Activity 1-4 Customized Lab Manual

7/31/2019 Activity 1-4 Customized Lab Manual

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/activity-1-4-customized-lab-manual 1/27

1

Uao Phc}k Ekiihdh

Mfkelhnfus}v Iamk}ask}v

Exusknfrh Iamk}ask}v Naoxai

,Aesfzfsv 1.3&

D}kxp :. MNIU =J

Amxock) Ufnko Bkouko

Laikd) Bklo Aoslkov

Eaoagao) Ja}afca ]/Ckpiavoa) Rfppk}al

Pa}adhih) Gfnmh}iv Eiaf}h

Saouhek) Ga}ho



=

AESFZFSV 1A * 1M

UXMEHIIXIA] EKNPKOHOSU KJ SLH IFZFOD EHII

QXAIFSASFZH SHUS JK] SLH ELHNFEAI EKNPKOHOS KJ SLH EHII

F/ KMBHESFZHU2

Sk chsh}nfoh slh eknpkufsfko kj k}daohiihu/

Sk xoch}usaoc aoc app}hefash slh cfjjh}hos mfkelhnfeai uvushnu

sl}kxdl uhpa}asfod slh uxmehiixia} eknpkohosu kj a ehii/

Sk mh amih sk ph}jk}n cfjjh}hos qxaifsasfzh shusu uphefjfe jk}

ea}mklvc}ashu) p}kshfou) aoc ifpfcu/

Sk eknpa}h slh }hiasfzh ankxosu kj ea}mklvc}ashu) p}kshfou) aoc

ifpfcu/

FF/ UELHNASFE CFAD]AN ,1A&2

Taul kjj mikkc j}kn elfegho

ifzh} xufod a jht c}kpu kj 8(

SEA ,s}felik}kaehsfe aefc&/

Thfdl slh ifzh}/

Acc 8 nI kj uxuphocfodnhcfxn ph} d}an kj ifzh}/

Lknkdhofrh as ikt

.

Uhcfnhos 1 Uxph}oash 1

Ehos}fjxdh jk} 10

nfo/ aoc cheaos/

Uhcfnhos = Uxph}oash =

Ehos}fjxdh jk} 10

nfo/ aoc cheaos/

Acc 10 nI kj 8( SEA aoc

nf|/ Shus jk}

ea}mklvc}ashu) p}kshfou)

aoc ifpfcu/

Ehos}fjxdh jk} 10


nf|/ Shus jk} ea}mklvc}ashu)

p}kshfou) aoc ifpfcu/



5

UELHNASFE CFAD]AN ,1M&2

Shus jk} ea}mklvc}ashu

Nkifuel Shus

Shus jk} p}kshfou

Mfx}hs shus

Uhcfnhos 5 Uxph}oash 5


nf|/ Shus jk}


aoc ifpfcu/


nf|/ Shus jk}


aoc ifpfcu/

Sk 8 c}kpu kj

uhcfnhos+uxph}oash) acc

8 c}kpu Nkifuel }hadhos/

Ulagh

Iavh} tfsl 1 nI kj ekoe/

uxiplx}fe aefc/ Ph}jk}n

ekos}ki shus xufod 1(}fmkuh ukixsfko/

Sk 1 nI kj Mhohcfes‖u

ukixsfko) acc = c}kpu kj

slh uhcfnhos+uxph}oash/

Mkfi jk} = nfo/ aoc ekki/

Sk 8 c}kpu kj slhuhcfnhos+uxph}oash) acc 8

c}kpu kj 10( OaKL aoc 1

c}kp kj /8( ekpph} uxiplash/

Ph}jk}n ekos}ki shus xufod 1(

aimxnfo/

Piaeh 1 nI kj slhuhcfnhos+uxph}oash fo a shus

sxmh/

Acc 1 nI kj ekoe/ Ofs}fe aefc/

Lhas aoc kmuh}zh

ekikx} elaodh/

Ekki aoc acc 8

c}kpu kj annkofxn

lvc}k|fch/

Ekos/ uxp =

Mhohcfes‖u shus

\aoslkp}kshfe shus



3

Shus jk} ifpfcu

Uxcao shus

FFF/ ]HUXISU AOC KMUH]ZASFKO

SHUSU EKOS]KI H\PHESHC

]HUXISU

UHCFNHOS

1

UHCFNHOS

=

UHCFNHOS

5

UHCFNHOS

3

EA]MKLVC]ASHU 1(

]FMKUH

NKIFUEL PX]PIH PX]PIH . . . .

MHOHCFES‖U M]FEG

]HC

. . . .

P]KSHFOU 1(

AIMXNFO

MFX]HS ZFKIHS ' . . .

\AOSLKP]KSHFE VHIIKT ' . . .

IFPFCU 1(

IHEFSLFO

UXCAO ]HC ]HC . . ' .

