Active Knowledge Modeling of Enterprises · Innovative design and knowledge reuse are the most competitive instruments of global ... Industrial platforms are visual web-solutions

EM2 –Active Knowledge Modelling of Enterprises Handouts

© 2005-2006 The ATHENA Consortium. 1

© 2005-2006 The ATHENA Consortium.

Active Knowledge Modeling

of EnterprisesAthena_AKM_EM2_slides.V1.0

Dr. Frank LillehagenCEO AKM AS

Active Knowledge Modeling of Enterprises – AKM of ELearn about the new AKM approach, dynamic model-designed methodologies and intelligent AKM Service Platforms that will give rise to new ways of designing products, building IT solutions and developing service-team organizations.

Present form and possible future web-based training solutionse-learning course or web-based model-composed course with modules developed using AKM technology.

Narrative summaryInnovative design and knowledge reuse are the most competitive instruments of global engineering and manufacturing. Critical challenges include cutting lead times for new products, increasing stakeholder involvement, facilitating life-cycle knowledge sharing, service provisioning, and support. Current IT solutions for product lifecycle management fail to meet these challenges because they are built to perform routine information processing, rather than support agile creative work. AKM provides the approach, methodology, and platform to build industrial platforms. Industrial platforms are visual web-solutions and services for industrial collaboration, composed and configured by activating enterprise knowledge.

Target groupsAdvanced course targeted at industrial managers, project managers in advanced research and innovation.



2© 2005-2006 The ATHENA Consortium.

AKM Vision, Mission and Strategy

• The AKM Vision is to allow industrial practitioners to compose and manage services, and model-configure workplaces for services execution.

• AKM Mission is to develop AKM platforms, enabling cross-enterprise and interdisciplinary design collaboration

• Our strategy is to work in leading innovation projects with selected industries, harnessing leading knowledge, best practices and novel solutions

Attendant requirementsIndustrial design background an advantage, and some Enterprise Modeling experience is useful for comprehending the AKM concepts.

Recommended precedence and follow-up materialsThe models used to generate the views used to produce these slides and more materials are found on: www.akmodeling.com.

Trainer introductionMake sure all are present and comfortable, and all have a handoutAsk of any experiences with EM or even AKM?




Integrated Product Life Cycle Models for MODULAR PRODUCT PLATFORMS

G O A L SG O A L S

M O D U L A R P R O D U C T P R O G R A MM O D U L A R P R O D U C T P R O G R A M

M A R K E T F L E X IB IL IT YM A R K E T F L E X IB IL IT Y P R O D U C T S T A B IL IT YP R O D U C T S T A B IL IT Y

M O D U L A R P R O D U C TM O D U L A R P R O D U C TM E A N SM E A N S

QQEE

Q Q LL EE

Harnessing Core Knowledge

Figure by courtesy of The Winquist Laboratory, Chalmers Technical University, Sweden

Top do

wn

modeli

ng ca

ptur

es

Voice o

f Cus

tomer

Bottom up modeling captures Voice of Technology

Middle out

modeling captures

Voice of Business

product characteristics

functions components

enterpriseknowledge

architecture

Top do

wn

modeli

ng ca

ptur

es

Voice o

f Cus

tomer

Top do

wn

modeli

ng ca

ptur

es

Voice o

f Cus

tomer



Middle out

modeling captures

Voice of Business

Middle out

modeling captures

Voice of Business

product characteristics

functions components

enterpriseknowledge

architecture

enterpriseknowledge

architecture

The car industry has always been a front-runner in adopting new technologies. This is also the case when it comes to exploiting the AKM technology.

The Enterprise Knowledge Architecture, built by AKM methods and tools, has as purpose to store the active knowledge models and its knowledge artifacts, from natural language requirements and capability descriptions to work-generative and supporting data.

The automotive and construction industries have their focus on open flexible product design and innovation platforms.




