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Activity and Developments at Selected Soviet Space Research Institutes (SJ

ITRATEBIC WEAPONS INDUSTRIAL FACIUTIEB BE: YIJIDUI USSR

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INStAllATION 01 ACII\'IT'f NAME

Activity and Developments at Selected Soviet Spaa: Research Institutes

NA See below

ACJC. USATC, Series 200, Sheet 0167-S, scale 1:200,000 \ATUI IMAGElY USlD I'IE04110N D ... If rtf '"'"''HI

Sec "Abstract"

Shchclkovo Cosmona11t Tralnlna FadiiiJ

Moskva Space Raearch FaclliiJ Tomlllno

Moskva Sdcntilic Raearch Institute Nil BolsMYo 4

M01kva Sdcntilic Raearcll lrutltutc Nil· I

Moskva lnatltutc for SpaCI Racard!IKI

Moskva lllltillltc of Chemical Phfllcs Academy of SdcnCI

55-52·33N Oll·ll6oS41!

55-34-!IZN Ol7-S6-31E

"·!16-21N OJM~"E

5!1-~30N Ol7·ll·l21!

S5-l9-00N OJ7-31-42E

SS-42-31 N OJ7-l4-42E

NA

Catrplf

ABSTifACf

BENe

COMIIEXI'IO,

See below

COUHUY

UR NitTI NO.

Sec below

COMIREX NIETB Ne (MRNNe)

I. (TSR) Thb report describes rcant dcvdopmcnts at sill Soviet space-related research institutes. Construction at Shc:hdkovo Cosmonaut Tralnina FaciHty, Moskva Space Research Facility Tomilino, Moskva Scientific Research Institute Nil Bobhevo 4, and Moskva Scientific Research lnslltute Nll·l indicated that the Sovieta are increulna thdr capabilitiea In basic research which has direct application to their spaa: proaram. A new, probable: neutral bouyancy testftralnlna facility at Shchc\kovo will enhance the capability of thla Installation to support tralnina and research for the Soviet's manned space nlaht proaram. Moskva Institute tor Spaa: Research I Kl directs much of the research and development of the Soviet's unmanned spac:c night prosrams. The Moskva lnatitutc of Chemical Physlc:a Academy or Science emphasizes advanc:cd, theoretical research Into propcllanta which will have a dlrcc:t impact on rutun: spac:c launch vehicle and missile propulsion systems.

2. (TSR) This report Is based on all applicable KEYHOLE lma c reports on thrc:c: or these sill ladlltl~ I on Tomillno, ?=--'-"=-=,-

1 lon NII-I. Thia Ia the lint 6Uic report ilc:sc:riblna Sbc ovo osmonaut TralnlnJ Facility, Moskva Institute for Spaa: Research IKI, and Moakva Institute or Chemical Physic:a Academy oC Scic:nc:c. The information cutoiT date ror thla n:port is

1...--------' l . (U) This report Includes a location map, sill annotated photoaraphs, and sill tables provldlns

mc:nsuraland chronoloalcal data._._-·----

INTRODUCI'ION

4. (TSR) The sh1 irutaUations (Fiaure I) discussed In this report arc involved in buic and applied research in support o! the Soviet space proaram. Because much or this rc:search wu carried out in a laboratory environment, collateral sourc:ea were relied upon to Identify the: mission or proarams of a particular institute. The larac: amount of new noorspace added to these installations durina the: n:portlna period indicated that the Soviets arc Cllplndin& their rcacarch support tor the space proaram.

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S. (TSR) The c:urrcn t rcportlna period for thrc:c: or the six institutes covered by this report was dependent upon the date or the latcat imagery used In the previous NPIC rcoorts1-J tor each Installation. All applicable KEYHOLE imaaery acquired between the c:arllcst date orl lwas used in the 25X1 preparation or this report. This is the: first basic report on Shchelkovo Cosmonaut Tralnlns Facility, Moskva

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Ft8UU 1. LOCATIONI OF SELECTED IOYIET IPACE REIEAICH IIIITITUT£1

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lnSihute for Spac:~ Research IKJ, and Moskva JnstiiUie of Chemical Ph)·slcs Academy of Science. The reportina period was determined by the date that the installations were nut identified, The spcclnc: reportina dates for each installation arc listed below. ·

lnstallatloa Reporllaa Period Shchclkovo ...--------------, Tomilino Bolshevo 4 Nil· I IKJ Chemical Physics

Shchelko•o Cosmonaut Tralnlna Faclllty

6. (TSR) The Shchclkovo Cosmonaut Train· ina Facility is 18 nautical miles {nm) northeast or the Kremlin, adjacent to the Moscow /Shc:hclkovo Airfield I I Shc:helkovo is the prima· ry trainina facility for Soviet cosmonauts and con· sisu or a housina and support area and a tralnins and research area. Shchelko,·o. also known as the Star City, Is one of the moSI open facilities in the Soviet Union and has been visited by liS astro· nauts, space scientists, and ncv.·spaper and mas•· zinc correspondents.