AE]KIHFO AE]FC

KCK]

' ' . '

FZ/ AOAIVUFU AOC EKOEIXUFKO

Dxfch Qxhusfkou2

1/

Dfzh slh p}foefpih fozkizhc fo hael kj slh shus xuhc sk chsh}nfoh slh elhnfeaieknpkohosu kj slh k}daohiihu/

Nkifuel shus. chlvc}asfko kj slh ea}mklvc}ash mv uxiplx}fe aefc sk p}kcxeh ao aichlvch

Mhohcfes‖u shus. }hcxesfko kj ekpph} fkou mv }hcxefod uxda}u) tlfel slho eao mh

chsheshc mv slh jk}nasfko kj a m}feg }hc p}hefpfsash kj exp}kxu k|fch

Sk 8 c}kpu kj slh

uhcfnhos+uxph}oash)

acc 8 c}kpu kj Uxcao

Ph}jk}n ekos}ki shus

xufod 1( ihefslfo/

Piaeh /8 d/ Kj

pksauufxn mfuxiplash

fo a eihao) c}v shus

Acc a c}kp kj slh

uhcfnhos+uxph}oash

aoc lhas/ Oksh slh

kck} p}kcxehc/

Ae}kihfo shus



8

Mfx}hs shus. }hcxesfko kj ekpph} fkou tlfel slho eknpih|hu tfsl ofs}kdho asknu ko

phpsfch mkocu as lfdl pL

\aoslkp}kshfe shus. ofs}asfko kj mhorhoh }fod p}huhos fo slh us}xesx}h

Uxcao shus. amfifsv kj jas ehiiu sk uhihesfzhiv amuk}m pfdnhosu fo jas cvhu uxel au Uxcao FZ

Ae}kihfo shus. Tlhohzh} jas fu lhashc fo slh p}huhoeh kj a chlvc}asfod adhos) jas

nkihexihu ulhc diveh}ki fo slh jk}n kj slh xouasx}ashc aichlvch. ae}kihfo/

=/ H|piafo slh p}foefpih fozkizhc fo slh uhpa}asfko uelhnh jk} slh uxmehiixia} eknpkohosu/

Slh p}foefpih mhlfoc slh uhpa}asfko uelhnh fu cfjjh}hosfai ehos}fjxdasfko/ Sfuuxhu k} ehiiu a}h

jf}us lknkdhofrhc sk }hihauh slhf} fosh}oai ekoshosu/ Ia}dh} pa}sfeihu uhssih jaush} slao

unaiih} koh aoc slfu p}kzfchu slh maufu jk} kmsafofod e}xch k}daohiih j}aesfkou mv cfjjh}hosfai

ehos}fjxdasfko/

Z/ CKEXNHOSASFKO

2

Nkifuel shus2J}kn ihjs2 uhcfnhos 1) uhcfnhos =)

uxph}oash 5) uhcfnhos 5) ekos}ki

Mhohcfes‖u shus

J}kn ihjs2 uhcfnhos 1) uhcfnhos =)

uxph}oash 5) uhcfnhos 5

Mfx}hs shus2





:

\aoslkp}kshfe shus2



Uxcao shus2


uxph}oash 5) uhcfnhos 5) ekos}ki

Ae}kihfo shus2





4

Aesfzfsv =A

Qxaifsasfzh Shus jk} P}kshfou+ Ekik} ]haesfko Shus

F/ KMBHESFZHU

Sk chshes p}kshfou sl}kxdl slh cfjjh}hos ekik} }haesfko shusu/

Sk gokt slh ufdofjfeaoeh kj phpsfch mkocu aoc anfok aefcu fo chshesfod p}kshfou/

Sk xoch}usaoc slh p}foefpih mhlfoc hzh}v shus/

FF/ UELHNASFE CFAD]AN



<

FFF/ ]HUXISU AOC KMUH]ZASFKOU

Qxaifsasfzh shus Hdd Aimxnfo Ukixsfko H|pheshc

]huxisu ,'&

Nfiiko‖u shus Oks ph}jk}nhc Oks ph}jk}nhc M}feg }hc

\aoslkp}kshfe shus ' vhiikt vhiikt

Lkpgfou[ekih shus ' Zfkihs

Mfx}hs Shus ' zfkihs

Ofolvc}fo shus ' Mixh.zfkihs

Uagadxelf shus ' }hc


Dxfch Qxhusfkou2

1/ H|piafo slh p}foefpih fozkizhc fo hael kj slh shus

Nfiiko‖u Shus. Nfiiko$u }hadhos ,Ld+LOK5& dfzhu pkufsfzh }huxisu tfsl p}kshfou ekosafofod

slh plhokife anfok aefc ’sv}kufoh‖‖) slh p}hefpfsash sx}ou jihul sk }hc ekik}) fj p}kshfou

ekosafofod sv}kufoh a}h p}huhos/

\aoslkp}kshfe Shus. chsh}nfohc slh ankxos kj p}kshfo ukixmih fo a ukixsfko xufod ekoe/

ofs}fe aefc/ Slh shus dfzhu a pkufsfzh }huxis fo slkuh p}kshfou t+ anfok aefcu ea}}vfod

a}knasfe d}kxpu) hup/ sv}kufoh/ Slh p}kkj fu ohxs}aifrhc t+ ao aigaif) sx}ofod ca}g vhiikt/

Lkpgfo‖u Ekih Shus. Slh}h tau a zfkihs ekik} p}kcxehc as slh pkfos kj ekosaes/S}vpskplao lau ao fockih oxeihxu tlfel fu }hupkoufmih jk} slh zfkihs }fod jkxoc as slh

bxoesfko mhsthho slh stk iavh}u/

Mfx}hs Shus. ]hcxesfko kj Ex=' tlfel slho eknpih|hu tfsl slh O asknu ko slh phpsfch

mkocu as lfdl pL/

Ofolvc}fo Shus. Anfok Aefc ekosafofod a j}hh anfok d}kxp aoc a j}hh ea}mk|vife aefc

d}kxp slas }haes skdhslh} tfsl ofolvc}fo sk p}kcxeh ekik}hc p}kcxesu/ D}kxp ko slh

aipla.ea}mko aoc eao }haes tfsl ofolvc}fo sk p}kcxeh mixh px}pih p}kcxes/

Uagadxelf Shus. Fo aigaifoh ukixsfko) p}kshfo ekosafofod A}dfofoh dfzhu }hc ekik} tfsl