Business Opportunity

• The collaborative business need– “Innovative design is the most competitive instrument of global

engineering and manufacturing”, says Peter Fingar

• The timing is right– Industry challenges remain unsolved, demands have exploded, other

technologies have failed and visual web-computing have matured

• Enabling industrial services– AKM and web technologies, enabling Model-configured solutions,

constitute a knowledge-sharing medium and layers of generic platforms and services

The AKM technology complimented by web and visualization technologies open up for new approaches in developing and using IT. Concepts and solutions being pursued include:-Visual Collaboration Scenes on the web, configured and content composed by AKM models.-Model-configured and User-composed Platforms and Services, and WorkplacesThis will lead to leaner, more modular and more generic software services.




AKM of Enterprises - Objectives

Learn how and what about:

Active or interactive knowledge models, supporting new approaches, methodologies and solutions to support innovative design

The approach to transfer static and fragmented information into active, sharable and reusable knowledge

Creating collaboration spaces of reusable knowledge constructs to involve SMEs and novices without IT investments and training

Integrating the enterprise by aligning knowledge worker views asmodels, model-configured solutions and workplaces

New approaches to solutions development, and new ways of creating workplaces and performing design and creative work

ObjectivesThe participants will learn about the ATHENA MDI framework and will get a basic understanding of how MDA can be applied to solve interoperability issues.

ContentThe course will cover the following topics:•Welcome Addres - Value Propositions, Benefits, Industrial Challenges•Repeating some Core Modeling Concepts to help audiences navigate and understand the models that will be demonstrated

•Industrial examples of applying AKM: - car seat heating design and aircraft landing-gear engineering•The AKM Approach, denoted C3S3P; focusing customer delivery•CPPD Methodology; navigating a model with links to solution examples•AKM Platform and Service layers; -model-configured, user-composed platform services•AKM Concepts and Principles, supporting innovative design




Contents - Modules

• Welcome address• Motivation for AKM,:

- Value Propositions, Benefits, Industrial Challenges• Industrial Examples:

– Repeating some core modeling concepts– car seat heating and aircraft landing gear

• C3S3P Approach, – an AKM model focusing customer delivery

• Coffee Break• CPPD Methodology,

– navigating a model (links to solution)• AKM Platform and Service layers

– Model-configured, user-composed platform services• AKM Concepts and Principles,

– Supporting innovative design• Q and A and evaluation (portal)

The course is composed of seven modules developed using many AKM models with different purposes. The models are available over the web and will eventually be used to support a portal offering a wide range of adaptable training course services.




What is Active Knowledge Modeling?

Externalizing, sharing, discovering, harnessing and cultivating knowledge:

Models are created by experienced knowledge workersModels and modeling languages evolve as work is performedModels are composed of reflective views of many types

Representation of enterprise knowledge spaces:Enabling multi-dimensional modeling to handle complex dependenciesDeveloping and extending the Enterprise Knowledge ArchitectureEnabling view types, role views, and user defined views

Based on a web platform supporting model management:Model-designed and -generated workplacesModel-designed and -configured platforms and servicesModel Designed Solutions – new approach to SD&SE

Social and organizational developmentSupporting user networking, and competence and skill managementSupporting human collaboration and coordinationSupporting on-the-job-training and individual and team role-play

Active Knowledge Modeling of Enterprises will be thoroughly described and explained in a book with that title being authored by Frank Lillehagen and Prof. John Krogstie. The book will be published by Springer Verlag. The plan is to have it ready for distribution in late Summer of 2007.




Value Propositions

• Unleash the power of IT to support creative work– Drive IT by pragmatics, competent people’s knowledge– Compose customized business solutions from PLM, BPM, and SOA– New approach to IT development, delivery and support

• Reduce product development lead time– Reuse and adapt existing knowledge and product structures– Enable collaborative design and concurrent engineering– Reduce re-work and change management

• Increase innovation– Facilitate knowledge capture and osmosis– Implement visual collaboration spaces – Power networked innovation across supply- and consumer-networks

Application Systems and Software Systems Development are the roots of much industrial pain and escalating IT costs, and they will never support creative work.

