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ACT English Test
Sentence Structure
Sentence Structure
• Independent clause. New independent clause.
• Independent clause, (conjunction) independent clause.
– FAN BOYS (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)
• Independent clause ; independent clause.• Independent clause, dependent clause.• Dependent clause, independent clause.
• Independent Clause– Subject– Predicate
• Conjunctions:– FAN BOYS
• For, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
• Dependent Clause– It can’t stand alone
• Watch out for:– When, where, why,
how, if, as, because, although, while, despite, that, who, what
What type sentence?
• Jane lit the campfire. Frank set up the tent.• Independent clause. New independent clause.
• Jane lit the campfire, while Frank set up the tent.• Independent clause, dependent clause.
• As Jane lit the campfire, Frank set up the tent.• Dependent clause, independent clause.
• Jane lit the campfire, and Frank set up the tent.• Independent clause, (conjunction) independent clause.
• Jane lit the campfire; Frank set up the tent.• Independent clause ; independent clause.
4 Errors In Sentence Structure
1. Sentence Fragments2. Run-ons and comma splices3. Misplaced Modifiers4. Non-parallel construction
Sentence Fragments #1
• The sentence only has a dependent clause. No second half.
EX: The bride and groom drove away in their car. As the children ran behind, shouting and laughing.
a. NO CHANGEb. While thec. During which thed. The
Sentence Fragments #2
• Incorporate 2 sentences into one.
EX: Although it will always be associated with Shakespeare’s famous literacy character. The castle at Elsinore was never home to Hamlet.
a. NO CHANGEb. character, thec. character; thed. character. A
Error #2
Comma Splices• 2 independent clauses
held together with a coma.
– What to do:• Break it into 2
sentences.• Use a conjunction
Run-On Sentences• No comma present
– What to do:• Break it into 2
independent clauses.• Use a comma
Comma Splices/Run-Ons
EX: There is not much difference between the decision to enter politics and the decision to jump into a pit full of rattlesnakes, in fact, you might find a friendlier environment in the snake pit.
a. NO CHANGEb. Rattlesnakes. In fact,c. Rattlesnakes in factd. Rattlesnakes, in fact
Misplaced Modifiers
• Modifying phrase – a group of words without a subject.– Check that it is modifying the correct noun.– Construction shifts
• Move the modifier.
Non-Parallel Construction
• List of verbs (make sure they are in the same tense)
• List of nouns (no gerunds)• Starts with an infinitive, then stick with it.
What’s next?
• Complete the Sentence Structure Drill• Turn it in once you are done.• Put notes into ASK binder.