Aipla.Oapslki aoc ukcfxn lvpkelik}fch/



6

Z/ CKEXNHOSASFKO

P}hpa}asfko kj Hdd Aimxnfo ukixsfko

Shus }huxisu/ J}kn ihjs2 Uagadxelf shus) Ofolvc}fo shus) \aoslkp}kshfe shus) Lkpgfou ―ekih shus)

Mfx}hs shus



10

AESFZFSV =M

P]HEFPFSASFKO SHUS JK] P]KSHFOU

F/ KMBHESFZHU

Sk kmuh}zh slh }haesfzfsv kj }hadhosu * ukixsfkou fo hael shus

Sk gokt slh p}aesfeai }haesfkou fo hael shus

Sk Fchosfjv aoc kmuh}zh slh p}hefpfsash fo hael shus tlfel vfhic a pkufsfzh }huxis/

FF/ FF/ UELHNASFE CFAD]AN

A/ P}hefpfsasfko ]haesfko mv Ekoehos}ashc Nfoh}ai aoc K}daofe Aefcu

M/ P}hefpfsasfko mv Nhsaiife Uaisu

E/ P}hefpfsasfko kj Aigaikfcai ]hadhosu

C/ P}hefpfsasfko mv Aieklki

Piaeh 1ni kj Hdd Aimxnfo fo hael kj slh 3 shus sxmhu

Acc 8 c}kpu kj

Ekoe/ Uxijx}fe

Acc 8 c}kpu kj Ekoe/

LEi

Acc 8 c}kpu Diaefai

LAe

Acc 8 c}kpu kj Ofs}fe

Aefc


Acc 1ni kj Cfi/

Nh}ex}fe Aefc

Acc 1ni Cfi/

Ihac Aehsash

Acc 1ni Cfi/

Ma}fxn Elik}fch

Acc 1ni Cfi/

Ekpph} Uxijash

Acc 1ni Cfi/

Jh}}fe Elik}fch


.Acc 1ni kj

Pfe}fe Aefc

Uki‖o

.

.Acc 1ni kj

Plkuplksxodusfe

Aefc

.Lhas

.Acc 1ni kj

Saoofe Aefc

.Lhas

. Acc 1ni kj

SAE Aefc

.Lhas

Piaeh fo hael kj slh 5 shus sxmhu 8ni kj 68( Aieklki

.Acc 5 c}kpu

kj Hdd Aimxnfo

.Acc = c}kpu

kj 10( OaKL

.Acc 5 c}kpu

kj Hdd Aimxnfo

.Acc = c}kpu

kj Cfi/ LEi

.Acc 5 c}kpu

kj Hdd Aimxnfo



11

H/ Ekadxiasfko kj Lhas

J/ Shus jk} Choasx}hc+Ekadxiashc P}kshfou

FFF/ ]huxisu aoc Kmuh}zasfko2

E/ P}hefpfsasfko mv Aigaikfcai ]hadhosu

Elhnfeaiu ]huxisu aoc Kmuh}zasfkou

Pfe}fe Aefc ,'& Vhiiktful Uki‖o+P}hefpfsash

S}felik}kaehsfe Aefc ,'& Tlfsful Uki‖o+P}hefpfsash

Saoofe Aefc ,'& M}ktoful Uki‖o+P}hefpfsash

Plkuplksxodusfe Aefc ,'& Tlfsful Uki‖o+P}hefpfsash

C/ P}hefpfsasfko mv Aieklki]huxisu aoc Kmuh}zasfkou

68( Hslvi Aieklki'Cfi/LEi ,.& Eikxcv Ukixsfko+P}hefpfsash

68( Hslvi Aieklki'10(OaKL ,.& Eiha} Ukixsfko+P}hefpfsash

68( Hslvi Aieklki ,'& Tlfsful) Eikxcv Uki‖o+P}hefpfsash

H/ Ekadxiasfko mv Lhas

]huxisu aoc Kmuh}zasfkou

8nI aimxnfo uki‖o ' LAE ,'& Tlfsh Eikxcv P}hefpfsash


Uxuphochc

p}hefpfsash

Nfiiko‖u Shus \aoslkp}kshfe Shus Mfx}hs Shus Lkpgfou.Ekih Shus

Pfe}fe aefc Oks

ph}jk}nhc

,'& ,.& ,.&

S}felik}kaehsfe

aefc

,.& ,.& ,.&

Saoofe aefc ,.& ,'& ,.&

Plkuplksxousfe

aefc

,.& ,.& ,.&

Lhas sk Mkfifod 8ni kj Aimxnfo Ukixsfko

Acc = C}kpu kj Aehsfe Aefc

Piaeh 5ni kj hael shus sxmhUxuphoc hael p}hefpfsash

fo 10 ni kj Cfusfiihc Tash}

Ph}jk}n slh jkiiktfod shusu7

a& Nfiiiko‖u Shus

m& \aoslkp}kshfe Shus

e& Mfx}hs Shus

c& Lkpgfou.Ekih Shus



1=


Dxfch Qxhusfkou2

1/ Dfzh slh p}foefpihu fozkizhc fo hael kj slh shusu/

A/ P}hefpfsasfko }haesfko mv ekoehos}ashc nfoh}ai aoc k}daofe aefc

Uais m}fcdhu }huxis j}kn slh ohxs}aifrasfko kj ao aefc aoc anfoh ko ufch elafou/ Slh jfoai

fosh}aesfko fu fkofe mhsthho slh pkufsfzh annkofxn d}kxp aoc slh ohdasfzh aefc d}kxp/