New approaches inviting stakeholder involvement, user interaction, interoperable reusable solutions and open knowledge architecture integration will soon appear to revolutionize industrial computing!




Benefits

• Cut IT costs dramatically, particularly for networked partnering

• Reduce time-to-market for products by 20 to 30 %,

• Support on-the-job training, preparing workers for more aggressive bidding

• Support goal-oriented team-working raising peoples motivation

• Increasing stakeholder involvement, user interactions and interoperability

IT costs accounts for close to 40% of many industrial project costs, according to market analysts.

There are many market analyst sources that has published such numbers, among The Yankee Group, Cambashi, The Gartner Group and Forrester Research.




Industrial ChallengesEarly design is poorly supported (by courtesy of CR Fiat)

The red box illustrates the major discrepancy in vehicle innovation projects; the lack of interaction and collaboration among the Target setting process, including interpreting the voices of customers, business stakeholders and technology, the Sourcing Process selecting the best suppliers for designing the systems of the vehicle and the design process creating an open product family platform with services to support mass-.customization and multiple brand engineering and manufacturing planning.




Activation

• Activation = Initiative + Interpretation + Action• Three ways

– Manual: The users interpret the model and act accordingly– Automatic: The system interprets and executes the model– Interactive: The users and the system cooperaet or share actions

• Who does what when? Who takes the initiative?

Automatic Manual

Reactive users Proactive users

Interactive

Tasks and task-structures will support a flexible and at run-time sliding division among degree of interaction and automation.

Task-patterns support work process interaction for work execution that may trigger other clusters of tasks to execute automatically saving the users for much system, messaging, information and knowledge management work.




What is Active Knowledge

1. Enterprise aspects are mutually dependent – ”knowledge spaces”

2. The real-world is role, task, information and view oriented

3. Most models are schemaes of diagrams, charts and ”calculus”, ie. no knowledge layers, no reflection, and no reuse

4. Workflow and time-dimension phases must be relaxed/expanded,

5. Present Systems Engineering do not handle multiple parameter sets and aggregation , se upper figure

6. Visual knowledge representation and properties are poorly understood

7. Learning, design and problem-solving use similar methods and have similar needs, se lower figure

8. Legacy systems are a barrier to interoperability and reuse, made worse by legacy thinking.

CC

EXEX

DD

KK

SS

IIMM

AKMAKM

Active Knowledge is created in Enterprise Knowledge Spaces, and used to plan, execute, govern and support work. Pedagogues use the terms Situated or Work-generative knowledge, and recognize that knowledge exists in four layers, clearly separated by horizons, very much like the AKM discovery of the four Enterprise Knowledge Spaces.

The figure above illustrates that enterprise properties are all global and primary objects until designers embody them as measurable parameters. To support concurrent collaborative design and engineering users must be able to create and handle multiple parameter sets.

The second figure illustrates the spiral from Data to Information, through templates or views, to Knowledge through associations to other views and structures, to Competence through associations to actions and tasks , to Skill by performing work, to Experience by performing work in varying settings, to Methods evolution through gradual improvement, which generates new data.




Useful definition of KM

Creating Sustainable Competitive Advantage

through developing Competence &Skills

by ensuring continuous identification, acquisition, generation, harnessing and leveraging of Knowledge

Value

Work (Use of Competence)

Knowledge (In People, Documents and Tools )

What is Knowledge? Well, depending on which layer you are in or which horizon you are outside, ie. your proximity to the scene of action there are many good and valid definitions.

Active knowledge we define as; A continuous flux of knowledge among human minds and external knowledge representations or memories. The power of the external representations and memories depend on the capabilities of media and the encoding language.




Innovation Process

Resources

TimeDevelopment Implementation

ConcurrentDevelopment

No specificationchanges

Specifications Tested

Ideation Research Concept & Design Knowledge Development Competence Development

NormaloperationsFacts

Substantiatedidea

Ad-hocgroup

Specialist-teams

Specialist-teams

Seniorgroup

Operations

n

nn

n

n

n

n nn

nn

n

n

nn

n

CreativityKnowledgeDiscovery

ResourceCommitment

Adapted fromCoopers “Stage-Gate”, +++

Innovation and Invention are to different processes. What is called Ideation or Idea creation in the figure could involve invention of new concepts, methods and ways of working.

