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BRAZILACTIVEWITH
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BRAZIL: an active key partnerfor the OECD
The OECD is proud to have Brazil as a Key Partner. Over the past two decades,
Brazil has been a source of valuable policy experience, as it has moved up
the ranks of the worlds largest economies. Most importantly, it has done so
while tackling both poverty and inequality, something very few countries
have previously achieved.
While Brazil has maintained high levels of employment, growth has slowed down in recent years, underlining theneed to boost productivity and cost competitiveness. This requires measures to address infrastructure bottlenecks,
continue to raise education attainment and the performance of students, boost labour force skills, streamline the tax
system and reduce regulatory complexity. For Brazil, as for many other major economies today, further economic and
social progress implies continued efforts to go structural, go social, go green and go institutional.
The Brazilian government has demonstrated strong commitment in facing these challenges and the OECD stands ready
to support the related reforms. Our expertise in a wide range of policy areas and the strength of a network of globalpolicy communities are all at Brazils disposal. Our partnership extends to many policy areas, and includes joint work on
international fora, such as the G20. This brochure illustrates the mutually beneficial character of our co-operation, as we
benefit from Brazils perspectives in finding joint solutions to common global challenges.
Brazil participates actively in a number of key OECD Committees, as well as in various areas of OECD work, including
our initiatives to reshape economic thinking (New Approaches to Economic Challenges, NAEC), and to foster inclusive
and sustainable growth. It is now Vice-Chair of the Governing Board of PISA and of the OECD Steel Committee, and itsleadership has also opened avenues of dialogue with the rest of Latin America. This year, for example, two important
regional high-level meetings were hosted in Brazil in the field of skills development, which has encouraged other
Latin American countries to participate in the third round of the adult skills survey, PIAAC.
We look forward to strengthening and broadening this fruitful collaboration, to help design and implement better
policies for better lives for all Brazilians.
ANGEL GURRA, OECD Secretary-General
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CONTENTS. 1
INDUSTRY AND INNOVATION 29
Building a knowledge-based economy 30
Promoting a viable global steel industry 31
ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY 32
Promoting sustainable development 33
Improving energy strategy 34
Enhancing nuclear energy and other applications 35
Strengthening chemical and transgenic safety 36
Promoting good water governance 37
A GLOBAL AND REGIONAL PLAYER 38
Partnering with Latin America 39Promoting effective development co-operation 41
Finding global solutions at the G20 42
Reaching out to the business community, foundations
and trade unions 44
ANNEXES
Instruments: facilitating international coordination 46
Brazils participation in OECD bodies
and related organisations 47
THE OECD AND BRAZIL 2
SUSTAINABLE, BALANCED AND INCLUSIVE GROWTH 6
Strengthening economic growth 7
Increasing agricultural productivity and food security 9
Promoting green growth 10
Upgrading participation in global value chains 11
SMOOTH FUNCTIONING OF MARKETS 12
Promoting trade 13
Promoting sound competition 14
Strengthening consumer protection 15
PUBLIC AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE 16
Enhancing the business environment 17Improving tax transparency and compliance 18
Enhancing budgeting and public expenditure efficiency 20
EMPLOYMENT AND SOCIAL DEV ELOPMENT 21
Creating jobs 22
Promoting social and territorial cohesion 23
Educating and empowering new generations
with the right skills 24
Tackling gender inequality 26
Measuring better lives 27
CONTENTS
Contents
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2. ACTIVE WITH BRAZIL
L Aloizio Mercadante, Minister Chief of
Staff of the Presidency and Angel Gurra,
Secretary-General of the OECD at the
presentation of PISA 2013. October 2013,
Brasilia, Brazil. 1. World Bank, 2012
With a GDP of US$2.4 trillion1, Brazil is the largest economy
in Latin America and the seventh economy of the world.
Brazil is one of five major emerging economies with which
the OECD has established a key partnership, together with
China, India, Indonesia and South Africa. The mutually
beneficial Brazil-OECD relationship has been evolving
steadily and favourably since the mid-1990s.
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Brazil is an active Key Partner of the OECD. The country participates in the substantive work
of many of the OECDs specialised Committees, where senior officials from member and
partner countries meet to advance ideas and review progress in specific policy areas.
Brazil is an Associate, i.e. participating on equal footing with OECD members, in seven
OECD bodies, and is vice-chair of two of them, the Governing Board of the Programme
for International Student Assessment (PISA) and the Steel Committee. This reflects the
leadership Brazil has developed in these fields and is an important signal of its strong
engagement with the policy dialogue that occurs in these and other OECD bodies. In
addition, Brazil is a Participant in another eleven OECD bodies (see Annex).
Brazil has also engaged in a productive dialogue with the OECD in the framework of the
G20, which has resulted in initiatives such as the Base Erosion and Profit Shifting project. It
is an active contributor to the New Approaches to Economic Challenges (NAEC) initiative,an organisation-wide reflection process on the causes of the 2008 financial crisis and the
lessons for the future. Brazil strongly contributes to the OECDs statistical databases and
encourages the wide availability of OECD information and databases for public servants,
researchers and students through a specific agreement which provides OECD iLibrary
access to 200 Brazilian institutions.
Minister Mercadante, who is now Minister Chief of Staff of the Presidency, promoted an
active engagement with the OECD as Minister of Education. In November 2013, after
having given a welcoming reception to the Secretary General in Brasilia, he visited the
OECD headquarters in Paris and shared with OECD ambassadors, directors and staff Brazils
advances in education reform and his views on the OECD-Brazil cooperation.
THE OECD AND BRA ZIL. 3
THEOECDANDBRAZIL
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4. ACTIVE WITH BRAZIL
Brazil has been engaged in bringingits own development perspective to the
OECD. Brazilian society, as so many of our
international partners, aims at continued
economic growth with social justice - and,
as is only too natural, this is what moves us
in our participation in the OECD. The OECD
has already started a review of its analytical
models so as to better account for the
interplay of economic efficiency and social inclusion, as well as for thepossible trade-offs implied by structural reforms. I firmly believe that
we would all benefit from the improvement of our analytical tools
and from the increasing diversification of policy views in the joint
activities carried out by the Organisation.
Jos Maurcio Bustani, Ambassador of Brazil to France
We have all witnessed the rise of Brazil asa major economic player in the global arena,
one that has done so with a remarkable
combination of economic growth enhancing
and social inclusion policies. The ambitious
reform agenda of Brazil, not least on
successfully combating poverty, improving
access to well-being at large, is therefore
very relevant for current discussions that
are taking place within the OECD, particularly on what relates toattain sustainable growth, addressing inequalities and creating
jobs. Also outstanding improvements were made in the fields of
education/skills and the responsible use of natural resources.
Our bilateral cooperation, based on best policies/best practices
sharing, and reliable comparative data and evidenced-based
analysis, is a natural win-win. I am fully confident that our
dedicated Informal Reflection Group will contribute further
to living up to this very promising partnership.
Paulo Vizeu Pinheiro, Ambassador of Portugal to the OECD,
Chair of the Informal Reflection Group on Brazil
LLeft to Right: Alozio Mercadante, Brazilian Minister Chief of Staff, Paulo Vizeu Pinheiro, Ambassador of Portugal to the OECD, Marcos Bonturi, Director of the OECD
Global Relations Secretariat and Angel Gurra, Secretary-General of the OECD Secretary-General, OECD Headquarters, Paris, November 2013.
