Action of Breach and Extinguishment of Sale

8/9/2019 Action of Breach and Extinguishment of Sale

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ACTIONS FOR BREACH OFCONTRACT OF SALE OF GOO

Art. 1594. Actions for brec! of t!e contrct of

#oo$s s!"" be #o%erne$ &rtic'"r"( b( t!e &roof t!is C!&ter) n$ s to *tters not s&eci+c"&ro%i$e$ for !erein) b( ot!er &&"icb"e &ro%isiot!is Tit"e.

Action for payment of the price (Art. 1595);

Action for damages for non- acceptance of goods (ArtAction for rescission of the contract (Art. 1597)

Action for specic performance (Art. 1598)

Action by the byer for rescission and damages for b!arranty (Art. 1599)


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Art. 1595. ,!ere) 'n$er contrct of s"e) t!e o-nerst!e #oo$s !s &sse$ to t!e b'(er n$ !e -ron#f'""( nor ref'ses to &( for t!e #oo$s ccor$in# to t!e ter*s contrct of s"e) t!e se""er *( *intin n ction #for t!e &rice of t!e #oo$s.

,!ere) 'n$er contrct of s"e) t!e &rice is &(b"e ocertin $() irres&ecti%e of $e"i%er( or of trnsfer of titt!e b'(er -ron#f'""( ne#"ects or ref'ses to &( s'c! &se""er *( *intin n ction for t!e &rice "t!o'#! t!o-ners!i& in t!e #oo$s !s not &sse$. B't it s!"" be $efense to s'c! n ction t!t t!e se""er t n( ti*e bt!e '$#*ent in s'c! ction !s *nifeste$ n inbi"it&erfor* t!e contrct of s"e on !is &rt or n intention&erfor* it.

A"t!o'#! t!e o-ners!i& in t!e #oo$s !s not &sse$) icnnot re$i"( be reso"$ for resonb"e &rice) n$ if t&ro%isions of rtic"e 159/) fo'rt! &r#r&!) re not&&"icb"e) t!e se""er *( o0er to $e"i%er t!e #oo$s tob'(er) n$) if t!e b'(er ref'ses to recei%e t!e*) *( nb'(er t!t t!e #oo$s re t!erefter !e"$ b( t!e se""er for t!e b'(er. T!erefter t!e se""er *( tret t!e #oo$b'(ers n$ *( *intin n ction for t!e &rice.


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Action for &(*ent of t!e &rice *( be *intint!e %en$or -!en"

#hen the o!nership of the goods has passed to the bhe !rongf$$y neg$ects or refses to pay sch price;

#hen the price is payab$e on a certain day and the b!rongf$$y neg$ects or refses to pay sch price) irresof $e"i%er( or of trnsfer of tit"e3and

#hen the goods cannot readi$y be reso$d for a reasonaand the b'(er -ron#f'""( ref'ses to cce&t t!e*

before the o!nership in the goods has passed. (Art. 15&ote" 'f there is no stiab$e reason for byer to refseacceptance despite of de$i%ery goods the tit$e to the gpasses to the byer from the moment they are p$aced disposa$.


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An ction #inst t!e b'(er for $*#es for non7cce*( be *intine$ b( t!e %en$or if in cse t!e b'(er-ron#f'""( ne#"ects or ref'ses to cce&t n$ &( for t#oo$s.

In e6ec'tor( contrct) -!ere o-ners!i& in t!e #oo$s

&sse$) n$ t!e se""er cnnot *intin n ction to t!s r'"e 8See Art. 1595) t!e se""er:s re*e$( -i"" be for $*#es.

;es're*ent of $*#es for non7cce&tnce of #oo$

If t!ere is %i"b"e *ret < $i0erence bet-een contr&rice n$ *ret &rice. *he measre of damage is the est$oss direct$y and natra$$y res$ting from the byer+s breach contract.

,ontract price (amont of the ob$igation !hich byer fai$ed tand maret or crrent price (%a$e of goods !hich the se$$er pon him). amages comprehend not on$y the acta$ $oss sbt a$so nrea$i0ed prot (Artic$e 22).