Innovation has to create values for most stakeholders, and to do that it has to also embrace the product life-cycle.




Contents - Modules


- Value Propositions, Benefits, Industrial Challenges• Industrial Examples:







The purpose of this section is give an overview of the industrial AKM models that will be used in the course. Navigating and using models and model-designed workplaces and solutions will help trainees understand the values of the AKM approach and the solutions that will be demonstrated in the succeeding modules. The AKM model view included are screen prints from models that can be found on the AKM portal www.akmodeling.com. i




Models and Containers

Models are clusters of closely related views, some formal and standardized other created to express new externalized and discovered knowledge.

Containers are placeholders for views that has some common characteristics, support a given domain’s concepts and methods or has closely related structures and views. They manage contents.




POPS Dimensions

• The POPS dimensions– Product– Organization– Process – System/Infrastructure

• In a design situation a Process requires an Organization and a System to develop the Product– The process describes what to do – The organization provides the resources and the skills– The system provides the services required

The most important enterprise knowledge space for innovation has these four main knowledge dimensions: Product, Organization, Process and System, also abbreviated POPS.

Adding other dimensions from one of the other three Enterprise Knowledge Spaces has lead to the term POP* as use in Athena.




Templates and Meta-models

Templates are used to build and manage repeatable language constructs and methods.

Meta-models define language and relations too the language permitted knowledge constructs, scripts and software components. They may consist of many other types of constructs as well.




Mutually Reflective Views

Product

Organ

i-za

tion

Complex relationships,

tasks, decisions

Process

System

• An object in one view will have reflections in other dimensions– No orthogonal, layered meta-hierarchy– No difference between modeling and metamodeling

• View connections and dependencies are designed or automatically created

• Types and kinds of views for each design role

• A content view for role A may be a definition view or functional view for role B

A model is a constellation of reflective views, integrating stakeholders, roles and disciplines, recursive task-structures allowing intelligent model behavior, repeatable flows supporting process hierarchies, and replicable templates for ease for reuse

The meaning of any element depends upon all the other elements (holistic models)




Contents - Modules


- Value Propositions, Benefits, Industrial Challenges• Core Modeling Concepts• Industrial Examples:







The car seat heating use-case has been developed in the EU project MAPPER in the course of the first 10 months.

Working on the use-case the team of practitioners, providers and researchers has followed the AKM Approach, but the CPPD methodology has to be developed in parallel with the use-case.




AKM’s shown in the Seminar

Models Kongsberg Automotive AB (KA)• Scaffolding Model to illustrate approaches to introduce AKM• Solution Model, focusing Requirements Handling and agreed

purpose of the models• Scenario Model, piloting Material Specification etc. to

illustrate the applications of executable task-patterns

• CPPD Methodology Model to illustrate what is involved in terms of methodologies and services for customer adaptation and extension

Models from other sources, Athena and AKM• Collaboration Space Model from the Athena project to

illustrate platform and services for formation and use• AKM Approach Model from AKM to illustrate the steps of

introducing and delivering AKM solutions to industry

Kongsberg Automotive AB is one of three industrial use-case providers participating in the EU IST Project 50 83 11 MAPPER.

Kongsberg Automotive is a tie 2 supplier of seat comfort to seat suppliers, and a tier 1 suppliers of gear shift systems and PVC hoses.




