Anglo-Chinese School(Independent)

PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2010YEAR FOUR (EXPRESS)

ENGLISH LANGUAGE 1127/02 PAPER 2

Tuesday 6 July 2010 1 hour 40 minutes

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your index number in the spaces provided on the Answer Paper.

Answer all questions.

Leave a space of one line between your answers to each part of a question, e.g. between 1(a) and 1(b). Leave a space of at least three lines after your completed answer to each whole question.

Write your answers on the separate Answer Paper provided.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.

The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

Mistakes in spelling, punctuation and grammar may be penalised in any part of the Paper.

__________________________________________________________________This question paper consists of 7 printed pages. [Turn over

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Read Passage A and Passage B and then answer the questions which follow.

Passage A

Who Murdered the Virunga Gorillas?

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The killers waited until dark. On 22 July 2007, unknown assailants crouched in the forest, preparing to execute a family of gorillas. Hidden on a side slope of the Mikeno Volcano in the Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, armed with automatic weapons, the killers had hunted down the twelve-member Rugendo family, well-known among tourists and well loved by the rangers of Virunga National Park. The patriarch of the gorilla family, a 500-pound silverback named Senkwekwe, would have sensed that the assailants were near, but he would not have been alarmed. Senkwekwe had seen thousands of people and had come to accept their proximity as irritating but unavoidable. So habituated to humans was the Rugendo family that the gorillas would occasionally wander out of the forest into cornfields for an impromptu picnic, angering local farmers.

Park rangers at the nearby barracks said they heard shots at eight that night. On foot patrol the next morning, they found three female gorillas – Mburanumwe, Neza, and Safari – shot to death, with Safari’s infant cowering nearby. The following day, Senkwekwe was found dead: blasted through the chest that same night. Three weeks later the body of another Rugendo female, Macibiri, would be discovered, her infant presumed dead.

Just a month earlier, two females and an infant from another gorilla group had been attacked. The rangers had found one of the females, shot execution style in the back of the head; her infant, still alive, was clinging to her dead mother’s breast. The other female was never found.

All told, seven Virunga mountain gorillas had been killed in less than two months. Photographs of the dead creatures being carried like royalty by weeping villagers ran in newspapers and magazines around the world. The murders of these intelligent, unassuming animals the park rangers refer to as ‘our brothers’ ignited international outrage.

There was no shortage of suspects. The gorillas share the park with tens of thousands of heavily armed soldiers engaged in a three-way guerrilla war between two rival militias and the Congolese army. The park is also home to poachers and hordes of illegal charcoal producers, and it is bordered by subsistence farmers and vast refugee camps overflowing with families fleeing the bloodshed. Caught in this vortex of human misery, it would be a miracle if the animals remained unscathed. But who would kill gorillas in cold blood, and why?

One thing seemed certain from the moment the bodies of the gorillas were found last July: Poachers had not killed them. Poachers who prey on gorillas leave an unmistakable calling card: They kidnap the infants

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and cut off the heads and hands of the adults – to be sold on the black market. But these bodies were left to rot where they fell, and the motherless infants left to starve to death.

What about the soldiers swarming in Virunga National Park? In Goma, the grim capital of North Kivu only ten miles south of the park, Laurent Nkunda, the Congolese Tutsi general, had just signed a peace agreement with the Congolese army, but his rebels still controlled Mikeno, the sector of the park inhabited by gorillas. Nkunda’s troops are thought to have killed and eaten two mountain gorillas last year. The rebels had not allowed anyone in to see the creatures for six months, and most of the rangers had fled.

(adapted from National Geographic, July 2008 by Mark Jenkins)

Passage B

Scale of Gorilla Poaching Exposed

An undercover investigation has found that up to two gorillas are killed and sold as bushmeat each week in Kouilou, a region of the Republic of Congo. The apes’ body parts are then taken downriver and passed on to traders who sell them in big-city markets. Conducted by the conservation group Endangered Species International (ESI), the investigation helps expose the extent of gorilla poaching in the country. It fears hundreds more gorillas may be taken each year outside the region. The group began its investigation by going undercover, talking to sellers and traders at food markets in Pointe Noire, the second largest city in the Republic of Congo. Over the course of a year, investigators visited the markets twice a month, recording the amount of bushmeat for sale.