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THE OECD AND BRA ZIL. 5
THEOECDANDBRAZIL
In order to keep playing a key role in
global governance, the OECD must adapt to
globalisation and strengthen its relations with
the rest of the world, especially developing
countries. In this context, Brazil, which playsa growing role on the international scene, is
a major partner for the OECD. Cooperation
with this country is undoubtedly a priority
for our Organisation.
Pascale Andreani, Ambassador of France to the OECD, Chair of the External Relations
Committee (which oversees the Organisations overall global relations)
The OECDs Global Relations Strategy seeks
to make the Organisation a more effective
and inclusive global policy network, through
close co-operation with our five Key Partners
(Brazil, China, India, Indonesia and SouthAfrica) and strengthened engagement with
all regions of the world. In that context, the
OECD welcomes the leadership that Brazil
is taking in certain OECD bodies, such
as the PISA Governing Board, the Steel Committee and its active
participation in NAEC. This engagement has certainly enriched OECD
debates as much as it has allowed Brazil to enrich its policies with the
perspectives of other countries.
Marcos Bonturi, OECD Director of Global Relations
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The worst of the financial crisis that struck the global market in 2008 is now
behind us, but it left its mark on the world economy. With lower commodity prices,
slower growth in China and Europe and a tighter monetary policy in the US, Brazil
will have to go structural to improve its productivity and regain international
competitiveness. This will be necessary to sustain high economic growth and to
continue the remarkable advancements made on the social front.
6. ACTIVE WITH BRAZIL
S
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Brazil experienced remarkable growth in the last decade, but
has faced increasing difficulties since 2010. How can Brazils
economy continue to grow sustainably?
OECD Economic Surveysidentify the main economic challengesfaced by each OECD and key partner country and analysevarious policy options.
The 2013 Economic Survey of Brazilhighlighted the importanceof further refinements in the macroeconomic framework andof continuing structural reforms to improve productivity andcompetitiveness. The survey analyses options to build onBrazils successful strategy to reduce poverty and inequality. Anew edition will be published in 2015.
Twice a year, the OECD Economic Outlookanalyses the majortrends and forces that shape the short-term economic
prospects of OECD members and selected non-members.The latest version, published in May 2014, warns thatalthough unemployment remains at record low levels,Brazils government still has many challenges to address.The publication highlights increasing inflation ratesand suggests that structural factors underlying weakmanufacturing performance should be addressed, notably byimproving infrastructure through lowering trade barriers andimplementing tax reform.
Strengtheningeconomic growth
Going for Growthis the OECDs flagship report highlighting themain growth challenges and developments in structural policyreforms. Since 2011, Brazil is included with other key emergingeconomies (China, India, Indonesia, Russia and South Africa).Based on a broad set of internationally comparable indicatorsof structural policies and performance, five priorities areidentified for each country with the aim of improving labourproductivity and utilisation. Potential effects of the reforms
on policy objectives other than GDP growth are discussed, inparticular green growth, reducing inequality, public finance andmacroeconomic imbalances.
SUSTAINABLE, BALANCED AND INC LUSIVE GROWTH. 7
SUSTAINABLEGROWTH
The OECD has been doing important work at the global level, and
has partnered with Brazil at the G20, IMF and other international
bodies, especially in this difficult period which requires action from
multilateral institutions and governments. We have an important
partnership and we have advanced on several issues. At the global
level, our partnership has made advances in tax, finance andgovernance; at the national level, the OECD has done important work
on education and finance.
Guido Mantega, Brazilian Minister of Finance, October 2013, Brasilia, Brazil
LGuido Mantega, the Brazilian Minister of Finance, receives the OECD Economic
Survey of Brazil 2013. Braslia, Brazil, October 2013.
http://www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/economics/oecd-economic-surveys-brazil-2013_eco_surveys-bra-2013-en#page1http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/economics/oecd-economic-outlook-volume-2014-issue-1_eco_outlook-v2014-1-en#page1http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/economics/economic-policy-reforms-2013_growth-2013-en#page1http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/economics/economic-policy-reforms-2013_growth-2013-en#page1http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/economics/oecd-economic-outlook-volume-2014-issue-1_eco_outlook-v2014-1-en#page1http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/economics/oecd-economic-surveys-brazil-2013_eco_surveys-bra-2013-en#page1http://www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/8/13/2019 Active with Brazil
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Structural policy reforms essential for increasing long-term
growth in Brazil:
l Enhance outcomes and equity in education. Increasing theoverall education level of the workforce would accelerateproductivity growth.
l Improve incentives for formal labour force participation,especially among seniors. Reforming public benefit
programmes would raise the currently low formal-sectorparticipation levels.
l Reduce distortions in the tax system. A less onerous taxsystem would contribute to faster productivity gains.
www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/listofeconomicsurveysofbrazil.htm
www.oecd.org/eco/outlook/brazil-economic-forecast-summary.htm
www.oecd.org/eco/growth/Brazil.pdf
SCAN TO READTHE REP ORT
8. ACTIVE WITH BRAZIL
Strengthening economic growth
SU
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As one of the worlds major exporters of primary products,
Brazils agriculture relies on a strong and dynamic economy.
Brazil is an active collaborator in the preparation of the OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook, which provides 10-year projectionsfor the major agricultural commodities and biofuels. The latestreport foresees commodity prices, on average, well above theprevious decade due to a strong demand and rising energy-
related input costs; noting that food price inflation remains aconcern in many developing countries. In 2013, the OECD andthe Brazilian Agricultural Research Cooperation (EMBRAPA)signed aformal Memorandum of Understanding on the annual OECD-FAOmedium-term agricultural outlook, in which the OECD agreed toprovide training and technical advice on policy analysis.
TheAgricultural Policy Monitoring and Evaluation: OECDCountries and Emerging Economiespublication provides biennial
assessment of agricultural policy support instruments andpolicy developments in several countries, including Brazil.The 2013 edition examined Brazils government interventionsin the agricultural sector for the years up to 2012, and thecorresponding impacts on trade and the domestic economy, andwill again be included in the 2015 report.
Increasing agricultural productivityand food security
SCAN TO READTHE REP ORT
SUSTAINABLE, BALANCED AND INC LUSIVE GROWTH. 9
LFAO Director General Jos Graziano da Silvaat the launch of the OECD-FAO
Agricultural Outlook 2012-2021in Rome, Italy, 11 July 2012.
The OECD is the main global reference for the certification andstandardisation of seeds, agricultural and forestry tractors,forest reproductive material, and fruit and vegetables. TheOECD Agricultural Codes and Schemesfacilitate international tradethrough the simplification and harmonisation of documentary,inspection and testing procedures. Brazil has been an activemember of the OECD Seed Schemes since 1999, and hosted theAnnual Meeting in 2006.