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'f there is no a%ai$ab$e maret in !hich goods can be sotime the se$$er is entit$ed to the f$$ amont of damagehe rea$$y sstained by a breach of contract.

Artic$e 1593 in specia$ circmstances pro4imate damabe c$aimed. n top of the di/erence bet!een the contrand crrentmaret price se$$er may be entit$ed reasonattribte to the non-performance of the ob$igation.

easre of damages for repdiation or contermand

'n case of the repdiation of the contract by the byer

measre of damages to !hich the se$$er is entit$ed !oinc$de"

1.*he $abor performed and e4penses incrred for materbefore recei%ing notice of the byer+s repdiation and

.rot he !o$d ha%e rea$i0ed if the sa$e had been f$$yperformed.


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Art. 159=. ,!ere t!e #oo$s !%e not been $e"i%eret!e b'(er) n$ t!e b'(er !s re&'$ite$ t!e contrs"e) or !s *nifeste$ !is inbi"it( to &erfor* !isob"i#tions t!ere'n$er) or !s co**itte$ brec!t!ereof) t!e se""er *( tot""( rescin$ t!e contrct

b( #i%in# notice of !is e"ection so to $o to t!e b'(eT!e %en$or *( rescin$ t!e s"e of #oo$s -!ic! !(et $e"i%ere$ -!enitab$e mortgage is one !hich a$thogh it $acs the pro

forma$ities of a mortgage sho!s the intention of the parties tproperty as secrity for a debt.

esigned to pro%ide safegards and restriction against the e%!ith right of reprchase common$y ca$$ed pacto de retro sa$e.

't is possib$e that this is resorted to concea$ the rea$ agreemenparties. *he intention of the parties is that the pretended pris money $oaned and in order to secre the payment of $oan aprporting to be a sa$e !ith right to reprchase is dra!n. *his

nder the pacto commissorio r$e the mortgagor or p$edger ito atomatica$$y appropriate the thing p$edged or mortgaged non-payment of the $oan. *his stip$ation is %oid. ence insteappropriation mortgagor or p$edger !i$$ ha%e to case the forthe mortgage or pb$ic sa$e of the p$edge for them to co$$ect tagainst the debtor from the proceeds of the forec$osre or sa$procedre is $ong rigoros and e%en cost$y. ence by resortischeme they may indirect$y a%oid the procedre by concea$inagreement. Dor this %ery reason this pro%ision !as created.


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ETINGISH;ENT OF SALArtic$e 162 creates a disptab$e presmption onnot a$$ pacto de retro sa$e is a form of re$ati%e simcontract. *he presmption is created if there is aindication or inference that the rea$ intention of thto the transaction sha$$ secre the payment of theperformance of any other ob$igation.

Any money frits or other benet to the recei%edbyer sha$$ be treated as rent or other!ise sha$$ bconsidered as interest !hich sha$$ be sbect to th$a!s.


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ETINGISH;ENT OF SALArt. 1/. In cse of $o'bt) contrct &'r&orbe s"e -it! ri#!t to re&'rc!se s!"" be cons n e'itb"e *ort##e.

Art. 1/4. T!e &ro%isions of Artic"e 1/@ s!""&&"( to contrct &'r&ortin# to be n bso"'

Art. 1/5. In t!e cses referre$ to in Artic"es n$ 1/4) t!e &&rent %en$or *( s for t!refor*tion of t!e instr'*ent.


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ETINGISH;ENT OF SALArt. 1//. T!e ri#!t referre$ to in Artic"e 1/t!e bsence of n e6&ress #ree*ent) s!"" fo'r (ers fro* t!e $te of t!e contrct.

S!o'"$ t!ere be n #ree*ent) t!e &erio$ ce6cee$ ten (ers.

Ho-e%er) t!e %en$or *( sti"" e6ercise t!e rre&'rc!se -it!in t!irt( $(s fro* t!e ti*e

'$#*ent -s ren$ere$ in ci%i" ction on tt!t t!e contrct -s tr'e s"e -it! ri#!t re&'rc!se.