‘Gorilla meat is sold pre-cut and smoked for about $6 per “hand-sized” piece. Actual gorilla hands are also available,’ says Mr Pierre Fidenci, president of the ESI. ‘Over time we got the confidence of the sellers and traders. They gave us the origin of the gorilla meat and it all comes from a single region.’

The team then undertook an expedition to travel to the source of this meat, a forested area called Kouilou, which lies along the Kouilou River around 100 to 130km from Pointe Noire. Using the same boats that ferry the gorilla meat downriver to the city, the investigators travelled upstream, taking photographs and recording interviews with villagers which revealed the extent of the gorilla poaching. The investigators also undertook field surveys to ascertain the size of the population of wild western lowland gorillas living in the region.

‘According to interviews and field surveys, we think we may have about 200 gorillas left in the area,’ says Mr Fidenci. ‘But we estimate that 4% of the population is being killed each month, or 50% in a year. It is a lot.’ The poachers particularly target adult gorillas of reproductive age which

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carry the most meat. With such heavy hunting, the researchers believe gorillas could disappear from the region within a decade.

‘During our mission we observed killing of gorillas in the wild. In less than one week and a half in one particular area we had two adult gorillas killed for their meat,’ Mr Fidenci says. All the meat appears to be consumed in Pointe Noire rather than being exported. ‘The gorilla meat goes to the nearest, biggest and most profitable place,’ says Mr Fidenci. ‘Our study has disclosed the horrific scale of the endangered species market in the Republic of Congo, especially endangered gorillas sold as meat.’

Overall, ESI estimated that at least 300 gorillas are sold to markets each year in the country. Western lowland gorillas are one of two subspecies of Western gorilla, the other being the Cross River gorilla. Western lowland gorillas are considered to be critically endangered, as their population has fallen by more than 80% in three generations. Between 100000 and 125000 western lowland gorillas are thought to survive across their entire geographic range which spans several countries. But the dense and remote forest habitat in which they live often make it difficult to reliably estimate the population size.

(adapted from http://news.bbc.co.uk/earth/hi/earth_news/newsid_8256000/8256464.st15 September 2009, by Jody Bourton)

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Read Passage A and Passage B and then answer all the questions which follow below.You are recommended to answer the questions in the order set.Mistakes in spelling, punctuation and grammar may be penalised in any part of the paper.NOTE: When a question asks you to answer in your own words, YOU MUST NOT COPY THE WORDS IN THE PASSAGE IN YOUR ANSWER.

From Passage A:

From paragraph 1:

Write down the single word which implies that the killers’ actions were brutal and merciless.

In your own words, explain how Senkwekwe accepts the proximity of thousands of people.

Why do you think the local farmers were angered when gorillas ‘occasionally wander out of the forest into cornfields for an impromptu picnic’?

From paragraph 2:

Which single word conveys the idea of fear?

From paragraph 4:

Give two examples to show the villagers’ high regard for the Virunga gorillas.

Apart from their intelligence, in what other way, according to the passage, is the gorillas described as? Answer in your own words.

What do the words ‘ignited international outrage’ tell us about the reaction to the killing of the gorillas?

From paragraph 5:

Explain fully why it would be a miracle if the gorillas remained unharmed.

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From Passage B:

From paragraph 1:

Explain what the author means when he describes ‘the investigation helps expose the extent of gorilla poaching in the country’.

From paragraph 2:

What is the consequence of having gained the trust of the sellers and traders?

From paragraph 4:

What, above all, is the most important criterion for poachers?

From paragraph 5:

Explain fully in what way the ‘study has disclosed the horrific scale of the endangered species market’.

From paragraph 6:

Why is it hard to gauge the population size of the gorillas? Answer in your own words.

From Passage A and Passage B:

For each of the following words, give one word or phrase (of not more than seven words) which has the same meaning that the word has in the passage.

From Passage A: 1. habituated (line 11)2. grim (line 45)

From Passage B:3. undertook (line 17)4. target (line 28) 5. mission (line 31)

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From Passage A:

Using your own words as far as possible, summarise the reaction to the execution of the Virunga gorillas, what this shows of people’s attitudes towards them, the dangers the gorillas faced and the list of murder suspects.

USE THE MATERIAL IN PASSAGE A FROM PARAGRAPHS 4 TO 7.

Your summary, which must be in continuous writing (not note form), must not be longer than 150 words, (not counting the words given to help you begin).