For consumers, especially for the millions of people living in extreme
poverty, high food prices have caused considerable hardship. We
need to redouble our efforts to bring down the number of hungry
people. We must focus on increasing sustainable productivity
growth, especially in developing countries, and especially for small
producers. ()High real prices for agricultural commodities provide
higher incentives for farmers and rural development, especially where
markets are open and price mechanisms function well, and where
farmers also have the capacity to respond.Jos Graziano da Silva, FAO Director General
USTAINABLEGROWTH
http://www.oecd.org/site/oecd-faoagriculturaloutlook/publication.htmhttp://www.oecd.org/site/oecd-faoagriculturaloutlook/publication.htmhttp://www.oecd.org/site/oecd-faoagriculturaloutlook/publication.htmhttp://www.oecd.org/site/oecd-faoagriculturaloutlook/publication.htmhttp://www.embrapa.br/englishhttp://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/agriculture-and-food/agricultural-policy-monitoring-and-evaluation-2013_agr_pol-2013-en#page1http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/agriculture-and-food/agricultural-policy-monitoring-and-evaluation-2013_agr_pol-2013-en#page1http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/agriculture-and-food/agricultural-policy-monitoring-and-evaluation-2013_agr_pol-2013-en#page1http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/agriculture-and-food/agricultural-policy-monitoring-and-evaluation-2013_agr_pol-2013-en#page1http://www.oecd.org/tad/code/http://www.oecd.org/tad/code/http://www.oecd.org/tad/code/http://www.embrapa.br/englishhttp://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/agriculture-and-food/agricultural-policy-monitoring-and-evaluation-2013_agr_pol-2013-en#page1http://www.oecd.org/site/oecd-faoagriculturaloutlook/publication.htmhttp://www.oecd.org/site/oecd-faoagriculturaloutlook/publication.htmhttp://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/agriculture-and-food/agricultural-policy-monitoring-and-evaluation-2013_agr_pol-2013-en#page18/13/2019 Active with Brazil
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The world economy is slowly emerging from one of the worst
crises in decades, but it is clearer than ever that a sustainable
growth path will only be possible if the worlds natural assets
are preserved.
The OECD Green Growth Strategyoffers an opportunity tore-think our current economic model and equip countries,including Brazil, to tap into greener and more sustainable
development. Strengthening policy coherence is crucial to addressinterconnected environmental challenges, particularly giventhe importance of biodiversity preservation, climate changemitigation and adaptation, and water governance.
Since the launch of the Green Growth Strategyin 2011, the OECDhas been working with countries to integrate green growthobjectives into economic and sectorial policies, and to assist withmonitoring progress through integration of green growth into core
OECD surveillance reports. Several countries in the LAC region Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Paraguay, andPeru have applied the OECD Green Growth Indicators approach.The OECD holds an annual Green Growth and SustainableDevelopment Forum to focus on cross-Ministerial issues, to whichBrazil and other partner countries are invited. The 2013 Forumfocused on the ways to unlock private green investment and avoidenvironmentally wasteful infrastructure decisions.
Building on the findings of the OECD Green Growth Strategy, thereport Putting Green Growth at the Heart of Developmentexplainswhy green growth is vital to secure a more sustainable futurefor developing countries. Green models for development offer analternative that relies on and values natural assets, which areessential to the well-being and livelihoods of people in developingcountries. The report draws on a range of developing countryexamples, including Brazils Proambiente programme, which rewardsfarmers for more environmentally sound agricultural production
practices, and the Bolsa Floresta payments for ecosystem servicesprogramme in Amazonas State.
Promotinggreen growth
10. ACTIVE WITH BRAZIL
SCAN TO READTHE REP ORT
During 2014-2015, the OECD will conduct an EnvironmentalPerformance Review (EPR) of Brazil. EPRs identify good practicesand make recommendations to improve the reviewed countrysenvironmental policies and programmes. Over 60 EPRsof OECDmember countries have been conducted. Most OECD membercountries have now been reviewed twice. Some OECD non-member countries have also been reviewed, including China,Russia and Colombia.
www.oecd.org/greengrowth/
www.oecd.org/greengrowth/green-growth-indicators-lac-2012.htm
www.oecd.org/development/environment-development
SU
http://www.oecd.org/greengrowth/http://www.oecd.org/greengrowth/http://www.oecd.org/forum/http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/development/putting-green-growth-at-the-heart-of-development_9789264181144-en#page1http://www.proambiente.cnpm.embrapa.br/conteudo/introducao.htmhttp://www.oecd.org/env/country-reviews/oecdenvironmentalperformancereviews.htmhttp://www.oecd.org/greengrowth/http://www.oecd.org/greengrowth/green-growth-indicators-lac-2012.htmhttp://www.oecd.org/development/environment-developmenthttp://www.oecd.org/development/environment-developmenthttp://www.oecd.org/greengrowth/green-growth-indicators-lac-2012.htmhttp://www.oecd.org/greengrowth/http://www.proambiente.cnpm.embrapa.br/conteudo/introducao.htmhttp://www.oecd.org/forum/http://www.oecd.org/greengrowth/48224574.pdfhttp://www.oecd.org/env/country-reviews/oecdenvironmentalperformancereviews.htmhttp://www.oecd.org/greengrowth/http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/development/putting-green-growth-at-the-heart-of-development_9789264181144-en#page1http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/development/putting-green-growth-at-the-heart-of-development_9789264181144-en#page1http://www.oecd.org/greengrowth/8/13/2019 Active with Brazil
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SUSTAINABLE, BALANCED AND INCLUSIVE GROWTH. 11
STAINABLEGROWTH
Trade in intermediate inputs makes up over 50% of goods and
70% of services trade, underscoring the importance of global
value chains.
International production, trade and investment are increasinglyorganised within global value chains (GVCs) in which the differentstages of the production process are located across differentcountries. The OECD has a long history of studying value chain
dynamics. Most recently, the OECD-WTO Trade in Value Added (TiVA)database was developed to measure trade in value added termsto generate new insights about the commercial relations amongeconomies and the process of value creation. The second release ofthe OECD-WTO TiVAdatabase (May 2013) presents indicators for 57economies (including Brazil) covering the years 1995, 2000, 2005, 2008and 2009 and broken down by 18 industries. These results show thateven if China is the largest market in gross terms, in value-addedterms the United States are Brazils largest export market.
Brazil also participates in the OECD Development Centres Initiativeon Global Value Chains which promotes knowledge sharing amongrepresentatives of OECD and non-OECD economies on how topromote development by facilitating participation in GVCs.
In April 2014, the So Paulo State Industry Federation (FIESP) hosteda workshop on global value chains with the active participationof the OECD.
One consensus that emerged from these
dialogues (with OECD counterparts) is that
Brazilian society is today very interested in
issues of foreign policy and foreign trade.
Another consensus is that Brazilian foreign
trade needs an integrated strategic policy.
Thomas Zanotto, Director of the Department of
International Relations and Foreign Trade of the
So Paulo State Industry Federation
Upgrading participationin global value chains
oe.cd/gvc
oe.cd/tiva
www.oecd.org/trade/benefitlib/Trade_Policy_Implications_May_2013.pdf
www.oecd.org/sti/ind/TiVA_BRAZIL_MAY_2013.pdf
SCAN TOREAD THE
REPORT
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Trade and foreign investment have proven essential for economic
development across the globe. Although economic reforms in the 1990s
have increased the countrys macroeconomic stability, Brazil still faces
challenges in strengthening the functioning of markets, facilitating trade,
enhancing competition and improving the business environment.
12. ACTIVE WITH BRAZIL
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SMOOTH FUNCTIONING OF MARKETS. 13
CTIONINGMARKETS
Brazils performance in ensuring transparency, predictability
and due process in trade facilitation surpasses most other
Latin American, Caribbean and upper middle income countries.
What policies are needed for Brazil to continue to progress?
Speed and efficiency in border procedures is paramount inreducing trade costs, boosting trade flows and reaping greaterbenefits from international trade. To help governments improve
those procedures, the OECD has developed a set of tradefacilitation indicators that identify areas for action and enablethe potential impact of reforms to be assessed. These indicatethat Brazil could draw considerable benefits from continuedefforts in:
l streamlining border fees and charges,
l further simplifying and harmonising trade documents,
l promoting automation and
l streamlining border procedures.
