ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE

ACTIVE PASSIVE

Subject of the sentence performs the action.

Janet broke the window. Correct Good for writing clear,

strong sentences.

Subject of the sentence receives the action.

The window was broken by Janet.

Also correct, but often not the best way to write your sentences.

Good if you really want to de-emphasize the subject (e.g. “Your pizza has all been eaten.” vs. “I ate all your pizza.”

ACTIVE OR PASSIVE?

I am writing to report an incident at work. On Monday, we mopped the floors of the

restaurant. Brandy slipped when she was carrying out

food. The food was spilled all over one of our

patrons. The patron screamed at us for four minutes. When the patron’s food came out, beetles had

been placed in his salad.

Author and/or editor names. “Article name.” Title of the Website. Publisher information. Date you accessed the material.

FOCUS #5 SENTENCE COMBINING

Atticus thinks Mrs. Dubose is brave. She is the bravest person he has ever

known. This is because she broke herself of her

addiction. She was addicted to morphine. She wanted to end her addiction before

she died.

MAKE THESE SENTENCES ESSAY WORTHY! Atticus compared racism to madness

when he was talking to Uncle Jack. “Why reasonable people go stark raving mad when anything involving a Negro comes up, is something I don’t pretend to understand” (101).

I think this maybe relates to the rabid dog in the next chapter.

OPINION SURVEY-

ATTICUS SCOUT TOWN

1. All people are created equal.2. A person’s race does not determine that person’s character.3. Females are delicate and should always be protected by males.4. The verdict of a jury is always fair and just.

PICK A “BECAUSE OF” PROMPT AND DEVELOP A CEEW PARAGRAPH AROUND IT.

Because of _________’s ________, things happened this way in the novel.

Choose a character Choose a characteristic

Bob Ewell raceMayella Ewell genderTom Robinson classAtticusScout

This illustration of the contents of a woman’s purse is from a 1930s magazine.

Your task:Scout hears a lot about how a lady should act from a lot of different people. Choose a character from the novel (Jem, Aunt Alexandra, Miss Maudie, etc.) and think about what they say about the ideal woman.

What would be in that ideal woman’s purse or handbag…or would she even have one?

Make a picture or diagram like this one showing the contents.

PERSUASIVE TECHNIQUES

We’ll be working to recognize these in the world around us.

Where might we see these?

FIRST…THE FALLACIES

Watch out for these!

AD HOMINEM

“to the man” does not argue the issue. Instead, it argues or

attacks the person.

Person 1: I think there should be a smoothie bar at Gloucester for after school activities.

Person 2: Have you seen how Person 1 eats? I would not trust them on any health food decisions.

BEGGING THE QUESTION

assumes the conclusion is true without proving it; circular argument

Because cats are such dangerous pets, we must have ordinances governing how they are cared for in our apartment complex. Ordinances protect people from the dangerous pets of others.

RED HERRING

a deliberate attempt to distract

Of course Gloucester High School should get a smoothie bar. The academic success of our children should be our absolute priority with the school board budget.

STRAW MAN

creates the illusion of having refuted a proposition by substituting a similar yet weaker proposition

Weaker proposition=straw man. It’s a lot easier to knock a straw man down than a real one.

Person 1: I think that we should shorten the library hours to help account for budget cuts.

Person 2: Person 1 wants to close down the library! Just think of the disastrous consequences for our students.

TESTIMONIAL

a personal endorsement of the product or idea, often by someone famous

Can you think of some testimonials in recent commercials?

ETHICAL APPEAL

establishes the writer as knowledgeable, fair, and trustworthy

I’ve worked on research projects in the rainforest for seven years.

EMOTIONAL APPEAL

appeals strictly to emotions, often used with strong visuals

LOGICAL APPEAL

logical appeal – is the strategic use of logic, claims, and evidence.

Rainforests once covered 14% of earth's land surface; now they cover a mere 6%.

Around 150,000 square kilometres of tropical rainforest, equivalent to the size of England and Wales, is destroyed every year.

BALANCE: MAKE YOUR ARGUMENT EFFECTIVE AND CREDIBLE

Ethical appeal

Emotional

appeal

Logical appeal

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DjeJmyLj12A&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KRY7wBuCcBY

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9gspElv1yvc

http://www.psaresearch.com/ Veggie therapy, Global Warming Train,

Grim Reaper

http://www.epa.gov/asthma/videos/goldfish_drain.mpeg