Begin your summary as follows:

In all, seven Virunga mountain gorillas had been killed in less than two months and …

END OF PAPER

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ANSWER SCHEME

From Passage A:

From paragraph 1:

Write down the single word which implies that the killers’ actions were brutal and merciless.

- ‘execute’.* no inverted commas = 0 marks.* ‘executes’ / ‘executed’ / ‘execution’ = 0 marks.* spelling mistake = 0 marks.

In your own words, explain how Senkwekwe accepts the proximity of thousands of people.

- ‘irritating’ = annoying / exasperating / irksome / infuriating / frustrating. *‘troublesome’ / ‘bothersome’ / ‘disturbing’ / ‘unpleasant’ = 0 marks.- ‘unavoidable’ = inescapable / inevitable / necessary / that cannot be

evaded.*Senkwekwe accepts the proximity of thousands of people as annoying but inevitable.

Why do you think the local farmers were angered when gorillas ‘occasionally wander out of the forest into cornfields for an impromptu picnic’?

- The gorillas could have been in the way of the local farmers who were trying to do their work, and as such, they were inconvenienced. / The gorillas could have been eating their crops. / The gorillas could have damaged their crops as they wandered into their cornfields.* ‘eating their cornfields’ / ‘livestock’ / ‘harvest’ / ‘farms’ = 0 marks.* ‘corn’ – singular, as a type of crop/produce.

From paragraph 2:

Which single word conveys the idea of fear?

- ‘cowering'.* no inverted commas = 0 marks.* ‘cower’ / ‘cowers’ / ‘cowered’ = 0 marks.* spelling mistake = 0 marks.

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From paragraph 4:

Give two examples to show the villagers’ high regard for the Virunga gorillas.

- The dead creatures were carried like royalty.- The villagers were weeping. * Candidates need to delineate very clearly the two answers.* Common answer - ‘The dead creatures were carried like royalty by weeping villagers and the park rangers called them “our brothers”’ = 1 mark only. The reference to the park rangers here constitutes your second answer, which is erroneous.* The villagers did not carry the photographs of the dead gorillas! * Wholesale copying of ‘Photographs of the dead creatures being carried like royalty by weeping villagers ran in newspapers and magazines around the world.’ = 0 marks. Candidates need to distil the essence of this sentence when answering this question.

Apart from their intelligence, in what other way, according to the passage, is the gorillas described as? Answer in your own words.

- ‘unassuming’ = modest / humble / unpretentious / down-to-earth.* ‘friendly’, ‘innocent’, ‘shy’ = 0 marks.* The gorillas were also described as humble.

What do the words ‘ignited international outrage’ tell us about the reaction to the killing of the gorillas?

- People all over the world / worldwide- were stirred up / fired up to / sparked- great anger / fury / ire.* It sparked fury among people from all over the world.* Answer should not include the word ‘rage’.* ‘angry’ = 0 mark. ‘Outrage’ denotes ‘great anger’.* Two correct answers need to be given for 1 mark to be awarded. No ½ mark awarded for one correct answer out of the three.

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From paragraph 5:

Explain fully why it would be a miracle if the gorillas remained unharmed.

- The gorillas lived in an area where a three-way guerrilla war is taking place, together with poachers, illegal charcoal producers, subsistence farmers and refugees fleeing the bloodshed- and were caught in the middle of much danger / were vulnerable to many threats. * For ‘Explain fully’ questions, the first mark can usually be obtained by retrieving relevant information from the text. The second mark can be obtained by an inference on the material given for the first mark; in this case, an inference on the kind of situation that the gorillas are in. Candidates who referred to the ‘human misery’ that the gorillas were up against need to explain the link between the misery and their likelihood of harm, e.g. being killed and their body parts sold.

From Passage B:

From paragraph 1:

Explain what the author means when he describes ‘the investigation helps expose the extent of gorilla poaching in the country’.

- ‘investigation’ = study / examination / search / enquiry / exploration / research / survey / inspection. - ‘expose’ = reveal / make known / disclose / make public / show / uncover.- ‘extent’ = scale / magnitude.- ‘poaching’ = illegal gorilla hunting.* One answer out of 4 correct = 0 mark; 2/3 answers out of 4 correct = 1 mark. No ½ marks. All 4 answers need to be correct to get the full 2 marks.

From paragraph 2:

What is the consequence of having gained the trust of the sellers and traders?

- They revealed that the origin of the gorilla meat comes from a single region. * Key focus = the single origin of gorilla meat => insufficient to say that they managed to find out the origin of the gorilla meat.