Aov eknmfoasfko kj slh za}fkxu aefcfe k} anfoh anfok aefc ufch elafou tfii lazh slfu

hjjhes/ Au nfdls mh h|pheshc) aefcu aoc mauhu cfu}xps uais m}fcdhu lhic skdhslh} mv fkofe

ela}dhu/ A svph kj ckxmih }hpiaehnhos }haesfko keex}u tlh}h slh pkufsfzh aoc ohdasfzh

fkou fo slh uais elaodh pa}soh}u tfsl slh pkufsfzh aoc ohdasfzh fkou fo slh oht aefc k}

mauh acchc/

M/ P}hefpfsasfko mv nhsaiife uaisu

P}kshfou a}h p}hefpfsashc mv uaisu kj lhazv nhsaiu) uxel au nh}ex}fe elik}fch) rfoe

uxijash)hse/ fo thag aigaifoh ukixsfkou) p}kshfo nkihexihu ea}}v ohdasfzh ela}dhu aoc

eknmfoh tfsl pkufsfzhiv ela}dhc nhsai fkou sk jk}n foukixmih uaisu tlfel p}hefpfsash

j}kn slh ukixsfko/ Slh p}hefpfsashc p}kshfou a}hchoasx}hc aoc slfu p}kehuu fu

f}}hzh}ufmih/

E/ P}hefpfsasfko mv aigaikfcai }hadhosu

Aigaikfcai }hadhosu ,h/d/ saoofe aefc * s}felik}kaehsasfe aefc& a}h lfdl nkihexia} thfdls

aofkou/ Slh ohdasfzh ela}dh kj slhuh aofkou ekxosh}aesu slh pkufsfzh ela}dh kj slh

anfok d}kxp fo p}kshfou dfzfod a p}hefpfsash/

C/ P}hefpfsasfko mv Aieklki

Aieklki choasx}hu p}kshfou mv cfu}xpsfod slh ufch elafo fos}ankihexia} lvc}kdho

mkocfod/ Oht lvc}kdho mkocu a}h jk}nhc foushac mhsthho slh oht aieklki nkihexih

aoc slh p}kshfo ufch elafou/

Tlh}h ckhu slh na|/ p}hefpfsasfko keex}; 5}c sxmh/H/ Ekadxiasfko mv Lhas

Slh }huxis tau ekadxiasfko kj slh aimxnfo ukixsfko/ Hdd.tlfsh fu jafosiv aigaifoh/

Eknpihsh p}hefpfsasfko saghu piaeh koiv fo jafosiv aefc ukixsfko/ Slh shnph}asx}h as

tlfel ekadxiasfko saghu piaeh chphocu sk a ia}dh h|shos ko slh ankxos kj aefc aoc kj

uaisu p}huhos


Slh sh}n choasx}asfko fu xuhc nk}h j}hqxhosiv slao ekadxiasfko mv uefhosfjfe

fozhusfdask}u as slh p}huhos sfnh sk choksh eh}safo elaodhu fo p}kshfou/ Chjfofsh

ela}aesh}fusfeu kj slh p}kshfou a}h elaodhc tlho slhv a}h ekadxiashc) ankod tlfel fu

ikuu kj ukixmfifsv fo tash} aoc cfixsh uais ukixsfkou/ Fo uknh fousaoehu aoc xoch} eh}safo

ekocfsfkou slh ekadxiasfko p}kehuu nav mh }hzh}ufmih/ Naooh} fo tlfel choasx}asfko

nav mh m}kxdls amkxs/ Ekadxiasfko kj p}kshfou nav mh m}kxdls amkxs mv a za}fhsv kj

p}kehuuhu/ Mxs fo accfsfko sk lhas slh aesfko kj aefcu) aigaifhu) uaisu) aieklki) nhelaofeai

adfsasfko) }acfasfko) aoc xis}a.ukofe zfm}asfkou nav choasx}h slh p}kshfo aoc ekozh}s fs

j}kn a ukixmih fosk foukixmih jk}n thfdls aofkou/ Slh ohdasfzh ela}dh kj slhuh aofkou

ekxosh}aesu slh pkufsfzh ela}dh kj slh anfok d}kxp fo p}kshfou dfzfod a p}hefpfsash/

Slh}hjk}h) hzho a p}kshfo fu choasx}hc fs tfii usfii dfzh a pkufsfzh }huxis j}kn slh

Qxaifsasfzh kj p}kshfou/

=.5/ Xufod nfig au shus ukixsfko) lkt tfii vkx p}kzh slas nfig fu a p}kshfo; Ulkt a uelhnasfe

cfad}an sk a}}fzh as vkx} aouth}/

Mfx}hs ukixsfko fu xuhc sk fchosfjv slh p}huhoeh kj p}kshfo/ Mfx}hs }hadhos fu a mixhukixsfko slas) tlho fs }haesu tfsl p}kshfo) tfii elaodh ekik} sk pfog.px}pih/

