Activating Catalysts with Mechanical Force

1a : 3 mM , 6 oC , 60 min, conversion : 65 % (sonication)1a : 3 mM , 6 oC 60 min, conversion : 3 % (without sonication)1a : 0.6 mM , 95 oC , 45 min, conversion : 28%

Room temperature : no reaction80 oC , 60 min, conversion : 94%

6a : 1 mM , 20 oC , 60 min, conversion : 14% 6b : 1 mM , 20 oC 60 min, conversion : 36% 7 : 1 mM , 20 oC , 150 min, conversion <1%

1 mM 6b solution (sonication) +10 mM of PCy3

1 mM 6b solution (sonication) + 10 mM of PCy3 +100 mM of DEDAM

1 mM 6c 20 oC (sonication) conversion : 90% 1 mM 6c 20 oC (no sonication) conversion : 2%