Brazil has been included in the OECDs Services TradeRestrictiveness Index (STRI)database. The STRI database is aunique resource providing internationally comparable currentinformation on regulatory policies affecting trade in services. Itis also a useful tool both for benchmarking domestic servicessector reform and for preparing lists of commitments during
trade negotiations. The OECD STRI was officially launched onMay 7 during the 2014 OECD Ministerial Council Meeting.
Brazil played a major role in the negotiation and drafting ofthe 2011 version of the Aircraft Sector Understanding (ASU),originally agreed in 2007. This is a path-breaking AircraftAgreement among major civil aircraft exporting countries,which has paved the way for the establishment of a levelplaying field among main competitors in the area of civil
aviation. This agreement rationalised government supportfor export deals across all commercial aircraft. 2013 marked
Promoting trade
the tenth anniversary of a constant and fruitful engagementof Brazil in the ASU work. The OECD has benefited, and willcontinue to benefit, from the contributions of a major player inthe aircraft industry, committed to maintaining a high value inASU disciplines.
Aid for Trade at a Glance, a joint OECD-WTO publication, providesan analysis of trends and developments in aid that aim tohelp developing countries integrate into the global economyand benefit from trade opportunities. The latest publication,launched in July 2013, focussed on global value chains andprivate sector development, with a view to managing results.
SCAN TOREAD THE
REPORT
J25 February 2011
Laudemar Goncalvez
de Aguiar Neto,
Deputy Permanent
Representative from
the Embassy of Brazil
to France, signing the
OECD Aircraft Sector
Understanding (ASU),
OECD headquarters,Paris, France.
http://www.oecd.org/tad/services-trade/towardsaservicestraderestrictivenessindexstri.htmhttp://www.oecd.org/tad/services-trade/towardsaservicestraderestrictivenessindexstri.htmhttp://www.oecd.org/tad/services-trade/towardsaservicestraderestrictivenessindexstri.htmhttp://www.oecd.org/tad/services-trade/towardsaservicestraderestrictivenessindexstri.htmhttp://www.oecd.org/mcm/http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/development/aid-for-trade-at-a-glance-2013_aid_glance-2013-en#page1http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/development/aid-for-trade-at-a-glance-2013_aid_glance-2013-en#page1http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/development/aid-for-trade-at-a-glance-2013_aid_glance-2013-en#page1http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/development/aid-for-trade-at-a-glance-2013_aid_glance-2013-en#page1http://www.oecd.org/tad/services-trade/towardsaservicestraderestrictivenessindexstri.htmhttp://www.oecd.org/mcm/8/13/2019 Active with Brazil
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The Competition Law adopted in 2011 is a major step towards
sound competition. The new law completed a process of
reform and modernisation of Brazils competition law and
policy started in 2003.
The OECD Competition Committee, which gathers the heads
of the worlds major competition authorities, is a source of
policy analysis and advice to governments on competition
law, effective competition law enforcement, and competition-friendly regulation. Brazil underwent two Peer Reviews of
Competition Law and Policycarried out by the OECD, in 2005 and
in 2010. Since 1998 the Committee has published peer reviews
of well over 30 countries. These reviews assess how each
country deals with competition and regulatory issues, from the
soundness of its competition law to the structure
and effectiveness of its competition institutions. The review
includes an exam of the country report by an international
panel of experts.
Brazils 2011 competition law approval reflects several key
recommendations from OECD peer reviews, including:
l the introduction of a merger notification ex ante as well as a
system of double threshold for merger notification;
l a significant increase in the level of fines;
l tougher criminal sanctions with a fine and a prison sentence
instead of a choice between them;
l a streamlined Brazil Competition Policy System (BCPS).
The OECD also supports policy makers in their efforts to
improve public procurement. The OECD Project to Reduce Bid
Rigging in Latin Americawas launched in 2007 with projects
in Brazil and Chile. It was designed to assist competition
authorities in detecting and preventing bid-rigging in public
tenders. Cross-agency partnerships were established by theBrazilian competition authorities, with the support of the OECD,
Promoting soundcompetition
to build awareness of how to combat big-rigging practices. As
an example, the OECD examined proposed amendments to the
procurement law and explained the usefulness of Certificates of
Independent Bid Determination, which are now mandatory for
federal and state procurement.
CADE has undergone major reform in
2012 with the enactment of new legislation
that unified all competition enforcementactivities into one single governmental body
and adopted a pre-merger control system.
We were fortunate to have OECD support
during the whole approval process of the
Bill. Furthermore, OECD materials and
discussions have significantly improved CADEs findings for the
implementation of an effective competition policy in Brazil.
Vinicius Marques de Carvalho, President of Administrative Council of Economic
Defence (CADE)
www.oecd.org/daf/competition/fightingbidrigginginpublic
procurement.htm
www.oecd.org/daf/competition/brazil-competition.htm
14. ACTIVE WITH SOUTHEAST ASIA14. ACTIVE WITH BRAZIL
FUNC
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Rapidly-changing markets require increasingly high levels of
knowledge and skill in order for consumers to make informed
purchasing decisions. At the same time, consumers expect
ever-greater protection from governments. How can policy
makers meet these expectations and effectively enhance
consumer protection?
The OECD undertakes analysis of policies to support
e-commerce, foster consumer product safety, and betterunderstand consumer economics. In 2010, the OECD developedthe Consumer Policy Toolkit, a practical guide that provides aframework for understanding changes in consumer marketsand the related implications for policy making. Drawing onthe Toolkit, the OECD is now drafting recommendations onimproved approaches to making and enforcing such policies.The OECD has also been actively working on e-commerceissues. It is currently reviewing its 1999 Guidelines for Consumer
Strengtheningconsumer protection
Protection in the Context of Electronic Commerce.Particular attentionis being paid to developing policy guidance on mobile andonline payments, digital content products and participativee-commerce. Brazil has been involved in this work, which isclosely related to a decree it put forth on e-commerce in March2013. Brazil also plays an active role in the OECDs work onconsumer product safety.
In October 2012, the group launched a web-based GlobalRecallsdatabase, which draws together information on product recallsworldwide, providing governments, businesses and consumerswith a new tool for addressing safety issues. A seconddatabase is in place which helps to track policy and regulatorydevelopments; a third will provide a platform for sharinginformation on injuries.
www.oecd.org/sti/consumer
SMOOTH FUNCTIONING OF MARKETS. 15
TIONINGMARKETS
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Brazil has joined many international initiatives
aimed at improving public governance in
fields such as anti-corruption, tax compliance,
transparency and exchange of information
on tax matters, government accounting and
supreme audit institutions.
16. ACTIVE WITH BRAZIL
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GOVERNANCE
PUBLIC AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE. 17
Promoting appropriate business conduct by multinational
companies is a real challenge as their operations often straddle
dozens of countries and hundreds of cultural, legal and
regulatory environments.
Brazil has been an adherent to the OECD Declaration and Decisionson International Investment and Multinational Enterprisesince 1997.The Declaration set standards for transparent investment
policies and responsible business conduct.
As an element of the Declaration, the OECD Guidelines forMultinational Enterprisesare the most comprehensive set ofgovernment-backed recommendations on responsible businessconduct in existence today. The governments adhering to theGuidelines aim to encourage and maximise the positive impactMNEs can make to sustainable development and enduringsocial progress.
