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A FIE LD MANUAL FOR BREAKING EMULS I ONS IN NAVYBILG E COLLECTION AND TREATMENT SYSTEM S

I. NEEO FOR CHEM ICAL DEMULSIFIER S

THE NEW WASTE OIL RAFT (FOR) WITH ITS MOB ILE MODULAROIL/WATER SEPARATION AND REMOVAL (OWS&R) SUBSYSTEM REPRE-SENTS A SIGNIFICANT ADVANCE IN THE HANDLING AND TREATMENT

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~9~SNot. : Man uscript submi tt .d Docember 5, 1977.

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OF OILY BILGE WASTE WATERS. HOWEVER , OPERATIONAL PROBLEMS

IN THE SEPARATION OF OIL AND WATER (EMULSION FORMATION)

MAY OCCASIONALLY BE EXPER I ENCED ESPECIALLY WHEN SURFACE-

ACTIVE MATERIALS (DETERGENTS, SOAPS, CLEAN ING COMPOUNDS,

ETC.) ARE PRESENT IN ThE OILY WASTE . THIS INSTRUCTION

OUTLINES THE PROCEDURE TO BE USED IN BREAKING EMULSIONS IN

THE NEW WOR USING CHEM ICAL DEMULSIFIERS (sEE LAsT FIGURE

FOR DIAGRAM OF DECISION-MAKING PROCESS INVOLVED WITH THISINSTRUCTION).

II , PROCEDURE

1. THE OILY WASTE SHOULD FIRST BE IDENTIFIED IN ORDER

TO DETERMINE WHETHER OR NOT IT IS AN EMULSION . THE FOLLOW ING

CHARACTER ISTICS ARE TYP ICAL :

3EFOR E us~zo DE~JL.5~~~’J !j

2

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APPEARANCE: ~ILKY WHITE TO DARK BROWNISH CREAM

TEXTURE: t’!ATERY TO CREA MY

faTE: EMULSION MA ( HAVE AN OIL LAYER OF VAR IABLE THICKNESSABOVE IT AND A SEPARATED WATER LAYER BELOW IT.

2. WHEN A VISIBLE SHEEN DEVELOPS FROM OUTFLOW OF SECON-DARY WOR CHAMBER , EMULS IO N MAY BE PRE SENT AND HAS PROB ABLYPASSED FROM THE PRIMARY TO SECONDARY CHAMBER THROUGH CONNECTINGPORT BETWEEN CHAMBERS (APPROX . 7,000 GALLONS OF EMULSION WILLBE IN PRIMARY CHAMBER AT THIS POINT). IF OIL IS ON SURFACEREMOVE WITH SKIMMER AND PUMP OFF TO REVEAL EMULSION SURFACE.

3. WITHDRAW A SAMPLE FROM WELL BELOW THE EMULSION

SURFACE USING A WEIGHTED SAMPLE BOTTLE . SET ASIDE FOR TWO

HOURS AND OBSERVE ANY SIGNS OF SEPARATION , I.E, A SEPARATING

OIL LAYER AND/OR A CLAR IFYING WATER LAYER . THIS WILL PROVIDEINFORMATION ON WHAT ’S HAPPENING IN THE WOR AND ALSO DISTIN-GUISH BETWEEN MECHANICAL EMULSIONS AND CHEMiCALLY-STABiLIZED

EMULSIONS.

4. TEST FOR EMULSION TYPE

THE EMULSION SHOULD NEXT BE TESTED FOR TYPE. ASUGGESTED PROCEDURE IS AS FOLLOWS :

(A) TAKE TWO CLEAR TUBES OR BOTTLES.

(B) ADD CLEAN WATER TO ONE TUBE AND CLEAN(PREFERABLY CLEAR) FUEL TO THE OTHER .

(c) ADD EMULSION TO EACH TUBE AND STIR VERY

GENTLY (NO NEED TO SHAKE).

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O~SERVAT IONS

(A) IF THE EMULSION EASILY MIXES WITH WATER BUTDOES NOT MIX WITH THE FUEL (I.E. THERE ARE TWO LAYERS) THEN

THE EMULSION IS OIL— IN—WATER (0/W).

(B) IF THE EMULSION EASILY MIXES WITH FUEL BUT

DOES NOT MIX WITH WATER (TWO LAYERS) THEN THE EMULSION IS

WATER- IN—OIL (W/O).

IF EMULS I ON IS WATER— IN— OIL IT SHOULD BE TRANSPORTED TO

A SHORE-BASED OILY WASTE TREATMENT FACILITY . IF OIL-1NWATER PROCEED TO STEP 5.

4 .