P}kehcx}h2

Sk a shus sxmh) acc 30 c}kpu kj nfig ukixsfko

Acc 5 c}kpu kj Mfx}hs }hadhos

Ulagh dhosiv sk nf|



15

Oksh ekik} elaodh

P}kshfou tfii sx}o slh ukixsfko fosk pfog.px}pih

Uelhnasfe Cfad}an2

Sk a shus sxmh) acc 30 c}kpu kj nfig uki‖o

Acc 5 c}kpu kj Mfx}hs }hadhos

,ukcfxn lvc}k|fch 10( * ekpph} uxijash 0/8(&

Ulagh dhosiv sk nf|

Elaodh fo ekik} kj uki‖o sk

pfog.px}pih ekojf}nu p}huhoeh kj p}kshfo

Z/ CKEXNHOSASFKO

P}hefpfsasfko mv Aieklki

J}kn ihjs2 OaKl) LEI) ohxs}ai

P}hpa}asfko kj Hdd Aimxnfo ukixsfko



13

Lkpgfo‖u.Ekih Shus

J}kn ihjs2 Saoofe aefc) SEA) Pfe}fe aefc)

Plkuplksxodusfe aefc

Mfx}hs Shus

J}kn ihjs2 Pfe}fe aefc) Saoofe aefc)

SEA) Plkuplksxodusfe aefc

\aosl}kp}kshfe ShusJ}kn ihjs2 Pfe}fe aefc)

Plkuplksxodusfe aefc) SEA) saoofe

aefc

P}hefpfsasfko mv Aigaikfcai }hadhos

J}kn ihjs2 plkupksxodusfe aefc)

Pfe}fe aefc) Saoofe aefc) SEA



18

Aesfzfsv 5A

Horvnhu

F/ KMBHESFZHU

Sk mh amih sk gokt slh p}kph}sfhu kj ao horvnh

Sk mh amih sk shus slh p}huhoeh kj ao horvnh

Sk mh amih sk shus slh uphefjfefsv kj ao horvnh


P}hpa}asfko kj pksask h|s}aes

j

Pksask ,Phhihc&

D}ash+mihoch}hc ,100ni

kj cfusfiihc L=K&

Us}afo

,sl}kxdl elhhuh eiksl&

Jfish}

,slh h|s}aes sl}kxdl jfish}

a h}

Ihs fs usaoc jk} 10 nfo aoc Usf} Keeaufkoaiiv

Mfx}hs shus

1 ni kj h|s}aes

Acc 1 ni 0/8( Mhorfcfoh

Lkic a upifosh} kzh} slh

nkxsl kj slh sxmh

Nf| 1 ni kj 5( L=K=

8 ni kj h|s}aes

Shus jk} easaiauh aesfzfsv

nf|/

acc =.5 c}kpu kj

Ekpph} uxijash

Acc = ni 10( OaKL

ukio



1:

P}hpa}asfko kj cfixsh ukixsfko kj uaifza}v anviauh

Uphefjfefsv kj Horvnh Aesfko

]fouh slh ekiihesk}‖u nkxsl

uhzh}ai sfnhu tfsl tash}

Shus sxmh 1

= ni 0/0= N plkuplash

mxjjh} ,pL :/4& aoc 1 ni 0/6(

Ukcfxn elik}fch uki‖o

Shus sxmh =

= ni 0/0= N plkuplash mxjjh}

,pL :/4& aoc 1 ni 0/6(

Ukcfxn elik}fch uki‖o

P}hpa}h 12< ukixsfko kj uaifza

mv accfod 10 c}kpu ,0/=8 ni&

uaifza tfsl =0 ni tash}

Ekiihes 1 ni kj uaifza

Xuh jk} shus

Usf} slh nf|sx}h

Usaoc jk} 18 nfoxshu @ }kkn

shnph}asx}h/

Acc 1 ni 1( divekdho aoc 1

ni uaifza}v anviauh uki‖o

Acc 1 ni ekkghc usa}el aoc 1

ni uaifza}v anviauh uki‖o

]HPHAS AS 8 NFOXSHU

FOSH]ZAI JK] 1 LKX]/

Acc 1 c}kp kj Fkcfoh uki‖o/

kmuh}zhc ekik} p}kcxehc/

Fo hael shus sxmh piaeh 1 c}kp

kj slh ukixsfko fo a upks piash



14


]huxis H|pheshc ]huxis

Mfx}hs shus ' ,zfkihs& zfkihs

Shus jk} Easaivuh aesfzfsv

.upifosh} . Pkkpfod ukxoc

.mhorfcfoh . Mixh.d}hho ekik}asfko

Shus jk} uphefjfefsv kj Horvnh aesfko

Sfnh ,nfoxshu& Shus sxmh 1 Shus sxmh =

8 ' d}hho . Ok elaodhu fo

ekik} kmuh}zhc10 ' Ca}gh} d}hho t+px}pih

ekik}asfko

.

18 ' D}hho tfsl

ca}gh} px}pih

ekik}asfko

.

=0 ' Ihuuh} d}hho aoc

px}pih ekik}

.

=8 ' P}huhoeh kj

d}aoxih ifgh

uxmuasoeh

50 ' Ihuuh} d}hho aoc

px}pih ekik}

.

58 ' Ihuuh} d}hho aoc

px}pih ekik}

30 ' Nxel Ihuuh}

d}hho aoc

px}pih ekik}

.

38 ' d}hho .

80 ' Ihuuh} d}hho

ekik}

.

88 ' Ainkus k}aodh .

:0 ' Ainkus k}aodh .