The Guidelines are supported by the unique implementationmechanism of National Contact Points (NCP) which assistsmultinational enterprises to observe the Guidelines. TheBrazilian NCP, an inter-agency body located within the Ministryof Finance, has participated in the inaugural Global Forum onResponsible Business Conduct in June 2013. As part of the effortin promoting the Guidelines, the Brazilian NCP has organisedseveral international workshops.
Governance is an increasingly important issue in Latin America.Considerable effort has been made to improve the regionsinvestment environment and Brazil has been playing a leadingrole with the OECD in this matter.
As a founding member of the Latin American Corporate GovernanceRoundtable,which has met annually since 2000, Brazil hashosted meetings of the Roundtable and its Companies Circle,
which comprises leading Latin American Companies includingfive Brazilian companies in a sustained effort to improve
Enhancing the businessenvironment
corporate governance implementation. Brazil is also anactive participant in the Corporate Governance Committee;it has agreed to participate as an Associate in the CorporateGovernance Committees 2014 review of the Principles ofCorporate Governanceand has been invited to participatein thereview of the Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-OwnedEnterprises.
Bringing together senior policy makers, regulators and marketparticipants in the regions most active capital markets,the Roundtable supports governments efforts to improvecorporate governance, guiding the role of institutional investors,board effectiveness, enforcement and codes of conduct. TheRoundtable has also supported the work of several additionalgroups. In addition to the Companies Circle, launched in2005, the Roundtable has supported the establishment of aLatin American Network on Corporate Governance of State-Owned
Enterprises since 2011. More recently a specialised expertstask force has issued country-specific recommendations forpreventing the abuse of transactions between related parties.
The Roundtable meetings have raised
overall awareness of corporate issues,
particularly among Brazilian companies.
The OECD presence has given the subject
a much needed credential, setting it apart
from previous perceptions of mere wishlists for investors
Mauro Rodrigues da Cunha, Executive Director, Brazil
Association of Investors in Capital Markets (AMEC)
www.oecd.org/corporate/mne/
www.oecd.org/daf/ca/latinamericanroundtableoncorporate
governance.htm
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At the request of the G20, the OECD developed an ActionPlan identifying 15 specific actions to tackle BEPS in acomprehensive and timely manner. The BEPS Action Planwasfully endorsed by the G20 Finance Ministers at their meeting inJuly 2013 and by the G20 Leaders at the St Petersburg Summit onSeptember 2013.
The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax
Purposesis the multilateral framework within which work in thearea of tax transparency and exchange of information is carriedout by over 120 jurisdictions, which participate on an equal footing.
Brazil has been a member of the Global Forum since September2009, and it plays an active role in both the Steering Group and
In an increasingly interconnected world, national tax laws have
not kept pace with global corporations, fluid capital, and the
digital economy, leaving gaps that can be exploited to erode the
taxable base and shift profits to low tax environments. Brazil,
within the framework of the G20, has been working hard to
tackle this critical issue.
In May 2013, on the occasion of the OECD Ministerial Meeting,
Brazil signed a Declaration on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS)along with Argentina, Indonesia, South Africa, Russia and all OECDcountries. The Declaration acknowledges that BEPS is a pressingissue, as identified in the Report on Addressing Base Erosionand Profit Shiftingreleased in February 2013, and encouragescoordinated efforts to develop inclusive and effective solutions.
Improving tax transparencyand compliance
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the Peer Review Group. As a member, Brazil underwent two peerreviews: on Legal and Regulatory Framework (Phase 1) and Exchangeof Information Practices (Phase 2).
The Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Mattersis the most comprehensive multilateral instrument available forall forms of tax cooperation, including automatic exchange ofinformation to tackle tax evasion and avoidance, a top priority
for all countries. The Convention was amended to respond tothe call of the G20 at its April 2009 London Summit to align it tointernational standards on exchange of information. Brazil signedthe Convention on November 2011 at the G20 Leaders Summitin Cannes, France. The Convention has been signed by 64 states,including all G20 countries, and 13 jurisdictions are also covered bythe Convention by way of territorial extension.The Convention has now taken on increasing importance with
the G20s recent call for automatic exchange of informationto become the new international tax standard on exchangeof information. The Convention provides the ideal instrumentto swiftly implement automatic exchange on a global scale asrequested by the G20.
Brazil and the OECD have been cooperating in tax matters forsome time. To provide coherence and continuity to this jointwork, Receita Federal do Brasil (RFB)and the OECD signed a MoC
in November 2012 covering a wide array of tax policy andadministration areas, particularly international taxation. The MoChas facilitated the implementation of a structured programme oftechnical events in the Escola de Administrao Fazendria in Brasilia.These events provide a forum for discussion among Brazilianofficials and experts from OECD countries, to exchange views onbest practices and effective policies on issues of common concern,implementing a calendar of events decided jointly by RFB and theOECD. The MoC has also facilitated further engagement of Brazil
in the work of the Committee on Fiscal Affairs, where Brazil isnow an Associate on BEPS.
PUBLIC AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE. 19
GOVERNANCE
L3 November 2011 Franois Baroin, Minister of Finance of France and Guido
Mantega, Minister of Finance of Brazil at the signing of the Convention on Mutual
Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters. G20 Cannes, France.
SCAN TO READTHE REP ORT
http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/taxation/global-forum-on-transparency-and-exchange-of-information-for-tax-purposes-peer-reviews-brazil-2013_9789264202610-en#page1http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/taxation/global-forum-on-transparency-and-exchange-of-information-for-tax-purposes-peer-reviews-brazil-2013_9789264202610-en#page1http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/taxation/global-forum-on-transparency-and-exchange-of-information-for-tax-purposes-peer-reviews-brazil-2013_9789264202610-en#page1http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/taxation/global-forum-on-transparency-and-exchange-of-information-for-tax-purposes-peer-reviews-brazil-2013_9789264202610-en#page1http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/taxation/global-forum-on-transparency-and-exchange-of-information-for-tax-purposes-peer-reviews-brazil-2013_9789264202610-en#page1http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/taxation/global-forum-on-transparency-and-exchange-of-information-for-tax-purposes-peer-reviews-brazil-2013_9789264202610-en#page1http://www.oecd.org/tax/exchange-of-tax-information/conventiononmutualadministrativeassistanceintaxmatters.htmhttp://www.receita.fazenda.gov.br/http://www.esaf.fazenda.gov.br/http://www.esaf.fazenda.gov.br/http://www.receita.fazenda.gov.br/http://www.oecd.org/tax/exchange-of-tax-information/conventiononmutualadministrativeassistanceintaxmatters.htmhttp://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/taxation/global-forum-on-transparency-and-exchange-of-information-for-tax-purposes-peer-reviews-brazil-2013_9789264202610-en#page1http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/taxation/global-forum-on-transparency-and-exchange-of-information-for-tax-purposes-peer-reviews-brazil-2013_9789264202610-en#page1http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/taxation/global-forum-on-transparency-and-exchange-of-information-for-tax-purposes-peer-reviews-brazil-2012_9789264168725-en#page1http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/taxation/global-forum-on-transparency-and-exchange-of-information-for-tax-purposes-peer-reviews-brazil-2012_9789264168725-en#page18/13/2019 Active with Brazil
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Building on the momentum generated by the2013 Public
Governance Review of Brazils Federal Court of Accounts
(Tribunal de Contas da Unio), the TCU continues to
demonstrate its commitment to a more strategic and agile
state through its audit and counselling work.