Kongsberg – Scaffolding Model

The second step in our customer delivery process:Purpose: Get a solid understanding of each others knowledge, differences, ambitions and maturity. Start understanding the

opportunities that the AKM Approach offers.Outcome or Result: A model describing current practices and structures at an fairly abstract level adequate for understanding how work

is performed today and how information, data and knowledge is harnessed and represented either on paper or in

static schema database.Roles involved: Manager Advanced Engineering, Product Manager, Customer Sales, Product Engineers and Innovation ResearchersApproach The modeling is performed in workshops or open working meetings over one or two days, working top-down to

capture the logical flows, their POPS structures and key roles and their responsibilities.Methodologies All part of CPPD: - Dynamic Language design modeling, dynamic structure evolution, and property and parameter-

tree embodiment in product structures built from configurable components.Scope of modeling: Focus on the Innovative POPS dimensions, but mention the importance of the role/personal space in progressing the

design by interactions.




Kongsberg – Innovation Process

The critical processes are modeled as process maps. The main purpose is to get an overview and understanding. Logical flows and process execution details belongs to the next step; Solutions Modeling.

The map above focuses on the Innovation Process and the interesting observation is that product innovation, product development and planning, and production planning and operations were not considered as belonging to one and the same logical business process hierarchy.This integrating top-down top-down modeling of processes are key for overall improvements and analysis, avoiding sub-optimizations. This as stated belongs to the next step.




Kongsberg – Product Structures

The most important product structures found in most industries are:-Life-cycle Product Logistics to support system and part communications among customers, dealers, manufacturers and suppliers,-Design principles and functional solutions, modeled as Function-Means trees, this supports initial analyses of principles,-Topological and geometric product structures captures constraints and design rules that must be adhered to.-Conceptual design structure, this supports choice of form and materials and the core properties of the product,-System-functional design this supports the property embodiment a parameter-trees for value propagation and aggregation,-Technical product structures supports parameter calculations and analyses, starting with geometric dimensions, materials and quality, weight, cost, and centre of gravity, 1st, 2nd and possibly 3rd MoI, then whatever static or dynamic analysis is required,-Assembly and Production planning product structures, including services structures for life-cycle support

-Material-lists and other aspect views can be derived from many of these structures.can be deducted from many




Kongsberg – Seat Heating Design

This is an approved design concept for seat heating, stored in an designer idea repository, the solution is based on the principle of embedded heating wire in the seat and back.

The design is supported by a dynamically evolving language, available in the left pane of a dynamic workplace. More on workplace design later.




Seat Heating Solution

The is a seat heating design layout solution with its core components.




Holistic Design Approach

This is the total design solution knowledge architectures, including relevant requirements, constraints, and dependencies.




Supporting Collaborative Design

• Design requires support for– Instance-driven modelling– Designer-managed meta-data– Strong viewing and presentation capabilities– Model and view comparison, merging, alignment and

differentiation– Parameter-structure propagation and aggregation to manage

values– Concurrently working on alternative solution models

• Concurrency requires support for– New ways of supporting work management– Task definition, monitoring, assignment, execution and

management– Service-team organizations– Managing multiple types and kinds of views

Applying and exploiting the AKM and web-technologies will change the industrial approach to design. The AKM Platform on the web is an intelligent knowledge-sharing medium that can help designers navigate product structures, integrate product structures, handle views and parameter-sets among roles, and provide new views for balancing work and enable design meetings and extensive collaboration.

SME’s can be involved without investments in IT. Some investment in modeling their competencies and skills and products, services and core work processes can not be avoided, but the modeling may be performed by dedicated partner teams.




Contents - Modules



– car seat heating and aircraft landing gear• C3S3P Approach,

– an AKM model focusing customer delivery• Coffee Break• CPPD Methodology,




The customer delivery process has seven major steps that will be explained in terms of: - purpose, roles inmvolved




The Delivery Process

Start Approach Model!

The customer Delivery process has seven major steps, that may overlap.-Concept testing: - giving the customer a taste of AKM-Scaffolding - as already demonstrated-Scenarios Piloting- where we capture best-practice work processes, as normalized task-patterns with reference to supporting product structures and knowledge bases,-Solutions Modeling – where scoping and planning realization of solutions start with involved stakeholders and roles-Platform configuration: - involving using AKM to customize services and workplaces integrating other software systems and tools-Practice and operate;- this phase is for users to train and get familiar with the solutions and give feedback to the other service-teams about their contributions.-Performance Measurement:- is about benchmarking and validating that targeted goals have been met, missed or surpassed by how much.




