 163 .22 12.5

Magnesia, 85% 17 .22 0.5Marble 168 .21 14.0Mica 183 .21 5.2

Neoprene 77 .40 0.1Nylon 70 .55 -

Paper 58 .32 0.9Paraffin 56 .69 1.7Plywood 34 - 0.8Porcelain 150 .26 7.2Potatoes, piled 42 .80 -

Ouartz 165 .21 46.0

Rubber, hard 70 .40 1.3Rubber, soft 60 .50 0.9

Salt, granulated and piled 48 .21 -Sand, dry 99 .20 2.7Sandstone 144 .22 12.5Sawdust 13 .52 .35Slate 172 - 10.4Snow, fresh 10 .50 -Snow, compact 35 - 3.2Sodium carbonate 91 .27 -Sodium nitrate 141 .28 -Sodium sulfate 167 .21 -Stucco 116 - 5.0Sucrose 100 .30 -Sugar, bulk 55 .28 -Sulfur 126 .17 1.9Synthane 86 .35 2.0

Talc 170 .21 -

Vinyl 84 .24 -

Wood, hard 45 .57 1.1Wood, soft 32 .47 0.8Wood, parallel grain - - 2.4

Zinc Oxide 350 .12 14.1

Refer to the following tables for more data: Table 5.1 for metals and alloys, Table 5.2 forinsulating materials, Tables 21.5 through 21.17 for building materials, Table 24.2 for finelydivided materials, and Table 27.1 for perishable products.


D-8 FAN ENGINEERING

Table D.6 Properties of Metals and Alloys

CTE TS YS FS E G QQQQMetal or Alloy 10-4/°F M psi M psi M psi M psi M psi -Aluminum Alloys1100-H18 13.0 24 21 8.5 10000 38500 .332024-T4 12.9 68 46 18 10600 38500 .333003-H18 12.9 29 25 10 10000 38500 .335052-H38 13.3 41 36 19 10200 38500 .335086H34 13.4 47 37 - 10300 38500 .336061-T6 13.0 45 40 13.5 10000 38500 .337075-T6 13.1 82 72 22.5 10400 38500 .33

Copper AlloysPure copper 9.16 32 - - - - 0.33Deoxidized copper 9.82 32 10 11 17000 - -Commercial bronze 10.1 37 10 21 17000 - -Red brass 10.4 39 10 20 17000 - -Muntz metal 11.6 54 21 - 15000 - -Naval brass 11.8 55 25 15 15000 - -Admiralty metal 11.2 48 18 18 15000 - -Silicon bronze 10.0 56 21 16 15000 - -

Nickel AlloysPure nickel 13.3 46 8.5 - 30000 - -Monel 7.8 75 40 38.5 26000 9500 -"K" monel 7.8 90 40 38.5 26000 - -Inconel X 750 7.0 181 124 25 31000 11000 0.29Inconel 600 7.4 98 36.5 39 31000 11000 0.29Hastelloy B 5.5 130 56 - 30750 - -Hastelloy C 6.3 120 56 - 28500 - -Hastelloy D 6.1 110 - - 28850 - -

Miscellaneous MetalsPure lead - 2.51 1.32 .52 - - -Lead babbitt 13.3 10 - 3.9 4200 - -Pure magnesium 14.4 27 14 9 6500 2400 0.35Pure tin 12.8 2.4 - - 6000 2400 0.33Titanium 75A 5.0 75 60 75 15500 5300 -Rolled zinc alloy 19.3 28 - 6.8 - - -

IronWrought 6.35 48 27 23 - - 0.28Cast-gray no.20 - 20 - 10 12000 - 0.27Pure 6.5 42 26 26 29800 11600 0.28

SteelAISI 1006 6.77 42 21 - 29000 - -AISI 1040 5.2 77 38.5 - 29000 - -ASTM A242 6.3 70 50 42 29000 - -Heat-treated (T1) 7.6 115 100 50 30000 - -

Stainless Steel302 9.6 85 35 42 28000 12500 -304 9.6 85 30 40 28000 12500 -309 8.3 90 40 - 29000 - -310 8.0 95 45 - 29000 - -316 8.9 80 30 38 28000 - -317 8.9 85 40 - 28000 - -321, 347 9.3 90 35 39 28000 - -403, 410 5.5 65 35 40 29000 - -416 5.5 75 40 40 29000 - -430 5.4 75 40 40 29000 - -501 6.2 70 30 - 29000 - -502 6.2 65 25 - 29000 - -

CTE: coefficient of thermal expansion, TS: tensile strength, YS: yield strength, FS: fatigue strength, E:modulus of elasticity, G: modulus of rigidity, and Q: Poisson's ratio. Also see Table 5.1.Adapted from the data of S. L. Hoyt: ASME Handbook - Metals Properties, McGraw-Hill BookCompany, Inc., New York, 1954, (usually, hot-rolled or annealed sheet or plate).

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