The OECD and TCU have partnered on a multi-year projectthat will assess how Supreme Audit Institutions (SAIs) can
contribute to strengthening good governance and sound publicmanagement. The project will benchmark practices not only inthe TCU but across SAIs in 12 other countries including Canada,Chile, the European Union Court of Auditors, France, SouthKorea, Mexico, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, SouthAfrica and the United States. Further, the project will involvecollaboration with representatives from civil society and fromBrazils Executive, demonstrated by members attendance at thelaunch event held in October 2013.
Recognising that the current role of SAIs is changing, thistimely project is an important plank in the OECDs whole-of-government approach to improving institutions and governancefor more effective policy design and implementation a criticalcomponent of the New Approach to Economic Challenges(NAEC) initiative.
www.oecd.org/corruption/ethics/publicsectorintegrityreviews.htm
Enhancing budgeting and publicexpenditure efficiency
We have always advocated the realisation of a great pact to
improve public governance so that Brazil is a world leader in
development. This is a challenge that we need to face together:
Union, States, Municipalities and the Federal District.Renan Calheiros, President of the Federal Senate of Brazil
20. ACTIVE WITH BRAZIL
SCAN TOREAD THE
REPORT
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In the past few years Brazil has been able to sustain economic growth while reducing
social and regional disparities. Social inclusion has been one of the major priorities of
the Brazilian government and its policies have strongly reduced poverty and inequality.
However, with the post-crisis economic slowdown, Brazil will have to redouble its efforts
to keep promoting social inclusion and development.
EMPLOYMENT AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT. 21
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Despite a buoyant labour market, Brazilian youth still
face several obstacles. What are these barriers? How can
they be overcome?
The proportion of youth neither in employment, nor ineducation or training (NEET) in Brazil is higher than in OECDcountries. A very large portion of the unemployed have beenout of a job for a year or more; the quality of jobs held by youth
is often poor; job turnover is high; and strong inequalitiespersist along gender, geographical and racial lines. Building onthe extensive country reviews that the OECD has carried outpreviously on the youth labour market and vocational educationand training, as well as on the OECD Skills Strategy and the ActionPlan for Youth, the Investing in Youthpublication provides adetailed diagnosis of the youth labour market and educationsystem in Brazil, and offers policy options to help improveschool-to-work transitions.
The annual OECD Employment Outlookseeks to identify keypolicy actions to foster more and better quality jobs throughan increased understanding of how labour markets function inOECD and Key Partner countries (Brazil, China, India, Indonesiaand South Africa). In the latest edition of the Employment Outlook,the OECD has updated its estimates on the degree of stringencyof employment protection legislation, including in Brazil.
Creating jobs
SCAN TO READTHE REP ORT
The OECD report is a valuable contribution to Brazil, at a time
where we are preparing ourselves to deepen our efforts to face the
historical challenge of creating better jobs for men and women
and, as a central element of a broader strategy to fight poverty and
reduce social inequalities.
Manoel Dias, Minister of Labour and Employment, October 2013, Brasilia, Brazil
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SOCIAL
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DEVELOPMENT
EMPLOYMENT AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT. 23
The Brazilian government has made the fight against poverty
and inequality one of its main priorities. Its efforts have been
rewarded with strong results in this area; however, the social
divide remains significant and needs to be monitored closely.
Over the past decade, extreme poverty dropped from 23.2%to 5.9% and almost 50 million Brazilians have moved into themiddle class.
TheTerritorial Review of Brazilshows that Brazil has theopportunity to achieve sustained economic growth coupledwith a reduction in social and regional disparities. The reviewsuggests that social programmes targeting the poor need to becomplemented with policies aiming at generating local sourcesof new employment and growth. The effectiveness of thegovernments poverty reduction programmes (such as the Bolsa
Promoting socialand territorial cohesion
Familia programme) could be increased if they were combinedand coordinated with regional policies.
Brazil has placed strong emphasis on solving deep-rooted socialproblems. While income inequality is one of the highest in theworld, efforts to reduce social disparities have been effective inrecent years.
The OECD has conducted talks including Brazil in its IncomeDistribution Database (IDD). The inclusion of Brazil (and otherkey partners) involved a revision and adjustment of the OECDincome concept. Estimates for Brazil, based on the NationalHousehold Sample Survey (PNAD), will be included in the nextrelease of the OECD Income Distribution Database.
www.oecd.org/social/inequality.htm
www.oecd.org/regional/regional-policy
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24. ACTIVE WITH BRAZIL
Equipping citizens with the skills necessary to achieve their
full potential, participate in an increasingly interconnected
global economy, and ultimately convert better jobs into
better lives is a central preoccupation of policy makers.
OECD Surveys on education and skills provide essential
benchmarking to assist in this endeavour. Brazil is an
active participant and has reported great benefits from
its participation.
The Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA)assessesto what extent 15-year-olds have the knowledge and skillsneeded to participate fully in their economies and societies.Brazil has participated in PISA since the first round in 2000, andhas used PISA results actively to drive reforms, both system-wide and at the local level.
Brazil is the country with the largest performance gains
in mathematics between 2003 and 2012. Much of thisimprovement comes alongside greater inclusion in theschooling system enrolment rates for 15-year-olds grew from65% in 2003 to 78% in 2012.
Brazil is now preparing for PISA 2015, and in January 2014became the first OECD partner country to join the PISAGoverning Board as an Associate. The government has set thegoal of reaching the average PISA score by 2021.
Brazil also participates in the Teaching and Learning InternationalSurvey (TALIS), which sheds light on learning environments andteachers working conditions, and informs policies for betterteaching. TALIS 2008, for example, revealed a high proportionof Brazilian teachers working under temporary contracts. Thenext round of TALIS results will be released in June 2014 andwill allow Brazil to make valuable comparisons between thecountries diverse regions.
Educating and empowering newgenerations with the right skills
As part of its Programme for the International Assessment of AdultCompetencies (PIAAC), the Survey of Adult Skills measures thekey cognitive and workplace skills needed for individuals toparticipate in society and for economies to prosper. Focused on16-65-year-olds, the Survey monitors not only whether adultshave important skills, but also whether these skills are beingput to effective use in the workplace.
On April 2014, the OECD and Fundacion Santillanaco-hosted aregional conference in Brazil which very successfully launcheda new PIAAC Round for Latin America, with several countries inthe region agreeing to participate.
We are signing up to PISA and we know
the responsibility of this challenge. We have
several other important partnerships with
the OECD: We are participating in the Talis,
which is the international research projecton teaching and learning that primarily
examines the learning environment and
working conditions of teachers in schools.
We are preparing this year a ministerial
forum on non-cognitive skills with the OECD, which is a major
challenge to evaluate and interpret the development of non-
cognitive abilities in schools. And we also have an invitation to
participate in the PIAAC, which measures the skills and expertise
of adults.Aloizio Mercadante, Minister Chief of Staff of the Presidency (Former Minister
of Education)
Social and emotional skills, such as perseverance, the ability tocooperate with others and self-esteem can be as powerful ascognitive skills in influencing academic, employment and socialoutcomes. The Education and Social Progress (ESP)project aims toshed light on how these skills are developed.