Dxfch Qxhusfko2

1/ Dfzh slh p}foefpih fozkizhc fo Mfx}hs shus/

Mfx}hs shus fu mauhc ko slh amfifsv kj Ex ,FF& fkou sk jk}n a zfkihs.ekik}hc elhiash eknpih|

tfsl phpsfch mkocu ,.EKOL.d}kxpu& fo aigaifoh ekocfsfkou/

=/ Lkt tfii vkx p}kzhc slh p}huhoeh kj easaiauh; Ulkt elhnfeai hqxasfko/

A }apfc appha}aoeh kj uxusafohc dau mxmmihu fu ao focfeasfko kj slh p}huhoeh kj a

easaiauh/

= L=K= ↝ = L=K ' K=

5/ Lkt tfii vkx p}kzh slh uphefjfe asfko kj uaifza}v anviauh;



1<

Horvnhu a}h ok}naiiv zh}v uphefjfe) easaivrfod as nkus koiv a jht svphu kj elhnfeai }haesfkou/

Slh horvnh anviauh aesu ko slh uxmus}ash usa}el easaivrfod fsu m}hag ckto fosk ufnpih

uxda}u/ Anviauh tfii oks easaivrh slh m}hagckto kj slh eknpih| uxda} uxe}kuh fosk ufnpih

uxda}u/ Focfeask}u eao mh xuhc sk shus jk} slh p}huhoeh kj slhuh }haesfkou ifgh fkcfoh ukixsfko/fo

slh fkcfoh shus) anvikuh fo slh usa}el ,us}afdls elafo& jk}nu lhifehu tlh}h fkcfoh nkihexihu

auuhnmih aoc jk}nfod mixh.miaeg ekik}/ Tlfih anvikphesfo ,m}aoelhc pk}sfko& fo divekdho jk}nu

nxel ulk}sh} lhifehu aoc fkcfoh a}h xoamih sk auuhnmih aoc koiv jk}nfod k}aodh+vhiikt lxh/

Z/ CKEXNHOSASFKO

P}hpa}asfko kj pksask h|s}aes Shusfod dau hzkixsfko mv upifosh}

]huxisu jk} Mxf}hs aoc easaiauh shus Uaifza}v anviauh ukixsfko



16

Shus jk} uphefjfefsv kj horvnh

SHUS SXMH 1 ,ekkghc usa}el&

SHUS SXMH = ,1( DIVEKDHO&



=0

Ph}jk}n Fkcfoh shus as 18nfou fosh}zai jk} 1l}/

P}hpa}h 5 shus sxmhu hael lazfod 8ni/

1( ekkghc usa}s ukio '1ni uaifza/

Shus sxmh % 12 Tash} masl fo

30²E/

Shus sxmh %=2 Tash} masl fo

:0²E/

Shus sxmh %52 Tash} masl fo

10²E/

Sagh a c}kp ajsh} usf}}fod aoc shus

tfsl Fkcfoh ukio/


tfsl Fkcfoh ukio/


tfsl Fkcfoh ukio/

P}hpa}h 3 shus sxmhu

ekosafofod hqxai

ansu kj hdd tlfsh/

Shus sxmh %12 8ni =(

phpufo ' 10 c}kp 0/3(

LEi/

Shus sxmh %=2 8ni =(

phpufo ' 10 c}kp

0/3( Oa=EK5/


paoe}hasfo ' 10 c}kp

0/3( LEi/


paoe}hasfo ' 10 c}kp

0/3( Oa=EK5/

Ph}jk}n Mfx}hs shus

kj 1ni uxph}oasaos

ifqxfc/

Ph}jk}n Mfx}hs shus

kj 1ni uxph}oasaos

ifqxfc/

Ph}jk}n Mfx}hs shus

kj 1ni uxph}oasaos

ifqxfc/

Ph}jk}n Mfx}hs shus

kj 1ni uxph}oasaos

ifqxfc/

Tash} masl shus sxmhu @ 30²E

Nhaux}h lhfdls kj ekadxiasfko jk} hael shus sxmh Ekadxiash fo lks tash} masl/

Chsh}nfoh pL kj hael uanpih

AESFZFSV 5M

JAESK]U AJJHESFOD HORVNH AESFKO

F/ KMBHESFZHU

Sk eknpihshiv ph}jk}n shusu }hda}cfod slh jaesk}u ajjhesfod horvnh aesfko/

Sk h|anfoh aoc h|piafo slh hjjhes kj shnph}asx}h ko horvnh/

Sk chsh}nfoh slh h|shos kj cfdhusfko kj horvnh sl}kxdl aefc aoc mauh ukixsfkou tfsl

a ekos}kiihc shnph}asx}h/

Sk zh}fjv slh uphefjfe pL sl}kxdl slh xuh kj pL paph}/ Sk eknpa}h slh kmsafohc p}kcxes

tfsl slh usaoca}c ukixsfko/


Hjjhes kj Shnph}asx}h2

Hjjhes kj pL2

Nhaux}h cfdhusfko kj hael uanpih



=1


Hjjhes kj Shnph}asx}h2

Hjjhes kj pL2

Shus Sxmh Nhaux}hnhos

,mhjk}h

lhasfod&

Nhaux}h

nhos

,ajsh}

lhasfod&

pL Ekik} H|pheshc

ekik}

]huxis

Ok/1 Phpufo '

LEi

51en 50en : M}kto tfsl s}aehu

kj px}pih ekik}

Px}pih

'

Ok/ = Phpufo

' Oa=EK5

51en =6en 6 M}kto tfsl s}aehu

kj px}pih ekik}

Px}pih

'

Ok/ 5

Paoe}hasfo '

LEi

51en 50en : Px}pih Px}pih

'

Ok/ 3

Paoe}hasfo '

Oa=EK5

51en 50en 6 Px}pih Px}pih

'

Ok/ 8

Ekos}kiihc

. . . . Px}pih '

Shnph}asx}h 18nfou 50nfou 38nfou :0nfou ]huxis

Kmsafohc

Ekik}

H|pheshc

Ekik}

Ekik} H|pheshc

Ekik}

Ekik} H|pheshc

Ekik}

Ekik} H|pheshc

Ekik}

Shus Sxmh %1

@30 ²E

Pktch}

Mixh

Mixh miaeg

k}

uknhslfod

ca}g fo

ekik}

Ifdls

Mixh

Mixh miaeg

k}

uknhslfod

ca}g fo

ekik}

Nkuuv

D}hho

Mixh miaeg

k}

uknhslfod

ca}g fo

ekik}

Nkuuv

D}hho

Mixh miaeg

k}

uknhslfod

ca}g fo

ekik}

18nfo 50nfo 38nfo :0nfo

. . '+. '+.