7. {TSR) The cosmonauts and their families live on site. The bousins and support aru contains II apartment buildinas. two of which (items 16 and 2,, Figure 2 and Table I) were still under construe:· tlon; a kindcrsartcn/nurs~ry (item 19); an lntermc· diate sc:hool (item 7): and recreation, entertain· ment, and commercial centers (items 4, 8, and 23) for usc by cosmonauts, support personnel, and their families. This ~rea also c:ontains a reception/· administration buildins (item I) and a probable visitors quarten (item 32). The probable visitors quarters was one or a complu or buildinss ob· served under construction In mid·l973 by a corre• spondent for a US masuine. At thlt time the quarters wu reported to be a "hotel and dormitory complex, on the shore or a new man-made lake, Cor US astronauts. technicians and officials" in sup· port of the joint liS-Soviet. Apollo-Soyuz Test Proaram. • The completed Ooorspacc of the hous· ins and suppon area as of I I was 109.319 square meters with another 9, 702 square meters under construction.

8. The training and re· search area contains trainins equipment and fac:ill.' tics for seneral space fliaht orientation, traininB for a spec:inc: mission, u well as ph)·sical c:ondi· tionina. Facilities available in the training and research area include 1 wo centrifuaes (items 69 and

---rJJ""dr,-i- Soyuz stmulator (nem 70r,a-protii61C Salyut simulator (item 81), and a probable neutral bouyanc:y tcSI/trainina facility (item 75). ~-• Physi· cal conditionins and athletic facilities arc in the southeast corner of the trainina and research area and include a soccer field encirc:led b)' a track, tennis courts. outdoor basketball courts, and a probable B> mnasium (item 63). r\ skcct range is in the north-central portion of the trainins and re· search area. The trainina and research area con· tains 61.806 square meters of noorspac:e "ith an additional 1.970 square meters under construc:lion.

9. 4 I ,\s the So,·iet's manned space nialit prosrams .ha,·e become more comple•. the prellight trainins for these progrums has be·

come more sophisticated. Prior to the lint manned Soyuz mission in 1967, cosmonaut trainins was rather simple and emphasized physical condition· ins. Yuri Gasarin, the first cosmonaut, rcceiYcd less than a month's trainins in a ccntrifuae and had very lillie simulated tralnina before the niaht.• This training probably took place at Shchelkovo. As the manned space flight proaram continued, new and better equipment was added. The larae centr1fuge section (item 73d) constructed between Oc:tobcr 1972 and April 1975 areatly advanced the SO\'iet capabilities In this type or trainina. The probuble Salyut simulator (Item 81) was also a major impro\'Cmcnt, and the conllructlon or the probable neutral bouyancy test/training facility added a simulation tec:hnique not used before at Shchelko\'o.

10. (TSR) Two new foundations which have been observed recently in the trainins and research area are probably intended to be used as trainina facilities for future manned spac:e niaht missions. One foundation (item 83) is a circular excavation ,.lth an outer diameter of! land an inner diameter of I I Four rcc:tansulat excava­tions elltcnd rrom the c:ircular foundalion and ilre set at 90 dearces from one anolhcr; each or these arc approximately I I The second new round Ilion (item 84) Is I I No spcc:ilic runction has been associated ,..ith this new construc:tlon.

Mosk-wa Space Research Facility Tomlllno

II. I I Moskva Space Re· search Facility Tomillno is in the suburb of Tomil· ino. approldmately 12 nm soulheast of Mosc:ow. The Tomilino facilily is responsible for research, dcvelopmenl, and testing of lire-supporl and safely equipmenl for nisht personnel and cosmonauts, includins space suiu. aniiJravlty suits, and ejection ieau1• TliCfacili1y hiillso been in~olvcd In eaperi­mcnts innstisatlng 1hc physioloalcal and psycho· loalcul effects or space conditions on human be· in1s. The principal facilities available to support Ibis work at Tomilino include a ccntrirugc and a man-rated vac:uum chamber installed durina 1962 11nd 1963 ,.hich has a reported altitude simulation capability of 100 kilometers.'

12. ITSRl Bct.,..cen .... ,--------.. Ia tolal o 1 8.111 square meters of

"n.-o_o_n_p_a-ce_"_.a_s .... added to Tomilino (Fisure 3 and Table 2). ,\ storage shed "" razed durins this period, and a shop buildins (item I). constructed in the CJSt end of the facility, replaced an administra· lion buildinJ. Research/laborator)' Space accounted

(Continued p. 6)

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REFERE~CES

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DOCOIENTS

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4. "So•·ict Space Center Bcin1 E.\pandcd," Donald C. \\'jns:on . .. hiar/o~ WttJ. and Sparr Tnlrnolot.t . 25 lun 71, pp 11·21 (U~CLASSIFIED)

'· AEDC/AFSC. I IAEDC-SW.OI-11.77, An O•'tnir~· of Sprl" S{'Qrt Clultnbn TulrnoloJ.'' •L •. Scp 17 (TOP SECRET I I

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II. PlcVUP PSI-II$OS.OQ8.19 OOd-Pra!l(llqnt Ttclrllol••l.''-for~IJn • (.'o, 16 Apr '79 (SECRET Q I J

RELATED DOCV~IEST

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