SOCIALD
http://www.oecd.org/pisa/http://www.oecd.org/edu/school/talis.htmhttp://www.oecd.org/edu/school/talis.htmhttp://www.oecd.org/edu/school/talis.htmhttp://www.oecd.org/edu/school/talis.htmhttp://www.fundacionsantillana.com/http://www.oecd.org/edu/ceri/educationandsocialprogress.htmhttp://www.oecd.org/edu/ceri/educationandsocialprogress.htmhttp://www.fundacionsantillana.com/http://www.oecd.org/edu/school/talis.htmhttp://www.oecd.org/pisa/8/13/2019 Active with Brazil
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DEVELOPMENT
In March 2014, the Ministry of Education of Brazil and NationalInstitute for Educational Studies and Researchjoined forces withthe OECD and the Ayrton Senna Foundationto host a high levelpolicy forum that discussed the power of social and emotionalskills in driving childrens success in life. The Forum broughttogether education leaders from around the world to discussways in which to better prepare our children for the diversesocioeconomic challenges of the 21st century.
This Forum brings novel evidence about the
science of learning and Brazil supports this
debates new approach to what contributes
to school success. We believe that social and
emotional competencies need to be reflected
in the ambition of educational public
policies and we will systematise and finance
initiatives that incentivise and develop
social and emotional skills in studentsJos Henrique Paim, Minister of Education
www.oecd.org/pisa/
www.oecd.org/edu/school/talis.htm
www.oecd.org/site/piaac/
www.oecd.org/edu/ceri/educationandsocialprogress.htm
EMPLOYMENT AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT. 25
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26. ACTIVE WITH BRAZIL
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Along with social and regional inequalities, the gender gap in
Brazil has declined in recent years, though there is still much
to be done.
Gender gaps are pervasive in all walks of economic life and implylarge losses in terms of foregone productivity and living standardsto the individuals concerned and the economy. Closing the GenderGap Act Nowfocuses on how best to close these gender gaps and
specific analysis is presented for Brazil across the report. A countrynote in Portuguese and English explores poverty and incomeinequality as key social policy concerns in relation to gender.
In May 2013 the OECD adopted the Recommendation onGender Equality in Education, Employment and Entrepreneurship,highlighting policy principles and mechanisms throughwhich Member countries can tackle gender disparities. TheRecommendation also encourages the collection, production
and development of timely and internationally comparablegender-sensitive data and indicators. The OECD Gender DataPortalincludes international data and analysis on genderinequalities in education, employment and entrepreneurship.While Brazil is already included in the OECD Gender Data Portalwherever comparable data is available, extending the indicatorsscope to all areas covered by the Gender Portal would make itpossible to closely monitor Brazils efforts to bridge gender gaps.
Discriminatory social norms and institutions are an importantbrake on development goals, as the OECDs Social institutions andGender Indexs (SIGI)data and research have shown.
SIGI is an innovative measure of underlying discrimination againstwomen in over 100 countries. While other indices measure genderinequalities in outcomes such as education and employment, theSIGI helps policy-makers and researchers understand what drivesthese outcomes. As a composite index made up of 14 uniquevariables, the SIGI captures and quantifies discriminatory socialinstitutions. SIGI 2014 will be published in October 2014.
Tackling genderinequality
The (Closing the Gender Gap) report is
indeed a wake-up call. But its main goal
is to propose policy options to rise to the
challenge. Gender inequality has many
different roots, including and importantly in
social norms and practices, as shown by our
SIGI Index. But inequality also stems from
flawed policies, economic incentives, laws
and regulations. And we can impact andinfluence policies. This is our raison dtre at the OECD. Our report
is thus about solutions, about policy measures that work. They
exist and they do make a difference.
Angel Gurra, Secretary-General, OECD.
www.oecd.org/gender/C-MIN(20 13)5-ENG.pdf
www.oecd.org/gender/data
www.genderindex.org
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EVELOPMENT
Is life really getting better? How can we tell? What are the
key ingredients to improving life is it better education,
environment, healthcare, housing or working hours? Does
progress mean the same thing to all people or in all countries
and societies?
The OECD Better Life Initiativefocuses on developing statisticsto capture aspects of life that matter to people and that shapethe quality of their lives. This allows for a better understandingof what drives the well-being of people and nations and whatneeds to be done to achieve greater progress for all . The twocore products of this initiative are the Better Life Indexand theHows Life?report.
The Better Life Indexis an interactive web-based tool that invitesyou to create your own index based on 11 dimensions essentialto well-being, from health and education to local environment,personal security and overall satisfaction with life, as well asmore traditional measures such as income.
Measuring better lives
You can then compare well-being across countries and share yourindex with other people who have created indexes, as well as withthe OECD. The Better Life Indexincludes data for OECD countriesas well as the Russian Federation and Brazil and is currentlyavailable in English, French, German, Russian, Spanish and nowalso in Portuguese.
Hows Life? Measuring Well-Beingis a biannual report. As the
flagship report of the OECDs work on well-being, it paints abroad picture of how life is in OECD countries and other majoreconomies, by looking at peoples material and non-materialconditions and quality of life along the 11 dimensions of theBetter Life Initiative.
This report responds to a demand from citizens, analysts andpolicy makers for better and more comparable information onpeoples well-being and societal progress. The second edition ofHows Life?,released in 2013, includes in-depth studies of fourkey cross-cutting issues: how well-being has changed duringthe global economic and financial crisis; gender differences inwell-being; the quality of employment and well-being in theworkplace; and sustainability of well-being over time.
www.oecd.org/statistics/howslife.htm
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In recent decades, technology and innovation have been a major source of economic
growth. The IT revolution has made it all the more important for countries to have a
modern and state-of-the-art industrial sector. With more than 1% of GDP invested in
research and development, Brazil is building a knowledge-based economy.
INDUSTRY AND INNOVATION. 29
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Technology and innovation are key factors to sustainable social
and economic development. How can Brazilian policy makers
promote a supportive environment for innovation?
The OECD develops evidence-based policy advice on thecontribution of science, technology and innovation to well-being and economic growth. Since 2007, Brazil has been anactive Participant in the OECD Committee for Scientific andTechnological Policy (CSTP). Brazil is included in the OECD Science,Technology, and Industry Outlook, and the OECD works particularlyclosely with Brazil on issues related to the bio economy.
The Brazilian intellectual property office (Instituto Nacional daPropriedade Industrial, INPI)hosted the 2013 Patent Statistics forDecision Makers conference in Rio de Janeiro on November. Thisconference, co-organised by INPI, the OECD, European Patent Officeand the World Intellectual Property Organisation, gathered decisionmakers, academics, analysts, and practitioners from all over theworld and discussed the findings of the latest empirical evidencebased on patent and intellectual property statistics.
On the industry side, Brazils Instituto de Pesquisa EconmicaAplicada (IPEA)is involved in a new project to study firm-levelemployment dynamics (DYNEMP).
OECD analysis for Brazil and 18 OECD countries for 2001-11shows that on average young firms (five years of age or less)accounted for just over 20% of total non-financial business sectoremployment, but generated about 50% of all new jobs created.This period in Brazil was characterised by high employmentgrowth and by a remarkable dynamism in entrepreneurialactivity. This was shown in the increased birth rate of firms anda very strong role of young businesses in employment creation,both in services and manufacturing.