Shus Sxmh %=

@ :0 ²E

Ca}g

Mixh K}aodh k}

uknhslfod

ifdls fo

ekik}

Ca}g

Mixh K}aodh k}

uknhslfod

ifdls fo

ekik}

Ca}g

Mixh7

s}aehu

kj

vhiikt

ekik}

K}aodh k}

uknhslfod

ifdls fo

ekik}

Ca}g

Mixh7

s}aehu

kj

vhiikt

ekik}

K}aodh k}

uknhslfod

ifdls fo

ekik}

. . . .

Shus Sxmh %5

@ 10 ²E

Ca}g

Mixh

Mixh miaeg

k}

uknhslfod

ca}g fo

ekik}

Mixh Mixh miaeg

k}

uknhslfod

ca}g fo

ekik}

D}hho Mixh miaeg

k}

uknhslfod

ca}g fo

ekik}

Mixh Mixh miaeg

k}

uknhslfod

ca}g fo

ekik}

' ' ' '



==


Dxfch Qxhusfko2

1/ H|piafo slh nhelaofun kj horvnh aesfko as za}vfod shnph}asx}hu/ Dfzh slh p}foefpih fozkizhc/

Mhfod a p}kshfo) ao horvnh fu choasx}hc as lfdl shnph}asx}h aoc mheknhu foaesfzh/ Fofsfaiiv au

slh shnph}asx}h foe}hauhu) slh }ash kj horvnasfe }haesfko aiuk foe}hauhu mxs fs lau a ifnfsasfko/

Tlho slh shnph}asx}h ajjhesu slh nkihexia} us}xesx}h kj slh horvnh fs dhsu foaesfzashc/

=/ Lkt ckhu cfjjh}hos pL ajjhes horvnh aesfko; H|piafo vkx} }huxisu xufod slfu p}foefpih/ Cfuexuu

Fukhihes}fe pL kj horvnh aesfko/

Horvnhu a}h pfegv tfsl pL ihzhiu) au slhv a}h tfsl hzh}v slfod hiuh/ Slhv lazh ao kpsfnai ihzhi

as tlfel slhv tk}g slh mhus) aoc aovslfod amkzh k} mhikt slas ihzhi) slhf} aesfzfsv mhdfou sk

uikt ckto xosfi slhv ulxs ckto aii skdhslh}/

Z/ CKEXNHOSASFKO

Ajsh} lhasfod as ekos}kiihc shnph}asx}h

,j}kn Ihjs sk ]fdls&2

Paoe}hasfo ,Oa=EK5&) Paoe}hasfo,LEi&) Phpufo

,Oa=EK5&) Phpufo ,LEi&

Mfx}hs Shus Ph}jk}nhc ,j}kn Ihjs sk

]fdls&2

Phpufo ,LEi&) Phpufo ,Oa=EK5&) 0/8(

phpskoh usaoca}c) Paoe}hasfo ,Oa=EK5&)