Top-Down Modeling of DP

Start C3S3P Model

This shows a model of the delivery process modeled as a process hierarchy to provide consistent and coherent logical flows, that are important for the logic of role dependencies, view relationships, task-structures, repository identification schemes and more.

This top-down modeling of the process hierarchy is a major process aspect of Solutions Modeling




Operational Knowledge Architectures

• A common framework (model) for reusing sub-models across networks

• Clearly defined ownership of each model and main variants

• Clearly defined links to support:– Sub-model inclusion– Clearly defined ownership to cross-model relationships

• Common views for analysis and presentation:– Handling overlapping and conflicts– Achieving simplification and reuse

The Enterprise Knowledge Architecture, abbreviated EKA, is the name for the integrated knowledge representing the logic (nerve center) of the enterprise.




Modeling Architecture

Each container represents a sub-model

Relationships imply sub-model inclusion

The solution models, platform and services architectures is still a topic for research.




Contents - Modules








The Collaborative Product and Process Design methodology is being developed by AKM AS.

CPPD will embrace methods for handling dynamic language design evolution




The CPPD Methodology

The AKM Approach, the CPPD methodology and the AKM Platform are three dimensions of future networked Buiness Community Spaces. The fourth naturally being the structures of enterprises and collaborative service teams that will be involved in the community business projects and initiatives.

This is new knowledge and we will use our own technology to model it for increased understanding and simplification




Intelligent Product Structures

Many modularization methodologies exist, and in Sweden a new methodology with the same objectives called Configurable Components have emerged. This is very well suited for implementation in AKM technology.

The outcome could be:-Integrated product structures with consistent embodiment of methods and parameter sets,-Configurable product-structuring components a self-configuring and –adapting models,-Configured workplaces to provide interactive assistance to configure the components to meet all operational expectations.




Customer Solution Model

An industrial innovation project requires dedicated teams of people that must be able to work intimately close together and be willing to try new approaches and techniques to perform their work.

To overcome trust and confidence barriers and be willing to share knowledge and IPR they must see clear benefits.




Project Collaboration Space

Setting up the Project Collaboration Space implies modeling the partners innovation space with its POPS dimensions first, then modelling the Project innovation space integrating the partners.

This is a task for the Platform Integration service-team.




The EADS Athena Use-Case

This is an example of the modeled collaboration space demonstrated at the Paris Review in Athena in June 2006.

It supports part change management between the landing gear supplier and sub-suppliiers.




EADS Use-Case Solution

This is the resulting model needed to support workplaces driven from the landing-gear supplier collaboration space.




Contents - Modules








The AKM Platform has six well defined layesr.

Its development started long back in time, but more recent advances in service and knowledge architecture thinking has removed many barriers for implementing design platforms without programming pragmatic logic, replacing programming with visual modeling.




The GUI’s of the AKM Platform

Click on Process in the the working or content pane of this designer GUI to get a view of the work process being performed.




States of Process Tasks

Click on product in the context or navigation pane of the GUI to look at the composition of the product structures being worked on.




Product-structure Components

Designers need to work with tasks and task-patterns to build integrated and configurable product structures.

Click on Organization to see the roles and responsibilities.




Work performance – Task execution

Knowledge Work is performed by task, task structure and task-pattern execution. Tasks are assigned to qualified and available people.

Click on System to see the services made available for the roles involved.




Customizing Platform & Services

Extending platform with new software and knowledge components, and adapting services and GUIs using model-configured workplaces and services.

Click on My Workplaces, and go to workplace deign, to see the configuring of workplace contents




Defining Workspaces

Look and feel and contents of workplaces are configured by business knowledge models.