The Committee on Digital Economy Policy (CDEP) closelycollaborates with the Brazilian Centre of Studies on Information and
Building a knowledge-basedeconomy
Communication Technologies (CETIC)and works with Brazil as a keypartner in a joint project with the Inter-American Development Bank(IADB)that aims to develop policies in Latin America and theCaribbean to accelerate broadband roll-out and adoption. Brazilalso actively participates in the CDEP project on Benchmarkingof Information and Communication Technologies in Health Systems,a multi-stakeholder initiative to improve the availability andquality of health ICT data and indicators.
In April, Brazil hosted a high level multi stakeholder meetingin So Paulo, NETmundial, where about 800 ministers,representatives of private sector companies, non-governmentalorganisations and others from across the word gathered todiscuss the future of Internet governance.
www.oecd.org/sti/ict
www.oecd.org/sti/stpolicy
www.oecd.org/sti/sti-scoreboard-2013-brazil.pdf
www.oecd.org/sti/sti-outlook-2012-brazil.pdf
30. ACTIVE WITH BRAZIL
SCAN TO READTHE REP ORT
30. ACTIVE WITH BRAZIL
INDUSTRY&
http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/science-and-technology/oecd-science-technology-and-industry-outlook-2012_sti_outlook-2012-en#page1http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/science-and-technology/oecd-science-technology-and-industry-outlook-2012_sti_outlook-2012-en#page1http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/science-and-technology/oecd-science-technology-and-industry-outlook-2012_sti_outlook-2012-en#page1http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/science-and-technology/oecd-science-technology-and-industry-outlook-2012_sti_outlook-2012-en#page1http://www.inpi.gov.br/http://www.inpi.gov.br/http://www.inpi.gov.br/http://www.inpi.gov.br/http://www.epo.org/http://www.wipo.int/portal/en/index.htmlhttp://www.ipea.gov.br/http://www.ipea.gov.br/http://www.ipea.gov.br/http://www.ipea.gov.br/http://www.cetic.br/http://www.cetic.br/http://www.iadb.org/en/inter-american-development-bank,2837.htmlhttp://www.iadb.org/en/inter-american-development-bank,2837.htmlhttp://www.iadb.org/en/inter-american-development-bank,2837.htmlhttp://www.iadb.org/en/inter-american-development-bank,2837.htmlhttp://www.oecd.org/health/health-systems/benchmarkingofinformationandcommunicationtechnologiesictsinhealthsystems.htmhttp://www.oecd.org/health/health-systems/benchmarkingofinformationandcommunicationtechnologiesictsinhealthsystems.htmhttp://www.oecd.org/health/health-systems/benchmarkingofinformationandcommunicationtechnologiesictsinhealthsystems.htmhttp://www.oecd.org/health/health-systems/benchmarkingofinformationandcommunicationtechnologiesictsinhealthsystems.htmhttp://netmundial.org/http://netmundial.org/http://www.oecd.org/sti/icthttp://www.oecd.org/sti/stpolicyhttp://www.oecd.org/sti/sti-scoreboard-2013-brazil.pdfhttp://www.oecd.org/sti/sti-outlook-2012-brazil.pdfhttp://www.oecd.org/sti/sti-outlook-2012-brazil.pdfhttp://www.oecd.org/sti/sti-scoreboard-2013-brazil.pdfhttp://www.oecd.org/sti/stpolicyhttp://www.oecd.org/sti/icthttp://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/science-and-technology/oecd-communications-outlook-2013_comms_outlook-2013-en#page1http://netmundial.org/http://www.oecd.org/health/health-systems/benchmarkingofinformationandcommunicationtechnologiesictsinhealthsystems.htmhttp://www.iadb.org/en/inter-american-development-bank,2837.htmlhttp://www.cetic.br/http://www.cetic.br/http://www.ipea.gov.br/http://www.wipo.int/portal/en/index.htmlhttp://www.epo.org/http://www.inpi.gov.br/http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/science-and-technology/oecd-science-technology-and-industry-outlook-2012_sti_outlook-2012-en#page1http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/science-and-technology/oecd-science-technology-and-industry-outlook-2012_sti_outlook-2012-en#page18/13/2019 Active with Brazil
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INDUSTRY AND INNOVATION. 31
INNOVATION
Brazil plays a significant role in the worlds steel and related raw
materials markets. It is one of the largest iron ore producers in
the world and the largest steel producer by far in Latin America.
Nonetheless, steel consumption per capita in Brazil remains
far below the world average, indicating opportunities for
continued growth in this sector.
The OECD Steel Committee has had a long and fruitfulrelationship with Brazil, which participates actively in theCommittees discussions as an Associate. Brazil joins other
members of the Steel Committee in discussing concerns relatedto global steelmaking overcapacity, which weighs heavily on thefinancial sustainability of steel producers in Brazil and elsewhere,restrictive trade policies, government interventions in the steelsector, and the behaviour of state-owned steel enterprises andtheir potential impacts on competition.
Brazils engagement with the OECD on steel issues continues tostrengthen, with a representative of the Ministry of Development,Industry and Foreign Trade recently assuming vice-chairmanshipof the OECD Steel Committee.
The OECD is also committed to engaging with Brazilian steelindustry stakeholders, particularly through the Brazilian SteelInstituteand Latin American Steel Association,who are regularlyinvited to meetings and workshops of the Steel Committeeto share their views on the market outlook and to informpolicymakers of their position on trade and structural issues.www.oecd.org/sti/steel
www.oecd.org/sti/ind/developmentsinsteelmakingcapacityofnon-
oecdeconomies.htm.
Promoting a viableglobal steel industry
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Since 1970, the size of the world economy has more than tripled and its population
has increased by over 3 billion people. This unprecedented growth record has brought
prosperity and better life conditions for millions of people; notwithstanding, it has been
accompanied by environmental pollution and natural resource depletion. Without action,
the current growth model could ultimately undermine human development.
ENVIRONMEN
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NT&ENERGY
Promotingsustainable development
To ensure that natural resources are preserved for future
generations, social and economic development must be
accompanied by active green policies.
The OECD Environmental Outlook to 2050provides analysis ofeconomic and environmental trends and simulations of policyactions at the global level to address the key challenges in fourpriority areas: climate change, biodiversity, water and healthimpacts of pollution and environmental damage. As Key Partnercountries, Brazil, India and South Africa actively participated insome of the preparatory meetings for this report.
The OECDs Environmental Performance Reviews (EPRs)provideindependent assessments of OECD and key partner countriesprogress in achieving domestic and international environmentalpolicy commitments. The Brazilian Ministry of Environment hasrequested the OECD carry out an EPR of Brazil, with a particularfocus on protected areas and the conservation and sustainable useof biodiversity. The EPR is expected to be finalised in early 2015.
www.oecd.org/environment/outlookto2050
www.oecd.org/env/countryreviews
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34. ACTIVE WITH BRAZIL
Brazil is at the leading edge of deepwater and low-carbon
energy development. A consistent and integrated energy
strategy focusing on efficiency as well as supply is key to
reaping long term benefits.
The International Energy Agencys World Energy Outlook(WEO) presents authoritative projections of energy trends andinsights on what they mean for energy security, environmentalsustainability and economic development.The 2013 publicationincluded a special focus on the outlook for energy in Brazil.This examined both the growing energy needs of the domesticeconomy, as well as the perspective to further develop thecountrys resource base, from renewables and biofuels to themajor offshore hydrocarbon discoveries.
The WEO is widely considered as a key benchmark publicationfor data, analysis and projections for the energy sector. Analysisof consumption, production, trade, investment and energy-related carbon dioxide emissions is broken down by region orcountry, fuel and sector.
www.iea.org/