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From paragraph 4:

What, above all, is the most important criterion for poachers?

- Gorillas with the most meat.

From paragraph 5:

Explain fully in what way the ‘study has disclosed the horrific scale of the endangered species market’.

- In less than one week and a half, two adult gorillas were killed for their meat.- All the meat appears to be consumed locally rather than being exported.- The meat goes to the nearest, biggest and most profitable place.* Any 2 points will do.

From paragraph 6:

Why is it hard to gauge the population size of the gorillas? Answer in your own words.

- ‘dense’ = thick / impenetrable / closely packed / compact / crowded / overcrowded / heavily forested / tight.* 0 marks = fully populated / concentrated / deep.- ‘remote’ = isolated / inaccessible / secluded / out-of-the-way / hard to find / difficult to get to / cut-off / obscure.* 0 marks = distant / desolate / not well known / faraway / far flung / far off / not many people live there / reclusive / uninhabitable.* The thick and isolated forest makes it hard to accurately determine the population size of the gorillas.

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From Passage A and Passage B:

For each of the following words, give one word or phrase (of not more than seven words) which has the same meaning that the word has in the passage.

From Passage A: 1. habituated (line 11) – accustomed / used to / trained / broken in / inured / adapted / familiarised / seasoned.* 0 marks = settled / usual / accepted / suited.

2. grim (line 45) – bleak / harsh / severe / forbidding / dismal / gloomy / depressing / uninviting / dark / very unpleasant / solemn / miserable / dreary / despairing / sombre / dreadful / grave.* 0 marks = unpleasant / ghastly / unhappy / remote / not peaceful / dirty / brooding / dull / deathly / sad / horrific / upsetting / tragic

From Passage B:

3. undertook (line 17) – assumed / started / commenced / embarked on / carried out / accepted / agreed to / went on / began / conducted / set off on / proceeded on / launched.* 0 marks = initiated / attended / participated / secretly organised / organised / set up / indulged in / endured / planned / take responsibility / picked up.

4. target (line 28) – aim at / home in on / go for / pursue / seek out / be directed at / prey on / look to hunt down / select to kill / focus on / mark / pinpoint / concentrate on attacking / aim to kill.* 0 marks = prefer / look out for / pick out / select / choose / kill / attack / search for.

5. mission (line 31) – assignment / task / job / undertaking / duty / operation / exercise / quest / trip with an objective / expedition / important journey / investigation / study / exploratory trip / endeavours / field study.* 0 marks = objective / reconnaissance / campaign / undercover job / ambition / travels / research / work / activity / course.

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From Passage A:

Using your own words as far as possible, summarise the reaction to the execution of the Virunga gorillas, what this shows of people’s attitudes towards them, the dangers the gorillas faced and the list of murder suspects.

USE THE MATERIAL IN PASSAGE A FROM PARAGRAPHS 4 TO 7.

Your summary, which must be in continuous writing (not note form), must not be longer than 150 words, (not counting the words given to help you begin).

Begin your summary as follows:

In all, seven Virunga mountain gorillas had been killed in less than two months and …

1. photographs of the dead creatures being carried like royalty2. by weeping villagers 3. ran in newspapers and magazines around the world.4. ignited international outrage.5. People’s Attitudes towards the Gorillas – highly regarded (treated like royalty).6. People’s Attitudes towards the Gorillas – much loved (grieving villagers).7. People’s Attitudes towards the Gorillas – treated as equals (regarded as ‘intelligent’ and ‘unassuming’ and referred to as ‘our brother’).8. The gorillas share the park with tens of thousands of heavily armed soldiers engaged in a three-way guerrilla war between two rival militias and the Congolese army.9. The park is also home to poachers and hordes of illegal charcoal producers.10. It is bordered by subsistence farmers and vast refugee camps overflowing with families fleeing the bloodshed.11. One thing seemed certain – poachers had not killed them.12. Poachers kidnap infants and cut off the heads and hands of the adults, to be sold on the black market.13. But these dead gorillas were left to rot where they fell, and the motherless infants left to starve to death.14. The Congolese Tutsi general, Laurent Nkunda, still controlled the sector of the park inhabited by the gorillas and his troops are thought to have killed and eaten two mountain gorillas last year.15. The rebels had not allowed anyone in to see the creatures for six months, and most of the rangers had fled.

ChewKW/18July2010

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