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5. SALINITY TEST

ASSUMING THE SAMPLE IS OIL— IN— WATER A SALINITYTEST SHOULD BE PERFORMED . A CONDUCTIVITY SALINITY METER ISAVA I LABLE FROM FISHER SC IENTIFIC Co.., MODEL 33 (YS I 33) ORFROM OTHER SOURCES AND IT READS PERCENTAGE OF SALT DIRECTLY .A FRESH WATER EMULSION WOULD READ CLOSE TO 0% AND A SEAWATER EMULSION APPROXIMATELY 3%, CHECK BOTH SIDES OF THEDONUT. IF THE SALINITY OF THE EMULS ION IN THE PRI MARYCHAMBER IS 2% OR LESS AND THE SALINITY IN THE SECONDARYCHAMBER IS 3%, PUMPING SEA WATER FROM CHAMBER TWO TO CHAM

BER ONE INTO THE EMULSION MAY BE SUFFI C IENT TO BREAK IT.IF THE SALINITY IN THE SECOND CHAMBER IS LOW - 2% OR LESSTHE EMULS ION MIGHT EITHER BE PUMPED INTO A SECONC DONUTCONTAINING FRESH SEA WATER (3% SALINITY ) OR INORGAi~1IC SALTADDED TO THE DONUT TO INCREASE THE SALINITY TO 3% (ABOUT

• 2000 LB WILL BRING UP THE SALINITY ABOUT 1%). MIXINGADDITIONAL SEA WATER WITH THE EMULSION SHOULD BE THOROUGH

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AND COMPLETE . AFTER MIXIN G, WiTHDRAW SAMPLES FROM BOTHSIDES OF DONUT (AT LEAST 1 FT. BELOW SURFACE) AND OBSERVESIGNS OF SEPARATION OVER A 2 HR. PERIOD AS IN STEP 3.IF OIL SEPARATES PUMP TO OIL STORAGE FACILITY. IF WATERLAYER IS CLEAR IRRIGATE DONUTS IF CLOUDY PROCEED TOSTEP 6.

6. CHEM ICAL TREATMENT PROCEDURE: THE FOLLOWINGPR OCEDURE APPL I ES :

PUMP ALL SEPARATED OIL FROM BOTH PR IMARY ANDSECONDARY SIDES OF DONUT IF ANY REMAINS ON SURFACE.

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(A) START MIXING THE PRIMARY SIDE OF DONUT WITHA 300 GPM OR LARGER PUMP USING A HOSE TO PUMP NEAR THEBOTTOM OF DONUT AND AN OUTLET HOSE AT THE SURFACE .

(a) ADD 1/2 DRUM OF DEMULSIFIER TO EACH CHAMBEROF DONUT AT A RATE OF ABOUT 3—5 GPM WITH EMULS ION STREAMINGFROM THE MIXING PUMP .

(C) CONTINUE MIXING 60 MINUTES AFTER DEMULSIFIERHAS BEEN ADDED.

(D) WITHDRAW A SAMPLE FROM 2 OR 3 FEET BELOW SUR-FACE THEN TURN OFF PUMP AND ALLOW EMULS ION TO STAND (8-20 HOURS). IF EMULSION DOES NOT BEGIN TO BREAK WITHIN2 HOURS (OBSERVE SAMPLE BOTTLE) REPEAT STEPS A—D, OTHERWISEPROCEED TO STEPS E AND F.

•

(E) AFTER OVERNIGHT SEPARATION (IF POSSIBLE)REMOVE OIL FROM BOTH SIDES OF DONUT AND PUMP TO OIL STORAGEFACILITY .

(F) IF TWO BARRELS DO NOT BREA K EMULSION IT SHOULDBE PUMPED OR TRANSPORTED TO OILY WASTE TREATMENT PLANT. NOTETHAT IN COLDER CLIMATES WHERE WATER TEMPERATURE MAY BE ASLOW AS 32°F A THi RD BARREL MAY BE REQUIRED . :

1

7. TREATMENT OF SEPARATED WATER

IF WATER LAYER IS CLEAN (TA KE SAMPLE WITH SAMPLEBOTTLE) CAUTIOUSLY PUMP SEA WATER 2’ io 3’ BELOW THE SURFACEOF THE PRIMARY CHAMBER, FIRST CLOSING OFF SEA WATER INTAKEVALVE IN SECONDARY CHAMBER AND OPENING OUTFLOW VALVE TOOBSERVATION. IF SHEEN DEVELOPS IN WELL, CEASE PUMPINGIMMEDIATELY . THE WATER SHOULD BE ADDITIONALLY TREATED

7

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fr-I-

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all s h e aUS , Or~~U%0 WISh tO INS oUr ~~~~

WITH OTHER CHEMICAL AGENTS OR MECHAN ICAL SEPARATORS

(PARALLEL PLATE UN ITS, FILTER COALESCERS ETC.) TO

REMOVE LAST TRACES OF UNDISSOLVED OIL.

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8. SCHEMATIC OF OVERJ~LL TREATMENT PROCEDUREI .

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• Fig. 7 — Logic diagiam for handling and treatment of oily waste- upon arrival in a waste oil raft

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