AKM Technical Architecture

Metis Enterprise Server

Metis Enterprise Repository

Metis Team Server

Metis Repositories

Metis Client ToolsMetis Client Tools

Metis CollectionMetis Collection

Portal / Dashboard

Portal / Dashboard

Reporting System

Reporting System

Policy Management

Policy Management

Workflow Engine

Workflow Engine

Web InterfaceWeb Interface

Model DesignedPortal

Model DesignedPortal Event

CoordinationInterface

EventCoordination

Interface

View Management ServicesView Management Services

ExecutionServices

ExecutionServices

CustomerWeb Content and Services

CustomerWeb Content and Services

CustomerData Sources

CustomerData Sources

CustomerExecutionSystems

CustomerExecutionSystems

CustomerApplication Front-Ends

CustomerApplication Front-Ends

Based on Metis Enterprise from Troux Technologies Inc., a commercially proven modeling platform for Enterprise Architecture:

Supporting multi-dimensional modelingProviding view management supporting mutually reflective viewsImplementing a customizable layered service architectureConfiguring solutions by descriptive modelsProviding task management supporting simplified context modelingCoordinating events through shared collaboration spacesEnabling learning & reuse anchored in practical solutions using templates




Layered Service Architecture

Model- Driven Sector Solutions

Model-Driven Application Services

Model-Configurable User-Composable Platform Services

Service- Oriented Architecture (IT)

Task management

MUPS UI components

MUPS Service Wrappers

MUPS Configuration Architecture

Metis Enterprise Metis Client

IT Infrastructure: repositories, APIs

Collaborative Product and Process

Design, CPPD platform

CustomerSolutions

Pilots

Partners and customers extend the platforms on different levels,

filling different roles in the service team

organization, forming a software

supply chain

These six layers are composed by applying AKM modeling. If new basic capabilities are needed they are either linked to through models or linked into the Metis Enterprise platform at the lowest layer by using the services of the second layer.




MAPPER Service Architecture

Metis ClientTRMS

CURE

ConcertChat

Metis Enterprise

Metis Team

Model- Driven Sector Solutions

Model-Driven Application Services

Model-Configurable User-Composable Platform Services

Service- Oriented Architecture (IT)

Task management

Metis Enterprise web service plugin

Metis Enterprise configurable portal services

MAPPER WP5 web services

IT Infrastructure: repositories, APIs

MAPPER Enterprise Modeling

Methodology

CustomerSolutions

Automotive supplier pilots

MAPPER WP5HTML user services

Automotive manufacturer

pilot

ElectronicsSME pilot

MAPPER Portfolio

Management Methodology

MAPPER Collaborative

Learning Methodology

MAPPER Collaboration

Formation Methodology

Collaboration space

The user scenario solutions in the MAPPER project has so far successfully employed the AKM technology.

This view illustrates and identifies results achieved with AKM by October 2006.




Contents - Modules








The contents, scope and views of this module will vary greatly with audience.




Enterprise Knowledge Spaces

Enterprise knowledge exists in four Enterprise Knowledge Spaces, denoted:

-IRTV, POPS, SNPP and VRII, all have 4 main dimensions.

In an operational enterprise these spaces and their borders and dimensions are hard to identify and separate.

Many sciences and practices are based on recognised knowledge spaces including: -SSFT (human mind), OODA (military tactics), OCAR (action theory), PPPC (construction planning), ,.., AMIS (generalised AKM concept).




Role Allocation and Activation

Workplaces can be designed and pre-configured.

The arrow indicates mutual dependencies between the contents of the two panes.




Collaborative Product Structures




Role views of Product structures

Product structure views, configurable components and services can be assigned to roles and persons.

The arrow indicates mutual dependencies between the contents of the two panes.




EKA Approach to Meta-levels

“One mans roof is another mans floor” says work management consultants• A model built by one person may be the language definition for persons.• At building time you may not know that the model at a later stage will be used as a language definition.

Concepts•No conceptual difference between an instance and its meta-object. •It is the relationship between the two that determines whether one can be regarded as a meta-object of the other or not.•The number of meta-levels cannot be predefined - it depends on the purpose of the models.