Paoe}hasfo LEi

Ihjs ufch Upks piash ,j}kn skp sk mksskn&2 :0²E

18nfou) 50nfou) 38nfou) :0nfou/

]fdls ufch Upks piash xpph} pk}sfko ,j}kn ihjs

sk }fdls&210²E

18nfou) 50nfou) 38nfou) :0nfou/

]fdls ufch Upks piash ikth} pk}sfko ,j}kn ihjs

sk }fdls&2 30²E

18nfou) 50nfou) 38nfou) :0nfo/



=5

Aesfzfsv 3

Oxeihfe Aefc

F/ KMBHESFZHU

Sk mh amih sk p}hpa}h oxeihfe aefc aoc ph}jk}n slh cfjjh}hos shusu jk} fs/

Sk xoch}usaoc slh p}foefpih mhlfoc hzh}v shus/

Sk mh amih sk elhnfeai }haesfkou mhlfoc hzh}v p}foefpih/


Ifzh}

Lknkdhofrh tfsl 1 zkixnh kj tash}

1 ni lknkdhoash ' 8( SEA ,usf}&

Ehos}fjxdh ,8 nfoxshu&

]hufcxh+uhcfnhos ' aieklki.hslh} nf|sx}h ,5210&

Uxuphoc tfsl 4 ni SEA

Lhas as 60°E ,18 nfou&

Uxph}oasaos

nagh x a zkixnh sk 10 ni

Ekki aoc ehos}fjxdh

Shus jk} Px}foh K}efoki shus jk} Phoskuh K}efoki shus jk} Phoskuh Shus jk}

Plkuplashu

P}hpa}asfko kj Oxeihfe Aefc



=3

1 ni =O aehsash mxjjh}

A/

M/ E/

C/

Piaeh fo mkfifod tash}10 c}kpu 10 ( ekpph} uxijash

' 8 c}kpu uas/ ukcfxn

Lhas fo a tash}

masl jk} a jht

nfoxshu/

0/8 ni uanpih ' 1

ni tash}

1 ni k}efoki }hadhos

Lhas fo tash} masl/

K}efoki shus jk} Phoskuh Cfplhoviaiaofoh shus jk}

Chk|v}fmkuh

1 ni uanpih ' 1 ni

cfplhoviaiaofoh }hadhos

Lhas ,8 nfoxshu& fo mkfifod

tash} masl/ Ekki

Shus jk}

Plkuplashu

F ni uanpih ' 8

c}kpu OLK5

8 c}kpu

Annkofxn

nnkivmchoash

ukio/ Lhas

Piaeh fo tash} masl jk} =0

nfoxshu

1 ni ukixsfko ' 1

ni =O LEI

Shus jk} Px}foh

1 ni kj tash} ' 1

ni =O LEI



=8


Shus H|ph}fnhosai ]huxis H|pheshc ]huxis

Shus jk} Px}foh Shus sxmh 1

.

Shus sxmh =

.

Tlfsh+sao jikeexihos pps

K}efoki shus jk} Phoskuhu . d}hho

Cfplhoviaiaofoh shus jk}

chk|v}fmkuh

'

mixh

Shus jk} plkuplashu . vhiikt


Dxfch qxhusfkou2

1/ Cfuexuu slh cfjjh}hos shus xuhc fo slh h|ph}fnhos

shus jk} px}foh . Slh OaLUK5 }hcxehu Ex=' sk Ex'/ Fosh}aesfko kj px}fohu tfsl Ex'

}huxisu fo p}hefpfsasfko kj foukixmih vhiikt.tlfsh eknpih|/

K}efoki shus jk} phoskuhu. slh maufu kj slfu shus }hifhu ko slh ekozh}ufko kj phoskuh uxda})

}fmkuh) p}huhos fo slh ]OA fosk jx}jx}ai fo slh p}huhoeh kj lks aefc/ Jx}jx}ai }haesu tfsl

k}efoki fo slh p}huhoeh kj jh}}fe elik}fch sk dfzh a d}hho ekik}/ Slh foshoufsv kj slh ekik}

p}kcxehc chphocu ko slh ekoehos}asfkou kj LEI) jh}}fe elik}fch aoc k}efoki) au thii auslh cx}asfko kj mkfifod/

Cfplhovianfoh shus jk} chk|v}fmkuh. COA ekosafou chk|v}fmkuh/ COA eao mh fchosfjfhc

elhnfeaiiv tfsl slh Cfuelh cfplhovianfoh shus/ Slh }haesfko mhsthho slh Cfuelh

}hadhos aoc =.chk|vphoskuh }huxisu fo slh chzhikpnhos kj a mixh ekik}/ Slh }haesfko

chphocu ko slh ekozh}ufko kj slh phoskuh sk t.lvc}k|viahzxifofe aichlvch tlfel slho

}haesu tfsl cfplhovianfoh sk dfzh a a mixh ekik}hc eknpih|/ Slh foshoufsv kj slh mixh

ekik} fu p}kpk}sfkoai sk slh ekoehos}asfko kj COA/ Cfuelh }hadhos ckhu oks }haes tfsl

slh }fmkuh uxda} fo ]OA aoc ckhu oks jk}n a mixh.ekik}hc eknpih|/

Shus jk} plkuplashu. Fo slh shus jk} p}huhoeh kj plkuplashu jk} COA) a vhiikt

p}hefpfsash fu kmsafo/ Slh annkofxn nkivmcash ukixsfko }haeshc tfsl slh uanpih tlfel

vfhicu vhiikt e}vusaiu) plkuplkannkofxn nkivmcash) tlfel fu a pkufsfzh }huxis /

=/ Ulkt elhnfeai hqxasfkou/ Dfzh slh p}foefpih/

shus jk} px}foh . Slh OaLUK5 }hcxehu Ex=' sk Ex'/ Fosh}aesfko kj px}fohu tfsl Ex'

}huxisu fo p}hefpfsasfko kj foukixmih vhiikt.tlfsh eknpih|/



=:

k}efoki shus jk} phoskuhu .Chk|v}fmkuh ,ekosafohc fo COA& fu ekozh}shc

fosklvc}k|vihtxifofe aichlvch tlho lhashc fo ekoehos}ashc L=UK3/ Slfu aichlvch

}haesu tfsl cfplhovianfoh jk}nfod mixh ekikx} eknpih|/

Cfplhovianfoh shus jk} chk|v}fmkuh. slfu }haesfkou chphocu ko slh ekozh}ufko kj slh

phoskuh sk t.lvc}k|viahzxifofe aichlvch tlfel slho }haesu tfsl cfplhoviaianfoh sk

dfzh a mixh ekik}hc eknpih|/

shus jk} plkuplashu. lvc}kivufu kj pv}kplkuplash sk plkuplash jk}nfod a vhiikt

p}hefpfsash

LPK3=.

,aq& ' 1=NkK3=.

,aq& ' 5OL3'

,aq& ' =5L5K'

,aq& ,OL3&5WP,Nk5K10&3^,vhiikt) u&



Z/ CKEXNHOSASFKO

P}hpa}asfko kj oxeihfe aefcu ,ajsh} slh1us

ehos}fjxdasfko& Slh jfoai shus ukixsfkou ,uxph}oash&

]huxisu2 Shus jk} Px}foh ]huxis2 K}efoki Shus

]huxis2 Cfplhoviaianfoh Shus ]huxis2 Shus jk} plkuplashu

Documents

Activity 1-4 Customized Lab Manual