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ETINGISH;ENT OF SALerio$ to e6ercise t!e ri#!t to re&'rc!se in con%entiore$e*&tion *( be e6ercise$"

'f there is no agreement granting the %endor the right to redeis no right of redemption since the sa$e is considered as an ab'f the parties agreed on$y on the right to redeem on the part o%endor bt there is a tota$ absence of e4press stip$ation as to!ithin !hich the reprchase sho$d be made then the period redemption sha$$ be for (@) years from the date of contract;'f the parties agree on a denite period of redemption then tredeem mst be e4ercised !ithin the period 4ed pro%ided it

e4ceed 12 years;'f the parties agree that the %endor sha$$ ha%e the right to redthey intend a period !hich ho!e%er is not specied (e.g. at a%endor has the money) then the redemption period is 12 yearDrom the time na$ dgment !as rendered in a ci%i$ action onthat the contract !as a tre sa$e !ith the right to reprchase a retro has 32 days !ithin !hich to e4ercise the right to repr1626)


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ETINGISH;ENT OF SAL

eason for $imiting period of redemption is premis>estion of pb$ic interest.

erio$ of Re$e*&tion cnnot be e6ten$e$ e6&irtion bec'se -!t is to be e6ten$e$"re$( e6tin#'is!e$. ?efore its e4piration it ce4tended pro%ided the e4tension inc$ding the orterm sha$$ not e4tend beyond 12 years; other!isee4tension is %oid as to the e4cess.


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ETINGISH;ENT OF SALArt. 1/=. In cse of re" &ro&ert() t!e conso"i$o-ners!i& in t!e %en$ee b( %irt'e of t!e fi"'re

%en$or to co*&"( -it! t!e &ro%isions of rtic"e 1s!"" not be recor$e$ in t!e Re#istr( of ro&ert( '$ici" or$er) fter t!e %en$or !s been $'"( !

Notes) *( co*&e" t!e %en$or to re$ee* t!e -

&ro&ert() if t!e "tter -is!es to *e 'se of tri#!t of re$e*&tion.

Art. 1/1@. If se%er" &ersons) oint"( n$ in t!contrct) s!o'"$ se"" n 'n$i%i$e$ i**o%b"eri#!t of re&'rc!se) none of t!e* *( e6erciri#!t for *ore t!n !is res&ecti%e s!re.

T!e s*e r'"e s!"" &&"( if t!e &erson -!o si**o%b"e "one !s "eft se%er" !eirs) in -!cse ec! of t!e "tter *( on"( re$ee* t!e &-!ic! !e *( !%e c'ire$.


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Art. 1/1. In t!e cse of t!e &rece$in# rtic%en$ee *( $e*n$ of "" t!e %en$ors or cot!t t!e( co*e to n #ree*ent '&on t!e&'rc!se of t!e -!o"e t!in# so"$3 n$ s!o'"

fi" to $o so) t!e %en$ee cnnot be co*&e""econsent to &rti" re$e*&tion. 81515

Art. 1/14. Ec! one of t!e co7o-ners of n'n$i%i$e$ i**o%b"e -!o *( !%e so"$ !ise&rte"() *( in$e&en$ent"( e6ercise t!e

of re&'rc!se s re#r$s !is o-n s!re) n$%en$ee cnnot co*&e" !i* to re$ee* t!e -&ro&ert(. 8151/


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Art. 1/15. If t!e %en$ee s!o'"$ "e%e se%er" !eirs) t!e ction for re$e*&tion cnnot be bro'ec! of t!e* e6ce&t for !is o-n s!re) -!et!er t!e t!in# be 'n$i%i$e$) or it !s been &rtitiot!e*.

B't if t!e in!eritnce !s been $i%i$e$) n$ t!e t!in# so"$ !s been -r$e$ to one of t!e !efor re$e*&tion *( be instit'te$ #inst !i* for t!e -!o"e. 8151=

Art. 1/1/. T!e %en$or cnnot %i" !i*se"f of t!e ri#!t of re&'rc!se -it!o't ret'rnin# to t!e&rice of t!e s"e) n$ in $$ition

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Action of Breach and Extinguishment of Sale