Active Safety Systems in Cars -Many semi-automated safety features are available today in new cars. -Building blocks for automated cars in the future.

Eugene A. Petersen Tire Program Manager-CR

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For over 80 years, Consumer Reports has been testing products and working to create a fairer, safer, and healthier marketplace.

Consumer Reports Nationwide Survey 1,097 Respondents likely to purchase a car in the next two years.

Safety Features of Interest

Key terms to know when buying a car. There is a lot of new features for consumers to consider.

• Autonomous car: A car capable of sensing its environment and driving itself without driver input.

• Semi-autonomous car: Limited car capabilities to steer, accelerate, brake, change lanes, and park. But needs a driver to cover the missteps.

• Forward-Collision Warning (FCW): Lasers, radar, or cameras to assess the possibility of impact with a vehicle ahead and alert the driver. CR thinks all cars should have this. • We asked 3,127 responding readers with 2014 model year cars equipped with FCW about the their

experience with this active safety system. According to our survey responses, the majority of people are satisfied with the systems—and 36 percent said that the systems saved them from accidents.

• Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB): Car senses imminent collision and hits the brake if the driver does not react. CR thinks all cars should have this.

– FCW and AEB can reduce injury insurance claims by 30% and reduce rear-end crashes by about 40%

according to the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety.

Key terms to know when buying a car. There is a lot of new features for consumers to consider.

• Lane-Keeping Assist (LKA): Some steering input to keep the car in it’s lane. Advanced version allows hands off the wheel.

• Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC): Automatically adjusts your car’s speed to the vehicle ahead. Some systems can bring your car to a full stop.

• Blind-Spot Warning (BSW): Alerts of vehicles you can’t see near your rear side. A CR favorite shared by consumers.

• Rear Cross Traffic Alert: Sense traffic that may cross your path as you reverse. Alert and some vehicles may automatically brake.

• Backup cameras: To be standard on all 2018 models. CR pushed for the law.

• Automatic High Beams: Many drivers don’t think about using high beams as often as they can.

More features being added

• Rear Collision Warning

• Crossroad Warning

• Lane Change Assist

• Evasion Aid

• Wrong-way Warning

• And more….

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Still no uniform description of Electronic Stability Control

Source: Wikipedia

FCW - Forward Collision What? Forward-Collision Warning: Lasers, radar, cameras used to assess the possibility of impact with a vehicle ahead and to alert the driver.

Manufacturer Warning Active Braking Manufacturer Warning Active Braking Acura Forward Collision Warning Collision Mitigation Braking System Lexus Advanced Pre-Collision System Pedestrian Pre-Collision System Audi Audi pre sense front Pre-Collision System BMW Collision Warning with Braking Function Lincoln Pre-Collision Assist with Pedestrian Protection Collision Warning with City Braking Function Mazda Forward Obstruction Warning Buick Forward Collision Alert Automatic Collision Preparation Smart Brake Support Smart City Brake Support Cadillac Forward Collision Alert Automatic Collision Preparation Mercedes Collision Prevention Assist Plus Chevrolet Forward Collision Alert Collision Mitigation Braking Distronic Plus Pre-Safe Brake Chrysler Full Speed Forward Collision Warning Plus Standard Collision Prevention Assist Plus Full Speed Forward Collision Warning with Crash Mitigation Mini Collision Warning with City Braking Function Dodge Forward Collision Warning with Crash Mitigation Full Speed Forward Collision Warning with Crash Mitigation Mitsubishi Forward Collision Mitigation System Fiat Full Speed Forward Collision Warning with Active Braking Nissan Forward Collision Warning Forward Emergency Braking Honda Collision Mitigation Braking System Subaru EyeSight Hyundai Forward Collision Warning Automatic Emergency Braking Toyota Pedestrian Pre-Collision System Autonomous Emergency Braking Pre-Collision System Infiniti Forward Collision Warning Forward Emergency Braking Volkswagen Forward Collision Warning Autonomous Emergency Braking Intelligent Brake Assist Front Assist with Autonomous Emergency Braking Jeep Full Speed Forward Collision Warning with Active Braking Volvo City Safety

Collision Warning with Full Auto Brake and Pedestrian Detection

IIHS

Safety Tech not Understood

Source: Toyota

Lane Departure Problems

“The LDW system is more of an annoyance than a safety feature. Unless you drive perfectly & never drift within your lane, it beeps at you.” - ‘14 Honda Odyssey

Lane Keeping Assist Problems

Steering assist to stay in a lane, but it is not autonomous driving.

Advanced Driver Assist Systems (ADAS)

• Combining ADAS systems moves driving into a new era.

• Lane assist, steering • Active braking • Blind spot • Adaptive cruise

• These (ADAS) systems are essentially convenience features. They are

partial automated systems requiring a driver for safe operation of the vehicle.

• Nomenclature examples – Autopilot (Tesla), Drive Pilot (Mercedes), Pilot Assist (Volvo)

Tesla’s Autopilot- Is this autopilot? ADAS: Who is driving? Driver with system oversight, or system with driver oversight?

Source: Airplane, Movie

Tesla’s Autopilot

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Semi-autonomous systems BMW/MERCEDES/TESLA/VOLVO – and more

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Why self-driving cars?

•What would you do in a self-driving car?

•Eating – 48 percent •Reading texts – 45 percent •Sending texts – 43 percent •Taking pictures – 36 percent •Accessing the internet – 36 percent •Tending to children – 32 percent •Recording videos – 26 percent •Watching movies – 21 percent •Reading a book – 19 percent

•Source: Statefarm.com

Ready or not autonomous cars are coming.

Cars with partial or full autonomous driving may will be common place in the next decade. How will government regulation impact the evolution of self-driving cars?

What is the vision of autonomous car movement? Disruptive technology or consumer safety feature?

• Autonomous cars for fleets – Gain experience before selling to the public? – Incentive to replace the paid driver in livery service (taxi, Uber, etc.). – Long-haul trucking may be impacted.

• Public acceptance?

– Safety or convenience feature. – Will the public want to drive…

• Impact on the car industry?

– Replacement tire market?

Critical reasons for considering autonomous driving. Critical reasons are not suggestive of the direct cause of crashes.

Driver error includes recognition, decision, performance (sleep or agility), and misc.

Source: NHTSA Report DOT HS 812 115

Tire considerations in the world of driverless cars. --The car becomes a transportation module and the driver is no longer an active member. Maintenance and serviceability are issues to be addressed.

• Smart tires will be needed – TPMS: pressure (and temperature) – Treadwear sensors – Weather-related sensors – Ride and handling feedback (road

conditions)

• Handling (Tailoring tires to vehicle dynamics) – Controlled speed limits and predictive

steering rates.

Source: Continental. The software deduces tread depth from gradual changes in tire rolling characteristics

Concept tires for autonomous cars Tires may become a integral part of the self-driving car

Source: Goodyear Tire

Goodyear Eagle 360 Maneuverability Connectivity

Goodyear IntelliGrip Road condition sensors Active wear sensors

Safety in CR’s Overall Score

Standard Safety Features • Points Add to CR Overall Score

• Forward Collision Warning • Low Speed Automatic Emergency Braking <= 55 mph • High Speed Automatic Emergency Braking > 55 mph

What can we do?

• Standard Names for Systems

• Tune to eliminate false alerts

• Allow drivers to adjust sensitivity

• Make effective safety systems standard

• Confirmation of driver engagement for semi-autonomous systems

Thank you!