Usage;•EKA is meant to support design as well as other aspects of product lifecycles.•The language must evolve as the design progresses.




Property propagation using Aspects

Aspects are important for view, method, property and parameter value inheritance and propagation, which covers areas not covered by classe.




Views defined by Roles and Tasks

In enterprise knowledge spaces we have reflective role views, so there are an abundance of kinds of views. Some of these kinds are defining views, others are content views, functional views and yet others are context preserving views.

View Management is very important to the AKM approach, and a cornerstone of AKM technology.




Intelligent adaptive EM Language

Dynamic adaptive language, reflecting growing knowledge as design progresses, is the key to enable design innovative design.This will also support iterations and automatic recursion of task structures to enforce design rules and methods.




Inserting the AKM Layer

BusinessOperations

Architecture (BOA)

IT Architectures

BPMEnterprise models

MDA SOACOTS

Bottom-up, not business driven.Gap causes discontinuities

resulting in management nightmaresand lack of reuse

AKM models is the integrator of al enterprises, separating the varying business demands from the multitude of systems with stakeholders.




AKM Layer Capabilities

BOA

EKA

ICT

BPMBusiness models

Execu-tabletasks

MDA SOA ASACOTS

Repository services

MUPSPOPS

EKA Services

Today: Many non-interoperable

reference models.

A multitude of perspectives and interlaced views

Layers of knowledge with many views for different purposes

Multitude of reference models must be

integrated into the knowledge architecture

Repository services are key to model-

designed solutions

Software architectures supporting

“plug-and-play”

This view is primarily for enterprise and system architects, but also for all those involved in developing the more than 35 reference models that exist, developed and delivered on paper by as many interest organizations.

This is very well described in the Athena deliverable DB-4.2 Reference Models.




Partial Metamodels

For a given model what do we want to do?

•Add new properties and/or methods to types in an existing metamodel.•Add new types (object and/or relationship) to an existing metamodel.•Add new visualization of types and an existing metamodel•Do other metamodel extensions

How to do this?Currently this is done in most tools by subtyping, but this is not a very good solution.The preferred approach is to add a partial metamodel to a model that supplements the language definitions in the original metamodel without modifying it.




Big Models - Sub-Models

The Sub-model approach to solve the issues:Divide the model into sub-models to get more manageable units.This solves many of the problems above, but has also some drawbacks.The typical way to divide models in sub-models is to base it on the principle divide-by-decomposition.

•This is useful when the responsibility for creation and maintenance follows the same structure.•But in many cases the responsibility is based on areas-of-concern which is a lot harder to use as a basis for sub-model division. One reason is that the same object may occur in several areas of concern.

Access control can be implemented as model locking, i.e. only one person is allowed to modify a sub-model at a given time.




View Models

View Models as a way to solve the issues:

A View model is the result of one or more queries sent to the enterprise model.Due to its dynamic definition a view model will be able to support both divide-by-decomposition and areas-of-concern model structures. But a real modeling situation requires the ability to do concurrent modeling in a way that prevents users from overriding each others changes without knowing it. Since the same object may be part of several view models at a given time, it follows that view models require object locking to ensure access control.




For further models and materialks, visit:

www.activeknowledgemodeling.com

Qustions and Answers

Underline the importance of filling in the evaluation sheet

Remind the audience of the models on the web, and the AKM book to be published.




This course has been developed under the funding of the EC with the support of the EC ATHENA-IP Project.

Disclaimer and Copyright Notice: Permission is granted without fee for personal or educational (non-profit) use, previous notification is needed. For notification purposes, please, address to the ATHENA Training Programme Chair at [email protected]. In other cases please, contact at the same e_mail address for use conditions. Some of the figures presented in this course are freely inspired by others reported in referenced works/sources. For such figures copyright and all rights therein are maintained by the original authors or by other copyright holders. It is understood that all persons copying these figures will adhere to the terms and constraints invoked by each copyright holder.

Thank you for your participation !

The knowledge herein is the IPR of the AKM AS company!